Air Asia 2011 Finance Ratio
Air Asia 2011 Finance Ratio
Air Asia 2011 Finance Ratio
operation.
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to examine the financial health of the two dominant airlines in
Malaysia; MAS and Air Asia.
All figures presented in this paper are in Malaysia Ringgit dollars. As of September 12, 2001,
1USD=RM3.16.
This paper is outlined as follows:
First, a brief discussion of the history of commercial aviation in Malaysia
Second, a presentation of the financial ratios comparing MAS and Air Asia
Third, a discussion and comments of the financial ratios for MAS and Air Asia
Strengths and weakness of Air Asia
The airline industry exists in an intensely competitive market. In recent years, there has been
an industry-wide shakedown, which will have far-reaching effects on the industry's trend
towards expanding domestic and international services. In the past, the airline industry was at
least partly government owned.
The airline industry can be separated into four categories:
International - 130+ seat planes that have the ability to take passengers just about
anywhere in the world. Companies in this category typically have annual revenue of
$1 billion or more.
National - Usually these airlines seat 100-150 people and have revenues between
$100 million and $1 billion.
Regional - Companies with revenues less than $100 million that focus on short-haul
flights.
Cargo - These are airlines generally transport goods.
A recent tie-up between Malaysian Airline System Bhd (MAS) and AirAsia Bhd could save
both airlines as much as RM1 billion a year.Both airlines can save as much as RM300 million
to RM400 million by realigning capacity to match market demand. It estimated that roughly
70% of the combined capacity of MAS and AirAsia is deployed on overlapping routes, which
undermines yields, load factor and ultimately profitability.
1
2 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
Air Asia one of the earliest LCC in Asia was established initially by DRB-Hicom Bhd in late
1996, Asian financial crisis in 1997. Malaysian Government studied Tonys proposal to start a
LCC carrier and refused to issue a new licence and had requested Tony to buy over an
existing airline. Tune Air, set up by Tony and his investors bought Air Asia over from DRB-
Hicom on 8th Dec 2001 for a token sum of RM1, with its 2 x Boeing 737-300s, a tiny route
network and nearly RM 40 million in debts.
Tony Fernandez (VP, Times Warner Music, SEA), had RM 1 million in hand (mortgaged
house and sold off Times Warner Share Options) to pump into Air Asia. Air Asias LCC runs
short-haul (less than 3 hours) and is low-cost, no-frills carrier serving routes within Asia. Air
Asia was re-launched in January 2002, with fares lower than bus ticket for local destinations
and even gave away free tickets. First day of operations started with RM 1 promotional price.
Air Asia started with routes from KL, and then from Senai Airport in Johor in 2003.
The AirAsia Group currently has 95 aircraft in service, spread across 12 hubs. The rapid pace
of AirAsias growth is set to continue. AirAsia has placed a firm order with Airbus for 200
A320neo aircraft. Three new joint ventures are expected to be operating by 2013 and the
airline recently announced a strategic alliance with Malaysia Airlines (MAS), which is
expected to result in further strong growth, most notably for the Malaysian unit. The MAS
tie-up will address market fragmentation and better segment the market, with MAS LCC
operation, which now falls under the Firefly unit, to be retired in favour of a wide cooperation
agreement with AirAsia. This will leave MAS, and its new premium offshoot Sapphire, to
focus on premium traffic in the region, with AirAsia to control low-cost and leisure travel.
The airlines growing fleet will soon be spread across six airlines. Mr Fernandes said AirAsia
now has a unique franchise model, with room for potentially one more offshoot. AirAsia
Philippines, AirAsia Vietnam and AirAsia Japan have not yet commenced operations but
will all be operating by 2013. He said that he also sees room for one more affiliate up in the
north [of Asia].
1
3 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
Financial Performance
The airline business is very typical in the term of investing capital. It has been used heavy
capital over the past century and people still invest the money on this extraordinary business.
