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    Web Container Components Servlet - JSP - Tag Libraries

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    Pawan Kumar
    The document discusses web application development best practices using Java servlets and JSPs. It covers the basics of servlets and JSPs as well as design patterns and architectures like MVC. Key topics include servlet initialization, tag libraries, and the use of Java code in JSPs and servlets.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Web Container Components Servlet - JSP - Tag Libraries

    Uploaded by

    Pawan Kumar
    30 views30 pages
    The document discusses web application development best practices using Java servlets and JSPs. It covers the basics of servlets and JSPs as well as design patterns and architectures like MVC. Key topics include servlet initialization, tag libraries, and the use of Java code in JSPs and servlets.

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    The document discusses web application development best practices using Java servlets and JSPs. It covers the basics of servlets and JSPs as well as design patterns and architectures like MVC. Key topics include servlet initialization, tag libraries, and the use of Java code in JSPs and servlets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views30 pages

    Web Container Components Servlet - JSP - Tag Libraries

    Uploaded by

    Pawan Kumar
    The document discusses web application development best practices using Java servlets and JSPs. It covers the basics of servlets and JSPs as well as design patterns and architectures like MVC. Key topics include servlet initialization, tag libraries, and the use of Java code in JSPs and servlets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 30

    Web Application Development, Best Practices by Jeff Zhuk, JavaSchool.

    com

    Web Container Components


    Servlet JSP Tag Libraries
    Servlet
    Standard Java class to handle an HTTP request and
    response
    Mixes Java and HTML code

    JSP
    Allows some separation of Java and HTML code
    Using JavaBeans as backend helpers
    JSP scriplets mix a lot of Java and HTML code

    Tag libraries
    Define custom tags to remove Java code from JSP
    pages
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Java Servlet and JSPs
    Supported by all current application servers,

    JSPs are automatically translated into Java servlet classes.

    Java servlets and JSPs are collaborative mechanisms; they can be


    used in together or in isolation.

    In JSP, HTML code looks exactly as it would appear in a .html


    file. The JSP interpreter automatically translates into servlet
    compatible form.

    JSPs introduced the notion of tags;


    The custom or user-defined tags is also supported by the JSP
    spec.

    Java Standard Tag Library, Struts, BEA WebLogic , and more tag
    library frameworks are available.
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Java Servlets serve HTTP
    The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), like HTML was developed by Tim
    Berners-Lee and CERN in1989 with the main purpose to transfer arbitrary
    data, and therefore is not restricted to just text, as its name might suggest.

    HTTP is a stateless, connectionless protocol


    HTTP 1.1 requests
    GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, TRACE, DELETE, OPTIONS, CONNECT

    Although the HTTP 1.1 spec. contains 7 types of requests, many simple
    HTTP servers only know the commands GET, POST, and HEAD

    HTML forms have (hidden or visible) input fields and the ACTION field
    Default request method is GET

    <FORM ACTION="/directoryName/ServletClassName METHOD=POST>


    Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME=name"/>
    Password: <INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD" />
    <CENTER><INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT"/>GO!</CENTER>
    </FORM>
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    What is Servlet?
    A servlet extends functionality of a web server
    similar to an applet in a browser.

    Servlet is a piece of Java code


    Servlet is loaded by a Web server to handle client requests
    Servlets code stays in memory when the request terminates
    Servlet can retain its connection across requests
    Servlet can chain a client request to another Servlet (servlet chaining)
    Servlets usually:
    1) Accept input data
    2) Run or delegate business logics
    3) Dynamically generate or just transfer HTML response page

    For example, when a browser sends a request to the web server, the server
    may forward the request to a servlet that can process the request and
    construct a response, usually an HTML page, that is returned to the browser.

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Servlet Code Planning
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;

    public class AbstractServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse


    response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    //Get HTTP headers, cookies, session and form data from the request
    //Apply business logic, e.g., user authorization
    //Fill outgoing "response" to specify the HTTP response
    //including status code, headers, cookies, session data,
    // send output HTML page back to a client

    }
    }
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Servlet Code Example
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;
    import java.io.*;

    public class HelloServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(


    HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    throws javax.servlet.ServletException, java.io.IOException {

    String html = <HTML>\n" +


    "<HEAD><TITLE>HTML Title</TITLE></HEAD>\n" +
    "<BODY>\n" +
    "<H1> This is just an example</H1>\n" +
    "</BODY></HTML>";

    response.getWriter().println(html);
    }
    } ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Servlet Best Practices
    New services can be added run time as new JSPs/ASPs or Java/.NET classes
    //serviceName and serviceDetails are to be populated
    // by servlet doPost() , doGet() or service() methods

