Maths Frameworking Pupil Book 3.

3 Answers

Exercise 1A
1 a 75 b 4.50 c 400 d 450
e 600 f 212.80 g 3.8% of 50.16 h 1.625
2 a 11.05 b 29.75 c 1495 d 8.05
e 8.68 f 212.80 g 3.8% of 50.16 h 1.625
3 144
4 1814.40
5 6451.20
50
6 a 50 b 1250 100 = 4
7 a 13 500 b 54%
8 a 7.50 b 12 c 52
9 Carly: 840, James: 840; Carly pays a higher rate of interest but James pays for longer.
10 17%
11 0.225%
12 0.6%
13 a 1.75 b i 5.25% ii 10.5% iii 21% iv 42%
Challenge: Using a formula
A 560
B 301
C 10 744
D 1 + 2.4100
42
= 2.008

Exercise 1B
1 a 5136 b 4464 c 7056 d 1440
2 a 135 b 92.40 c 71.10 d 12.75
3 a 351.43 b 190.55 c 542.07 d 769.48
4 a 564.53 b 14.7 c 3.42
5 a 7.5% b 0.925
6 a 43 200 b 67 200 c 91 200 d 103 200
7 131.89%
8 a 672 b 29.5%
9 The price of a car can increase by any percentage, but the most a price can decrease by
is 100%, making it worth nothing.
10 a +28.1% b 21.9% c +116.8% d 53.9%
11 A change from 870 to 1240 is an increase of 42.5%, but a change from 1240 to 870 is a
decrease of 29.8%.
12 a increase of 38.5% b decrease of 13.0% c increase of 20.5%
13 a 25% reduction b 22.2% reduction c 40% reduction
14 a 624 bolivars b 973.44 bolivars c 1518.57 bolivars
Reasoning: Population change
A Derby +23.7%, Liverpool +12.4%, Plymouth 20.8%
So Derby has the largest percentage change.
B Derby +51.8%, Liverpool 42.7%, Plymouth +12.9%
So Derby again has the largest percentage change.

Maths Frameworking 3rd edition HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2014

Pupil Book 3.3 answers

1
Exercise 1C
1 a 450 b 66.7 kg c 3.5 m d 6760
2 a 3200 b 480 c 176 kg d 180
3 a 480 b 635
4 a 450 g b 544.5 g
5 a 280 b 717
6 52.02
7 a 84.60 b 385.20 c 750 (749.58)
8 a 118.66 b 236.48 c 300.15
9 141.50
10 a 23% b 392.50
11 a 30 072 827 (approx. 30 073 000) b 7 754 726 (approx. 7 755 000)
Challenge: At the gym
The original membership fee was 128. The old membership was 240 members.
The amount raised from 240 members each paying 128 = 30 720.
The amount raised from 180 members each paying 160 = 28 800.
The gym lost money by raising the fees.

Exercise 1D
1 9.504 kg
2 546
3 13 024
4 2613.75
5 86 bpm
6 a 259 b 4%
7 a 1.9152 m (1.92 m) b 28% (27.68%)
8 The multipliers are 1.16, then 1.25. The product of 1.16 and 1.25 is 1.45, which is the
multiplier for an increase of 45%.
9 21%
10 56%
11 58%
12 1.4 1.4 = 1.96, so the percentage increase is 96%.
13 a no change b no change c 10% reduction
Investigation: Up and down
A 1.1 0.9 = 0.99, a reduction of 1%
B a 0.96, a reduction of 4% b 0.91, a reduction of 9%
c 0.84, a reduction of 16%
C a reduction of N 2 %
D a reduction of 0.25%; 1.05 095 = 0.9975 = 1 0.0025; 0.0025 = 0.25%

Chapter 1: Answers to Review questions

1 a 67.65 m b 52.09 m c 94.71% 7 a 30 cm b 15 cm

2 a 1123.20 b 31.2% 8 a 229 b 305
3 679.20 9 15 859
4 263.16 10 a 120 b 61
5 47 11 85.55
6 a 27% (26.97%) b 13.5% (13.48%)
c 35.3% (35.29%) d 67.3%

Maths Frameworking 3rd edition HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2014

Pupil Book 3.3 answers

2
Maths Frameworking 3rd edition HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2014
Pupil Book 3.3 answers

3
1 a 1000 1.2 1.2 = 1440
b 1000, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488
c

2 a
Number
0 1 2 3 4 5
of years
Number
1000 1300 1690 2197 2856 3713
of deer

3
Number
0 1 2 3 4 5
of years
Number
1000 1400 1960 2744 3842 5378
of deer

4 a 1000 0.8 0.8 = 640

 b 1000, 800, 640, 512, 410, 328
c

5 a b
Exercise 2A
1 a 4x2 b 10y2 c 24t d 8d3 e 24a3 f 8k3
2
2 a x + 5x b 6x2 27x c 24d 18d2 2
d 10a 6a
3 2 2 3
e 2a + 3a f 4n 6n g 2x3 5x2 h 21y 9y3
2 2
3 a 3x 4x b 5x x c x2 + x d 20y + y2 e z2 + z f n2 + 2n
2 2
4 a x x 12 b 2y 3 c 20 3x + 2x2 2
d 2x + 14x 8
2 2
e 8a + 4 f 2 t + 6t
5 a x2 + 6x b 3x + 2x2 c 8x + 2x2
2 2 3 2
d 2x x e 10t + 2t f 9n2 + 3n3
2
6 a 5x 2x b 4x + 2x 3x c 4k k2
3 2

7 2x(x + 1) + x(3x 2) = 2x2 + 2x + 3x2 2x = 5x2

8 a 3x3 2x b 3x
9 x3
Reasoning: Simplifying expressions
A a i 112 ii 84 b 4n2 c 196
B a i 416 ii 352 b 12n3 c 768

Exercise 2B
1 a 2(2x + 5) b 4(3x 2) c 20(3 + 2t) d 12(2k 1)
e 7(y2 3) f 3(3 5n2) g 13(2x3 + 3) h 10(1 2t3)
2 a 2(2x2 3x + 4) b 6(3y2 + 6y 4) c 4(3x3 2x2 4)
3 a x(3x + 7) b x(2 9x) c a(4a + 1) d t(5 12t2)
e x (x + 32)
2
f x(1 + 2x 3x )
2
g t(9t 6t 4)
2
h x2(x2 + 4)
4 a 2x(x 6) b 8 x(5x2 + 3) c 5y(1 5y) d 2x2(5 + 7x)
e 8t(3t 5)
2
f x (5x + 8)
2
g 15d( 1 d) h 12x3(x + 3)
5 a 3x(2x2 + 3x + 4) b 7y(8y2 7y 4) c 5t(1 + 2t 10t2)
d 8(1 + x x )
2 3
e 10y(2y + y 3)
2
f 2t2(t2 4t 6)
6 a x(x2 + 2) b x(2 x)
7 x2(x 1)
8 3x(x2 2)
9 2x2(x + 2)
Mathematical reasoning: Adding odd numbers
A a 15 b 33 c 207
B a 4n + 4; 4(n + 1)
b 4(n + 1) can be divided by 4 since it is the product of 4 and (n + 1).
C a 8n + 16; 8(n + 2)
b 8(n + 2) can be divided by 8 since it is the product of 8 and (n + 2).
D (2n + 1) + (2n + 3) + (2n + 5) + (2n + 7) + (2n + 9) + (2n + 11) + (2n + 13) + (2n + 15) =
16n + 64 = 16 (n + 4), which is a multiple of 16

Exercise 2C
1 a 3xy + 3y2 b x2y + xy2 c 2a2b 3ab2 d 10ab + 5b2
2 2 2 2
e 4a b + 2ab f 4pq + 12p q g 2st + st h 4x2 3xy
2 2 2 3 2
2 a 2ab + 2b + 2bc b 3ab 3a b 6ab c 2x 3x y 7xy
d 6pq + 2p2q + 8p2q2 e at 4a2t + 8at2 f 8x2y + 12x3
g 4 rh 8 r h + 4 r
2 2 3
h x y + 2 xy
2 2

1 1
3 t = 2 ah + 2 bh
1
4 s = ut + 2 at2
5 a 2b(a + b) b x(x 4y) c ab(1 + c) d xy(x + y)
 e pq(1 2q) f 2x(2y + 5x) g 5a(3 ac) h 6 xy(x 2y)
6 a 2x(3x y + 2) b 6a(3a2 + 4ab 2b2) c 5x2(y + 2w 1)
1
d 4ab(1 a b) e 3 x(1 + 10y + 4xz) f 3 y(y + 2x 4)
7 a 6ab b a2 b2 b c 2x2 y2
3
dy e x + 2x y + 4xy 2x2 2xy 8y2
3 2 2
f 2x3 y3
2
8 a x (a b) b 3(2a2 b2)
9 Area is r + r 2 rh = 2 r2 + 2 rh = 2 r(r + h)
2 2 +

1
10 The area of the square = x2 and the area of the triangle is 2 xh.
1 1
The area, a, of the pentagon is a = x2 + 2 xh = 2 x(2x + h).
11 The area of the base is r2.
The area of the curved surface is rl.
The total surface area of the cone is r2 + rl = r(r + l).
Mathematical reasoning: Two rectangles
A 2(3a + 2b) 2(a + b) = 4a + 2b
B (3a 2b) (a b) = 5ab
C Choose values for a and b and check that your conclusions in A and B are correct.

