DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CAM VICE

PROJECT REPORT 2009-2010

Submitted by
(Team name)

COLLEGE LOGO

Guided by:

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the
Award of Diploma in
-----------------------------------------
By the State Board of Technical Education
Government of
Tamilnadu, Chennai.

DEPARTMENT:
COLLEGE NAME:
PLACE:
 COLLEGE NAME

PLACE

DEPARTMENT

PROJECT REPORT-2008-2009

This Report is certified to be the Bonafide work done by

Selvan/Selvi ---------------- Reg.No. ------------ Of VI Semester

class of this college.

Guide Head of the Department

Submitted for the Practical Examinations of the board of

Examinations, State Board of Technical Education, Chennai,

and TamilNadu. On -------------- (date) held at the ------------

(college name),Coimbatore

Internal Examiner External Examiner

DEDICATED TO OUR BELOVED
PARENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing movement of having successfully completed

our project, we wish to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to the

management of our college and our beloved

chairman------------------------.who provided all the facilities to us.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our principal

------------------for forwarding us to do our project and offering

adequate duration in completing our project.

We are also grateful to the Head of Department

professor., for her/him constructive suggestions

&encouragement during our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest &sincere

thanks to our guide --------------------, Department of Mechanical for

her/him kind guidance and encouragement during this project we also

express our indebt thanks to our TEACHING staff of MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, ---------- (college Name).

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
CAM VICE
CONTENTS
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE

SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Introduction
2 Literature review
3 Description of equipments
3.1 Cam
3.2 Lead screw
3.3 Frame stand
3.4 Lever
3.5 Handle
3.6 Fixed jaw and moving jaw
4 Design and drawing
4.1 Machine components
4.2 Drawing for design and fabrication of cam vice
5 Working principle
6 Merits & demerits
7 Applications
8 List of materials
9 Cost Estimation
10 Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY
LIST OF FIGURES
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
number Title

1 Drawing for design and fabrication of cam vice

SYNOPSIS
 SYNOPSIS

In this project we are fabricate the cam vice. It works in the

principle or eccentric cam mechanism. The main features of the cam

vice are promotes mass production, can hold irregular jobs, more

rigidity, reduce fatigue, etc. Cam was designed to hold the job at high

pressure. The other parts were designed to hold the job in rigid

condition. Cam vice is suitable for mass production. It is possible to

hold irregular components also, and similar components can be very

quickly.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Cam vice is one of the clamping devices used to hold the job in

rigid condition. Cam vice is operated by eccentric cam mechanism.

There is a cam lever. The job can be held tightly in between the jaw.

In this, first the job is place in between jaws, and movable jaw is

adjusted by adjusting the screw rod to maintain according to the

eccentricity of the cam with cam profile. After that, cam lever at the

top is operated so that the job is held tightly in the fixture.

This type of fixture is useful for mass production where only

similar size of jobs is to be held. It reduces operators fatigue and

also reduces stetting time and cost of production.

 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

TYPES OF VISES

Without qualification, "vise" usually refers to a bench vise with flat,

parallel jaws, attached to a workbench.

* A woodworker's bench vise is a more or less integral part of the

bench.

* An engineer's bench vise is bolted onto the top of the bench.

Other kinds of vise include:

* hand vises (hand-held),

* machine vises - drill vises (lie flat on a drill press bed). Vises of

the same general form are used also on milling machines and

grinding machines.

* compound slide vises are more complex machine vises. They

allow speed and precision in the placement of the work.

 * cross vises, which can be adjusted using leadscrews in the X and

Y axes; these are useful if many holes need to be drilled in the same

workpiece using a drill press. Compare router table.

* off-center vises,

* angle vises,

* sine vises, which use solving triangles and gauge blocks to set up

a highly accurate angle,

* rotary vises,

* diemakers' vises,

* table vises,

* pin vises (for holding thin, long cylindrical objects by one end),

* jewellers' vises and by contrast,

* leg vises, which are attached to a bench but also supported from

the ground so as to be stable under the very heavy use imposed by a

blacksmith's work.

