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    Hepatitis B Hepatitis C

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    Rinaldo Sitepu
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary cancer of the liver that typically develops in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with the highest rates in Asia and Africa where hepatitis B and C are endemic. While HCC once presented at late stages, it is now often detected earlier through screening of high-risk patients. The threat of HCC is expected to continue growing due to the hepatitis C epidemic and the rise of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity. Effective care of end-stage liver disease and HCC patients will require improved access to treatments like resection, transplantation, and local ablation therapies.

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    Hepatitis B Hepatitis C

    Uploaded by

    Rinaldo Sitepu
    6 views1 page
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary cancer of the liver that typically develops in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with the highest rates in Asia and Africa where hepatitis B and C are endemic. While HCC once presented at late stages, it is now often detected earlier through screening of high-risk patients. The threat of HCC is expected to continue growing due to the hepatitis C epidemic and the rise of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity. Effective care of end-stage liver disease and HCC patients will require improved access to treatments like resection, transplantation, and local ablation therapies.

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    hepatoma

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    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary cancer of the liver that typically develops in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with the highest rates in Asia and Africa where hepatitis B and C are endemic. While HCC once presented at late stages, it is now often detected earlier through screening of high-risk patients. The threat of HCC is expected to continue growing due to the hepatitis C epidemic and the rise of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity. Effective care of end-stage liver disease and HCC patients will require improved access to treatments like resection, transplantation, and local ablation therapies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    6 views1 page

    Hepatitis B Hepatitis C

    Uploaded by

    Rinaldo Sitepu
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary cancer of the liver that typically develops in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with the highest rates in Asia and Africa where hepatitis B and C are endemic. While HCC once presented at late stages, it is now often detected earlier through screening of high-risk patients. The threat of HCC is expected to continue growing due to the hepatitis C epidemic and the rise of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity. Effective care of end-stage liver disease and HCC patients will require improved access to treatments like resection, transplantation, and local ablation therapies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and occurs

    predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The cell(s) of
    origin are believed to be the hepatic stem cells, although this remains the subject of
    investigation. [1] Tumors progress with local expansion, intrahepatic spread, and distant
    metastases.

    HCC is now the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with over 500,000 people
    affected. The incidence of HCC is highest in Asia and Africa, where the endemic high
    prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C strongly predisposes to the development of chronic
    liver disease and subsequent development of HCC.

    The presentation of HCC has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Whereas in the
    past, HCC generally presented at an advanced stage with right-upper-quadrant pain, weight
    loss, and signs of decompensated liver disease, it is now increasingly recognized at a much
    earlier stage as a consequence of the routine screening of patients with known cirrhosis, using
    cross-sectional imaging studies and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measurements.

    The threat of HCC is expected to continue to grow in the coming years. [2] The peak incidence
    of HCC associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has not yet occurred. There is also
    a growing problem with cirrhosis, which develops in the setting of nonalcoholic fatty liver
    disease (NAFLD), or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH typically develops in the
    setting of obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and it will undoubtedly
    remain a significant problem, given the obesity epidemic occurring in the United States. [3]
    Thus, developing effective and efficient care for patients with end-stage liver disease and
    HCC must become a significant focus.

    Resection may benefit certain patients, albeit mostly transiently. Many patients are not
    candidates given the advanced stage of their cancer at diagnosis or their degree of liver
    disease and, ideally, could be cured by liver transplantation. Globally, only a fraction of all
    patients have access to transplantation, and, even in the developed world, organ shortage
    remains a major limiting factor. In these patients, local ablative therapies, including
    radiofrequency ablation (RFA), chemoembolization, and potentially novel chemotherapeutic
    agents, may extend life and provide palliation.

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