Exercise 2D
1 a x = 20 b x = 1.25 cx=2 d x = 18
2 ax=5 bx=3 cx=2 dx=3
1 1 1
3 a x = 3.5 b x = 33 cx= 2 dx= 4

5 1 1 5
e x = 18 f x = 22 g x = 22 h x = 26

4 ax=3 b x = 10 cx=3 d x = 10
1 3
ex=4 fx=8 gx= 22 hx=44

5 a x = 10 bx=8 cx=9 dx=6

ex=9 f x = 12 g x = 3.5 h x = 5.25
2N
6 a N 4 = 3 b N = 12

5x
7 a Each side of the ratio equation can be written as a fraction, so x 9 = 21 and 21 = 2
b x = 2.25
8 0.01
Challenge: Cross-multiplication
A a 2 15 = 3 10 = 30 b 5 24 = 8 15 = 120 c 7 8 = 4 14 = 56
B ax=4 bx=7 cx=8
Chapter 2: Answers to Review questions

Answers to Review questions

1 a 6t2 b 20x2 c 14y3 d 120t3
2 3
2 a 4t 16t b 6a3 + 12a2 18a 2
c 15x 5x + 5x 3
2
3 a 6x + 2xy b 8ac 16c2 c 3k2n 5kn d 4 r 3 r2 + 2 rt
2
4 a 2a b t2 2
c n 8n
2
5 a 6a b 2x2 + 6xy c 2t2 + 4u2
6 a 2x(1 2x) b 5b2(2 3b) c 4x(3 + 4x 5x2)
7 a 2xy(1 + 3z) b 5ab(2b 3a) c 4xy(3 + 4x 5y)
1
8 ax=3 bx= 3 c x = 11 d x = 2.5
9 a x = 10 b x =12 c x = 2.5 dx=8
10 x(3x + 1) +8(2x 1) = 3x2 + x +16x 8 = 3x2 + 17x 8
1
11 Area = A = x2 + 4 2 xh = x2 + 2 xh = x(x + 2h)
12 1 2x + 8x3
A TB A
13 T = B C TB TC = A TC = TB A C = T

C = 0.3 1.5
0.3
0.36
= 0.3

Chapter 2: Answers to Investigation Body mass index

1 24.2
2 Brad Pitt 24.1, Angelina Jolie 19.7, Arnold Schwarzenegger 32.0, Serena Williams 22.2,
Ben Morgan 31.8, Kate Moss 19.0
3 Brad Pitt normal, Angelina Jolie normal, Arnold Schwarzenegger obese,
Serena Williams normal, Ben Morgan obese, Kate Moss normal
4 41.6, obese
5 David Beckham 75 kg, Beyonc Knowles 64.0 kg, Bradley Wiggins 69.0 kg,
Jessica Ennis 56.9 kg, Usain Bolt 85.7 kg, Claudia Schiffer 57.7 kg
6 mass between 55.4 kg and 74.8 kg
7 height between 1.63 m and 1.90 m

Exercise 3A
1 a convex b convex c concave d concave e convex
2 a i 720 ii 900
b Name of polygon Number of triangles Sum of interior
Number of sides
inside polygon angles
Hexagon 6 4 720
Heptagon 7 5 900
Octagon 8 6 1080
Nonagon 9 7 1260
Decagon 10 8 1440
n-sided polygon n n2 180(n 2)
3 a 80 b 105 c 283
4 a 56 b 46 c 32
5 a 60 b 140 c 135
6 a 120, 170, 60, 140, 50 b 60, 10, 120, 40, 130
7 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170
8 a b 14 c 20 d Name of Number of Number of
polygon sides diagonals
Triangle 3 0
Quadrilateral 4 2
s ( s 3) Pentagon 5 5
e d Hexagon 6 9
2
f i 27 ii 35 iii 54 iv 170 Heptagon 7 14
Investigation: Overlapping squares Octagon 8 20
A and B for example

triangle, pentagon and triangle, quadrilateral and quadrilateral and

heptagon pentagon hexagon

C for example

Exercise 3B
1 Regular polygon Number of Sum of Size of each Size of each
sides exterior exterior interior
angles angle angle
Equilateral triangle 3 360 120 60
Square 4 360 90 90
Regular pentagon 5 360 72 108
Regular hexagon 6 360 60 120
Regular heptagon 7 360 51.4 128.6
Regular octagon 8 360 45 135
Regular nonagon 9 360 40 140
Regular decagon 10 360 36 144
Regular n-sided N 360 360
180 360
polygon n n

2 a 18 b 162 c 3240
3 a = 36, b = 72, c = 72
4 30
5 ABC = 135 (interior angle of a regular octagon)
BF is a line of symmetry, so ABF = 135 2 = 67 21 .
6 15 sides (360 24 = 15)
7 24 sides (180 165 = 15 and 360 15 = 24)
Challenge: Exterior and interior angles as mixed numbers
A 51 37 , 128 74
 8 3
B 32 11 , 147 11
9 4
C 27 13 , 152 13

Exercise 3C
1 a Check pupils diagrams.
b The interior angle of a regular hexagon is 120. 120 divides exactly into 360, so three
regular hexagons will fit together and leave no gaps.
2 b The interior angle of a regular pentagon is 108. 108 does not divide exactly into 360,
so regular pentagons will not fit together.
3 b The interior angle of a regular octagon is 135. 135 does not divide exactly into 360,
so regular octagons will not fit together.
4 a Regular polygon Size of each Does this polygon
interior angle tessellate?
Equilateral triangle 60 Yes
Square 90 Yes
Regular pentagon 108 No
Regular hexagon 120 Yes
Regular octagon 135 No
b only tessellate when the size of the interior angle divides exactly into 360
c No, each interior angle of a regular nonagon is 140, which does not divide exactly into
360.
5 a 2 are 90 and 4 are 135 b 90 + 135 + 135 = 360
Reasoning: How many regular polygons tessellate?
For a regular polygon to tessellate, the interior angle must divide exactly into 360.
The only factors of 360 greater than 60 are 90 and 120.
So the only regular polygons to tessellate are those that have interior angles of 60, 90 and
120.
So only equilateral triangles, squares and regular hexagons will tessellate.

Chapter 3: Answers to Review questions

1 a

b 540
c

d 900
2 143
3 115
4 80, 65, 85, 140, 170
5 5x + x = 6x, 6x = 180, so x = 30
360 30 = 12
 So the regular polygon has 12 sides.
6 45
7 77

Chapter 3: Answers to Mathematical reasoning Semi-regular tessellations

1 a a square, a regular hexagon and a regular dodecagon
b 90 + 120 + 150 = 360
c 4, 6, 12

2 Tessellations Names of regular Sum of angles at Order of the

polygons each vertex semi-regular
tessellation
A Square, regular octagons 90 + 135 + 135 4, 8, 8

B Square, regular hexagon, 90 + 120 + 150 4, 6, 12

regular dodecagon
C Equilateral triangles, 60 + 60 + 60 3, 3, 3, 4, 4
squares + 90 + 90
D Equilateral triangles, 60 + 60 + 90 3, 3, 4, 3, 4
squares + 60 + 90
E Equilateral triangles, 60 + 120 + 60 3, 6, 3, 6
regular hexagons + 120
F Equilateral triangle, regular 60 + 150 + 150 3, 12, 12
dodecagons
G Equilateral triangle, 60 + 90 + 120 3, 4, 6, 4
squares, regular hexagon + 90
H Equilateral triangles, 60 + 60 + 60 3, 3, 3, 3, 4
regular hexagon + 60 + 120

Exercise 4A
1 a negative correlation
b positive correlation c nothing
2 a negative correlation b no correlation
c negative correlation d no correlation
e no correlation
3 a negative
b Check that pupils diagram shows negative correlation.
4 a Track W-R +ve and R-IQ +ve, hence W-IQ positive
b Track S-IQ ve and IQ-RA +ve, hence S-RA negative
c VA has no correlation with SA but SA is -ve with IQ, which is +ve with RA, which is +ve
with WA, hence SA is ve correlated with WA hence there is no correlation with VA and
WA.
5 a negative correlation
b Check that pupils diagrams show negative correlation.
6 a b Check pupils lines
of best fit.
c 11 answer may
vary depending on pupils line of best fit.
d Darren is far off the line of best fit, the
only pupil doing better on the mental
test that the written.

7 a

b Check pupils lines of best fit.

c The older you are, the more likely you are to live closer to the shops.
d because children live where their parents live
8 a b Check pupils
lines of best fit.

c Follow the line from the 15 years to the line of best fit, trace that point along to amount
spent, which is around 10 depending on pupils own line of best fit.
d because by then they are earning a lot more money to spend
9 a 4.4 g b 0.2 g
c the one at (1.15, 4.55), because it is the most underweight bird sampled
Investigation: Sun and scattered showers
A Check pupils answers.
B Answers may vary.

Exercise 4B
29 13
1 a 500 1
b 20 c 51 d 100 e 319
500
2 a More girls own iPods than boys.
b The older both sexes get, the proportion owning iPods increases.
3 a 25, 20, 15, 10 b If it is re-varnished it will gain value.
4 Most of the females are in the lowest 3 height categories and most of the males are in
the top 3 height categories so the claim is true.

5 a
 b true
Investigation: Pupilteacher ratio
pupils own answers

Exercise 4C
1 a and b Check pupils tables. c i 4.5 kg ii 27.35 cm
2 19.8 C
3 8.4 minutes
4 a 830 b3<H4 c 3.14 m
5 a 424 b4 c2 d1
6 Take a sample, say ten of each sex for each year group, then from the data estimate the
mean.
Investigation: A mean median
A and B One way is to draw the part of the frequency diagram containing the class with the
median and the one either side. Then join lines as shown to estimate the median.

