ALTERNATIVES TO

OHIO'S INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES

The invasive plants in the left-hand column have been identified as problematic in Ohio's natural areas;
many of these species are commercially available. The plants in the right-hand column are recommended
alternatives to these invasive species, most of which are native to Ohio or the midwest region.

PURPOSES FOR THE SALE OR INTRODUCTION OF INVASIVE PLANTS:

1 wildlife food, 2 wildlife habitat, 3 aesthetic, 4 screening/windbreak, 5 erosion control, 6 fast growth,
7 low maintenance, 8 ground cover, 9 green manure, 10 forage crop

Invasive Species (Woody) Alternatives

Amelanchier arborea (serviceberry)
Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian-olive) Amelanchier laevis (serviceberry)
Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry)
Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn-olive) Asimina triloba (paw-paw)
Calycanthus floridus (Carolina allspice) *
Rhamnus cathartica (European or Cephalanthus occidentalis (buttonbush)
common buckthorn) Cornus ammomun (silky dogwood)
Cornus racemosa (grey dogwood)
Rhamnus frangula (glossy buckthorn) Crataegus crus-galli (Crusader/ Inermis hawthorn)
Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washington hawthorn) *
1, 2, 4, 6, 7 Crataegus viridis (Winterking hawthorn) *
Hamamelis virginiana (witch-hazel)
Hydrangea arborescens (wild hydrangea)
Ilex verticillata (winterberry)
Lindera benzoin (spicebush)
Physocarpus opulifolius (ninebark)
Prunus americana (American plum)
Prunus viginiana (choke-cherry)
Rhamnus caroliniana (Carolina buckthorn/Indian cherry)
Sambucus canadensis (common elder)
Sambucus pubens (red-berried elder)
Staphylea trifolia (bladder nut)
Viburnum dentatum (arrow-wood)
Viburnum lentago (nannyberry)
Viburnum prunifolium (black haw)
Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) Amelanchier arborea (serviceberry)
Amelanchier laevis (serviceberry)
Lonicera morrowii (Morrow honeysuckle) Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry)
Clethra alnifolia (summersweet) *
Lonicera tatarica (Tatarian honeysuckle) Cornus alternifolia (alternate-leaf dogwood)
Corylus americana (American hazelnut)
Lonicera Xbella (showy pink honeysuckle) Crataegus crus-galli (Crusader/ Inermis hawthorn)
Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washington hawthorn) *
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Crataegus viridis (Winterking hawthorn) *
Hamamelis virginiana (witch-hazel)
Lindera benzoin (spicebush)
Physocarpus opulifolius (ninebark)
Rhus copallina (shining or winged sumac)
Viburnum prunifolium (black haw)
Invasive Species (Woody) Alternatives
Amorpha fruticosa (false indigo) *
Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) Cornus racemosa (grey dogwood)
Cornus sericea (red osier dogwood)
Euonymus alatus (winged euonymus) Euonymus atropurpureus (wahoo)
Euonymus obovatus (strawberry bush)
Ligustrum obtusifolium (border privet) Ilex glabra (inkberry) *
Itea virginica (Virginia sweetspire, 'Henry's garnet') *
Ligustrum vulgare (common privet) Potentilla fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil)
Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac)
Viburnum opulus var. opulus (European Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)
cranberry-bush) Vaccinium stamineum (deerberry)
Viburnum acerifolium (maple-leaf viburnum)
Viburnum dentatum (arrow-wood)
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 Viburnum lentago (nannyberry)
Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (withe-rod)
Viburnum prunifolium (black haw)
Rosa carolina (pasture rose)
Rosa canina (dog rose) Rosa setigera (prairie rose)
Spiraea tomentosa (hardhack or steeple-bush)
Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) Spiraea alba (meadowsweet)

1, 2, 3, 4

Invasive Species (Vines) Alternatives

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (porcelain berry) Ampelopsis cordata (heartleaf ampelopsis)
Clematis virginiana (virgin's bower)
Celastrus orbiculatus (Asian bittersweet) Lonicera sempervirens (trumpet honeysuckle)
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper)
Euonymus fortunei (wintercreeper)

Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle)

3, 4, 7, 8

Invasive Species (Groundcover) Alternatives

Asarum canadensis (wild ginger)
Coronilla varia (crown-vetch) Carex muskingumensis (Muskingum sedge)
Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania sedge)
Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) Euonymus obovatus (strawberry bush)
Hypericum hypericoides (St. Andrew's cross)
Lysimachia nummularia (moneywort) Hypericum pyramidatum (great St. John's wort)
Mitchella repens (partridgeberry, twinberry)
Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed) Oenothera missouriensis (Missouri primrose) *
(P. reynoutria or Fallopia japonica) Phlox stolonifera (creeping phlox)
Phlox subulata (moss-pink)
Ranunculus ficaria (lesser celandine) Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac, cultivar gro-low)
Sedum ternatum (wild stonecrop)
Vinca minor (periwinkle or myrtle) Solidago sphacelata (golden fleece)
Viola sororia (common blue violet)
3, 6, 7, 8 Viola striata (creamy violet)
Invasive Species (Wildflowers) Alternatives**
Aster ericoides (heath aster)
Aster lateriflorus (calico aster)
Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace) Aster novae-angliae (New England aster)
Aster pilosus (common white aster)
Hemerocallis fulva (day-lily) Aster puniceus (purple-stemmed aster)
Eupatorium altissimum (tall boneset)
Hesperis matronalis (dame's rocket) Eupatorium rugosa (white snakeroot)
Hybrid lilies Non-native, but non-invasive
Saponaria officinalis (bouncing bet) Lilium canadense (Canada lily)
Lilium michiganense (Michigan lily)
Oenothera missouriensis (Missouri primrose) *
Phlox divaricata (wild blue phlox)
1, 2, 3, 7 Phlox paniculata (garden phlox)
Phlox pilosa (downy phlox)
Ratibida pinnata (yellow coneflower)
Sedum ternatum (wild stonecrop)
Solidago rigida (stiff goldenrod)
Solidago rugosa (fireworks cultivar)
Solidago speciosa (showy golden rod)
Ornithogalum umbellatum (Star-of-Bethlehem) No alternative recommended