WOODWORKING VISES
 For woodworking, the jaws are made of wood, plastic or from

metal, in the latter case they are usually faced with wood to avoid

marring the work piece. The top edges of the jaws are typically

brought flush with the bench top by the extension of the wooden face

above the top of the iron moveable jaw. This jaw may include a dog

hole to hold a bench dog. In modern metal woodworkers' vises, a split

nut is often used. The nut in which the screw turns is in two parts so

that, by means of a lever, it can be removed from the screw and the

moveable jaw can be quickly slid into a suitable position at which

point the nut is again closed onto the screw so that the vise may be

closed firmly onto the work.

METALWORKERS' VISES

For metalworking, the jaws are made of metal which may be

hardened steel with a coarse gripping finish. Quick change removable

soft jaws are being used more frequently to accommodate fast

change-over on set-ups. They are also kept for use where

appropriate, to protect the work from damage.

Metalworking bench vises, known as engineers' or fitters' vises,

are bolted onto the top surface of the bench with the face of the fixed
jaws just forward of the front edge of the bench. The bench height

should be such that the top of the vise jaws is at or just below the

elbow height of the user when standing upright. Where several

people use the one vise, this is a good guide.

The nut in which the screw turns may be split so that, by means

of a lever, it can be removed from the screw and the screw and

moveable jaw quickly slid into a suitable position at which point the

nut is again closed onto the screw. Many fitters prefer to use the

greater precision available from a plain screw vise. The vise may

include other features such as a small anvil on the back of its body.

Vise screws are usually either of an Acme thread form or a

buttress thread. Those with a quick-release nut use a buttress thread.

METALWORKING VISES IN MACHINE SHOPS

In high production machine work, work must be held in the

same location with great accuracy, so CNC machines may perform

operations on an array of vises. To assist this, there are several

machine-shop specific vises and vise accessories.

 Hard and soft machine jaws have a very important difference

between other metalworking vise jaws. The jaws are precision ground

to a very flat and smooth surface for accuracy. These rely on

mechanical pressure for gripping, instead of a rough surface. An

unskilled operator has the tendency to over-tighten jaws, leading to

part deformation and error in the finished workpiece. The jaws

themselves come in a variety of hard and soft jaw profiles, for various

work needs. One can purchase machinable soft jaws, and mill the

profile of the part into them to speed part set-up and eliminate

measurement. This is most commonly done in gang operations,

discussed below. For rectangular parts being worked at 45 degree

angles, prismatic hard jaws exist with V grooves cut into them to hold

the part. Some vises have a hydraulic or pneumatic screw, making

setup not only faster, but more accurate as human error is reduced.

For large parts, an array of regular machine vises may be set

up to hold a part that is too long for one vise to hold. The vises' fixed

jaws are aligned by means of a dial indicator so that there is a

common reference plane for the CNC machine.

 For multiple parts, several options exist, and all machine vise

manufacturers have lines of vises available for high production work.

* The first step is a two clamp vise, where the fixed jaw is in the

center of the vise and movable jaws ride on the same screw to the

outside.

* The next step up is the modular vise. Modular vises can be

arranged and bolted together in a grid, with no space between them.

This allows the greatest density of vises on a given work surface.

This style vise also comes in a two clamp variety.

* Tower vises are vertical vises used in horizontal machining

centers. They have one vise per side, and come in single or dual

clamping station varieties. A dual clamping tower vise, for example,

will hold eight relatively large parts without the need for a tool change.

* Tombstone fixtures follow the same theory as a tower vise.

Tombstones allow four surfaces of vises to be worked on one rotary

table pallet. A tombstone is a large, accurate, hardened block of metal

that is bolted to the CNC pallet. The surface of the tombstone has

holes to accommodate modular vises across all four faces on a pallet

that can rotate to expose those faces to the machine spindle.