Exercise 4D
1 a Check pupils tables.
b

c median 13, IQR 6

2 a Check pupils tables.
 b c median 14,
IQR 11

3 a Check pupils tables.

b c median 25.9,
IQR 1.4

4 a median 37, mean 37 b 16% c 0.04

5 Take a sample of oranges and create a cf graph, then use it to estimate the median.
6 a written when 50 = 27 (from 400 on cf) written when 30 = 15 (from 315 on cf)
b There are more words per sentence in the version written when 50.
c 10 (written when 50) and 9 (written when 30) interquartile ranges are almost the
same
7 a Yes, it is a little lower than 60.
b Close, but it should be 37.
c No, more marks are gained on paper B and so that must have been the easier paper.
d From the graph create the grouped frequency table and then use the mid-class marks
to estimate the means.
Activity: Brides and bridegrooms
A The brides have a lower median than the bridegrooms.
B The brides have a lower mean age than the bridegrooms.
C They are about the same.

Exercise 4E
1 Check pupils investigations.
Investigation: A comparison
pupils own answers

Chapter 4: Answers to Review questions

1 a N at 85 b true, range of written is 40, range of mental is 35
c i A, B and D ii 31
d
2 a positive correlation
b Check students drawings.
c The trunk is too thin the point doesnt lie near the line.
d 2.2 m
3 Chris: false, can pass through axes at any point
Hannah: false, could be positive
Jess: false, that would most likely not give the line showing the trend
Helen: false, would be unlikely to give a straight line
4 a 28 b 17 c 35
d larger age distribution at the flower show, with the median age being double that of the
theme park

Chapter 4: Answers to Challenge Census

1 40 A < 50
2 40
3 37
4 yes
5 females 40.0, males 38.5; This would suggest that generally women live longer than
men.
6 0.086
7 63 182 000
8 Check pupils graphs.
9 for example, immigration
10 Both are slowly tending to reduce, apart from 1961 1971 when both increased.

Exercise 5A
1 a 1.50 b 2.20 c 4.00 d 4.50
2 a i 50p ii 1.50 iii 2.50 iv 5.00
b 15.60
3 a i 5 ii 10 iii 12 iv 14 v 17
b i 4 ii 1.40
4 a i 8 ii 24 iii 32 iv 48
b 96.80
5 a
 b 20.00
6 a

b 215
Reasoning: Discontinuous graphs
A a 25 b 35 c 40 d 25 e 40 f 20
B a i free ii 1.50 iii 4 iv 7 b 7

Exercise 5B
1 a 8:15am b 8:45am
c about 9:25 am and 9:50 am
2 a ii b iii ci
3 a 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000
b c i 900 km
ii 2100 km

4 a b i approximately
25 km/h
ii approximately
61 km/h
c approx. 4 s
5 a 45 m
b i approx. 33 m
ii approx.14 m
c 0.8 s and 5.2 s

6 a b 4.30 pm
7 a b i 46 C
ii 64 C
c approximately
1 minute 24
seconds

Problem solving: Population increase in the UK

A

B about 50 million
C a 22.6% b 5.4%
D Population increase appears to be constant over the past 40 years, but cannot predict
as families are having fewer children.

Exercise 5C

1 a 100, 200, 400, 800 b

b

2 a 128, 205, 328, 524

b c i 53 ii 279
4 a 242, 266, 293,
322, 354
b

Problem solving:
c i 162 i 414
Exponential decay graphs
3 a 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 c8 A a 64, 51, 41, 33
b 5 a 31, 39, 49, 61 b
B a

b approximately 3.8
days
Chapter 5: Answers to Review questions

1 a i 2 ii 2 iii 8
iv 14 v 15 vi 19 b 195 km
b
5 a 15 000, 23 000, 34 000, 51 000
b

2 a

c 28 000
d 1.7 years
6 a 551, 579, 608, 638
b

3 a 320 m b i 195 m ii 290 m

c 3.1 s
4 a c approximately 3.7 years

Chapter 5: Answers to Problem solving Mobile phone tariffs

1 15 7 a 21 b 25.20
2 11 h 40 m 8 13 h 20 m
3 57 9 40
4 10.80 10 210
5 180
6 57
Exercise 6A
1 a 6.4 cm b 12.8 cm c 17.9 mm d 2.8 m e 9.7 cm f 5.9 cm
g 4.1 m h 26.9 mm
2 a 6.3 cm b 2.6 cm c 13.6 mm d 2.2 m e 7.3 cm f 2.9 cm
g 31.6 mm h 3.2 m
3 a x = 1.4 cm, y = 1.7 cm, z = 2.0 cm
b The length of each hypotenuse follow a sequence 2 , 3 , 4 , so the next
hypotenuse is 5 = 2.2 cm.
4 10.8 cm
5 7.1 cm
6 a 7.4 cm b 22.2 cm2
7 a 3.2 cm b 10 cm2
8 13.6 cm
Investigation: Right-angled or not-right-angled?
B
a2 b2 c2 a2 + b2 =, > or < C When a2 + b2 = c2, C
9 16 25 25 = Right-angled is a right angle.
16 25 49 41 < Acute When a2 + b2 < c2, C
25 36 49 61 > Obtuse is an acute angle.
25 144 169 169 = Right-angled When a2 + b2 > c2, C
16 64 100 80 < Acute is an obtuse angle.
49 64 81 113 > Obtuse

Exercise 6B
1 62 km
2 147 km
3 8.5 m
4 28 m
5 14.4 cm
6 22.4 cm and 17.3 cm
7 4.64 m
8 7.1 km
9 6.52 1.52 = 40, 40 = 6.32 and 6.52 0.52 = 42, 42 = 6.48, so he is incorrect
10 a 5 b 4.5 c 5.8 d 9.9
Problem solving: Pythagorean triples
A Some further Pythagorean triples are given below, with a as odd numbers.
a b c
3 4 5
5 12 13
7 24 25
9 40 41
11 60 61
13 84 85
15 112 113
B For a odd and greater than 1, b = 21 (a2 1) and c = 21 (a2 + 1).
C yes

Maths Frameworking 3rd edition 21 HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2014

Teacher Pack 3.3

21
Exercise 6C
1 a, c, d and g
2 7.52 + 102 = 12.52 = 156.25
3 102 + 242 = 262 = 676
4 no, 82 + 82 = 128, but 11.52 = 132.25
5 yes, 1.352 + 1.82 = 5.0625 and 2.252 = 5.0625
6 no, 3.52 + 2.52 = 18.5, but 4.52 = 20.25
7 c the other three are right-angled triangles
Problem solving: Pythagoras and coordinates
A Check pupils drawings.
B a AB2 = 32 + 32 =18, BC2 = 32 + 32 =18 and AC2 = 36 So AB2 + BC2 = AC2
By Pythagoras theorem ABC is a right-angled triangle with B = 90.
b DF2 = 42 + 42 =32, EF2 = 42 + 42 =32 and DE2 = 64 So DF2 + EF2 = DE2
By Pythagoras theorem DEF is a right-angled triangle with F= 90.
c GH2 = 32 + 22 =13, HI2 = 62 + 42 =52 and GI2 = 82 + 12 = 65 So GH2 + HI2 = GI2
By Pythagoras theorem GHI is a right-angled triangle with H = 90.

Chapter 6: Answers to Review questions

1 a 12.2 cm b 7.1 cm
2 8 + 14 = 260 and 162 = 256, 260 256
2 2

3 a 3.5 m b 7.9 m2
4 yes, 52 + 3.752 = 6.252 = 39.0625
5 a AC = 25 cm, AD2 = 122 + 162 = 400, so AD = 20 cm, CD2 = 92 + 122 = 225, so
CD = 15 cm. So perimeter = 25 + 20 + 15 = 60 cm
b AD2 + CD2 = 202 + 152 = 625 and AC2 = 252 = 625, so by the converse of Pythagoras
theorem ACD is right-angled
6 40%
7 416 cm3

Chapter 6: Answers to Activity Practical Pythagoras

Diagram 1 and diagram 2 have the same area, as the sides of both squares are 7 cm.
The area of C = the area of A + the area of B: 32 + 42 = 52.

Exercise 7A
1 1 1 5 5 7 7
1 a1 b 120 c 112 d 18 e 8 f 28 g 12 h 20
3 5 1 13
2 ai 5 ii 112 iii 124 iv 16
b because they either have the same denominator or one is a factor of the other
1 23 3 25 3 15
3 a 24 1 b 48
4 c 6 24 d 25 e 48 f 14 20 g 11 1 h 18 56
4
4 a Use the cross-multiply method to work out these subtractions.
3 19 1 1
i 4 ii 56 iii 3 iv 40
b parts i and iii, because they either have the same denominator or one is a factor of
the other
1 3 1 3 11 1 5 19
5 a 2 4 b1 4 c 3 4 d 2
4 e 7 20 f 3 4 g 3 h 4
36 20
11 1 1 1
6 a 112 b 18 c 30 d 12

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 17 5 7 19
7 a 2 24 b 24 c 12 d 24

8 4 1 cm
4
11 7 19
9 a 8 12 b 6 60 c 6 24
1 5 7 5
10 a 118 b 26 c 18 d 46
Investigation: Fibonacci fractions
13 21
A a 55, 89 b 21 , 34
1 1 1
B a 15 b 40 c 12 816

Exercise 7B
4 3 5
1 a 9 b 20 c 8
8 15
d 27 e 32
5 5 7 1 5
2 a 12 b 8 c 15 d 3 10 Roshini is correct; the answer is 5 8 .
12 6 21 1 1 1 21
e 25 f 35 g 40 h 9 11 a i 8 6 ii 14 12 iii 21100
25 4 1
i 48 j 9 b 92 90
1 9 4 Reasoning: Square roots and fractions
3 a 16 b 16 c 9 d1
1 1
4 A a 12 b 11 4 9
4 9

2

31 44 B Because 12 is between 3 31 and

5 a 3 b 5 c 51 d 28
2
3 21
2
3
e 15 4 .

