Inspection of the systems

1. Inspection of the systems is based on the system diagrams which have

to be Class approved.

In addition is necessary an Engine room arrangements, list of components, and

specification of type and maker for information.

The pipe diagrams include:

Pipes outside diameter, wall thickness,

Material used for pipes
Pumps type and capacity
Design temperature and pressure if exceeding limits for pipes class III
Hydrostatic test pressure after installation on board.

2. Materials

-Plastic pipes are used according rules . All those have to be tested and
approved specification .

Pipes are made of electrical insulation and not accepted in hazard aria .

Installation and inspection to be made according a installation manual. that

means clamped pipes , control end, face diameter, storage temperature , glue
application .

-Stainless steel in seawater systems has to be AISI316 L and similar steel

has corrosion, pitting.

The same problems occur when temperature is over 25 grad C . System of

stainless steel pipes has to be fresh water flushed , and proper drain .

Materials 316 are to have at least 2.5 % Mo .

3. Design principle:

Operation of valves specifies that remotely controlled valves failure in power

supply shall not cause :

- Opening of closed valves

- Closing of open valves on fuel tanks and cooling water system for
propulsion and power generating machine.
Power supply is both power and servo/signal power. Intension is to prevent
uncontrolled movements of tanks, contents, accidentally flooding of ER, and
shutdown of propulsion and power generating machinery.

Some examples :

-For air driven actuators with double working magnet valves neither loss of air
nor loss of power to the magnet will cause the valve to move from its position

-For systems with only direct pneumatic closing of valves loss of air should not
cause the valve from its position

-For hydraulic actuators with hydraulic unit , loss of hydraulic oil locally at the
valve should not cause the valve to move from position

In this case :

Sea suction valves and discharge valves located in dry compartiments , ,bilge
valves , and valves on fuel and lub, oil tanks will be arranged with local manual
control ,means to observe the valve position .

In case of additional remote control is arranged over the manual operation from
remote control shall be simple to execute.

Remotely controlled valves shall be provided with indication for open and closed
valve position at the remote control station. The indication is additional to the
indication required locally at the valve .

The purpose of remote operation is to allow adequate time for crew to reach and
operate such control in case of flooding.

4. Ship piping system

General

Survey of the air pipes should be carried out with hydraulic test of the tanks. Air
pipes, overflow and sounding pipes shall be made of steel or other approved
materials .

a)Air pipes

All tanks , cofferdams and pipe tunnels hall be fitted with air pipes . For small
voids without pipes installation this rule can be waived.

A broken pipe not directly lead to risk of sea /rainwater ingress. This is solved by
letting the service and settling tank breathe through the common venting of the
overflow tank, or a drain pot in air pipe.

b) Overflow systems
This system prevent pollution by overfilling tanks . The overflow main has to be
located above the damage waterline , each tank is connected to the overflow
main line with a loop that extend above the damaged waterline.

c) Sounding systems

All tanks, cofferdams, pipe tunnels and other spaces not always accessible shall
be fitted with sounding pipes to detect the liquid level .

For tanks containing flammable liquids it is accepted to terminate the sounding

pipe in machinery space if some conditions are fulfilled.

Remote sounding system of approved type may replace sounding pipe or gauges.

d)Bilge system

All power pumps which are essential for bilge service shall be of self priming type
. Cooling water pumps having emergency bilge suction not to be self-priming
type.

e)Survey

The surveyor has to verify that the required non comunication between
compartments and between sea and dry compartments has been properly
complied . Where the bilge pipes pass double bottom tanks the pipes shall be
tested after fitting by hydraulic pressure to the some pressure as the tank wich
they pass.

Bilge valves , cocks and mud boxes shall be fitted at or above the machinery
spaces and tunnel platforms. Also platforms and traps shall be fitted with labels
indicators.

