Levels of Development

26/03/2017 LevelsofDevelopment
Levels of Development
Inmyopinion,theLevelsofDevelopmentarethegreatestcontributionto
EnneagramtheorymadebyDonRisoandRussHudson.Mostoftheinfoonthis
pagecomesfromtheirbooksPersonalityTypesandUnderstandingtheEnneagram.
Ihaveaddedmyownideasaswell.
Overview
TheLevelsofDevelopmentdescribeaframeworkthatexistswithineachpersonality
type.
TherearenineLevelsofDevelopment(nottobeconfusedwiththeninepersonality
types).Therearethreelevelsinthe"healthy"range(levels1,2,3)threelevelsin
the"average"range(levels4,5,6)andthreelevelsinthe"unhealthy"range
(7,8,9).
Ateachlevel,weemploydifferentstrategiestoreinforceouridentity
Healthy Range
Level1 Inthehealthyrange,wearenotstronglyidentifiedwithour
identity.Wearefreetoexpressourselvesthroughawiderangeof
Level2 behaviour.Webelievethatwecanexpressandreinforceour
identitythroughlettinggoofitandbyactinginamanner
Level3 consistentwithit.
Average Range
Level4 Inthisrange,someimbalancearisesandtheirscopeofconcern
narrows.Wefocusmoreonouridentityandwantotherstoseeus
Level5
acertainway.Weusesocialroles,manipulation,andcontrolling
Level6 otherstoreinforceouridentity.
Unhealthy Range
Level7 Intheunhealthyrange,ourfocusissonarrowedonouridentity
Level8 thatweoftenbreakwithreality.Weseeourselvesinawaythatis
Level9 completelydifferentfromhowothersseeus.
Level 1: The Level of Liberation

AtLevelOneweletgoofourselfimage.Wenolongerseeourselvesinanarrow
andincompleteway.WeintegratethequalitiesrejectedatLevelTwoandtrulycome
tobalancewithourselves.Werealizethatweinfactpossesswhatwehavealways
http://www.fitzel.ca/enneagram/levels.html 1/19
sought.OurbasicdesirearoseatLevelTwobecausewenolongerseecertain
qualitieswithinus.
Type One: Wise Realist

Desire & Strategy Behaviour
Letsgooftheirforcedgoodness,order Wise,Accepting,noble,pure,kind,
andattachmenttoselfimage. realistic
Letsgoofbeliefthattheyareina Trulygood,haveintegrity,andarein
positiontojudgeanythingobjectively. balancewiththeirworld
HavefaiththattheUniversewillunfoldas
itshouldandthattheyarepartofthat
perfectreality
Type Two: Disinterested Altruist

Letsgoofforcedloveandattachmentto LovingUnconditionally,Altruism,humble,
selfimage. gracious,joyous,charitable
Letsgoofthebeliefthattheyarenot Theyloveandarelovedunconditionally.
allowedtotakecareofthemselvesand Believethatgoodnesswillhappeneven
theirownneeds. withouttheirinvolvement.
Type Three: Authentic Person

Letsgoofforcedvalueandselfimage. Authentic,modest,genuine,charitable,
Letsgoofthedependencyonthe contented
positiveregardofothersandtheir Aretrulyesteemedandpraisedbyothers
achievementstomakethemfeel Believethateverythinginexistence
valuable. (includingthemselves)hasintrinsicvalue
andistobeesteemedandhonoured.
Type Four: Inspired Creator

Letsgooftheirforceduniquenessand Profoundlycreative,expressingthe
attachmenttotheirselfimage personalandtheuniversal
Letsgoofthebeliefthattheyare Inspired,abletotransformalltheir
missingsomethingthatothershave experiencesintosomethingvaluable
Type Five: Pioneering Visionary

Letsgoofforcedintelligenceand Participating,knowing,clearminded,
attachmenttotheirselfimage comprehending
Letsgoofthebeliefthattheyare Trueknowingcomesfromparticipating
separatefromtheenvironment Feelconnectedtotheworld
Type Six: Valiant Hero

