Water Reticulation Handout

6.
0 MiTS Water Reticulation
Introduction
Flow and Head Loss (m/km) of Pipes
1. Hazen William formula is used to calculate the head loss (friction loss).
= head loss in m
Q = Flow rate or discharge

D = diameter of pipe (m)
C = Hazen William coefficient
L = length of pipe (m)
2. For loop distribution system, Hardy Cross Method is used to adjust the flow rate.
In manual calculation, the initial flow rate for each of the pipes is assumed. The flow in
clockwise is positive while the flow in anti-clockwise is negative.
Then the correction, will be used to correct the assumed Q to obtain a new corrected flow
rate, Q:
After that, the difference between the corrected Q and assumed Q is calculated in percentage.
The smaller the percentage difference, the higher the accuracy of the flow rate. If the percentage
difference is not desirable, all the steps will be repeated with the corrected Q.
Figure 1
Node Head A / HGL A = Available head at Node A
Node Head B / HGL B = Available head at Node B
= Node Head A Head Loss
Residual Pressure (at Node B) = Node Head A Highest Supply Level Head Loss
Tank Water Level = Height from Ground Level to Tank Water Level or
Building Height.
Highest Supply Level = Ground Level + Tank Water Level
Basic Operation
1. Parameter Setting
a. Material
i. Pipe Type
New pipe can be added.

Existing pipe type and HWC can be edited or deleted.
ii. Building Type
Choose the unit for water demand.

New building type can be added.
Existing building type, description and water demand can be edited
or deleted.
b. Design
i. Fire Flow Supply Level

The fire flow supply level can be measured either from Ground
Level or Highest Supply Level.
ii. Maximum Unbalance
Percentage difference.
iii. Critical Node Identification
Yes program defined the most critical node in the network.
No user defined.
2. Draw Node
a. Select Node.
b. The 1st click is to activate the input mode and the + cursor indicates the input
mode is in ready state.
Note: Object Snapping
Object snapping can be called out by clicking the Snap button.
c. i . Right click mouse- to end the task.

ii. ESC tab- to abort the operation.
3. Draw Pipe
a. Select Pipe.
b. Connect the pipe from one node to another.
c. i . Right click mouse- to end the task.

4. Draw Node & Pipe

a. Select Pipe.
b. Input pipe in the drawing. The pipe will auto connect two nodes (at the beginning
and the end of the pipe).
c. Press SHIFT tab to input turning pipe (without generating node).
d. i . Right click mouse- to end the task.

e. New node can be added in between nodes and the new lengths will be
automatically calculated.
5. Draw Accessories
a. Select Accessories.
b. Choose the accessories from the various selections provided.
c. Place the accessories on the pipe.
d. The placement of the accessories will NOT affect the calculation. The
accessories are only a marking on plan/drawing and longitudinal section detailing.
6. Input Node Properties
a. Select Node and click the Spread Input button.
b. The node properties can be inputted in properties box too.
c. Place the fix head (fix head is the resource point, ie: tapping point or reservior).
Set Fix Head to Yes and input the available head at Node Head.
d. Place the hydrant (most remote or critical node)

Set Hydrant to Yes.
e. Input Water Demand by using water demand calculator or user input.
f. Ground Level is automatically defined. To change the Ground Level, set User
Defined to Yes and input the desired Ground Level.
g. Input Tank Water Level.
h. Double clicks on node at spread input will highlight the particular node in input
plan and vice versa (single click in input plan).
7. Input Pipe Properties
a. Select Pipe and click the Spread Input button.
b. The pipe properties can be edited in properties box too.
c. Pipe type can be changed from drop down list.

d. Diameter, Iterate Yes- program calculated, No- user defined.
e. Reverse Labelling is used to turn the pipe marking upside down.
f. Double clicks on pipe at spread input will highlight the particular pipe in input
plan and vice versa (single click in input plan).
8. Analyse
a. The output of the results are pipe/node calculation in Excel and Word, QS, Design
Check and Analysis Verification.
- highlighted in red indicates too high/low residual pressure.
b. Generate Long Section select one or more pipes (hold Crtl to multiple select)
and right click to generate long section.
9. Export
a. The difference between export and batch export.

Export- export the particular page in view.
Batch Export- export all the output.

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6.

0 MiTS Water Reticulation

Q = Flow rate or discharge

New pipe can be added.

ii. Building Type

Choose the unit for water demand.

i. Fire Flow Supply Level

c. i . Right click mouse- to end the task.

c. i . Right click mouse- to end the task.

4. Draw Node & Pipe

d. i . Right click mouse- to end the task.

c. Place the accessories on the pipe.

b. The node properties can be inputted in properties box too.

d. Place the hydrant (most remote or critical node)

e. Input Water Demand by using water demand calculator or user input.

g. Input Tank Water Level.

b. The pipe properties can be edited in properties box too.

c. Pipe type can be changed from drop down list.

a. The difference between export and batch export.

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