4 31
2 2

6 a 6
5 7
b 18
1
c 13
1
d 2 16 C = 18 7 and 4 21 = 20 41 , so
9 20
3 3 1 1 1 1
7 a 34 b 84 c 39 d 93 must be between 4 3 and 4 2 .
4 3
137
2
3
8 a 45 b 4 c6 d 48 D =2 2
49 , which is approximately
2 4 19 2
e 23 f 4 35 g 4 20 h 6 3 equal to 2.
2 41
2

9 a 2 4 = 8 and 3 5 = 15; the value E =5 1 , which is approximately

16
must be between these. equal to 5.
1
b 12 3

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Exercise 7C
1 2 4 16 2
1 a 5 b 13 c 20 d 13 e 49 f 51
2 a pupils own answers b pupils own answers c1 d pupils original fractions
1 3 1 4
3 a1 3 b 4 c 2 4 d 9
3 7 7
4 a 3 21 b 14 c 8 d 9
1 1
5 a6 b4 c 15 d 32
3 7 8
e 121 f 14 g 10 h 9
2 3 15
6 a 3 b 10 c 16
5 1 3
7 a 28 b 33 c 5 d 41
2 1 4 1
e 2 15 f 35 g 75 h 53
1 7 3
8 a 15 b 4 21 c 18 d 4
1 5 5 2
e 22 f 56 g 18 h 3

9 42
3
1
10 6 4 cm
Challenge: A sequence
7 5 64
A 19 , 1 , 81 27

B 20 1 , 13 1 , 9
4 2

Exercise 7D
a a3 3a 2 5x 8
1 a 2 b 2 c 4 d 2
3 t 1 2 x y
e 5 f 34 g t 2 h 3
a3 3x 2x 1 2n 5
2 a 4 b 5 c 8 d 9
2x 7 2a 7 4t 1 7x
e 10 f 12 g 2 h 5
2a 3 1
3 a 6 b 16
3 x 10 5
4 a 12 b 12
5a 2 5 2x 3n 10 5n 6
5 a 10 b 10 c 15 d 15
4 3a 8 x 9y 8a 5b 8m 5n
e 6 f 12 g 20 h 10
2a 1 4t 3 2a 3 4n 1
6 a 4 b 8 c 10 d 6
5x 4 8y x 9b 5n 2m
e 6 f 12 g 2a12 h 8
3a 2a x2 2a
7 a 8 b 9 c 6 d 5

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 3a a 8x 2 t
e 10 f 3 g 9 h 6
n 1 8
c x 4 2
3a
8 a 4 b 3 d 3a
8 2 n2 3x 2
e 3 f 3 g 3 h 8
4 1 4
9 a n b 4n c 4n d n
x 4 x 4x
10 a 2 2 2 2 2
b Write each expression in a similar way as the one in part a.
6x 6x 4x 2x 2
i 2 ii 3 iii 2 iv x
Investigation: Multiplication patterns
3 8 15 24 99
A a 4 b 9 c 16 , 25 d 100

3 3 3 3 3
B a 34 b 8 4 , 15 4 , 24 4 c 99 4

Chapter 7: Answers to Review questions

11 5 1 2
1 a 12 b 12 c 6 d 23
3 3 9 4 5 20
2 45 = 20 and 3 3 = 9
2 1 33
3 a 13 b 14 c5 d 64
17 5 7 2
4 a 6 20 b 2 12 c 4 12 d 23
1 1
5 a 68 b 33
1
3 3 3 3 = 14 16
6 4 4 , which is close to 14.
1 1
7 a8 b 93 c 3 2 metres
8 16
9 6 1 4 1 = 29 1 and 4 41 3 31 = 14 61
2 2 4
10 10 : 1
2a 5 4 3 1
11 a 4 b t 2 c 2 d 6
5 x 17 5x 7 3x 3 5x 5
12 a 20 b 20 c 20 d 12
x
13 2

Chapter 7: Answers to Investigation Fractions from one to six

5 1 5 1 3 3
1 a i 12 = 2 6 ii 2 4 = 8
5 1 2 5 3
b 6 2 = 13 c 6 4 = 12
1
d 15
1 4 13 19 247 7 3 3 2 23
c 6 4 15 = 4 28
3
2 a 2 6 3 5 = 6 5 = 30 = 8 30 b 6 21 5 4 = 37 8

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Exercise 8A
1 a x + 2x + 1 b x + 4x + 3 c x + 6x + 8 d y + 12y + 35
2 ax +x+2

b x + x 20

c y 4y + 3

d t t 30
e x + 3x 4 f x 9 g y 7y + 10 h k 6k 40
3 a x + 2x + 1

b x + 6x + 9

c x 4x + 4

d x 10x + 25
4 a 3 + 4x + x b 6 + x x c 24 10x x d 28 + 3x x
5 a x , 3x, 2x, 6; x + 5x + 6

b The lengths of the sides are (x + 3) and (x + 2); (x + 3)(x + 2) = x + 5x + 6.

6 a x(x 4), 4(x 3), 3x, 12
b The lengths of the sides are (x + 4) and (x 3); (x + 4)(x 3) = x + x 12.
7 a 2x + 3x + 1 b 3x + 7x + 4 c 6x + 11x + 3 d 9y + 21y + 10
8 a 2x + 3x 2 b 2x 5x 3 c 3y 10y 8 d 2t + 3t 5
e 3x 7x + 2

f 4x + 4x 3 g 4y 12y + 5

h 6k k 12
9 a 4x + 4x + 1 b 4x 12x + 9 c 9x 6x + 1 d 16t + 40t + 25
10 a 1 + 3x + 2x
b 3 7x 6x
c 5 26x + 5x
d 9 12x + 4x
11 a x + 3xy + 2y b 2x + xy y c 6x xy y d 2x + 7xy 4y
e 9x + 6xy + y

f x 4xy + 4y

g x 4y

h 4x 15xy 4y
12 a (2x + 4) = 4x + 16x + 16 = 4(x + 4x + 4) and 4(x + 2) = 4(x + 4x + 4)
b 9(x + 2); (3x + 6) = 9x + 36x + 36 = 9(x + 4x + 4) and 9(x + 2) = 9(x + 4x + 4)
Challenge: Graphs of quadratics D The graph of y = x + 4x + 3 is x
A + 3 units higher than the graph of
x 0 1 2 3 4
(x + 1)(x + 3) 3 8 15 24 35 x + 3x.
x + 3x 0 4 10 18 28

B and C

eix=4 ii 64 cm

Exercise 8B
1 x + x 2x + 2x + 2x 4 = x + 3x 4
2 x + 5x + 4x 2x 10x 8 = x + 3x 6x 8
3 a x + 5x + 6 b x + 6x + 11x + 6
4 a x + 3x 4 b x + 5x + 2x 8
5 a x 4x + 3

b x 6x + 11x 6
6 a (x + 3)(x 3) = x 9; (x 9)(x + 1) = x + x 9x 9
b (x 3)(x + 1) = x 2x 3; (x 2x 3)(x + 3) = x + x 9x 9
7 a x + 5x x 5 b x + 3x 4x 12 c x 4x x + 4
8 a x + 2x + 1

b x + 3x + 3x + 1

c x + 6x + 12x + 8
d x 3x + 3x 1 e x 6x + 12x 8
9 a (x + 2)(x + 2)(x 2) b x + 2x 4x 8
10 a x + x x 1 b x 3x + 4 c x + x 8x 12

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11 a x + 5x + 8x + 4 b x4+ 6x + 13x + 12x + 4
Mathematical reasoning: A cuboid
A All of the opposite faces of a cuboid are parallel to each other, so opposite faces of any
cuboid are congruent. The dimensions of the shaded cuboid are 1, 2 and x. So the
volume is 2x.
B x, 2x, x, 3x, 3x, 6x, 6
C The total of all the volumes is equal to the product of the sides, which is
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3). Then (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) = x + 6x + 11x + 6, which is the total of
the expressions in A and B.
Exercise 8C
1 a (1, 18), (2, 9), (3, 6) b (x + 3)(x + 6) c (x + 2)(x + 9)
d (x + 1)(x + 18)
2 a (1, 20), (2, 10), (4, 5) b (x + 1)(x + 20) c (x + 4)(x + 5)
d (x + 2)(x + 10)
3 a (x + 1)(x + 2) b (x + 1)(x + 4) c (x + 3)(x + 3)
d (x + 1)(x + 10)
4 a (x + 3)(x + 7) b (x + 2)(x + 8) c (x + 1)(x + 9)
d (x + 4)(x + 6)
5 a (x + 1)(x + 12) b (x + 4)(x + 7) c (x + 2)(x + 16)
d (x + 2)(x + 12)
6 a (x + 2)(x + 2) b (x + 5)(x + 5) c (x + 7)(x + 7)
d (x + 10)(x + 10)
7 a x + 13x + 40 = (x + 8)(x + 5) b x + 12x + 32 = (x + 4)(x + 8)
c x + 12x + 35 = (x + 7)(x + 5) d x + 18x + 81 = (x + 9)
8 6 and 8
9 6 and 9
Investigation: Factor this
37, 20, 15, 13, 12
eix=4 ii 64 cm