5. Machinery piping system

a)Fuel oil supply

For fuel oil supply insulation has to be made in case of multi engine plants. The
insulation should not affect other engines and should be not rendered
inaccessible by a fire on any of the engines. This implies that valves have to be
placed in a certain distance from engine or have remote operation.

b)Thermal oil

All pipes should be fitted well away of hot spots and any oil pipes crossing above
machinery shall be without flange. Flange connection should be limited only to
pumps. The system consist of a primary and a secondary system. The primary
and secondary are completely divided by means of a heat exchanger and
separate expansion tanks and pumps .

It is important that all possible source of leaking may occur are shielded and drip
tray with drain mounted .

6. Pipes , pumps, valves , flexible hoses and detachable pipe

connections .

Pumps listed have to be delivered with Class certificate, Works certificates,

(material of pomp housing for Class I piping system). Relief pumps shall be tested
where the pump is capable of developing a pressure exceeding the design
pressure of the system .

Valves are subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 1,5 x design pressure . For ship
side valves the test pressure should be minim 5 bar .

Certificates should be with certificates :

- Ship side valves with diameter larger than 100 mm

- Valves with diameter larger than 100 mm and a design pressure above 16
bar .

Short lengths of flexible of approved type may be used where necessary to

accommodate relative movement between various items of machinery
connected to permanent piping system .

Detachable pipe connections should be made by flange connection and pipe

coupling other than flange connection .

Flanges

There are according rules by material as plates , forged or cast steel . Attachment
to the pipe should be made by screwing, expanding, welding. Pressure and
temperature are important for the gasket characteristics, also medium of gasket
act.

The rules requirements are applicable for pipe union, compression couplings and
slip on joint .

Compression joints
Bite and compression type coupling with brazing and welding cones may be used
for pipes with outlet diameter 61mm and less in Class I and II (no limit class III)

Sleeve couplings (slip on joint )

There are specific arias where those type can be used . Sleeve couplings shall not
be installed in cargo holds, tanks , and spaces are not easy accessible . Slide type
shall be used where compensation of lateral pipes is necessary.

Threaded couplings

Slip on threaded joints may be used not for toxic or flammable media ,severe
corrosion .

Socket welded and slip on sleeve welded joints

This type connection should be used for Class I and II pipes systems with outer
diameter of 88,9 mm and less (no limit Class III)

For heating coils in tanks sleep on sleeve and welded socket joint may be
accepted independent of pressure , temperature and pipe diameter.

Expansion elements

Pipes on board shall accommodate movements caused by thermal expansion,

hull deflection, dynamic and static . Hull deflection of the ship during sea
conditions may affect the piping more than the effect of thermal movements,
particularly for pipes fitted on deck and near bottom.

Those movements must be absorbed by expansion elements ,slide joints or

bends. Using expansion joints and bellows shall be restricted as far as practical.

The pipeline in which an expansion joint is used should be adequately adjusted,

aligned and clamped .

Slide type expansion joints

Those type can be delivered with ears for anchoring and supporting pipes . The
middle ring has a location or stopper bolt fitted in order to secure the middle ring
in center between the end pipe . To use this type in following situations :

Deck wash lines , sanitary pipes , ballast lines , cargo lines, fuel oil transfer
pipes , air pipes in ER , compressed air , inert gas lines .

Expansion bellows of metallic material

The bellow may consist of one or more plies made of stainless steel or nickel alloy
.The installation of expansion bellows should be carefully pre- planned and
thorough analyze of magnitude and direction of all possible movements shall be
performed .

The total movement must include also the movement of the ship , attached
components, and possible misalignments. Expansion bellows should be
supported on each side as close as possible to the bellow , preferable 500 mm,
one of these shall be a fix point .

For the risk of pitting corrosion use in sea water should be avoided for stainless
steel .

Rubber bellows are normaly made by Nitrile or Neopren , reinforced with cord or
steel wire braids.

Such bellows are used in vibration arias or flexible mounting of machinery , in

general for cooling water systems . Indication in drawings has to be submitted for
approval .
7.Supporting and clamping of pipes.