SYLLABUS

MCA - Ist Year

 CONTENTS
MCA - Ist Year
Semester-I
Paper-I : Computer Organisation & Architecture
Paper-II : Mathematical Foundation
Paper-III : Programming in C
Paper-IV : Operating System
Paper-V : Accounting and Financial Management

Semester-II
Paper-I : System Analysis and Designing
Paper-II : Data Structure & Application
Paper-III : Numerical Computation and Statistical Methods
Paper-IV : Business Data Processing
Paper-V : Object Oriented Programming Analysis and Designing

M.C.A. - Ist Sem.

Paper - I
Computer Organisation and Architecture
UNIT -I
Representation of Information: Number systems, integer and floating-point
representation, character codes (ASCII, EBCDIC), Error detection and correction codes.
Basic Building Blocks: Boolean Algebra, combinational blocks: gates, multiplexes, decoders.
UNIT -II
Sequential building blocks: flip-flops, registers, counters, ALU, Random access memory
etc.Register Transfer Language and Micro-operations: concept of bus, data movement
among registers, a language to represent conditional data transfer, data movement from/to
memory, arithmetic and logical operations Along with register transfer, timing in register
transfer.
UNIT -III
Architecture of a simple processor: A simple computer organization and instruction set,
instruction formats, addressing modes, instruction execution in terms of microinstructions.
UNIT - IV
Concepts of interrupt and simple I/O organization, implementation of processor using the
building blocks.
UNIT -V
Memory organization: basic cell of static and dynamic RAM, Building large memories
using chips, Associative memory, cache memory organization, virtual memory organization.
Paper - II
Mathematical Foundation
UNIT-I
Set Theory : Introduction, Sets and Elements, Universal Set and Empty Set, Subsets, Venn
Diagram, Set Operations, Algebra of Sets and Duality, Defnite Sets, Counting Principle,
Classes of Sets, Power Sets, Partitions, Mathematical Induction.
Relations : Introduction, Product Sets, Relations Pictorial Representations of Relations,
Compostition of Relations, Types of Relations, Closure Properties, Equivalence Relations,
Partial Ordering Relations, n-ary Relations.
Functions and Algorithms : Introduction, Functions, One-to-One Onto and Invertible
Functions, Mathematical Funcations, Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Sequences,
Indexed Classes of Sets, Recursively Defined Functions, cardinality, Algorithms and
Functions, Complexity of Algorithms.
Logic and Propositional Calculus : Introduction, Propositions and Compound Propostions,
Basic Logical Operations, Propositions and Truth Tables, Tautologies and Contradictions,
Logical Equivalence, Algebra of Propositions, Conditinal and Biconditional Statements,
Arguments, Logical Implication, Propositional Functions, Quantifiers, Negation of Quantified
Statements.
UNIT-II
Vectors and Matrices : Introduction, Vectors, Matrices, Matrix Additions and Scalar
Multiplication, Matrix Multiplication, Transpose, Squqre Matrices Invertible (Nonsingular)
Matrices, Inverses, Determinants, Elementary Row Operations, Gaussian Elimination,
Boolean (Zero-One) Matrices.
Counting : Introduction, Basic Counting Principles, Factorial Notation Binomial
Coefficients. Permutations, Combinations, The Pigeonhole Principle, The
Inclusion-Exclusion Principle, Ordered and Unordered Partitions.
Probability Theory : Introduction, Sample Space and Events, Finite Probability Spaces,
Conditional Probability, Independent Events, Independent Repeated Trials, Binomial
Distribution, Random Variables.
UNIT-III
Graph Theory : Introduction, Graphas and Multigraphs, Subgraphs, Isomorphic and
Homeomorphic Graphs, Paths, Connectivity, The Bridges of Konigsberg, Traversable
Multigraphs, Labeled and Weighted Graphs, Complete, Regular and Bipartite Graphs, Tree
Graphs, Planar Graphs, Graph Colorings, Representing Graphs in Computer Memory, Graph
Algorithms.