Letsgoofforcedsupportoutsideof Extremelytrustworthy,emotionallyopen
themselvesandtheirselfimage andbondedwithothers
Letsgoofthebeliefthattheymustrely Providesupportandguidancetoothers
onsomeone/somethingoutside Accesstheirowninnerguidanceandfeel
themselvesforsecurity liketheUniversesupportsthem
Type Seven: Ecstatic Appreciator

Letsgoofforcedjoyandthe Canfullyappreciateandinternalizethe
attachmenttotheirselfimage depthandmeaningoftheirexperiences.
Letsgoofthebeliefthattheyrequire Verygratefulandconnectedtothe
specificobjectsandexperiencestofeel present.
fulfilled.
Type Eight: Magnanimous Heart

Letsgoofforcedstrengthandtheir Compassionate,empowering,yetgentle
attachmenttotheirselfimage InsyncwiththeWillandDirectionofthe
Letsgoofthebeliefthattheymust Universe,nolongeragainstit.
alwaysbeincontroloftheir SurrenderthemselvestotheUniverseand
environment. havefaithinitsunfolding.
Type Nine: Self-Possessed Guide

Letsgoofforcedpeaceandattachment Independent,Dynamic,Selfaware,
toselfimage. exuberant,serene
Letsgoofbeliefthattheirparticipation Possessinnerstability/peaceofmind
intheworldisunimportant. Fullyempoweredandindependent,in
unionwiththemselvesandtheuniverse.
Level 2: The Level of Psychological

Capacity
AtLevel2,weattainthefullpotentialthatourpersonalityaffords.Ourpersonality
isguidedbyabasicdesirethatservesasthedrivingmotivationofmostofour
behaviour.Thismotivationremainslargelyintact(althoughsometimesdistorted)
throughoutthelevels.
Atthisstage,webegintoidentifywithcertainqualitieswithinourselves.These
qualitiesareseenaspositiveandweemphasizetheirpresencewithinus.For
example,Oneswillstresstheirobjectivity,theirreason,andtheirmoderation.We
believethatbyidentifyingwithandexercisingthesequalitiestheywillbeableto
attaintheirbasicdesire.Forthemostpart,peopleatthislevelareveryopen
mindedandtolerant.However,thesequalitiesbegintocolourourviewoftheworld.
Andalthoughwehavepreferencesatthislevel,wecanactlargelywithoutbias.
Aselfimagethereforedevelopsbecauseweseeourselvesincorporatingthese
qualities.Atthislevel,ourselfawarenessisveryclear:theselfimageisan
accuratereflectionofourselves.Werecognizeourgifts,talents,andqualitiesand
wetrustinthem.Wedefinewhowearebasedonthevalueswithwhichwe've
identified.Forexample,aTwowillidentifywithqualitiesofloving,caring,and
compassion(amongmanyothers).Twoshaveaselfimagethatcouldbedescribed
as"Iamaloving,caringperson."Twoswillcontinuetoseethemselvesthisway
throughoutthelevels(althoughothersmaynotseetheTwointhesameway).
Byshiftingtheirfocustowardssomeoftheirqualities,theyshiftawayfromtheir
otherqualities.Forexample,Ninesidentifystronglywiththeirqualitiesofinner
peace,relaxation,beingcalm,etc.Atthesametime,Ninestendtodistance
themselvesfromtheirownqualitiesofassertion,beingdynamic,voicingtheir
opinions,standinguptoothers,etc.Inordertofocusanddevelopsomequalities,
otheronesareoverlookedandunderdeveloped.
Weseeherethatidentificationwithcertainqualitiesleadstoaparticularselfimage.
Notallofthequalitieswepossessareconsistentwiththatselfimage.
Consequently,wemustdisregardoroverlooksomeofourqualitiesinorderto
maintainaconsistentsenseofself.Inotherwords,wetendtonurturesome
qualitiesattheexpenseofunderdevelopingotherones.Theshiftoffocusissubtle
atthislevel,butitsetsthestageforastrongeridentificationinthesubsequent
levels.
Atlevel2,wehavefocussedonasubsetofourqualities.Assoonasweidentify
withcertainqualities,weimmediatelydisidentifywithotherones.Bydefiningwho
weare,wealsodefinewhowearenot.Thisstrategybeginstolimitwhowebelieve
weareandwebegintoshutourcertainqualitiesthatcompriseourfullhuman
potential.
Type One: Reasonable Person
Basic Desire & Basic Fear Behaviour