Invasive Species (Agricultural) Alternatives

Melilotus alba (white sweet-clover) Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat)
Trifolium incarnatum Non-native, but non-invasive
Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet-clover)
9

Invasive Species (Grasses) Alternatives

Agropyron repens (quack-grass) Dry Habitats:
Bouteloua curtipendula (side oats)
Bromus inermis (smooth brome) Chasmanthium latifolium (wild oats)
Eragrostis spectablis (purple lovegrass)
Festuca arundinacea - Kentucky 31 (meadow fescue) Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)
Festuca pratensis (meadow fescue) Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem)
Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass)
Microstegium vimineum (Nepalgrass)
Mesic to Wet Habitats:
Miscanthus sinensis (Chinese silvergrass) Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem)
Calamagrostis canadensis (reed-grass)
Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass)*** Elymus canadensis (Canada rye)
Elymus hystrix (bottlebrush-grass)
Phragmites australis (common reed grass)*** Elymus virginicus (Virginia rye)
Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)
Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass)
Spartina pectinata (prairie cord grass)
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 Tripsacum dactyloides (gama grass)
Invasive Species (Wetland) Alternatives**
Butomus umbellatus (flowering-rush) Chelone glabra (turtlehead)
Eupatorium fistulosum (joe-pye-weed)
Iris pseudacorus (yellow flag) Eupatorium maculatum (spotted joe-pye weed)
Eupatorium purpureum (sweet-scented joe-pye weed)
Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) Hibiscus laevis (smooth rose mallow)
Hibiscus moschuetos (swamp rose mallow)
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (water-cress) Iris versicolor (larger blue flag)
Iris virginica (blue flag)
1, 3, 7 Liatris aspera (rough blazing star)
Liatris scariosa (eastern blazing star)
Liatris spicata (dense or spiked blazingstar)
Lobelia cardinalis (cardinal flower)
Lobelia siphilitica (great blue lobelia)
Monarda didyma (bee-balm)
Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot)
Physostegia virginiana (obedient plant)
Rosa palustris (swamp rose)
Sagittaria latifolia (common arrowhead)
Saururus cernuus (lizard's tail)
Sium suave (water parsnip)
Tradescantia ohiensis (Ohio spiderwort)
Verbena hastata (blue vervain)
Vernonia altissima (tall ironweed)
Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's root)
Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail) Arundinaria gigantea (giant cane)
Carex lacustris (lake sedge)
Typha Xglauca (hybrid cattail) Carex muskingumensis (Muskingum sedge)
Carex stricta (tussock sedge)
Carex vulpinoidea (fox sedge)
1, 2, 7 Juncus effusus (common rush)
Juncus torreyi (Torrey's rush)
Scirpus fluviatilis (river bulrush)
Scirpus validus (softstem bulrush)
Sparganium americanum (bur-reed)
Spartina pectinata (prairie cord grass)
Invasive Species Not Sold Alternatives
Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) No recommendations as these species are generally
Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) not commercially available.
Carduus nutans (nodding thistle)
Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed)
Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle)
Conium maculatum (poison hemlock)
Convulvulus arvensis (field bindweed)
Dioscorea batatas (air-potato, cinnamon-vine)
Dipsacus fullonum (sylvestris ) (common teasel)
Dipsacus laciniatus (cut-leaved teasel)
Epilobium hirsutum (hairy willow-herb)
Epilobium parviflorum (small-flowered hairy willow herb)
Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian water-milfoil)
Najas minor (lesser naiad)
Polygonum perfoliatum (mile-a-minute vine)
Polygonum sachalinense (giant knotweed)
Potamogeton crispus (curly pondweed)
Pueraria lobata (kudzu)
Vincetoxicum nigrum (black swallow-wort)

* indicates native to region, but not Ohio

** see additional recommendations in other native wildflower garden or wetland literature
*** these species may have native and non-native strains in Ohio

This list was developed in September 2001 by the ODNR Division of Natural Areas & Preserves,
The Nature Conservancy, and the Columbus & Franklin County Metro Park District in cooperation with
The Holden Arboretum, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Akron Garden Club,
The Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden, Miami University (Dr. Michael Vincent),
and the Ohio Prairie Association (John Blakeman).

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:

Ohio Division of Wildlife

Wildlife Management & Research Section
2045 Morse Road, Blg. G
Columbus, Ohio 43229
614/265-6309