Exercise 8D
1 a (1, 14), (2, 7), (1, 14), (2, 7) b (x + 7)(x 2)
c (x + 1)(x 14) d (x + 2)(x 7)
2 a (1, 18), (2, 9), (3, 6) b (x 3)(x 6)
c (x 1)(x 18) d (x 2)(x 9)
3 a (x 1)(x 2) b (x 2)(x 3) c (x 3)(x 4) d (x 2)(x 6)
e (x 4)(x 5) f (x 1)(x 20) g (x 2)(x 10) h (x 3)(x 5)
4 a (x + 2)(x 9) b (x 3)(x + 6) c (x 1)(x + 18) d (x + 3)(x 6)
5 a (x 1)(x + 11) b (x + 4)(x 7) c (x 4)(x + 5) d (x + 2)(x 13)
e (x 2)(x + 4) f (x + 3)(x 4) g (x 2)(x + 6) h (x + 5)(x 7)
6 a (x 2) b (x 5) c (x 6) d (x 8)
7 a x + 2x 15 = (x + 5)(x 3) b x 12x 28 = (x + 2)(x 14)
c x + 4x 12 = (x + 6)(x 2) d x 3x 18 = (x + 3)(x 6)
8 a a = 3 and b = 4
b The area of the unshaded region is x (x 7x + 12) = 7x 12.
9 a (x + 4)(x + 10) b (x + 4)(x 10) c (x 4)(x 10) d (x 4)(x + 10)
10 a (3 + x)(4 + x) b (4 x)(3 x) c (3 + x)(9 + x) d (3 x)(9 x)
Challenge: More factors
A 2(x + 3)(x + 4)

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B 2(x 4)(x + 5)
C 3(x 3)(x 2)
D 4(x 2)(x + 4)

Exercise 8E
1 a x 1 b y 9 c x 64 d t 225
2 a (x + 3)(x 3) b (x + 9)(x 9) c (y + 6)(y 6) d (y + 5)(y 5)
3 a (x + 7)(x 7) b (y + 10)(y 10) c (t + 12)(t 12) d (y + 8)(y 8)
4 a (x + 14)(x 14) b (x + 15)(x 15) c (d + 20)(d 20) d (n + 25)(n 25)
5 The area of the large square is b and the area of the small square is a.
The area remaining is b a2 = (b + a)(b a).
6 a (x + 2)(x 2) b (x + y)(x y) c (x + 2y)(x 2y) d (x + 3y)(x 3y)
e (2x + y)(2x y)
7 a 2(x + 5)(x 5) b 3(x + 3)(x 3) c 10(x + 10)(x 10) d 7(x + 1)(x 1)
e 2(2 + x)(2 x)
8 a (x + 2)(x 2) b cannot be done c x(x 4) d (x + 2)
e (x 2)
9 Yes, 4x 64 = 4(x 16) = 4(x + 4)(x 4).
Challenge: Without a calculator
A 5.23 4.23 = (5.23 4.23)(5.23 + 4.23) = 1 9.46
The area is 9.46 cm.
B a 83 82 = (83 82)(83 + 82) = 165
b 6.3 5.3 = (6.3 5.3)(6.3 + 5.3) = 11.6
c 243 242 = (243 242)(243 + 242) = 1 485 = 485
d 100.5 99.5 = (100.5 99.5)(100.5 + 99.5) = 1 200 = 200
C a 200
b 500
c 28.48
d 600
eix=4 ii 64 cm

Chapter 8: Answers to Review questions

1 a x + 9x + 18 b y + 3y 4 c x + 12x + 48x + 64
c t 7t 30 d y 21y + 108 7 a (x + 11)(x 11) b (y + 1)(y 1)
e x + 8x + 7 f x 49 c 2(t + 4)(t 4) d (p + q)(p q)
g y 11y 42 h w 12w + 36 e x(x + y)(x y)
2 a 4x + 4x + 1 b 3x + 5x 2 8 4013
c 4t 4t + 1 d 6p 13p 5 9 a x 4
e 6n + 23n + 7 f 5x + 6x 8 b 2x(x 2) + 2x(x + 2) + 2(x + 2)(x 2)
g 6y + 5y 6 h 5w 11w + 6 = 2x 4x + 2x + 4x + 2x 8
3 a x + 12x + 36 b x 12x + 36 = 6x 8
c 4x + 12x + 9 d 25x 10x + 1 c x(x 2)(x + 2) = x 4x
4 a x + 5x + 6 (x 5x + 6) = 10x 10 a By Pythagoras theorem, the side of
b 20x the inner square
5 a x 1 b x + x + 18 = x 2 + ( x + 2)2 = 2x 2 + 4 x + 4 .
c x 2x + 2x 4 Then the area of the inner square is
6 a x + 5x + 8x + 4 b x 2x 5x + 2x + 4x + 4 = 2(x + 2x + 2).
6 b The area of the outer square is

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 (2x + 2) = 4(x + 1) = 4(x + 2x + 1) b x(x 6) = 0 x = 6
4(x + 2x + 1) = 4(x + 2x + 2 1) The area of the triangle is
= 4(x + 2x + 2) 4. 1
2x (x 1) = x(x 1).
But the area of the inner square = 2(x + 2
2x + 2) is 74 cm. Then the area of the If x = 6, the area of the triangle is 30
outer square is 2 2(x + 2x + 2) 4 cm.
= 2 74 4 = 148 4. = 144 cm 12 By sketching the graph we can see that
it doesn't cut the x-axis so the equation
11 a by Pythagoras theorem, has no solutions.
(2x) + (x 1) = (2x + 1)
4x + x 2x + 1 = 4x + 4x + 1
x 6x = 0

Chapter 8: Answers to Challenge Graphs from expressions

1 a 5t(9 t)
b 40, 70, 90, 100, 100, 90
c

3 a total length of the edges is

4(12 2x) + 8x = 48 8x + 8x = 48
cm
b Volume = x(12 2x) = 2x(6 x)
c 10, 32, 54, 64, 50, 30.25
d
d 9 seconds e 101.25 m f 101 m
2 a 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9
b 12.5 seconds
c

d 24, 46, 66, 84, 100, 114, 126, 136

e 9 10 11 12 eix=4 ii 64
144 150 154 156
f 156.25 m
g

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Exercise 9A
1 a 6140 b 4.173 c 676 d 0.002 07 e 70 760 f 0.081 93
g 9.83 h 0.0085 i 0.00904
2 a 9600 b 430 c 703 600 d 30 e 43 070
3 a 837 000 b 72 000 c 50 670 000 d 690 e 17 004 000
4 a 7.38 b 0.064 c 70.31 d 0.802 e 45.67
5 a 0.0075 b 0.000 82 c 0.3063 d 0.004 09 e 0.8253
6 a 0.0308 b 0.0056 c 3.08 d 0.0007 e 0.514
7 a 0.0043 b 0.000 73 c 0.605 d 0.000 07 e 0.0418
8 a 480 b 0.0034 c 18 000 d 0.005 07 e 346 f 0.000 007
g 2.525 h 0.3562 i 0.042 57
9 a i 0.1 ii 0.01 iii 0.001 iv 0.0001
b i 0.81 ii 0.00082 iii 0.367 iv 0.53 v 0.0079 vi 0.003 25
10 0.0049 km
11 0.031 km
12 24
13 47
Activity: Prefixes
A a 15 milligrams b 7.5 megawatts c 750 nanolitres
B 1018
C 0.3 mm

Exercise 9B
1 a 7.4 101 b 2.38 102 c 5.43 101
d 6.01 103 e 8.4 101 f 4.3 106
g 7 101 h 8.7 103 i 7.3 102
j 8.5 107 k 5.243 103 l 7.0216 101
m 7.8 104 n 1.345 106 o 4.1 103
p 3.84 105
2 a 0.007 52 b 0.000 802 c 0.091
d 0.000 82 e 0.005 172 f 0.053
g 0.000 609 h 0.000 000 8761 i 0.000 0487
j 0.000 000 005 403 k 0.000 000 016 l 0.000 000 807
m 45 600 n 2 400 000 o 0.000 0853
p 41 800 000
3 a 4.9 103 b 1.96 106 c 1.69 106
d 2.5 109 e 2.25 102 f 2.89 108
g 1.44 104 h 6.4 107
4 a 8.36 107 b 9.44 101 c 5.835 105
d 3.47 102 e 7.23 104 f 4.11 102
g 8.598 107 h 1.96 105 i 7.85 106
5 a 1.67 1024 b 8.35 1023 c 1.002 1014

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6 a 300 mm b 0.12 mm
7 a 37.5 cm b 8 mm
Activity: Division strings
A 0.081 081 081 081, 0.008 100 810 081 008 100 810 081,
0.000 810 008 100 081, 0.000 081 000 081 000 081
B There will be 0.(the number of zeros is two less than the number of 1s)81 and all this
repeated recurring.
C 0.000 000 000 000 810 000 000 000 0081

Exercise 9C
1 a 1.5 106 b 4.2 108 c 7.2 108 d 2.1 104
7
e 2.4 10 f 2.8 102 g 1.56 101 h 3.9 103
i 2.43 103 j 3.75 105 k 7.8 102 l 2.5 107
10
2 a 1.89 10 b 2.117 108 c 1.998 1010 d 2.716 104
e 6.3 105 f 2.378 101 g 3.6188 104 h 2.0988 103
8
i 1.03823 10
3 a 1.8 1011 b 1.5 108 c 5.5 103 d 3.4 106
5
e 5.5 10 f 7.5 102 g 3.8 106 h 2.6 106
i 8 1011 j 4.7 107
11
4 2.55996 10
5 1.2 m
Investigation: Googolplex it
Pupils answers will vary.