    String serviceName = request.getParameter(service);


    Hashtable serviceDetails = getServiceDetails();

    Service service = // known or new service


    (Service) Class.forName(serviceName).newInstance();

    String content = service.run(serviceDetails);


    response.setContentType(text/html"); // application/xsl and etc.
    response.getWriter().println(content);

    XML based Service API allows us to describe any existing and future service
    <ServiceRequest service=Mail action=get>
    <Param><paramName1=></Param>
    </ServiceRequest>

    We can find both Dispatcher and Factory patterns in this example. This approach makes it
    possible to create a unified API for client server communications. Any service (including
    new, unknown design time services) can be requested by a client without code change.
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Servlets Initialization and web.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application
    2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
    <web-app id="WebApp">
    <display-name>JavaSchoolApp</display-name>
    <context-param>
    <param-name>sqlLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>sql</param-value>
    <description>Location of SQL statements relative to WEB-INF</description>
    </context-param>
    <!-- Initialization code is in the ITSServletContextListener.java -- >
    <listener>
    <listener-class>com.its.util.ITSServletContextListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
    <param-name>config</param-name>
    <param-value>WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    </servlet>
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Servlets Summary
    Servlet-Centric Architecture
    Web Tier
    Submit Servlets
    Client(s) Form Other
    execute Enterprise
    Request business
    Web Applications
    Browser logic,
    Display provide data
    Http Page access, and
    Post/Get
    Response Create
    HTML
    pages Database

    Java code in servlets mix together business and presentation layers

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Servlet Summary
    1. A servlet extends functionality of a web server
    similar to an applet in a browser.

    2. Servlets usually:
    1.
    2.
    3.

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Servlet Summary
    1. A servlet extends functionality of a web server
    similar to an applet in a browser.

    2. Servlets usually:
    1) Accept input data
    2) Run or delegate business logics
    3) Dynamically generate HTML response page

    3. In Servlet-based architecture there is a mix

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    JSP Concepts
    JSP, similar to Microsoft ASP Technology, simplifies web design.
    Web Designers who understand HTML can create most of the page
    using HTML tags and leave the rest for programmers

    As compared to ASP, JSP is better language for dynamic part


    Portable to multiple servers and operating systems
    As compared to pure servlets, JSP is more convenient to create HTML
    Can use standard tools (e. g., HomeSite, DreamWeaver MX)
    Model / view / controller paradigm
    JSP programmers still need to know servlet programming

    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0


    Transitional//EN">
    <HTML>
    <HEAD><TITLE>Simple date with JSP</TITLE></HEAD>
    <BODY>
    Todays date is <%= new java.util.Date( ) %>.
    <P>
    Regular HTML for rest of on-line stores Web page
    </BODY>
    </HTML>
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    MVC Model 1: JSP-to-JSP
    Page-Centric Architecture
    Web Tier
    Submit JSPs
    Client(s) Form Other
    with Enterprise
    Request
    Web Applications
    Embedded
    Browser Java Beans
    Display
    Http Page to execute
    Post/Get
    Response business
    logic and
    provide data Database
    access
    Interrelated JSP pages provide presentation, control, and business processing
    with scriplets and embedded Java beans encouraging spaghetti code in JSP.
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    JSP Custom Tag Library
    What is Tag Library?

    Standard actions
    In JSP, actions are elements that can create and access
    programming language objects and affect output
    JSP spec 1.1 defines standard actions that can be used
    to interact with any Bean
    useBean, setProperty, getProperty, include, forward,
    param, plugin

    JSP 1.1 and above supports development of reusable


    modules called custom actions
    A custom action is invoked by using a custom tag in a
    JSP page
    A tag library is a collection of custom tags
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    MVC Model 2 - Better Separation of
    Business and Presentation Layers
    Web Tier
    Servlet
    Submit
    Client(s) Form Controller Other
    Request Enterprise
    Web Applications
    Browser
    Display
    Http Page Web Tier Model
    Post/Get Java Beans
    Response JSPs are
    forming Database
    Service Layer
    The View
    Servlet and JSP work together. Servlet and related classes, like Struts Action,
    control application logic and interact with services while JSP forms the presentation
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Custom Tag Library Examples
    JSTL

    Struts

    WebLogic

    Displaytag

    Your own custom tag library


    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    JSP/Tags Summary/Repetition
    JSP provides better .