BasicFear:beingbadorcorrupt Reasonable,Conscientious,Theresa
BasicDesire:Tobegood,tohaveintegrity, sensiblewayofhandlingthings
andtobeinbalancewitheverything SelfImage:Iamsensible,moderate,
andobjective.
Emphasizetheirreason,moderation,
morality,objectivity
Rejecttheirselfindulgence,
subjectivity,orselfinterest
Type Two: Caring Person

BasicFear:beingunlovedandunwanted Loving,EmpatheticIcareaboutyou
BasicDesire:tobeloved people
SelfImage:Iamacaring,loving
person.
Emphasizetheirloving,caring,
selflessness,concern,kindness
Rejecttakingcareoftheirownneeds
Type Three: Self-Assured Person

BasicFear:beingworthless Desirable,AdaptableIcanbeanything
BasicDesire:tofeelworthwhile,accepted, Iwantto
anddesired SelfImage:Iamanoutstanding,
effectiveperson.
Emphasizetheirattractiveness,
effectiveness,unlimitedpotential
Rejecttheirownfeelings
Type Four: Self-Aware Intuitive

BasicFear:havingnoidentityorpersonal Sensitive,Introspective,Ivegottobe
significance me.
BasicDesire:tohaveasignificantand SelfImage:Iamanintuitive,
meaningfulidentifybasedontheirinner sensitiveperson.
experience Emphasizetheirsensitivity,
uniqueness,selfawareness,self
honesty
Rejectthingsincommonwithothers
(ordinariness)
Type Five: Perceptive Observer


BasicFear:beinghelplessandincapable Curious,Fascinated,Whatsgoingon
BasicDesire:tobecapableandcompetent here?
SelfImage:Iamanintelligent,
perceptiveperson.
Emphasizetheirperceptiveness,
intelligence,curiosity,independence
Rejectparticipationwithand
dependenceonothers
Type Six: Engaging Friend

BasicFear:havingnosupportand Reliable,Engaging,Canwebefriends?
guidance WhatcanItrust?
BasicDesire:tofindsecurityandsupport SelfImage:Iamacommitted,
responsible,anddependableperson.
Emphasizetheirreliability,
trustworthiness,caution,questioning
Rejecttheirowninnerguidance
Type Seven: Free-Spirited Optimist

BasicFear:beingdeprivedandtrappedin Enthusiastic,excitable,spontaneous,If
pain lifegivesyoulemons,youmake
BasicDesire:tobehappyandsatisfied lemonade
SelfImage:Iamahappy,
enthusiasticperson.
Emphasizetheirenthusiasm,
spontaneity,eagerness,optimism
Rejectgratitudeforthepresent
experienceandwhattheyhave
Type Eight: Self-Con dent Person

BasicFear:beingharmedorcontrolledby Strong,SelfReliant,Iamthemaster
others ofmyfate
BasicDesire:toprotectthemselvesand SelfImage:Iamastrong,assertive
determinetheirowncourseinlife person.
Emphasizetheirstrength,assertion,
resourcefulness,independence
Rejecttheirvulnerableside(emotional
needs)
Type Nine: Receptive Person