Directed Graphs : Introduction, Directed Graphs, Basic Definitions, Rooted Trees
Sequential Representation of Directed Graphs, Warshall's Algorithm, Shortest Paths, Linked
Representation of Directed Graphs, Graph Algorithms Depth-First and Breadth-First Searchs,
Directed Cycle-Free Graphs, Topological Sort, Pruning Algorithm for Shortest Path.
Binary Trees : Introduction Binary Trees, Complete and extended Binary Trees,
Representing Binary Trees in Memory, Traversing Binary Trees, Binary Search trees, Priority
Queues, Heaps, Path Lenths, Huffmans's Algorithm, General (Ordered Rooted) Trees
Revisited.
UNIT-IV
Properties of the integers : Introduction, Order and Inequqlities, Absolute value,
Mathematical Induction, Division Algorithm, Divisibilty, Primes, Greatest Common Divisor,
Euclidean Algoritm, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Congruence Relation, Congruence
Equation.
Algebric Systems : Introduction, Operations Semigroups, Groups, Subgroups, Normal
Subgroups, and Homomorphism, Rings, Integral Domains, and Filelds, Polynomials over a
Field.
UNIT-V
Languages, Grammars Machines : Introduction, Alphabet, Words, Free Semigroup,
Languages, Regular Expresssions, Regular Languages, Fininte State Automata, Grammars,
Finite State Machines, Godel Numbers, Turing Machines, Computable, Functions.
Ordered sets and Lattices : Introduction, Ordered sets, Hasse of Diagrams of Partially
Ordered Sets, Consistent Enumeration, Supremum and Infimum, Isomorphic (Similar)
Ordered Sets, Well-ordered Sets, Lattices, Bounded Lattices, Distributive Lattices,
Complemented Lattices.
Boolean Algebra : Introduction, Basic Definitions, Duality, Basic, Theorems, Boolean
Algebras as Lattices, Representation, Theorem, Sum-of-Products Form for Sets,
Sum-of-Products, Form for Boolean Algebras, Minimal Boolean Expressions, Prime
Implicants, Logic Gates and Circuits, Truth Tables, Boolean Functions, Krnaugh Maps.
Paper - III
Programming in C
UNIT-I
Getting Started : Historical Development of C, Getting Started with C, Constants, Variables
and Keywords, Types of C Constants, C Keywords, C Instructions, Type Declaration
Instruction, Arithmetic Instruction, Integer and Float Conversions, Type Conversion in
Assignment, Hierarchy of Operations, Control Instruction in C.
UNIT-II
The Decision Control Structure : The if Statement, Multiple Statements within if The
if-else Statement Nested if-elses, Forms of if, Use of Logical Operators, The else if Clause,
The! Operator, Hierarchy of Logical Operators, The Conditional Operators.
The Loop Control Structure : Loops The while Loop, More Operators, The for Loop
Nesting of Loops, The Odd Loop, The break Statement, The continue Statement, The
do-while Loop.
UNIT-III
Functions : What is a Function, Use Functions, Passing Values between Functions, Scope
Rule of Functions, Calling Convention, One Dicey Issue, Advanced Features of Functions,
Function Declaration and Prototypes, Call by Value and Call by Reference, An Introduction
to Pointers, Pointer Notation, Back to Function Calls, Recursion.
Data Types Revisited : Integers, long and short, Integers, signed and unsigned Chars, signed
and unsigned, Floats and Doubles, Storage Clasases in C, Automatic Storage Class, Register
Storage Class, Static Storage Class, External Storage Class, Which to Use When.
UNIT-IV
Arrays : What are Arrays, Array Initialization, Bounds Checking, Passing Array Elements to
A Function, Pointers and Arrays, Passing an Entire Array to a Function, More Than One
Dimension, Initializing A 2-Dimensional Arrays Pointer to an Arrya, Passing 2-D array to A
Function, Array of Pointers, Three Dimensional Array.
Puppetting on Strings : What are String, Pointers and String, Standard Library String
Functions, Two-Dimensional Array of Characters, Array of Pointers to Strings, Limitation of
Array of Pointers to Strings.
UNIT-V
Structures : Declaring A Structure, Accessing Structure Elements, Array of Structures,
Additional Features of Structures, Uses of Structures.