The accounting review of AirAsia is going to be conducted based on its financial statement
for the year 2009 and 2010.
ASSETS
Cash And Short Term Investments 1,476 718
Total Inventory 18 21
1
4 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
Intangibles, net -- --
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable 100 94
Minority interest -- --
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
Common stock 277 276
1
5 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
INCOME STATEMENT
Fiscal Year Ending Dec 31 2010 2010 2009
OPERATING EXPENSES
Cost of revenue total 2,113 1,752
Other, net -- --
Minority interest -- --
Dilution adjustment 0 0
SUPPLEMENTAL INCOME
1
6 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
NORMALIZED INCOME
Normalized income before taxes 1,105 592
A financial ratio (or accounting ratio) is a relative magnitude of two selected numerical
values taken from an enterprise's financial statements. Often used in accounting, there are
many standard ratios used to try to evaluate the overall financial condition of a corporation or
other organization. Financial ratios may be used by managers within a firm, by current and
potential shareholders (owners) of a firm, and by a firm's creditors. Security analysts use
financial ratios to compare the strengths and weaknesses in various companies. [1] If shares in
a company are traded in a financial market, the market price of the shares is used in certain
financial ratios.
Liquidity Measurement Ratios: Introduction
Liquidity ratios attempt to measure a company's ability to pay off its short-term debt
obligations. This is done by comparing a company's most liquid assets (or, those that can be
easily converted to cash), its short-term liabilities.
In general, the greater the coverage of liquid assets to short-term liabilities the better as it is a
clear signal that a company can pay its debts that are coming due in the near future and still
fund its ongoing operations. On the other hand, a company with a low coverage rate should
raise a red flag for investors as it may be a sign that the company will have difficulty meeting
running its operations, as well as meeting its obligations.
Current Ratios
The current ratio is a popular financial ratio used to test a company's liquidity (also referred
to as its current or working capital position) by deriving the proportion of current assets
available to cover current liabilities.
Formula:
1
7 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
Components:
2874
CurrentRat io 2010 1.58
1844
2221
CurrentRat io2009 1.3
1710
As of December 31, 2010, with amounts expressed in millions, Air Asia Berhad current assets
amounted to RM2,874 million (balance sheet), which is the numerator; while current
liabilities amounted to RM1,844 million(balance sheet), which is the denominator. By
dividing, the equation gives us a current ratio of 1.58.
Commentary:
Generally, current ratios greater than one indicate a measure of liquidity; this indicates that
the company has enough short-term assets (defined as cash, short term investments, accounts
receivable, prepaid expenses, and inventory) to meet its short-term financial obligations. In
the case of airlines, short-term obligations (liabilities) include bank debt, accounts payable,
advanced ticket sales, non-refundable passenger credits, and the current portion of long-term
debt or leases. In theory, the higher the current ratio, the better.
In the case of Air Asia, the current ratio increased in 2010 to 1.58 from 1.3 in 1009. These
ratios are lower than average current ratio for industry which is 1.12. Air Asia looks like an
easy winner in a liquidity contest. It has an ample margin of current assets over current
liabilities, a seemingly good current ratio.
Components:
2874 18
QuickRatio 2010 1.55
1844
1
8 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
2221 21
QuickRatio 2009 1.29
1710
As of December 31, 2010, with amounts expressed in millions, Air Asia quick assets
amounted to RM2,856 million (balance sheet); while current liabilities amounted to RM1844
million (balance sheet).By dividing, the equation gives us a quick ratio of 1.55.
Commentary:
As previously mentioned, the quick ratio is a more conservative measure of liquidity than the
current ratio as it removes inventory from the current assets used in the ratio's formula. By
excluding inventory, the quick ratio focuses on the more-liquid assets of a company.
The basics and use of this ratio are similar to the current ratio in that it gives users an idea of
the ability of a company to meet its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. Another
beneficial use is to compare the quick ratio with the current ratio. If the current ratio is
significantly higher, it is a clear indication that the company's current assets are dependent on
inventory.