Exercise 9D
1 a 3 104 b 7.5 102 c 2 101 d 3 105
5 9
e 5 10 f 1.2 10 g 9 107 h 4 108
i 1.6 105 j 5 102 k 7 107 l 3 103
4 2
2 a 4.5 10 b 4.05 10 c 2.8 105 d 3.4 102
e 8 109 f 6 109 g 7 104 h 8 105
2
i 2 10
3 a 5.61 104 b 1.37 103 c 1.32 104 d 2.92 102
11 9
e 5.98 10 f 2.88 10 g 6.23 1012 h 4.48 104
i 2.68 103 j 2.13 103
3
4 6.37 10
5 33
6 yes, measure your palm and divide by 2 102
7 2.54 107
Investigation: Tiny particles
Pupils answers will vary.

Exercise 9E
1 a 3425 b 2515 c 7565 d 30.529.5 e 2515
f 20.519.5 g 505495 h 50.549.5 i 1000.5999.5 j 40.539.5
2 a 405395 cm b 305295 cm c 14201380
3 a 9.5 9.5 cm b 10.5 10.5 cm c no
d No, he would need 665 if all the tiles were at the lower bound.

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4 no, can only guarantee 19.75 m.
5 Yes, 1850 ml is the least size of the jug and 1845 ml is the most in the jug.
6 no, could score as low as 242.5.
7 a 22.7513.75 cm b 21.2511.25 cm c 18.7597.75 cm
8 a 82.373 mph b 77.705 mph
9 a just under 1137.75 miles b 1062.75 miles
10 Upper bound for the area is 105 cm2, so the side length is 105 10.25 cm. Lower
bound for the area is 95 cm2, so for the side length it is 95 9.75 cm.
11 10.4089.608 cm
12 2.751.65 kg
13 no, hole size is 3.54.5 mm, rod size is 3.954.05 mm.
Activity: Bounds of area
1 402.8352.2 cm
2 219.1214.3 cm

Chapter 9: Answers to Review questions

1 2.9 105
2 a 40 b5
c No, since 3 12 = 36 and you can find the square root as 6.
3 a 4 103 b 8 103
4 a 9.1 104 years b 7.8
5 a 23 500 b just under 245 000
6 a 101.2994.618 b 1.15561.109 c 1.050.75 d 1.961.44
7 a 7.3 107 b 7.0 105

Chapter 9: Answers to Mathematical reasoning To the stars and back

1 1.439 109 km
2 a 9 years b almost 80,000 years c 2.8 105
13
3 5.6 10 km
4 8.14 1013 km
5 1.7 seconds

Exercise 10A
1 a 226 cm3 b 503 cm3 c 196 m3 d 106 m3 e 6.28 cm3
2 a 24 cm3 b 125 cm3 c 3 m3 d 3200 cm3 e 1.5 m3
3
3 1232 mm
4 a 11 310 cm3 b 8.5 l
3
5 a 14.1 cm b 273 g
6 2.3 m
7 9.2 cm
8 d = h = 10.8 cm
Problem solving: The volume of a cone
A 47.1 cm3
B 452 cm3
C 67.0 cm3

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Exercise 10B
1 a 452 cm2 b 18.8 m2 c 377 cm2 d 50.3 cm2 e 90.5 m2
2 2
2 a 151 cm b 410 cm c 22.6 m2 d 622 mm2 e 72.6 m2
3 a 216 cm2 b 110 cm2
4 The curved surface area is 2.5 m2.
5 6.2 cm
6 933 cm2
7 a 72 cm2 b 100 cm2 c 2 m2 d 1232 mm2
8 no, A = 56 cm and B = 42 cm
2 2

Problem solving: The surface area of a cone

A a 204 cm2 b 396 cm2
B a 75.4 cm2 b 283 cm2

Exercise 10C
1 4010 cm3
2 a 217 000 cm3 b 217 l
3
3 413 cm
4 a 1510 cm3 b 1040 cm2
5 a 286 cm3 b 478 cm2
6 a 0.503 cm 3
b 7.54 cm3 c 0.16 cm3 : 2.4 cm3 = 1 : 15
Problem solving: The Channel Tunnel
A 5 500 000 m3

Chapter 10: Answers to Review questions

1 a 226 cm3 b 151 cm2 c 207 cm2
2 expand: A = 2 r(h + r) = 2 rh + 2 r2 or factorise: A = 2 rh + 2 r2 = 2 r(h + r)
3 a 2100 cm3 b 2112 cm3 c 2199 cm3, so c has the greatest volume
4 a 12 b 4778 cm3 c 78.5%
5 a 0.5 cm b 21 cm2
6 22.1 cm
7 a 130 m3 b 312 tonnes

Chapter 10: Answers to Problem solving Packaging soup

1 a A: 332 cm3 B: 486 cm3 C: 603 cm3 D: 686 cm3
b A: 0.332 l B: 0.486 l C: 0.603 l D: 0.686 l
2
c A: 271 cm B: 348 cm2 C: 402 cm2 D: 490 cm2
d A: 3.7 cm3 B: 5.1 cm3 C: 5.5 cm3 D: 6.9 cm3
2 For A: a 20 cm by 26 cm by 19.5 cm b 10 140 cm3 c 78.6%
For B: a 22 cm by 30 cm by 22.5 cm b 14 850 cm3 c 78.5%
For C: a 24 cm by 32 cm by 24 cm b 18 432 cm3 c 78.5%
For D: a 28 cm by 28 cm by 21 cm b 16 464 cm3 c 100%
3 a 24 cm by 36 cm by 21.8 cm b 18 835.2 cm3 c 76.8%
d no, more wasted space inside the box
Hint: d = 6.9 cm (1 dp)

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Exercise 11A
1 a b c

d e f

2 a b c

d e f

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 g h i

j k l

3 a

b all parallel and cutting the axes at the number shown in the equation
c a line parallel to these and cutting axes at (2.5, 0) and (0, 2.5)
4 a
b i x = 0.75
ii x = 0.75 iii x = 2.5

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5 a
b i x = 2.25
ii x = 3.75
iii x = 0.75

Investigation: x y = a
A

B all parallel and cutting x axis at number shown, cutting y axis at minus the number shown
C parallel and cutting axes at (6.5, 0) and (0, 6.5)
D parallel but all at the other side of the origin

Exercise 11B
1 x = 2 and y = 6
2 x = 3 and y = 2
3 x = 5 and y = 4
4 x = 1.5 and y = 2.5
5 x = 2 and y = 5
6 x = 2.6 and y = 1.8
7 x = 0.6 and y = 4.8
8 x = 0 and y = 3

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Activity: Simultaneous equations at work
A 2
B Joel had 4.20; Hannah had 1.80.

Exercise 11C
1 a
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
x 9 4 1 0 1 4
2x -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
y = x + 3 0 -1 0 3 8
2x
b Check pupils drawings. c 2.7 and 0.7
2 a
x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
x 25 16 9 4 1 0 1
4x -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 0 4
y = x + 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5
4x
b Check pupils drawings. c 4.6 and 0.6
3 a Check pupils drawings. b i 1.6 and 0.6 ii 2.3 and 1.3 iii 1.8 and 0.8
4 a Check pupils drawings. b i 1.2 and 4.2 ii 0.6 and 3.6 iii 0.4 and 2.6
5 a Check pupils drawings. b i 3.4 and 1.4 ii 2.9 and 0.9 iii 3.8 and 1.8
6 a Check pupils drawings. b i 3.6 and 0.6 ii 2.8 and 0.2 iii 2.6 and 0.4
7 Check pupils drawings. 1.8 and 2.8
8 Check pupils drawing. 0.3 and 3.7
9 a Check pupils drawings. b i 23 ii 100 c 22 mm
10 Check pupils drawings. The graph never cuts through the x-axis so y never equals zero.
Challenge: A distancetime curve
A Check pupils drawings.
B 4.1 seconds
C 6.8 seconds
D d = 28t

Exercise 11D
1 a Check pupils drawings. b 1.7
2 a Check pupils drawings. b 2.65 and 0.6 and 3.25
3 a Check pupils drawings. b 1.7 and 0.5 and 2.2
4 a Check pupils drawings. b 5.3
5 Check pupils drawings. x = 1.2 and y = 2.8
6 a Check pupils drawings. b after 1.6 seconds
7 a Check pupils drawings. b x = 1 and x = 1
c One of the roots must also be a turning point.
8 a Check pupils drawings. b 5.1 cm
Investigation: What shape is my graph?
A B C

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Chapter 11: Answers to Review questions
1 a b

c d

2 x = 3.25 and y = 3.75

3 aix+y=9 ii x + y = 7 iii y = x iv y = x 7
b Find the coordinates of where the lines intersect; use these to help find the areas of
each triangle you surround the rectangle with to make a square. You will get 56 square
units as the area.
4 a Check students drawings.
b i 4.8 and 0.8 ii 4.2 and 0.2 iii 3.4 and 0.6
5 x = 1.4, y = 0.8 and x = 3.4, y = 15.2
6 a Check students drawings. b i 25 m ii 73 m c 71 km/h
7 a x = 1.7 and 0.3 and 3.1
b x = 1.8, y = 1.8 and x = 0, y = 0 and x = 2.8, y = 2.8
8 Draw the graph and if the graph doesnt cut through the x-axis then the value of y never
equals zero, hence there can be no solution.

