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    Enlightened Despotism: Maria Theresa (1740-1780)

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    MihálySzücs
    Enlightened despots in Central and Eastern Europe introduced reforms without parliamentary consent through decrees in the 18th century. Maria Theresa of Austria issued decrees regulating tariffs, serf work hours, and established a national education system. Her son Joseph II granted religious tolerance, made German the official language, and abolished serfdom, but faced opposition and withdrew many decrees after his death. Enlightened despots pursued modernizing reforms but met resistance without democratic participation.

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    Enlightened Despotism: Maria Theresa (1740-1780)

    Uploaded by

    MihálySzücs
    24 views2 pages
    Enlightened despots in Central and Eastern Europe introduced reforms without parliamentary consent through decrees in the 18th century. Maria Theresa of Austria issued decrees regulating tariffs, serf work hours, and established a national education system. Her son Joseph II granted religious tolerance, made German the official language, and abolished serfdom, but faced opposition and withdrew many decrees after his death. Enlightened despots pursued modernizing reforms but met resistance without democratic participation.

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    Enlightened despots in Central and Eastern Europe introduced reforms without parliamentary consent through decrees in the 18th century. Maria Theresa of Austria issued decrees regulating tariffs, serf work hours, and established a national education system. Her son Joseph II granted religious tolerance, made German the official language, and abolished serfdom, but faced opposition and withdrew many decrees after his death. Enlightened despots pursued modernizing reforms but met resistance without democratic participation.

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    24 views2 pages

    Enlightened Despotism: Maria Theresa (1740-1780)

    Uploaded by

    MihálySzücs
    Enlightened despots in Central and Eastern Europe introduced reforms without parliamentary consent through decrees in the 18th century. Maria Theresa of Austria issued decrees regulating tariffs, serf work hours, and established a national education system. Her son Joseph II granted religious tolerance, made German the official language, and abolished serfdom, but faced opposition and withdrew many decrees after his death. Enlightened despots pursued modernizing reforms but met resistance without democratic participation.

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    of 2

    Enlightened despotism

    - Enlightened -> cause of the englightened movement


    - Despotism -> intruced reforms without the constent of the parlaiment with
    decrees (rendelet)

    - In Central and Eastern Europe

    - Monarchs realized how backward their countries were compared to W. Europe


    -> they needed reforms: - economy
    - society
    - education
    - (healthcare, religion)

    Maria Theresa (1740-1780)


    - Her father knew that he wouldnt have a male heir -> introduced the Pragmatic
    Sanction -> was approved by the diet in 1723 -> female could inherit

    Problems she had to face: - Habsburg war of succesion (1740-1748) against


    Prussia Frederich the Great -> Hungarian nobility offered
    their blood for her

    - She wanted to introduce taxes in 1751 but the nobility


    refused to obey

    1st decree: Tariff regulation - 1754


    - based upon mercantilism (fostering industry/trade; keeping precious stones
    inside etc.)
    - tariff inside the monarchy was less than the tariff you had to pay if you wanted
    to sell your products outside

    2nd decree: Urbarium - 1767 socage regulation


    - fixed the work hours of socage -> that was the only social group she could rely
    on for tax
    - 52 days with ox; 104 days on foot
    - nobles couldnt exploit serfs anymore for extra hours etc.

    + regulated who the serfs had to pay: - tithe -> church


    - ninth -> landlord
    - domestic/military tax -> king
    - forspont -> accomodation for passing soldiers

    Ratio Educationis 1977 - outlined the future of modern education


    - 1st national curriculum
    - compulsory education 6y-12y (didnt really work -> children were needed at the
    lands at serfs)
    - education for teachers

    Decree of healthcare: divided the country into regions 1 doctor/1 midwife


    for each

    - she died in 1780

    Jospeh II. (1780-1790)


    - He wasnt crowned with the crown -> never took an oath on the Hungarian
    Constitution -> he didnt need the consent of the diet
    -> got the title: King with a hat

    - He was eduacated to be a monarch


    - Was opened to enlightened ideas (unlike his mother)
    - wanted to create a unified homogeneous modern state

    Decree of Tolerance 1781


    - He granted the freedom of practicing religion
    - They could apply for administrative positions
    - abolished monestic orders which he considered useless no healing/eduaction

    Decree of Language 1784


    - German became the official language -> Hungarians felt oppressed

    Decree of the Serfs - 1785


    - Abolished the terms: serf, eternal serfdom

    -He didived the country into 10 administrative districts -> wanted to overwrite
    the counties

    - When he died in 1790, he withdrew all but 2 of his decrees > serfs/tolerance
    Reason: he didnt have much followers

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