Acid test ratio for the year of 2010 is better than year 2009. The industry average of 1.04 is
lower than Air Asia Ratio, which indicates that Air Asia may not have trouble meeting short
term needs.
872
AverageCol lectionPeriod 2009 365 101.6days
3133
Commentary:
The Air Asia average collection period 2010 is more efficient than 2009, but both are is still
under 45 days debt.
1
9 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
Operating income return on investment (OIROI) is another measure of ROI; the attention is
only to the operating profits of the firm. This metric is used while evaluating whether the
management is generating adequate operating profits on the firms assets or not. OIROI is a
pure measure of the efficiency of a company while generating the returns from its assets,
without being affected by management financing decisions.
Formula:
OperatingIncome
OIROI
TotalAsset s
Components:
1067
OIROI 2010 8.1%
13240
913
OIROI 2009 8.01%
11398
Commentary:
After finding OIROI of a firm, this ratio is compared with the operating return on investment
of the peer group. If this ratio is higher than that of the peer group, it means that management
is generating significantly more income on $1 of assets than similar firms.
The Industry average is 3.25. OIROI Air Asia shows that in 2010 and 2009 for RM1 total
asset invested the operating income 8 , which above industry average.
Operating Profit Margin
Operating income, or operating profit as it is sometimes called, is the total pre-tax profit a
business generated from its operations. It is what is available to the owners before a few other
items need to be paid such as preferred stock dividends and income taxes.
Formula:
OperatingIncome
Operating Pr ofitM arg in
Sales
Components:
1067
Operating Pr ofitM arg in 2010 27%
3948
1
10 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
913
Operating Pr ofitM arg in 2009 29%
3113
Commentary:
Operating Profit Margin of Air Asia for the year of 2010 is lower than 2009. It shows that in
2010 every RM1 sales Air Asia operating income is 27 while in 2009 Air Asia is 29.
Formula:
Sales
TotalAsset Turnover
TotalAsset s
Components:
3948
TotalAsset Turnover 2010 0.3times
13240
3133
TotalAsset Turnover 2009 0.27times
11398
Commentary:
The industry average is 0.66. For Air Asia, this figure is 0.3 in both 1999 and 2000, This
indicates that Air Asia needs to figure out how to squeeze more sales ringgits out of its assets.
With Total Asset of RM13,240 million in 2010, Air Asia has can only generate sales of 0.3
times worth of the asset .
CreditSale s
Account Re ceivableTurnover
Account Re ceivable
Components:
1
11 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
3948
Account Re ceivableTurnover 2010 5.08times
777
3133
Account Re ceivableTurnover 2009 3.6times
872
Commentary:
The industry average is 12.96. Air Asia Account Receivable in 2010 is more efficient than
2009, but both are is still under 45 days debt collection.
Inventory turnover
In accounting, the Inventory turnover is a measure of the number of times inventory is sold or
used in a time period such as a year. The equation for inventory turnover equals the cost of
goods sold divided by the average inventory. Inventory turnover is also known as inventory
turns, stock turn, stock turns, turns, and stock turnover.
Formula:
CostofGoodsSold
InventoryTurnOver
Inventory
Components:
2113
InventoryTurnOver 2010 117 times
18
1752
InventoryTurnOver 2009 83times
21
Commentary:
The industry average is 48.25. Air Asia Inventory Turnover for the year of 2010 is very much
efficient compared to the year of 2009 which is managed the Inventory Turnover for 83 times
only.
Formula:
Sales
FixedAssetTurnover
FixedAsset
Components:
1
12 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
3948
FixedAssetTurnover 2010 0.38times
10366
3133
FixedAssetTurnover 2009 0.34times
9117
Commentary:
Fixed Asset Turnover for Air Asia for the year 2010 is a bit higher compared to 2009.