 * New work holding fixtures are becoming available for five-axis

machining centers. These specialty vises allow the machine to work

on surfaces that would normally be obscured when mounted in a

traditional or tombstone vise setup.

 CHAPTER III

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
 CHAPTER III

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

3.1. CAM

A cam is a projecting part of a rotating wheel or shaft that

strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path. The cam can

be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam

hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that

produces a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the

follower which is a lever making contact with the cam.

The reason the cam acts as a lever is because the hole is not

directly in the centre, therefore moving the cam rather than just

spinning. On the other hand, some cams are made with a hole

exactly in the centre and their sides act as cams to move the levers

touching them to move up and down or to go back and forth.

3.2. LEAD SCREW

A lead screw also known as a power screw or translation screw,

is a screw designed to translate radial motion into linear motion.

Common applications are machine slides (such as in machine tools),

vises, presses, and jacks.

A lead screw nut and screw mate with rubbing surfaces, and

consequently they have a relatively high friction and stiction

compared to mechanical parts which mate with rolling surfaces and

bearings. Their efficiency is typically between 25 and 70%, with

higher pitch screws tending to be more efficient. A higher performing,

and more expensive, alternative is the ball screw.

The high internal friction means that leadscrew systems are not

usually capable of continuous operation at high speed, as they will

overheat. Due to inherently high stiction, the typical screw is self-

locking (i.e. when stopped, a linear force on the nut will not apply a

torque to the screw) and are often used in applications where

backdriving is unacceptable, like holding vertical loads or in hand

cranked machine tools.

Leadscrews are typically used well greased, but, with an appropriate

nut, it may be run dry with somewhat higher friction. There is often a

choice of nuts, and manufacturers will specify screw and nut

combinations as a set.
The mechanical advantage of a leadscrew is determined by the

screw pitch and lead. For multi-start screws the mechanical

advantage is lower, but the traveling speed is better.

Backlash can be reduced with the use of a second nut to create a

static loading force known as preload; alternately, the nut can be cut

along a radius and preloaded by clamping that cut back together.

A lead screw will back drive. A leadscrew's tendency to backdrive

depends on its thread helix angle, coefficient of friction of the

interface of the components (screw/nut) and the included angle of the

thread form. In general, a steel acme thread and bronze nut will back

drive when the helix angle of the thread is greater than 20.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

The advantages of a leadscrew are:

Large load carrying capability

Compact

Simple to design
 Easy to manufacture; no specialized machinery is required

Large mechanical advantage

Precise and accurate linear motion

Smooth, quiet, and low maintenance

Minimal number of parts

Most are self-locking

The disadvantages are that most are not very efficient.

Due to the low efficiency they cannot be used in continuous

power transmission applications.

They also have a high degree for friction on the threads, which

can wear the threads out quickly.

For square threads, the nut must be replaced; for trapezoidal

threads, a split nut may be used to compensate for the wear.

3.3. FRAME STAND

 Frame stand in this device is made up of combination of sheet

metal or flat rods welded together. The frame stand is used to hold

the fixed jaw, moving jaw, and lever, lead screw, handle and cam

arrangements in this device.

3.4. LEVER

The lever is used to lock and unlock the cam arrangements in

this device. The liver is an easily operateable device in this

equipment.

3.5. HANDLE

The handle is used to adjust operate the lead screw in this

equipment. The handle is fixed one corner of the lead screw.

3.6. FIXED JAW & MOVING JAW

The fixed jaw is stable; the jaw is mounted on the frame stand

in this equipment.
 The moving jaw is easily adjustable by the lead screw

arrangement. We can easily move the moving jaw on this equipment

by rotating the lead screw by handle and operating the lever in cam

arrangement.

CHAPTER IV

DESIGN AND DRAWING

 CHAPTER IV

DESIGN AND DRAWING

4.1. MACHINE COMPONENTS

The DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CAM VICE consists of the

following components to full fill the requirements of complete

operation of the machine.