BasicFear:Lossofconnection Peaceful,humble,gentle,Iwontbe
Basicdesire:Tohaveinnerstability knockedoffbalance
SelfImage:Iamapeaceful,
easygoingperson.
Emphasizeownpeace,stability,
harmony,unity,gentleness
Rejecttheirpassions,strongemotions,
assertion
Level 3: The Level of Social Value
Atlevel3weformastrongeridentificationwithourselfimage.Itisnolonger
sufficienttoseeourselvesinacertainwaytocounteractunderlyinganxieties.
Instead,wedesiretoshowotherswhowearetoreinforceourselfimage.
Atthislevel,werelatetoothersprimarily(butnotexclusively)throughourqualities
andgifts.Wewanttoshareourtalentsandourabilities,believingthattheywill
haveapositiveimpactonthosearoundus.Wetrytonurtureinothersthesame
qualitiesthatwehaveidentifiedwith.Wewanttohelp,teach,andstrengthen
otherstorealizetheirfullpotentialandweshareinthedelightofothers'successes.
Forexample,Eightsatthislevelwilltrytoempowerotherstobestrongand
independent.Thisformofmentoringisnotimposedonothers,wearesimplyacting
witheveryone'sbestinterestsinmind.Inthismanner,wecontributeourgiftsina
veryconstructiveandbeneficialway.
Despiteadeepdesiretoshowotherswhoweare,wedon'tseekvalidationofour
selfimagefromothers.Theresnoneedtodoso,becauseweknowthatour
healthybehaviourisadirectmanifestationofthesequalitiesandstandsonitsown.
Simplybyexpressingourselfimagethroughactionwereinforceourselfimage.By
interactingwithothers,wecreateandsustainrelationshipsandsupportsystems.
Webelievetheserelationshipswillhelpmeetourneeds.
Atlevel3,weareconfidentinourownabilitytocopewiththeworld.Notbecause
weareproudoregotistical,butbecausewebelieveinourvalues.Webelievethey
arethepathtofulfillmentandatthislevelwebelievethatexpressingthese
qualitieswillmakeusfeelfulfilled.However,we'renotsoattachedtoourselfimage
thatweonlyseethingsoneway.We'renotafraidtobedifferentortoquestionthe
statusquo.
Theselfesteemplaysaroleatthislevel.Webegintofeelgoodaboutourselves
whenwearebehavinginamannerthat'sconsistentwithourselfimage.Atlevel3,
ourqualitiesserveasasetofguidingprinciplesthatweapplytoourselves.Aslong
aswefollowtheseguidelines,wefeelthatwearegoodpeople.
Ourbehaviouratlevel3hasbecomenoticeablymorelimitedthanattheprevious
level.Itisn'tenoughtothinkofourselvesinacertainway,wehavetoactina
certainway.Theselfesteemreinforcestheseactions,becauseitmakesusfeel
goodwhenweactinthatway.Ifwechoosetobehavedifferently,wemayget
anxiousorlessconfidentinourselves.
Type One: Principled Teacher

Desiretoactinaccordancewiththeir Relatetoothersprimarilybybeing
conscienceandreason responsibleandprincipled
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough IhaveamissioninlifeImnothere
doinggoodthings tofoolaround
ImagoodpersonifIdowhatsright.
Type Two: Nurturing Helper

Desiretodogoodthingsforothers. Relatetoothersprimarilybygiving,
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough supportive
generosityandservicetoothers. Iamgladtobeabletogivetoothers
ImagoodpersonifIamloved.
Type Three: Outstanding Paragon

Desiretodevelopthemselves Relatetoothersprimarilybyself
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough improving,ambitious
selfdevelopment IworkhardIcandoit
ImagoodpersonifIdosomething
valuable.
Type Four: Self-Revealing Individual

Desiretoexpresstheirindividualityto Relatetoothersprimarilybycreative,
themselvesandothers authentic
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough HereIam,wartsandall.
creativityandselfexpression ImagoodpersonifIremaintrueto
myself.
Type Five: Focussed Innovator