Debt Ratios
The debt ratio compares a company's total debt to its total assets, which is used to gain a
general idea as to the amount of leverage being used by a company. A low percentage means
that the company is less dependent on leverage, i.e., money borrowed from and/or owed to
others. The lower the percentage, the less leverage a company is using and the stronger its
equity position. In general, the higher the ratio, the more risk that company is considered to
have taken on.
Formula:
9599
DebtRatio2010 72.7%
13204
8777
DebtRatio 2009 77%
11398
Commentary:
Air Asia Debt Ratio is very high for the both year . On the other hand, the airline industry,
and air travel in particular, is not a very stable industry. Specifically, travel, both from
business and leisure passengers, is one of the first items to decline in times of economic
contraction. Therefore, the ratios for other airline are certainly more risky than Air Asia.
The times interest earned ratio is an Indicator of a companys ability to meet the interest
payments on its debt. The times interest earned calculation is a corporations income before
interest and income tax expense, divided by interest expense.
The higher the times interest earned ratio, the more likely it is that the corporation will be
able to meet its interest payments.
Formula:
OperatingIncome
TimesInter estEarnedRatio
InterestExpense
1
13 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
Components:
1067
TimesInter estEarnedRatio 2010 2.79times
382
913
TimesInter estEarnedRatio 2009 2.39times
382
Commentary:
Air Asia Times Interest Earned Ratio is quite high. This is the evidence that this Group uses
less debt financing, especially in the year of 2010.
The long-term profitability of a company is vital for both the survivability of the company as
well as the benefit received by shareholders. It is these ratios that can give insight into the all
important "profit". In this section, we will look at four important profit margins, which
display the amount of profit a company generates on its sales at the different stages of
an income statement.
Formula:
Components:
1061
ROE 2010 29%
3641
506
ROE 2009 19%
2621
Commentary:
1
14 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
As of December 31, 2010, with amounts expressed in millions, Air Asia had net income of
rm1,061 million (income statement), and average shareholders' equity of $3,641 million
(balance sheet). By dividing, the equation gives us an ROE of 29% for FY 2010.
This means that for RM1 of equity invested in the company, 29 cents was returned in 2010
alone.
Return on equity, for most companies, certainly should be in the double digits, and value
investors often look for 15 percent or higher. A return of more than 20 percent is considered
excellent.
References
Internet Sources/Website
http://www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp#ixzz1a3lXbYIX
http://www.centreforaviation.com/analysis/airasias-unique-franchise-of-jvs-drive-profits-and-
http://beginnersinvest.about.com/od/incomestatementanalysis/a/operating-income-
http://www.infinancials.com/Eurofin/control/company?view=snapshot&type=0&company
1
15 You are required to evaluate the financial performance or Air Asia Berhad over its recent two years operation.
http://essaysforstudent.com/Business/Porter-five-forces-AirAsia/83826.html
http://www.oppapers.com/essays/The-Air-Asia-Establishment/191387
http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=AIRA.KL
http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?
ticker=AIRA:MK
http://www.investopedia.com/university/ratios/#axzz1Z8pXpb7q
http://www.airasia.com/my/en/corporate/corporateprofile.page?
http://www.ecomaxmc.com/blog/?p=12
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Asia
http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/airasia-orders-200-a320neo
http://www.zacks.com/stock/news/46361/Airline+Industry+Outlook+-+Jan.+2011
http://www.icmr.icfai.org/casestudies/catalogue/business strategy / airasia.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_ratio
http://bizfinance.about.com/od/financialratios/f/Avg_Collection_Period.htm
http://www.answers.com/topic/leverage-finance#ixzz1aSGlc1mN
http://blog.accountingcoach.com/times-interest-earned/
http://www.marketdiary.asia/2011/07/air-asia-airamk-taken-off-but-still.html
http://bataviase.co.id/node/237257
Books/Journals