    Custom Tags .

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Web Application Development, Best Practices by Jeff Zhuk, JavaSchool.com

    Web Container Components


    Servlet JSP Practice
    Open Dynamic Web Application Project in Eclipse

    Create JSP - index.jsp


    Remember what is JSP?
    Allows some separation of Java and HTML code
    Using JavaBeans as backend helpers
    JSP scriplets provide access to Java in HTML

    Create Servlet train.ServletExample


    Remember what is servlet?
    Standard Java class to handle an HTTP request and
    response
    Often mixes Java and HTML code
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    MVC Model 1: JSP-to-JSP
    Page-Centric Architecture
    Web Tier
    Submit JSPs
    Client(s) Form Other
    with Enterprise
    Request
    Web Applications
    Embedded
    Browser Java Beans
    Display
    Http Page to execute
    Post/Get
    Response business
    logic and
    provide data Database
    access
    Interrelated JSP pages provide presentation, control, and business processing
    with scriplets and embedded Java beans encouraging spaghetti code in JSP.
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    JSP/Tags Summary/Repetition
    JSP provides better .

    Custom Tags .

    Practice ...

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Open NEW Dynamic Web Application
    Project in Eclipse
    NEW Project -
    Web Dynamic Web Project

    Project name: webTrain

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Create index.jsp
    WebContent right mouse click NEW JSP file index.jsp

    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0


    Transitional//EN">
    <HTML>
    <HEAD><TITLE>Simple date with JSP</TITLE></HEAD>
    <BODY>
    Todays date is <%= new java.util.Date( ) %>.
    <P>
    Regular HTML for rest of on-line stores Web page
    </BODY>
    </HTML>

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Deploy Your Application

    Find the webTrain directory in the Eclipse workspace


    Copy the WebContent directory to c:/uop/apps
    Zip the content of the folder (without the folder itself) and
    rename the compressed file into yourName.war

    Email this file to me and I will Copy the file yourName.war to the
    deployment directory, for example, Tomcat/Webapps

    Point the Browser to the following URLs to test your application:


    http://yourServer:8080/yourName/index.jsp

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Servlet Code Planning
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;

    public class AbstractServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse


    response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    //Get HTTP headers, cookies, session and form data from the request
    //Apply business logic, e.g., user authorization
    //Fill outgoing "response" to specify the HTTP response
    //including status code, headers, cookies, session data,
    // send output HTML page back to a client

    }
    }
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Prepare Eclipse to Servlets
    1.Provide the Servlet Library

    Place servlet-api.jar in the Eclipse - WEB-INF/lib

    Right mouse click on the jar Add to Build Path

    2. Create the train package under the src and


    create the ServletExample class in this package

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Servlets Initialization and web.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    ... Keep existing code generated by Ecllipse... and add after the <web-app ......
    <web-app id="WebApp">
    <display-name>yourName</display-name>
    <context-param>
    <param-name>dsName</param-name>
    <param-value>jeffcoTrain</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>train.ServletExample</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <session-config>
    <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
    </web-app>
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]
    Servlets Summary
    Servlet-Centric Architecture
    Web Tier
    Submit Servlets
    Client(s) Form Other
    execute Enterprise
    Request business
    Web Applications
    Browser logic,
    Display provide data
    Http Page access, and
    Post/Get
    Response Create
    HTML
    pages Database

    Java code in servlets mix together business and presentation layers

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Servlet Summary
    1. A servlet extends functionality of a web server
    similar to an applet in a browser.

    2. Servlets usually:
    1.
    2.
    3.

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Servlet Summary
    1. A servlet extends functionality of a web server
    similar to an applet in a browser.

    2. Servlets usually:
    1) Accept input data
    2) Run or delegate business logics
    3) Dynamically generate HTML response page

    3. In Servlet-based architecture there is a mix

    ITS, Inc. [email protected]


    Deploy Your Application
    Make sure that your code was compiled with no read spots
    Find the webTrain directory in the Eclipse workspace
    Copy build/classes into WebContent/WEB-INFO
    Copy the WebContent directory to c:/uop/apps
    Zip the content of the folder (without the folder itself) and
    rename the compressed file into yourName.war
    Deploy the file yourName.war to the deployment directory,
    for example, Tomcat/Webapps

    Point the Browser to the following URLs to test your application:


    http://yourServer:8080/yourName/index.jsp
    http://yourServer:8080/yourName/ServletExample.do
    ITS, Inc. [email protected]

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