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    Science Notes: 1 Nomenclature

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    Huck Kim
    An interesting take an a prexisting theory that has baffled millions of scientists. Made using LaTEx editor

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    Science Notes: 1 Nomenclature

    Uploaded by

    Huck Kim
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    An interesting take an a prexisting theory that has baffled millions of scientists. Made using LaTEx editor

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    An interesting take an a prexisting theory that has baffled millions of scientists. Made using LaTEx editor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views4 pages

    Science Notes: 1 Nomenclature

    Uploaded by

    Huck Kim
    An interesting take an a prexisting theory that has baffled millions of scientists. Made using LaTEx editor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Science Notes

    Huck Kim
    March 22, 2017

    1 Nomenclature
    There are different naming rules for naming ionic compounds, covalent molecules,
    and acids.

    1.1 Ionic Compounds


    In ionic compounds the metal goes first then the non metal. The ending is
    removed from the non metal and is replaced with -ide.
    NaCl - Sodium Chloride MgO - Magnesium Oxide

    1.2 Covalent Molecules


    In covalent bonds attatch a prefix for each element corresponding with its
    cations.

    1. Mono
    2. Di
    3. Tri
    4. Tetra
    5. Penta
    6. Hexa
    7. Septa
    8. Octa

    If the first element has only one cation then there is no need to add the
    mono- prefix.

    N2 O3 Dinitrogen Trioxoide

    CO2 Carbon Dioxoide

    1
    1.3 Acids
    There are two types of acids binary, and tertiary, both follow different naming
    schemes

    1.3.1 Binary Acids


    If there are only two types of elements in the chemical compound ( one being
    hydrogen) and it is dissolved in water (aqueous solution) it is considered a bi-
    nary acid The naming scheme is as follows.

    First add a Hydro- prefix to the beginning of the name. Then remove the
    -ide and replace with a -ic.

    HCl( aq) Hydrochloric Acid

    1.3.2 Tertiary Acids / Oxoacid


    If there are three elements in the chemical compound (one being hydrogen and
    the other being a polyomic ion) and is dissolved in water (aqueous solution) it
    is considered a tertiary acid The naming scheme is as follows.

    There is no Hydro- prefix before beginning of the name. Remove the -ate
    and replace with a -ic

    H2 SO4( aq) Sulfuric Acid

    1.4 Bases
    The naming scheme stays the same for the bases

    NaOH Sodium Hydroxide

    2 Reactions
    There are four different types of reaction that we know of

    Synthesis
    Decomposition
    Single Displacement

    Double Displacement

    2
    2.1 Synthesis
    Synthesis is when there are two reactants and only one product.

    A + B AB

    Example
    2Li + Cl2 2LiCl

    2.2 Decomposition
    Decomposition is when there are one reactant and two products.

    AB A + B

    Example
    2H2 O 2H2 + O2

    2.3 Single Displacement


    Single Displacement is where a nonmetal or metal element takes the place of
    another nonmetal or metal within a compound or molecule. A Single displace-
    ment reaction will not occur if the metal or non metal element is less reactive
    than the one in the compound or molecule. A metals reactivity is determined
    by its location on a activity series and a non-metal is more reactive if is further
    down the periodic table.

    A + BC = AC + B

    In this example the Copper (Cu) takes the palce of the Silver (Ag)

    Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3 )2

    In this example there is no single displacement as Copper (Cu) is below


    Aluminium (Al) on the activity series

    Cu + AlCl3 no reaction

    2.4 Double Displacement


    Double Displacement is when two elements get displaced from their original
    compound or molecule to the other compound or molecule.

    AB + CD AD + CB

    In this example the Sodium and the hydrogen switch forming two new com-
    pounds

    Na2 S + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2 S

    3
    3 Acids and Bases
    Nomencalture for Acids and Bases can be seen in subsection 1.3 and subsection
    1.4.

    3.1 Acids
    Acids are solutions that contain Hydrogen that have been dissolved in water
    to become a aqueous solution known as an acid. The strength of an acid is
    determined by the power of the Hydrogen or more commonly known as its pH.
    The pH scale varies from 0 - 14 where 0 is highly acidic, 7 is neutral, and 14 is
    highly basic or alkeline.
    There are two types of acids, binary and tertiary, that contain hydrogen.
    There is only one type of base, base, that contain the hydroxide ion.

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