Input/Output in C : Types of I/O, Console I/O Functions, Formatted Console I/O Functions,
Unformatted Console I/O Functions, Disk I/O Functions, File Opening Modes, A File-copy
Program, A Closer Look at fclose(), Using argc and argv, String (line) I/O in Files, The
Awkward Newline, Formatted Disk I/O Functions, Standard DOS Devices, Text Mode versus
Binary Mode, Record I/O in Files, Detecting Errors in Reading/Writing, Low Level Disk I/O,
A Low Level File-copy Program, I/O Redirection.

Paper - IV
Operating System
UNIT-I
Introduction : What is an Operating System, Operating System Concepts, System Calls,
Operating System Structure.
UNIT-II
Processes : Introduction to Processes, Interprocess Communication, Classical IPC Problems,
Process Scheduling, Overview of Processes in Minix, Implementation of Process in Minix.
UNIT-III
Input/Output : Principles of I/O Hardware, Deadlocks, Overview of I/O in Minix, Block
Devices in Minix, Ram Disks, Terminals, The Systems Task in Minix.
UNIT-IV
Memory Management : Swapping, Virtual Memory, Page Replacement Algorithms, Design
Issues for Paging Systems, Segmentation, Overview of Memory Management in Minix,
Implementation of Memory Management in Minix.
UNIT-V
File Systems : Directories, File System Implementation, Security, Protection Mechanisms,
Overview of The Minix File System, Implementation of The Minix File System.
Paper - V
Accounting and Financial Management
UNIT-I
An introducton to management accounting : Objectives, The two cost and management
accounting systems, The elements of cost, The classification of costs, What is management
accounting?, Costs for decision making.
Materials : Objectives, The valuation of materials, Materials Management.
Labour : Objectives Payroll analysis, Incentive Schemes, The cost of labour turnover.
UNIT-II
Absorption costing : Objectives, The aim of absorption costing, Overheads, Cost centres,
Overhead absorption, The limitations of absorption costing.
Marginal costing and breakeven analysis : Objectives, Marginal costing, Breakeven
analysis.
Absorption costing v marginal costing : Objectives, Absorption costing, Marginal costing,
The effects on profits and stock valuation.
UNIT-III
Budgeting and budgetary control : Objectives, Introduction the household budget,
Principles, Practical considerations, Budget relationships, The cash budget, The budgeted
trading and profit and loss account and the budgeted balance sheet, The master budget,
Flexible budgets, The behavioural aspects of budgeting, The benefits of budgeting, Zero base
budgeting.
UNIT-IV
Standard Costing : Objectives, What are standard costs?, Cost control using standard
costing, Material variances, Labour variances, The profit variance.
UNIT-V
Capital investment appraisal : Objectives, Payback method, Average rate of return method,
How to use annuity tables, Present value tables, Depreciation and cash flows, Residual
values, Taxation, Other methods, Which method.

M.C.A. - IInd Sem.

Paper - I
System Analysis and Design
UNIT-I
Systems Concepts and the Information Systems Environment Introduction : The
Systems Concept : Definition. Characteristics of a System : Organisation. Interaction.
Interdependence. Integration. Central Objective. Elements of a System : Outputs and Inputs.
Processor(s). Control. Feedback. Environment. Boundaries and Interface. Types of Systems :
Physical or Abstract Systems. Open or Closed Systems. Man-Made Information Systems.
Illustration-A Dynamic Personnel Information System Model.
The System Development Life Cycle : Introduction. The System Development Life Cycle :
Recognition of Need - What is the Problem? Feasibility Study. Analysis. Design.
Implementation. Post-Implementation and Maintenance. Considerations for Candidate
Systems : Political Considerations. Planning and Control for System Success. Prototyping.
The Role of the Systems Analyst : Introduction. Definition. Historical Perspective : The
Early Years. The Year Effort. What Does It Take to Do Systems Analysis? Academic and
Personal Qualifications. The Multifaceted Role of the Analyst : Change Agent. Investigator
and Monitor. Architect. Psychologist. Salesperson. Motivator. Politician. The Analyst/User
Interface : Behavioral Issues. Conflict Resolution. The Place of the Analyst in the MIS
Organisation : The MIS Organisation. Rising Positions in System Development : The
Paraprofessional. The Technical Writer. Conclusions.