Chapter 11: Answers to Challenge Maximum packages

1
A Yes
B No too long
C Yes
D No too heavy
E Yes
F No girth and length more than 3 m
G No too heavy
H No too long
I Yes
J Yes
2 A 18.99; C 14.99; E 19.79; I 14.99; J 21.39
3 a x = 60 cm b x = 25 cm c x = 30 cm
d x = 150 cm e x = 60 cm f x = 50 cm
4 a x = 120 cm b x = 40 cm c x = 80 cm d x = 50 cm
5 a d = 48 cm b d = 64 cm c d = 70 cm
6 a 150 cm b 112 cm c 80 cm
7 60 cm

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Exercise 12A
1 a 7.5 m/s b 12.5 km/h
2 a 1.6 km/minute b 96 km/h
3 a 6.6 m/s b 75 km/h c 640 km/h d 25.7 km/h
4 a 72 km b 60 km
c 16 km d 30.8 km
5 a 7.97 m/s b 8.05 m/s c 6.06 m/s
6 41.7 m
7 a 3600 m (3.6 km) b 337.5 km c 2392 km d 0.3 m
8 a 66.7 s (1 min 7s) b 40 s
c 25 s
9 a 3 h 20 minutes
b 3 h 5 21 minutes
c 11 h 6.67 minutes
10 a In 4 h the lorry travels
4 70 km = 280 km.
In 34 minutes, the lorry travels
70
60 34 km = 39.67 km.
280 km + 39.67 km 320 km
b
Speed 60 70 80 90 100
(km/h)
Time 5h 4h 4h 3h 3h
20 m 34 m 33 m 12 m
c 75 km/h
11 a 5 m/s = 300 m/minute = 18 000 m/h
18 000 m/h = 18 km/h
b 10 s
c
Speed (km/h) 9 18 36 90
Speed (m/s) 2.5 5 10 25
Time to travel 20 10 5 2
50 m (s)
d In all four examples, the figure for the speed in km/h is 3.6 times the figure for the
speed in m/s.
e In all four examples, when the figure for speed in km/h increases, the figure for the
time to travel 50 m reduces. For example, at 9 km/h the time to travel 50 m is 20 s, but
when the speed is doubled to 18 km/s the time to travel
50 m is halved to 10 s.
speed time is a constant (180)
12 a 112 km/h b 31 m/s c 3.2 s
13 14.7 s
14 She will cover the same distance in 31.5 minutes so she is 3.5 minutes faster.
Challenge: Marathon running
A Paula Radcliffe: 18.7 km/h
Wilson Kipsang: 20.5 km/h
B Paula Radcliffe: 3.2 minutes or
3 minutes 13 seconds

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 Wilson Kipsang: 2.9 minutes or
2 minutes 54 seconds
C Paula Radcliffe: 11.7 mph
Wilson Kipsang: 12.8 mp

Exercise 12B
1 a 2.48 litres/s b 40 s c 44.64 litres
2 a 0.6 litres/h b 10 minutes
3 a i 450 litres/minute ii 27 m/h b 2 minutes 13 s
4 a 588 litres b 30 660 litres
5 a 0.23g/cm b 1.25g/cm c 0.46g/cm
6 a 6.25 cm b 3.84 g
7 a 0.75tonnes (750 kg) b 333.3 cm c 8.437 kg
8 362 pencils
9 a 2.7 g/cm
b Multiply the kg figure by 1000 to convert it to grams. Divide the result by 1000 000 to
convert the density to grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm). By cancelling some of the
zeros in 1000 and 1000 000, this can be shortened to 'divide the kg figure by 1000'.
10 a 9 g/cm b 13.1 cm c 386 g
11 a 1.19 g/cm b 65.2 g c 12 940 cm
12 a 127 388.5 cm = 0.13 m b 126.82 kg c 16155.41 cm = 0.016 m
13 a 252.8 g b 21.1g
Investigation: Air
Pupils own answers

Exercise 12C
1 a 37.2p per 100 g b 269g
2 a 0.24p/g b 4.26 g/p
3 a Gina 43.3 p/100g, Marco 40p/100g
b Gina 231 g for 1, Marco 250 g for 1
c Marco got better value because he paid only 40p/100 g compared to 43.3 p/100 g.
4 The one kilogram basket is better value (125p/100 g) compared to 130 p/100 g for the
150 g punnet.
5 The pack of four is better value (87p/100 g) compared to 103 p/100 g for the 160 g can.
6 The tube is better value (51p/100 g) compared to 60p/100 g for the 200 g jar.
7 a Asparagus costs about 90 p per 100 g.
b 9 per kilogram
8 Lily got the best value (26 p/100 g) compared to 28 p/100 g for Ben and 30 p/100 g for
Nathan.
9 The 735 g pack is cheaper (1.2 p/g) compared to 1.3 p/g for the 530 g pack.
10 The 435 g can is better value (37 p/100 g) compared to 40 p/100 g for the 225 g can.
11 86 p for 1 litre.
12 a 3.15 b 1.89
13 The reduction is 21.25 p/100 g.
14 a 2.18 b 5.67
15 The large pot has a mass greater than 406 g.
16 The smaller pack will have a mass less than 177 g.

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Mathematical reasoning: Selling cereal
The price of the 575g pack is 0.52 p/g. Using this price as a guide, the price of the 825 g
pack should be less than 4.29 (825 0.52).

Chapter 12: Answers to Review questions

1 a 7.5 km/h b 8 minutes 6 a 0.33 l/s b 1.2 m/h
2 a 2272 km b 45 minutes 7 120 kg
3 90 km/h 8 a 8 minutes b 20% decrease
4 10.44 m/s 9 a 8.2 g/cm b 8200 kg/m
5 a 10 22.4 kg
Minutes Distance travelled (km) 11 240 kg
10 22.5 12 9.23/kg
20 45
13 The petrol at the Aggro petrol station is
better value (129 p/litre) compared to
30 67.5
132 p/litre at Gofast.
40 90
14 a 59.16 b 21 s (20.9)
50 112.5
15 16 p/100 g
b d = 2.25 t
c 24 minutes

Chapter 12: Answers to Challenge Population density

1 a 14% b 12%
2 population density of Sweden is 5
10 000 000
410 000 = 24 people /km
population density of Germany is
81000 000
360 000 = 225 people /km
The population density of Germany is
more than 9 times that of Sweden
(9 24 = 216, which is less than 225).
3
Country Population density
Persons/km
Belgium 355
Finland 17
France 119
Greece 85
Ireland 71
Italy 200
Netherlands 500
Poland 126
Portugal 120
Spain 94
United Kingdom 267
4 a most crowded is the Netherlands
b least crowded is Finland

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 population
6 The gradient is area
. The cross for the UK is located using population and area.
7 a Singapore, 7714 persons/km, Australia, 3 persons/km
b Singapore would be nearer the vertical axis because it has a very small land area.
c Australia would be nearer the horizontal axis because of its high land area.
8 a 136 600 000 people
b 1 210 454 km

Exercise 13A
1-4 pupils own work
5 All the values are the same for each of the last 3 columns.
6 yes
7 a pupils own work
opp
b matches the value in hyp column
c pupils own work
adj
d matches the value in hyp column
opp
f matches the value in adj column
g yes
opp adj opp
h sin = hyp , cos = hyp , tan = adj

Exercise 13B
1
opp adj hyp
a A2 A3 A1
b B2 B1 B3
c C2 C1 C3
d D1 D3 D2
e E1 E2 E3
f F3 F2 F1
5 12
2 a given in Pupil Book b 13 5
, 13 , 12 c 35 , 54 , 34
3
a b c d e f
Sin 18 40 24 48 48 72
30 50 26 52 60 75
Cos 24 30 10 20 36 21
30 50 26 52 60 75
tan 18 40 24 48 48 72
24 30 10 20 36 21

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4 a given in Pupil Book b sin x = 58 7
c cos x = 11
d tan x = 79 7
e tan x = 12 8
f tan x = 14

5 a b c d

e f g h

6 a i 10
24 ii 10
26 iii 24
26
24
b i 10 ii 24
26 iii 10
26
c i equal ii equal
d the inverse of each other

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9

Investigation: Cosine, tangent and sine of an angle

1
A use Pythagoras to show opposite = 3 , hence tan 60 = 3 and so tan 30 = 3

B 3
2

Exercise 13C
1 a 45.8 b 13.8 c 31.4 d 38.5 e 16.5 f 23.8 g 51.3 h 75.9
2 a 36.9 b 38.7 c 42.2 d 65.1 e 72.9 f 43.7 g 79.8 h 32.7
3 a 57.4 b 36.3 c 76.6 d 57.2 e 75.6 f 77.6 g 22.8 h 36.5
4 a 56.4 b 62.7 c 12.8 d 24.6 e 16.6 f 23.6 g 54.9 h 50.3
5 a 41.2 b 55.0 c 60.9 d 15.9 e 14.9 f 48.4 g 28.6 h 69.4
6 a 51.3 b 61.9 c 77.2 d 69.1 e 42.5 f 38.9 g 35.1 h 63.9
7 a 33.7 b 61.0 c 32.2 d 33.1
8 a 56.3 b 46.2 c 34.4 d 41.9
9 a 52.8 b 41.5 c 35.2 d 51.1
10 a 40.1 b 45.1 c 47.1 d 56.8 e 21.3 f 54.5 g 47.2 h 31.5
11 23.6
12 a isosceles b from the point to the middle of the base line c 68.0
13 41.4
Investigation: Squares of sine and cosine
AC pupils own work
D The sum is always equal to 1 or very close.
E yes