Cam arrangements

Lead screw

Frame stand

Lever

Handle

Fixed jaw

Moving jaw
4.2. DRAWING FOR DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CAM

VICE
 CHAPTER V

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 CHAPTER V

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The cam vice consists of fixed jaw, moving jaw, lever, lead

screw, handle, cam mechanism and frame stand. The fixed jaw is

fixed on the frame. The moving jaw is arranged parallel through the

fixed jaw. The cam arrangement is placed before the moving jaw. The

cam arrangement consists of lever. The after the cam arrangement

the lead screw is arranged. The lead screw is used to adjust the cam

arrangement in the equipment. The main purpose of the cam vice is

used to clamp and unclamp the same size specimens on it. This vice

is used in mass production. The specimen is placed between the

fixed jaw and moving jaw, and then the cam lever is operated by

manually. The specimen is clamped at a perfect stage, and then the

lead screw is used to fit the correct area in the cam arrangement.

Now we can easily clamp and unclamp the same size of specimens

in this equipment very easily.

 CHAPTER VI

MERITS & DEMERITS

 CHAPTER VI

MERITS & DEMERITS

MERITS

Idle time of the machine is reduced

When compared with the mechanical vices, it continues less

time for clamping and unclamping the job

It reduces the clamping time

Hence, production rate is higher

DEMERITS

Limited size of specimens only clamped in this vice

CHAPTER VII

APPLICATIONS
 CHAPTER VII

APPLICATIONS

Applicable in workshops

Applicable in small and medium scale industries

 CHAPTER VIII

LIST OF MATERIALS
 CHAPTER VIII

LIST OF MATERIALS

FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS

The various factors which determine the choice of material are

discussed below.

1. PROPERTIES

The material selected must posses the necessary properties for

the proposed application. The various requirements to be satisfied

Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand

environmental attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials

decisively affect their selection

Physical

Mechanical

From manufacturing point of view

Chemical
 The various physical properties concerned are melting point,

thermal Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion,

specific gravity, electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.

The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,

Compressive shear, bending, torsion and buckling load, fatigue

resistance, impact resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit, and

modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance and sliding

properties.

The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point

of view are,

Cast ability

Weld ability

Surface properties

Shrinkage

Deep drawing etc.

2. MANUFACTURING CASE
 Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or

surface qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating

substances may demand the use of special materials.

3. QUALITY REQUIRED

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately

the material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of

a less number of components which can be fabricated much more

economically by welding or hand forging the steel.

4. AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply, it then

becomes obligatory for the designer to use some other material which

though may not be a perfect substitute for the material designed. The

delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also be

kept in mind.

5. SPACE CONSIDERATION

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected

because the forces involved are high and space limitations are there.

6. COST
 As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of

material plays an important part and should not be ignored.

Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-

maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of

proper materials.
 CHAPTER IX

COST ESTIMATION
 CHAPTER IX

COST ESTIMATION

1. MATERIAL COST

2. LABOUR COST

Lathe, drilling, welding, drilling, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost

3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES

The overhead charges are arrived by manufacturing cost

Manufacturing Cost = Material Cost + Labor Cost

Overhead Charges = 20%of the manufacturing cost

4. TOTAL COST

Total cost = Material Cost +Labor Cost +Overhead Charges

 =

Total cost for this project =

CHAPTER X

CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER X

CONCLUSION

This project is made with pre planning, that it provides flexibility

in operation.

This innovation has made the more desirable and economical.

This project DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CAM VICE is

designed with the hope that it is very much economical and help full

to workshops, small and medium scale industries.

This project helped us to know the periodic steps in completing

a project work. Thus we have completed the project successfully.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Design data book -P.S.G.Tech.

2. Machine tool design handbook Central machine tool Institute,

Bangalore.

3. Strength of Materials - R.S.Kurmi

4. Manufacturing Technology - M.Haslehurst.

5. Design of machine elements - R.S.Kurmi

PHOTOGRAPHY