UNIT-II
Systems Planning and the Initial Investigation : Introduction. Bases for Planning in
Systems Analysis : Dimensions of Planning. Initial Investigation : Needs Identification.
Determining the User's Information Requirements. Case Scenario. Problem Definition and
Project Initiation. Background Analysis. Fact-Finding. Fact Analysis. Determination of
Feasibility.
Information Gathering : Introduction. What Kinds of Information Do We Need? Information
about the Firm. Information about User Staff. Information about Work Flow. Where Does
Information Originate? Information-Gathering Tools : Review of Literature, Procedures, and
Forms. On-Site Observation. Interviews and Questionnaires. Types of Interviews and
Questionnaires.
UNIT-III
The Tools of Structured Analysis : Introduction. What is Structured Analysis? The Tools of
Structured Analysis : The Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Data Dictionary. Decision Tree and
Structured English. Decision Tables. Pros and Cons of Each Tool.
Feasibility Study : Introduction. System Performance Definition : Statement of Constraints.
Identification of Specific System Objectives. Description of Outputs. Feasibility Study :
Feasibility Considerations. Steps in Feasibility Analysis. Feasibility Report. Oral
Presentation.
Cost/Benefit Analysis : Introduction. Data Analysis. Cost/Benefit Analysis : Cost and
Benefit Categories. Procedure for Cost/Benefit Determination. The System Proposal.

UNIT-IV
The Process and Stages of Systems Design : Introduction. The Process of Design : Logical
and Physical Design. Design Methodologies : Structured Design. Form-Driven Methodology-
The IPO Charts. Structured Walkthrough. Major Development Activities : Personnel
Allocation. Audit Considerations : Processing Controls and Data Validation. Audit Trail and
Documentation Control.
File Organisation and Data Base Design : Introduction. File Structure. File Organization :
Sequential Organization. Indexed-Sequential Organization. Inverted List Organization.
Direct-Access Organization. Data Base Design : Objectives of Data Base. Key Terms.
Logical and Physical Views of Data. Data Structure. Normalization. The Role of the Data
Base Administrator.
UNIT-V
System Testing and Quality Assurance : Introduction. Why System Testing? What Do We
Test for? The Nature of Test Data. The Test Plan : Activity Network for System Testing.
System Testing. Quality Assurance : Quality Assurance Goals in the Systems Life Cycle.
Levels of Quality Assurance. Trends in Testing. Role of the Data Processing Auditor : The
Audit Trail.
Implementation and Software Maintenance : Introduction. Conversion : Activity Network
for Conversion. Combating Resistance to Change. Post-Implementation Review : Request for
Review. A Review Plan. Software Maintenance : Maintenance or Enhancement? Primary
Activities of a Maintenance Procedure. Reducing Maintenance Costs.
Hardware/Software Selection and the Computer Contract : Introduction. The Computer
Industry : Hardware Suppliers. Software Suppliers. Service Suppliers. The Software Industry
: Types of Software Industry : Types of Software A Procedure for Hardware/Software
Selection : Major Phases in Selection. Software Selection. The Evaluation Process. Financial
Considerations in Selection : The Rental Option. The Lease Option. The Purchase Option.
The Used Computer. The Computer Contract : The Art of Negotiation. Contract Checklist.
Project Scheduling and Software : Introduction. Why Do Systems Fail? What is Project
Management?
Security, Disaster/Recovery, and Ethics in System Development : Introduction System
Security : Definitions. Threats to System Security. Control Measures. Disaster/Recovery
Planning : The Plan. Ethics in System Development : Ethics Codes and Standards of
Behaviour.
Paper - II
Data Structure and Application
UNIT-I
Introduction and Overview : Introduction, Basic Terminology; Elementary Data
Organization, Data Structures, Data Structure Operations, Algorithms : Complexity,
Time-Space Tradeoff.
Preliminaries : Introduction, Mathematical Notation and Functions, Algorithmic Notation,
Control Structures, Complexity of Algorithms, Subalgorithms, Variables, Data Types.

