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    Expansion and Flexibility

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    1) Thermal expansion of a liquid trapped in a metallic enclosure will cause an increase in pressure due to constraints on the liquid's volume. 2) Factors that contribute to changes in the liquid and enclosure's volume include the thermal expansion of the liquid and enclosure, the compressibility of the liquid under pressure changes, and the enclosure's ability to expand under increased pressure. 3) An example calculation is shown for water trapped in a carbon steel enclosure, which finds that a 1 degree C temperature increase could result in pressure increases of 2 bar for a light enclosure, 4 bar for a heavy enclosure, and 4.4 bar for a rigid enclosure.

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    Expansion and Flexibility

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    TON
    38 views1 page
    1) Thermal expansion of a liquid trapped in a metallic enclosure will cause an increase in pressure due to constraints on the liquid's volume. 2) Factors that contribute to changes in the liquid and enclosure's volume include the thermal expansion of the liquid and enclosure, the compressibility of the liquid under pressure changes, and the enclosure's ability to expand under increased pressure. 3) An example calculation is shown for water trapped in a carbon steel enclosure, which finds that a 1 degree C temperature increase could result in pressure increases of 2 bar for a light enclosure, 4 bar for a heavy enclosure, and 4.4 bar for a rigid enclosure.

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    Expansion and Flexibility

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    1) Thermal expansion of a liquid trapped in a metallic enclosure will cause an increase in pressure due to constraints on the liquid's volume. 2) Factors that contribute to changes in the liquid and enclosure's volume include the thermal expansion of the liquid and enclosure, the compressibility of the liquid under pressure changes, and the enclosure's ability to expand under increased pressure. 3) An example calculation is shown for water trapped in a carbon steel enclosure, which finds that a 1 degree C temperature increase could result in pressure increases of 2 bar for a light enclosure, 4 bar for a heavy enclosure, and 4.4 bar for a rigid enclosure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views1 page

    Expansion and Flexibility

    Uploaded by

    TON
    1) Thermal expansion of a liquid trapped in a metallic enclosure will cause an increase in pressure due to constraints on the liquid's volume. 2) Factors that contribute to changes in the liquid and enclosure's volume include the thermal expansion of the liquid and enclosure, the compressibility of the liquid under pressure changes, and the enclosure's ability to expand under increased pressure. 3) An example calculation is shown for water trapped in a carbon steel enclosure, which finds that a 1 degree C temperature increase could result in pressure increases of 2 bar for a light enclosure, 4 bar for a heavy enclosure, and 4.4 bar for a rigid enclosure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Expansion and flexibility

    Pressure increase due to thermal expansion of a trapped liquid


    faq378-1339
    Posted: 25 May 07

    The calculation of pressure increase due to thermal expansion of a liquid fully filling, without any
    gas bubbles or pockets, a metallic enclosure, may be treated as follows.
    The phenomena to be considered are:
    1)thermal expansion of liquid due to the change of its bulk temperature
    2)thermal expansion of the vessel or pipe, assumed in the following as having the same
    temperature as the fluid
    3)compressibility of liquid under the increase in pressure due to the constrained volume
    4)increase in volume of the vessel under the increased pressure of the fluid.
    The corresponding contributions to the relative change in volume V/V of fluid or of the
    containing space may be evaluated as follows:
    1)fT
    2)vT
    3)P
    4)PD/tE
    where:
    -f is the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion of the fluid
    -v is the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion of the vessel (= three times the linear one ,
    3l)
    -T is the change in temperature
    - is the compressibility factor of the fluid, or the relative change in volume per unit change in
    pressure
    -P is the change in pressure of the fluid (it is what we seek)
    -D,t and E are respectively the diameter, the thickness and the elastic modulus of the vessel (or
    pipe)
    By equating the change in volume of the fluid to the change in volume of the vessel one gets:
    fT-P=vT+PD/tE
    or
    P=(f-v)T/(+D/tE)

    Let's take as an example water as the entrapped fluid and carbon steel for the container, at
    temperatures not far from room temperature.
    We have:
    f=210x10-6 C-1
    v=36x10-6 C-1
    =4x10-4 MPa-1
    E=2x105 MPa
    D/t will of course widely vary according to the dimensions and design pressure of the container;
    we may assume a variation between 100 for a light vessel or pipe and 10 for a quite heavy
    vessel, the value of 0 corresponding to an infinitely rigid container.
    With these figures we get (per degree C of change in temperature):
    P=0.19 MPa =~ 2 bar for the light container
    P=0.39 MPa =~ 4 bar for the heavy container
    P=0.44 MPa =~ 4.4 bar for the rigid container
    http://www.eng-tips.com/

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