Desiretomastersomethingtogain Relatetoothersprimarilybybeing
confidence Inventive,exploratory
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough Whatifwetrieditthisway?
masteryandinnovation ImagoodpersonifIvecompletely
masteredsomething.
Type Six: Committed Worker

Desiretocreateandsustainsupport/ Relatetoothersprimarilyby
securitysystems cooperative,committed
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough Youcandependonme
cooperationandcommitment ImagoodpersonifIvecoveredall
mybasesandIdowhatisexpectedof
me
Type Seven: Accomplished Generalist

Desiretodothingswhichwillinsurethat Relatetoothersprimarilybybeing
theywillhavewhattheyneed prolific,realistic,versatile
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough Lifeisabanquet
tryingoutnewthings ImagoodpersonifIfeelgoodand
getwhatIwant.
Type Eight: Constructive Leader

Desiretoprovetheirstrengththrough Relatetoothersprimarilybyleading,
actionorachievement beingdecisive,providing
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough Icanlookoutforyou
leadership,andachievement ImagoodpersonifIamstrongand
incontrol.
Type Nine: Supportive Peacemaker

Desiretocreateandmaintainpeaceand Relatetoothersprimarilythrough
harmonyintheirenvironment supportingandmediating
Reinforce&demonstrateselfimagethrough Don'tcryoverspilledmilk...
supporting,reconciling,andcomforting I'magoodpersonifeveryonearound
others meisgettingalong.
Level 4: The Level of Imbalance

AtLevel4,webecomemoreattachedtoourselfimagethanatLevel3.Wenow
believethatbystrivingafterthequalitiesidentifiedatLevel2,wewillbeableto
meetourneeds.Wealsotendtorejectourqualitiesandbehavioursthatarenot
consistentwiththequalitiesthatwehaveidentifiedwith.Thefocusonourself
imagecomesatthepriceofnarrowingourscopeofconcern.
Anidealizationofvalues/qualitiestakesplace.Ourworldviewbeginstopolarize
betweentwoextremes:oneofwhichisassociatedwithourownvaluesand
qualitiestheotherisassociatedwithourfears.Forexample,atypeOneatLevel4
willidealizevaluesoforganization,doingwhatsright,hardwork,etc.Atthesame
time,theybegintofeardisorganization,makingmistakes,andnotworkinghard
enough.
Despitethispolarizationofvalues,thereisstillsomemiddleground.However,we
havedifficulttimedealingwithsituationsthatfallinthegrayarea.Forexample,a
typeOneatLevel4oftenseesthingsintermsofgoodandbad.Onesdealwith
moralambiguitybytryingtoadoptafirmstanceitsdifficulttoacceptandlive
withuncertainty.
AtLevel4,wenoticethatthequalitieswepossessarenotwidelypossessedby
others.Infact,wesometimesusethesequalitiesasametrictomeasuretheworth
ofothers.Eights,forexample,willmeasurethestrengthofothersFivesmeasure
theintelligenceofothers.Mostofthetime,wefeelslightlysuperior,becausemost
oftenwebelievethatwepossessthesequalitiesmorethanothers.
Atlevel4,wehavegivenintoaCharacteristicTemptation(differentforeachtype).
TheCharacteristicTemptationisalimitedwayofthinkingandbehavingthatseems
tobeananswertowhatwewant.Unfortunately,itisnotapermanentsolutionto
ourproblems.Instead,itisaquickfixthattrapsusinarepetitivepatternthat
doesnothaveourbestinterestsatheart.
Oneoftheaspectsinwhichourbehaviourbecomesmorelimitedisinour
relationships.Weseeourselvesacertainway(selfimage)and,atLevel4,wereally
wanttoprovetootherstherealityofourselfimage.Inordertoprovewhowe
are,werelatetoothersthroughacertainrole,calledtheSocialRole.
TheSocialRoleisaverylimitedwayofinteractingwithothersthatmakesusfeel
comfortableandsecure.InourSocialRole,wearetryingtogetotherstoseeinus
thequalitiesofourselfimage.Forexample,atypeThreewantstobeseenasa
Winner.Threesseekoutsituationswheretheycanrelatetoothersthroughtherole
oftheWinner.Theywillalsoavoidsituationswheretheycannotbeseeninthat
way.Unfortunately,byactingonlythroughhissocialrole,heavoidsthoseactivities
thatwouldreallydeveloptrueconfidence.Heisfrustratedwhenhecantactinthis
role,becausehisconfidenceandsecurityaredependentonothersvalidatinghis
selfimage.
Type One: Idealistic Reformer