Exercise 13D
1 a 9.6 cm b 5.2 cm c 14.8 cm d 4.2 cm
2 a 5.1 cm b 4.5 cm c 6.6 cm d 5.5 cm
3 a 29.7 cm b 6.9 cm c 4.6 cm d 7.0 cm
4 a 12.9 cm b 6.5 cm c 11.0 cm d 6.7 cm
e 3.9 cm f 12.0 cm g 8.6 cm h 1.1 cm
5 25.4 m
6 2.7 m
7 178 m
8 because 90, 45, 45 is an isosceles triangle where opposite = adjacent

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9 a 5.66 cm b 56.6 cm2
Investigation: Ratio relations
A Pupils own work
sin x
B tan x = cos x
C yes

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Chapter 13: Answers to Review questions
1

2 a 13.6 b 39.7 c 51.3 d 41.5 e 30.7 f 28.5 g 37.9 h 51.6

12
3 13
4 a 140 km b 105 km
5 90 m or 140 m (either side of Chris)
6 43.3 cm2
7 a 28.8 cm2 b 62.4 cm2
8 Pythagoras theorem can be used to find the other side and trigonometry can be used to
find the angles.
Chapter 13: Answers to Investigation Barnes Wallis and the bouncing bomb
The converging lights
1 Check pupils sketches.
2 49.6
3 54.7
4 70.7
The bomb sights
5 31.3
6 16.8 cm

Exercise 14A
14 7 7
1 a 18 b 18 c 20
2 Check pupils methods.
10% of 480 = 48
10% of 480 = 48
5% of 480 = 24
1% of 480 = 4.8
1% of 480 = 4.8
1% of 480 = 4.8
1
% of 480 = 2.4
2
28.5% of 480 = 136.8
3 42.60
4 a 567 000 b 552 000 c 2.1%
5 a 18.5% b 43.7% c premium at 97p per litre
6 a i 0.08 ii 2000 b answer is 389.7; estimates around 400
7 11 stone
8 20
9 a 660 b 510 c 242.76 d 6 days

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10 a 45 0.85 0.9 b 1.13
11 a always even b always an integer
12 a 16.52117486 b 16.5 cm2

Exercise 14B
1 17 litter bins
2 18
3 a 14.4 b 90 c 0.06
4 a 15 b 56 175 c 80.25
5 a 52 mph b 4 hours and 40 minutes
6 a 400 kg b 8 bags
7 347 tickets
8 aa=4 bb=8 cc=3
9
9 a5 b (2) and 8 c 44
6 2
d (1), (2)6, 8 and 59
10 1 : 4
11 a iii 32 103 is larger than 33 102
b 3.6 103 and 36 102 = 3600; 360 102 and 0.36 105 = 36 000
c 54 103 and 0.54 101 = 0.054
12 a 1 106 b 5 104
13 a 37 600 000 or 3.76 107 b 4.66 109 c 2.24 107

Exercise 14C
1 a n 4
4
n n2
n
4
4 16
b n n2 + 8n + 16
2 a 4x 20 b11x + 3 c 5x + 2
d 17x + 16 e 5x + 22 f 3 + 2x
3 a i 21 ii 10 iii 50
biz = 3 ii z = 22 iii z = 1
4 a 6x + 3 = 12 x = 1.5 b 3y 6 = y + 7 y = 6.5
5 a x = 1.5 b x = 2 c x = 0.5
6 a i 6a + 12b = 45 ii 4b 2c = 26 iii 2a + 2c = 11
b i 3(x + 2y) ii x(1 + x) iii 2a(3 + 2b)
7 a 2n + 4 b n + 6 c n + 2 d 3n 1
8 a 3(4x 6) and 6(2x 3) b 6(y 2) c 3y(3y 2)
2 2 2
9 ai3 ii 8 b 3x y c i x 24 ii 9y + 2x
2n 4 9 16
10 a 2n 3 b 5 10 17
5
11 a y = 7 b y = 2 c y = 0, y = 4
12 a x2 8x + 16 b x2 + x 20 c 12x2 5x 2
13 z = 2

Exercise 14D
1 a ii (6, 0) and iv (1, 7) b

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2 a true, because there is positive correlation between both
and the year number, on the graphs
b cannot tell, insufficient evidence
c cannot tell, insufficient evidence
3 a

b 13.5 square units

4 a A and E or B and F: They both have the same x-coefficient.
b C and D: Each is parallel to a different axis.
c A and F : They both have the same y-intercept.
d A and B: The point (1, 1) satisfies both line equations.

5 a and b

c (3, 5)
6 a y = 2 b 2x + y = 0 c y = 1 and x = 0.5
7 a 9:30 b 149 kph
8 a Co-ordinates (6, 1), (4, 2), (2, 3) all prove that the equation of line A is x + 2y = 8.
b B is x + y = 6.
9 Draw on the graph the line y = 2. The solutions to x 4 = 2 are the same as the
solutions to x = 6.

Chapter 14: Answers to Revision questions

Exercise 14E
1 a = 54, b = 82 and c = 152
2 27.5 cm2
3 a 80 kilometres
b No, because 100 kph is about 63 mph.
c About 95 miles 100 km is about 63 miles and 50 km is about 32 miles; add the two
and you get 95 miles.

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4 a a = 39, b = 39, c = 43
b BE is parallel to AD because they both have an angle of 82. (Other explanations are
possible.)
5 a

b The two shapes are similar.

6 a 325 cm3 b 27 cm2
7 x = 18 cm, y = 10 cm
8 a 288 cm2 b4 c 16 : 1
9 a Check pupils triangles. b 82
10 l = 40 cm
11 a 6.3 cm b y = 5.7 cm
12 x = 15 cm and y = 34
13 a area = 33.5 cm2 and perimeter = 24.4 cm b r = 4.09 cm

Exercise 14F
1 numbers in a ratio of 2 : 1, so 2 red : 1 blue, 4 red : 2 blue, 6 red : 3 blue, etc
2 a range = 6 b median = 5
c i False, this does not change the range. ii False, this does not change the median.
iii True, the mean mark has increased slightly from 5.666 to 5.888.
3 0.3
4 a 3x b 3x + 1
5 a The mileage is higher on lower value cars. There is a negative correlation.
b about 50%
c about 30 000 miles
6 a 30 b The mean is 4.9.
7 4 minutes
8 a 56 b 30 c 34%

Chapter 14: Answers to GCSE preparation: solving quadratic equations

Exercise 14G
1 a x = 1, 1 b x = 2, 5 c x = 3, 6 d x = 4, 3 e x = 2, 7
f x = 3, 8 g x = 1, 8 h x = 3 ix= 4
2 a x = 2, 1 b x = 6, 5 c x = 4, 2
d x = 2, 3 e x = 2, 5 f x = 1, 4
g x = 5 hx=4 i x = 3, 5
j x = 5, 3 k x = 4, 6 l x = 2, 3
m x = 1, 9 n x = 3, 6 o x = 1

Exercise 14H
1 a 2x2 + 11x + 5 b 3x2 + 9x 12 c 4x2 18x +20
d 6x2 15x 21 e 4x2 + 24x + 36 f 9x2 24x + 16
g 6x2 22x 8 h 8x2 + 10x 3 i 4x2 1
2 a (x + 3)(2x + 1) b (2x + 5)(x + 2) c (x + 4)(3x + 1)
d (2x + 1)(x 1) e (2x + 1)(3x + 2) f (2x + 3)(x 2)

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 g (2x 3)(x + 3) h (2x + 1)(2x + 1) i (4x 1)(x + 2)
j (x + 2)(5x + 1) k (3x 1)(x + 1) l (2x + 1)(4x + 1)
m (3x + 1)(x 2) n (3x 1)(2x + 1) o (4x + 1)(x 3)
p (2x 3)(2x + 5) q (2x + 5)(x 7) r (2x + 5)(x 5)
s (3x 1)(x + 5) t (3x + 1)(3x + 1) u (5x 1)(2x + 3)

Chapter 14: Answers to GCSE-type questions

1 2
1 a 3 b 3
31
2 35
3 a reflection in the y-axis
b rotation 270 clockwise about (0, 0) or 90 anticlockwise about o
c reflection in the line x + y = 0
4 a

b negative correlation c pupils own line of best fit d 20 C

e around 1100 m depending on the pupil's line of best fit
5 x2 2x 15
6 2n + 1
7 a 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 2 3 b 144
8 a 64 b alternate angle formed by transversal and parallel lines

9 a
x 0 1 2 3 4
1
y 6 2 0 0 2 6

b 3.3, 0.3
10 3.8 4 times
11 a 4.8 104 b 0.0532
12 240.33 cm2

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13 50.75 cm2
14 (x 1)(x + 4); x = 1, x = 4
15 because its graph does not cross the x-axis
16 Draw up a table of values, plot the points and find the values of x where the curve cuts
the x-axis.
17 Andrew is correct. The graph does not cross the x-axis.
18 a The area is 3(4x 2) + 2x(3x 1) = 12x 6 + 6x2 2x = 6x2 + 10x 6.
But the area is 38 cm2 so 6x2 + 10x 6 = 38 6x2 + 10x 44 = 0.
11
b x = 2 (ignoring the negative 3 )

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