UNIT-II
String Processing : Introduction, Basic Terminology, Storing Strings, Character Data Type,
String Operations, Word Processing, Pattern Matching Algorithms.
Arrays, Records and Pointers : Introduction, Linear Arrays, Representation of Linear
Arrays in Memory, Traversing Linear Arrays, Inserting and Deleting, Sorting; Bubble Sort,
Searching; Linear Search, Binary Search, Multidimensional Arrays, Pointers; Pointer Arrays,
Records; Record Structures, Representation of Records in Memory; Parallel Arrays, Matrices,
Sparse Matrices.
UNIT-III
Linked Lists : Introduction, Linked Lists, Representation of Linked Lists in Memory,
Traversing a Linked List, Searching a Linked List, Memory Allocation; Grabage Collection,
Insertion into a Linked List, Deletion from a Linked List, Header Linked Lists, Two-Way
Lists.
Stacks, Queues, Recursion : Introduction, Stacks Array Representation of Stacks,
Arithmetic Expressions; Polish Notation, Quicksort, an Application of Stacks, Recursion,
Towers of Hanoi, Implementation of Recursive Procedures by Stacks Queues, Deques,
Priority Queues.
UNIT-IV
Trees : Introduction, Binary Trees, Representing Binary Trees in Memory, Traversing Binary
Trees, Traversal Alrorithms Using Stacks, Header Nodes; Threads, Binary Search Trees,
Searching and Inserting in Binary Search Trees, Deleting in a Binary Search Tree, Heap;
Heapsort, Path Lengths; Huffman's Algorithm, General Trees.
UNIT-V
Graphs and Their Applications : Introduction, Graph Theory Terminology, Sequential
Representation of Graphs; Adjacency Matrix; Path Matrix, Warshall's Algorithm; Shortest
Paths, Linked Representation of a Graph, Operations on Graphs, Traversing a Graph, Posets;
Topological Sorting.
Sorting and Searching : Introduction, Sorting, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort, Merging,
Merge-Sort, Radix Sort, Searching and Data Modification, Hashing.
Paper - III
Numerical Computation & Statistical Methodology
UNIT-I
Introduction to Numerical Computing : Introduction, Numeric Data, Analog Computing,
Digital Computing, Process of Numerical Computing, Characteristics of Numerical
Computing, Computational Environment, New Trends in Numerical Computing,
Mathematical Background.
Introduction to Computers and Computing Concepts : Introduction, Evolution of
Numerical Computing and Computers, Types of Computers, Types of Computers, Computing
Concepts, Computer Organisation, Driving the Computer : The Software, Programming
Languages, Interactive Computing, Flow Charting, Structuring the Logic Using the
Computer.
Computer Codes and Arithmetic : Introduction, Decimal System, Binary System,
Hexadecimal System, Octal System, Conversion of Numbers, Representation of Numbers,
Computer Arithmetic, Laws of Arithmetic.
UNIT-II
Approximations and Errors in Computing : Introduction, Significant Digits, Inherent
Errors, Numerical Errors, Modelling Errors, Blunders, Absolute and Relative Errors, Machine
Epsilon, Error Propagation, Conditioning and Stability, Convergence of Iterative Processes,
Error Estimation, Minimising the Total Error, Pitfalls and Precautions.
Fortran Overview : Need and Scope, A Sample Program, FORTRAN Constants,
FORTRAN Variables, Subscripted Variables, Input/Output Statements, Computations,
Control of Execution, Subprograms, Intrinsic Functions, Debugging, Testing and
Documentation.
Roots of Nonlinear Equations : Introduction Methods of Solution, Interative Methods,
Starting and Stopping an Iterative Process, Eva.luation of Polynomials, Bisection Method,
False Position Method, Newton-Raphson Method, Secant Method, Fixed-Point Method,
Determining all Possible Roots, Systems of Nonlinear Equations, Roots of Polynomials,
Multiple Roots by Newton's Method, Complex Roots by Bairstow Method, Muller's Method.