Desiretoimprovethemselvesandtheir Tendtofeelintensepersonalobligation
world todotherightthing.
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial Striving,Idealistic
RoleoftheMoralTeacherConvincing
othersIamright.
Type Two: E usive Friend

Desiretobewantedandclosetoothers. Tendtobelievethattheyarewithout
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial needsandalwayswellintentioned
RoleoftheSpecialFriendwantingtobe Demonstrative,WellIntentioned
acloseconfidant.
Type Three: Competitive Status Seeker

Desiretodistinguishthemselvesfrom Tendtocompeteforstatusandattention
others Performing,SuccessOriented
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial
RoleoftheWinner/theBest
Type Four: Imaginative Aesthete

Desiretocultivateandprolongselected Tendtowithdrawintotheirimagination
feelings toheightenandintensifytheirfeelings
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial Individualistic,Dramatizing
RoleoftheSpecialOne
Type Five: Studious Expert

Desiretofeelsaferandmoreconfident Tendtowithdrawintotheirimagination
byretreatingintotheirmind toheightenandintensifytheirconcepts
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial andmentalworlds(interpretationofthe
RoleoftheExpert world)
Knowledgeable,Preparing
Type Six: Dutiful Loyalist

Desiretoreinforcetheirsupportsystems Tendtobecomedependentonsomething
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial outsidetheselfforguidance
RoleoftheResponsibleImplementer Camaraderie,Obligated,
Believing/doubting
Type Seven: Experienced Sophisticate

Desiretoincreasethenumberofsources Tendtofeelthatsomethingbetteris
ofstimulation availablesomewhereelse
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial Occupied,pleasureoriented,trendy,
RoleoftheEnergizerLetsgetthefun Acquisitive
going,makethisafunplace
Type Eight: Enterprising Adventurer

Desiretoacquiretheresourcesthey Tendtothinkthattheyarecompletely
needtomaintaintheirposition selfsufficient
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial Risktaking,pragmatic,competitive
RoleoftheRock/Leadertheprotector
whotakescharge
Type Nine: Accommodating Role Player

Desiretoavoidconflicts(byacquiescing Tendtowithdrawintotheirimagination
toothers:InnerSanctum) toheightenandintensifytheirsenseof
ProveselfimagethroughtheirSocial peaceandharmony(avoidingconflicts
RoleofNobodySpecialmodestly andselfassertion).
camouflagedinthebackgroundsoasnot Agreeable,SelfEffacing,Idontcare,
toinconvenienceanyone. whateveryouwantisfinewithme
Level 5: The Level of Interpersonal Control
AtLevel5,themainstrategyemployedismanipulationofothersandcontrolof
interpersonalrelationships.Here,wereallyinsistongettingotherstoacceptour
selfimage.Unfortunately,othersdon'talwaysrespondinthewaywewish,leading
totensionandconflict.
AtthisLevel,wealsoseethebeginningsoftheShadowIssueofeachtype.The
Shadowissue(asitsnameimplies)isahiddenelementofourpersonalities.Ina
way,theShadowIssuerepresentsthemajorissuethateachtypeneedstodeal
withinordertogrow.
Type One: Orderly Person

