Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 74 views

    Gut Microbiota

    Uploaded by

    Jing Xue
    The document discusses recent advances in understanding the human gut microbiome and its relationship to health and disease. Next-generation DNA sequencing and functional studies have revealed that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in evolution, development, metabolism, immune defense, and susceptibility to infections and diseases. Ecological theory is being applied to gain insights into the dynamics and disruptions of gut microbial communities. Disruptions to the normal gut microbiome through factors like diet, medication, and antibiotics can impact health, and modulating the microbiome through prebiotics or probiotics offers potential new therapeutic approaches. Further research over the next decade will revolutionize understanding of our microbial symbionts and how they can be manipulated for health benefits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Gut Microbiota

    Uploaded by

    Jing Xue
    74 views1 page
    The document discusses recent advances in understanding the human gut microbiome and its relationship to health and disease. Next-generation DNA sequencing and functional studies have revealed that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in evolution, development, metabolism, immune defense, and susceptibility to infections and diseases. Ecological theory is being applied to gain insights into the dynamics and disruptions of gut microbial communities. Disruptions to the normal gut microbiome through factors like diet, medication, and antibiotics can impact health, and modulating the microbiome through prebiotics or probiotics offers potential new therapeutic approaches. Further research over the next decade will revolutionize understanding of our microbial symbionts and how they can be manipulated for health benefits.

    Original Description:

    gut microbiota

    Original Title

    gut microbiota

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses recent advances in understanding the human gut microbiome and its relationship to health and disease. Next-generation DNA sequencing and functional studies have revealed that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in evolution, development, metabolism, immune defense, and susceptibility to infections and diseases. Ecological theory is being applied to gain insights into the dynamics and disruptions of gut microbial communities. Disruptions to the normal gut microbiome through factors like diet, medication, and antibiotics can impact health, and modulating the microbiome through prebiotics or probiotics offers potential new therapeutic approaches. Further research over the next decade will revolutionize understanding of our microbial symbionts and how they can be manipulated for health benefits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views1 page

    Gut Microbiota

    Uploaded by

    Jing Xue
    The document discusses recent advances in understanding the human gut microbiome and its relationship to health and disease. Next-generation DNA sequencing and functional studies have revealed that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in evolution, development, metabolism, immune defense, and susceptibility to infections and diseases. Ecological theory is being applied to gain insights into the dynamics and disruptions of gut microbial communities. Disruptions to the normal gut microbiome through factors like diet, medication, and antibiotics can impact health, and modulating the microbiome through prebiotics or probiotics offers potential new therapeutic approaches. Further research over the next decade will revolutionize understanding of our microbial symbionts and how they can be manipulated for health benefits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    SPECIALSECTION

    INTRODUCTION

    The Gut
    Microbiota CONTENTS
    News
    1246 Taking Stock of the Human
    WE ARE ON THE THRESHOLD OF MAKING PROFOUND DISCOVERIES ABOUT THE
    Microbiome and Disease
    microorganisms with which we share our bodies, indeed whose cell count vastly
    outnumbers our own. In Sciences 2005 special section Gut: The Inner Tube of Life, 1248 My Microbiome and Me
    Pigs as Stand-Ins for Microbiome Studies

    Downloaded from www.sciencemag.org on June 9, 2012


    we saw hints of the important relationships we have with the microbial inhabitants
    of our guts. Since then, next-generation DNA sequencing and functional studies Perspectives
    have begun to reveal how crucial these inhabitants are for our evolution, develop- 1251 Honor Thy Gut Symbionts Redux
    ment, metabolism, immune defense, and susceptibility to a multiplicity of infec- J. I. Gordon
    tious and noncommunicable diseases. >> Science Translational Medicine Perspective
    Science and Science Translational Medicine have joined forces to resume the The Human Gut Microbiota
    exploration of our inner tube and its microbiota. As Gordon points out (p. 1251), and Undernutrition
    investigations into gut microbiota draw from many elds: ecology, genomics, J. I. Gordon et al.
    metabolomics, immunology, and public health. A gathering of diverse minds and 1253 Is It Time for a Metagenomic Basis
    ideas will drive the development of new therapies for treating intractable infec- of Therapeutics?
    tions, scourges of the developing world such as malnutrition (Sci. Transl. Med. 4, H. J. Haiser and P. J. Turnbaugh
    137ps12), and lifelong inammatory diseases, such as Crohns disease and colitis, Reviews
    as well as offering options for relieving the burden of metabolic diseases, includ-
    1255 The Application of Ecological Theory
    ing obesity and type II diabetes.
    Toward an Understanding of the
    A new appreciation of the diversity and interactions among our microbiota has Human Microbiome
    prompted Costello et al. (p. 1255) to turn to ecological theory to gain an under- E. K. Costello et al.
    standing of the dynamics at work in gut communities. Functional studies have >> Science Translational Medicine Review
    shown us that disruptions to the community caused by diet and medication can Microbiota-Targeted Therapies:
    be detrimental to health. In a companion Review, Lemon et al. (Sci. Transl. Med. An Ecological Perspective
    4, 137rv5) use ecology to gain insights into the disruptions caused by antibiotic K. P. Lemon et al.
    therapy and remediation using probiotics. Nicholson et al. (p. 1262) explain how 1262 Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic
    the gut microbiota is a major contributor to host metabolism through nutrient Interactions
    release, and how microbial metabolites boost tness. Haiser and Turnbaugh (p. J. K. Nicholson et al.
    1253) take up the theme of microbial metabolic activities and discuss their inu- >> Science Translational Medicine Review
    ence on drug metabolism. A related Review by Holmes et al. (Sci. Transl. Med. 4, Therapeutic Modulation of Microbiota-Host
    137rv6) discusses the interplay between host and microbial metabolisms, which is Metabolic Interactions
    providing new therapeutic opportunities for treating human disease. E. Holmes et al.
    From birth, the microbiota intimately shapes the development and function 1268 Interactions Between the Microbiota
    of the human immune system. Hooper et al. (p. 1268) review the mechanisms and the Immune System
    by which the immune system regulates the microbiota and vice versa to maintain L. V. Hooper et al.
    intestinal homeostasis. And Blumberg and Powrie (Sci. Transl. Med. 4, 137rv7) >> Science Translational Medicine Review
    Microbiota, Disease, and Back to Health:
    discuss how disruptions to this homeostasis can lead to severe diseases such as
    A Metastable Journey
    cancer and Crohns disease. Some of these insights have come from dedicated pro- R. Blumberg and F. Powrie
    grams in microbiome research, as discussed in a news article by Balter (p. 1246).
    See also Editorial p. 1209; Perspective p. 1238;
    A prole by Hvistendahl (p. 1248) highlights the efforts of Zhao Liping to ght the
    Reports pp. 1314, 1321, and 1325; and Science Podcast
    developing obesity epidemic in China with prebiotics.
    at http://scim.ag/gut_microbiota.
    These joint special sections in Science and Science Translational Medicine still
    provide only a distant view of our inner world. The next decade will see a revolu-
    tion in understanding our microbial symbionts and how they can be manipulated
    for therapeutic benets that will bring true inner world peace.
    KRISTEN MUELLER, CAROLINE ASH, ELIZABETH PENNISI, ORLA SMITH

    www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 336 8 JUNE 2012 1245


    Published by AAAS

    You might also like