UNIT-III
Direct Solution of Linear Equations : Need and Scope, Existence of Solution, Solution by
Elimination, Basic Gauss Elimination Method, Gauss Elimination with Pivoting,
Gauss-Jordan Method, Triangular Factorization Methods, Round-off Errors and Refinement,
III-Conditioned Systems, Matrix Inversion Method.
Interative Solution of Linear Equations : Need and Scope, Jacobi Iteration Method,
Guass-Seidel Method, Method of Relaxation, Convergence of Iteration Methods.
Curve Fitting : Interpolation : Introduction, Polynomial Forms, Linear Interpolation,
Lagrange Interpolation Polynomial, Newton Interpolation Polynomial Divided Difference
Table, Interpolation with Equidistant Points, Spline Interpolation, Chebyshev Interpolation
Polynomial.
UNIT-IV
Curve Fitting : Regression : Introduction, Fitting Linear Equations, Fitting Transcendental
Equations, Fitting a Polynomial Function, Multiple Linear Regression, III-Conditioning in
Least-Squares Methods.
Numerical Differentiation : Need and Scope, Differentiating Continuous Functions,
Differentiating Tabulated Functions, Difference Tables, Richardson Extrapolation.
Numerical Integration : Need and Scope, Newton-Cotes Methods, Trapezoidal Rule,
Simpson's 1/3 Rule, Simpson's 3/8 Rule, Higher Order Rules, Romberg Integration, Gaussian
Integration.
UNIT-V
Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations : Need and Scope, Taylor Series
Method, Euler's Method, Heun's Method, Polygon Method, Runge-Kutta, Methods, Accuracy
of One-Step Methods, Multistep Methods, Accuracy of Multistep Methods, Systems of
Differential Equations, Higher-Order Equations.
Boundary-value and Eigenvalue Problems : Need and Scope, Shooting Method, Finite
Difference Method, Solving Eigenvalue Problems, Polynomial Method, Power Method.
Solution of Partial Differetial Equations : Need and Scope, Deriving Difference Equations,
Elliptic Equations, Parabolic Equations, Hyperbolic Equations.
 M.C.A. - IInd Sem.
Paper - IV
Business Data Processing
UNIT-I
Introduction to Business Data Processing : Overview of Business System, Management
Functions, Levels of Management, Information Requirements, Information for Planning,
Coordination and Control, Information for Long Term Planning, Tactical Information, Short
term Planning, Operational, Day to Day Activities.
Profile of Data in Business Systems : Large Volume of Data and Data Handling Implicit,
Identification of Relevant Data, Variable Data, Identification Data. Classification of Data
Elements by Function :- Master Data Record, Transaction Data Record, Control Data Record,
Data Security, Data Checking, Validation Checks, Accuracy of Data, Relevance of Data,
Classification of Data by Source :- Raw Data, Derived Data, Primary and Secondary Data
Key, Historical Data for Reference and Analysis, Need for Ensuring Accurate, Reliable and
Timely Processing of Data, Brevity, Accuracy, Timeliness, Completeness, Relevant to the
receiver, Relevant to decision making, Basic Tasks in Business Data Processing :- Input
Cycle, Processing Cycle, Managing Output or Output Cycle, Extension of Basic Data
Processing Cycle, Data Origination, Data Capture, Sorting, Merging, Calculating and
summarizing, Transmission of Data or Distribution, Storage and Retriving, Origination,
Input, Origination, Input, Processing, Output, Storage, Distribution, Examples of Business
Data Processing and Applications :- Payroll, Financial Accounting, Sales Accounting and
Analysis System, Order Input, Inventory.
Computer System As A Potent Tool for Data Processing Needs : Facilities Available in
Computerized Systems for Data Capture :- On Line, Off Line, Validation of Storage,
Processing and Output, For Data Validation, Transmission.
UNIT-II
Data Structure : Logical Data Structure, Entities and Attributes, Relationships between
Entity and Attribute, Physical Data Structure, Elements, Fields, Records, File of Records,
Fixed and Variable Lengths, Fixed Size of Data Items, Variable Length of Data Items,
Difference between Fixed and Variable Length Records, Records Layout, Data Codes,
Alphabetic Data Codes, Alphanumeric Data Codes, Numeric Code.
