Finite Element Analysis Used For Determination The Endurance of Surfaces
Finite Element Analysis Used For Determination The Endurance of Surfaces
Finite Element Analysis Used For Determination The Endurance of Surfaces
Abstract: - The paper shows a mean of prediction of the endurance of surfaces by using the finite element analysis. In
the case of surfaces that have been subjected to repeated strain, wearing, which is a consequence of the mechanical and
chemical behaviour of the material, may become critical to some friction based applications which imply the friction of
carrier surfaces. The model presented, made be means of the finite element analysis using the ANSYS package is
placed at a medium level of prediction of the war based on Archards theory. In order to simulate and compute the wear
by using ANSYS, creep is used. The input data for the modelling have been obtained by measurement. The results
obtained by modelling are very close to those obtained experimentally.
where: C1, C2, C3 and C4 are constants input In order to create the geometry, the Preprocessor
by the user. is activated from the main menu, which generates the
For each time step, the creep strain is computed geometry of the volumes of base material and welding
by using the second equation and then the incremental band Fig.2. The base material has the sizes 2x4x0.4
creep strain is multiplied to the time span and added to
inches, and the welding band 0.6x0.12 inches. The
the previous creep strain.
meshing of the volume of base material and the welding
band Fig.3 is made by means of the Solid 5 (3-D 8-
Node) element.
2 Creating the geometry, mesing and The nodes and the elements corresponding to the
definition of the contact pair welding band of hard added material laid onto the base
The model Fig.5 is made up of two bodies: an material are selected and replaced by the Solid 5 with
inferior one a parallelepiped which the properties of Targe170 Fig.4.
the base material are added, onto which the welding
band made up of 1 - 3 hard layers approximately 1
mm thick is laid, with enhanced values of hardness
(layer 1 58 HRC, layer 3 66 HRC and layer 3
68 HRC) and the upper one a hard plate which during
the wearing process comes in contact with the over
heightening of the welding band.
For the modelling, three elements are used: SOLID 5 (3-
D Coupled-Field Solid), CONTA174 (3-D 8-Node
Surface-to-Surface) and TARGE170 (3-D Target
Segment), shown in Fig.1.
Fig. 2. Generating the volumes
of the base material
and that of the welding band
At a distance from the over heightening of the 3 Results regarding creep strain
welding band Fig.5, a rectangular contact are is created In the case of this mode, the creep becomes an
which abstracts with just on element type Conta174. instrument for measuring wear. The results of the
analysis are presented in the Postprocessor by selecting
2.1 Performing the analysis the elements of the type Solid 5.
A nonlinear analysis in three loading steps is performed. Figure 7 shows the von Mises creep strain at the end
The first step consists of a Z-wise movement in the of the loading steps in isometric depiction with auto
negative direction Fig.6, in order to perform contact computed scaling and isometric and upfront view with
between the hard (abrasive) surface and the over real scaling. It can be observed that the surface is
heightening of the welding band, with rheological smoother.
properties defines in the Preprocessor. In table 1, the creep strain values with the respective
time of the loading steps are presented.
a
Fig. 7. The von Mises creep strain
at the end of the loading step
Table 1
Time / 20 Creep strain 4 Conclusion
[s] [mm]
Modelling by means of the finite element model, in
this case using the ANSYS package, allows making a
0 0
prediction of the wearing behaviour of hardened surfaces
6 0.0355
12 0.0711 by lying down through welding.
18 0.1062 This method relieves the researcher from having to
24 0.1388 perform further mechanical trials.
30 0.1534 The input data for the modelling by finite element
36 0.1659 method have been the values obtained by measurements,
42 0.1769 where most of the times it is necessary for just one input
48 0.1863 value to be taken by measurement in order to scale the
54 0.1945 model onto reality.
60 0.2016 The results obtained by modelling have been very
66 0.2077 close to those resulted experimentally.
72 0.2130 It is possible to analyse the wearing phenomenon at
78 0.2175 a macroscopic scale.
84 0.2215 The model presented is placed at a medium level of
90 0.2248 prediction of the wear based on the Archard theory.
96 0.2278 Details regarding the behaviour to wear of the
surface by introducing effort in the equation of the wear
By using the creep-time value pairs, resulted from can be highlighted through computations.
the analysis with finite elements, the variation curve
presented in Fig.8 is built. The shape of the curve is the
same as that of the wear curve. References:
A relation which approximates the dependency [1]N.P.Suh.http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Mechanical
of the creep strain with time, determined by the same -Engineering/2-800Fall-2004/3EB7EE5A-43BF-
spreadsheet program, TC2D, is presented in Fig.9. 4B4B-860B-1FD57DD8207F/0/ch4a_wear_intro.pdf
[2] Archard, J. F. and Hirst, W. Wear of metals under
0.25
unlubricated conditions. Proceedings of the Royal
0.2 Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and
Physical Sciences, Vol.236, No.1206. (Aug. 2, 1956),
Creep strain
0.15