Files : Contents of Master File, Transaction File and its Organisation, Master File Updating
Versus Master File Maintenance, Sequential, Relative and Indexed File, Sequential File,
Advantages of Sequential File Organization, Relative File, Difference between Index and
Relative File, Indexed File, Advantages, Disadvantages, File Creation and Handling, File
Handling, File Identification, File Security and Data Security, Retention Date, Write
Permission, Access Control (Pass Words etc.), Password Protection, Addition and Deletion of
Records, Updating Sequential Master Files, Updating Direct Access Master Files, Modes of
Processing, Batch Processing, On-line Processing, Real-time Processing.
Backup for Data Security : File Corruption Potential and Data Loss, Three Generation of
back-up, Grand father, Father and Son Files, Concepts for File Recovery, Recovering an
Overwritten File.
UNIT-III
Data Handling
Introduction to Flowcharts : FLowchart Symbols, Processing, Flow Lines, Decision,
Connector, Designing a General Flowchart, Rules for Writing Flowcharts, Advantages of
Flowcharts, Conveys Better Meaning, Analyses the Problem Effectively, Effective Joining the
Part of a system, Efficient Coding, Systematic Debugging, Limitations of Flowcharts, Takes
More Time to Draw, Difficult to Make Changes, Non-Standardization.
Operation on File : Inputting or Writing to a File, Outputting from a file or Reading a File,
I/O and Deleting a File.
Concepts of DBMS : Database Defined, Why Use a Database System?, What is Database
Management System (DBMS)?, Data, Hardware, Software, Users, Aim of Database
Management System, Data Redundancy, Interactive Data Entry and Updating, Ease of
Learning and Use, Data Independence, Data Security and Integrity, Increased Productivity,
Recovery from Failure, Performance, Relational Database Defined, Advantages of Relational
Database, Phases of Database Design, Data Definition, Data Refinement, Establishing
Relationship between Fields.
UNIT-IV
Report Production and File Updation : Flexibility, General Design Considerations, Output
Reports for Batch Processing, Output Reports for Online Processing, The methods of
Outputting Information, The User's Role, Types of output, Forms Design, Paper used for
Forms, Surface Quality, Erasing Characters, Handling and Storing Requirements, Colour,
Design Stages, Contents and Layout, Selecting a Choice, Forms Designed on Continuous
Stationery.
Learning to Make Simple Reports With Totals : Use of Edit Symbols, Spacing of Forms,
Alignment of Information, Heading, Different Types of Report Headings.
UNIT-V
Implementation of Business Applications :
Controls : Input-Output Control, Control over Data Preparation and Input, Validation
Checks, File Access Control, Process Control, Control or Hash Total, Range Check, Check
Digits, Passwords and other Security Aspects, Data Encryption, Job Scheduling, Job Control
Language (JCL), Computer Log.
Documentation : Need and Philosophy, User Documentation, Technical Documentation,
Updation of Documentation, Requests for Change, Monitoring and Control, Centralised
Traditional Data Processing Department, Economy of Scale, Better System Integration,
Effective personnel management, Emerging scene of Distributed Processing.
System Audit : Need and Objective-protecting of Hardware, Software and data.
Paper - V
Object Oriented Programming Analysis and Design
UNIT-I
Introduction to Oops : Incaptulation, Data Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism, message
Passing, Extensibility
Introduction to C++ : Function, Variables, Arithematic operaters
UNIT-II
Loops and Decisions : Relational Operators, Loop, and Logical operators
Structures : Simple structure, Initializing structure variables, Accessing Nested structure
member Enumerated data types.
Function : Simple functions, Function declaration Function Call, Function definition,
Overloaded function
Arrays : Defininig Arrays, Multidimentional Arrays, Arrays of Structures.
UNIT-III
Object and Classes : Class, Objects, Constructors, Deconstructors.
Operater : Operator overloading, overloading ...operators, Overloading Binary Overloading
operators
UNIT-IV
Inheritance : Defininig Arrays, Multidimentional Arrays, Arrays of Structures.
Graphics : Text mode graphic Function, Graphic mode, Graphic function, Graphic driver
UNIT-V
Pointer : Address and Pointers, Pointers and Array.