Insistsonbeingseenasa Manipulateothersbycorrectingthem.
reasonable,objectiveperson. ShadowIssueofAngercomesoutwhentheirworld
Desiretohaveconsistent isnotasitshouldbe.
orderintheirinnerandouter
worlds.
Type Two: Possessive Intimate

Insistsonbeingseenasa Manipulateothersbymakingothersdependon
caring,lovingperson. them.
Desiretobeneeded. ShadowIssueofPridecomesfromthinkingof
themselvesasonlywellintentionedandfrom
remindingothersofhowcaringIam.
Type Three: Image-Oriented Pragmatist

Insistsonbeingseenasan Manipulateothersbycharmingthem(adaptingto
outstanding,effectiveperson. meetandexceedtheexpectationsofothers)
Desiretoimpressothers. ShadowIssueofDeceitariseswhenThrees
exaggerateandbendthetruthinordertomake
themselvesappearbetterthantheyare.
Type Four: Self-Absorbed Romantic

Insistsonbeingseenasa Manipulateothersbybeingtemperamentaland
sensitive,uniqueperson. hypersensitive,forcingotherstotreatthemwith
Desiretohavetheiridentity sensitivityandrespect.
nurturedandsupportedby ShadowIssueofEnvyariseswhenFoursobserve
others. thehappinessandsuccessofothers.
Type Five: Intense Conceptualizer

Insistsonbeingseenasan Manipulateothersbystayingpreoccupiedwiththeir
intelligent,perceptiveperson. projectsanddetachedfromothers.
Desiretoshutoutintrusions ShadowIssueofAvariceariseswhenFives
ontheirspace/toconcentrate minimizetheirneedsandhoardtheirresources.
withoutinterruption
Type Six: Ambivalent Pessimist

Insistsonbeingseenasa Manipulateothersbytestingtheirloyaltyandtrust
dependable,responsible tothem.
person. ShadowIssueofFearariseswhenSixesbelieve
Desiretoresistfurther thattheymaybelosingtheirsupportsystems.
demandsandcommitments.
Type Seven: Hyperactive Extrovert

Insistsonbeingseenasa Manipulateothersbydistractingthemand
happy,enthusiasticperson. demandingthatothersmeettheirneeds.
Desiretostayconstantly ShadowIssueofGluttonyariseswhenSevensare
excitedandstimulated. greedyformoreandmorethingsandexperiences
withoutbeingtrulysatisfied.
Type Eight: Dominating Power Broker

Insistsonbeingseenasa Manipulateothersbydominatingothersand
strong,assertiveperson. insistingtheyobey.
Desiretofeelimportantto ShadowIssueofLustariseswhenEightswantto
themselvesandothers. possessandcontrolandwantintensityintheir
experiences.
Type Nine: Disengaged Participant

Insistsonbeingseenasa Manipulateothersby"tuningout"thepressureto
peaceful,easygoingperson. changefromothers.
Desiretomaintainthestatus ShadowIssueofSlothariseswhenNinesresist
quo. changeanddon'tdeveloptheirindividuality.
Level 6: The Level of Overcompensation
ThroughouttheLevels,wecanseethatthestrategiesweemployarea
compensationforunderlyingfeelingsofanger,shame,orfear.AtLevel6,we
overcompensateforthoseunderlyingfeelings.Atthisstagewearesodesperateto
haveothersacceptourselfimagethatweengageintrulyoffensivebehaviour.
AtLevel6,webelievethatwemustputothersdowninordertomakeourselves
feelbetter.DonRisocallsthisbehaviourthe"LeadenRule."TheGoldenRulestates
"Dountoothersthatwhichyouwouldhavedoneuntoyou."Inotherwords,treat
othersinthesamewayyouwouldliketobetreated.TheLeadenRulestates"Do
untoothersthatwhichyoumostfearhavedoneuntoyou."Atthisstageweproject
ourfearsontoothers.TypeOnesfearmakingmistakesandbeingbad,sothey
compensatebybeinggoodanddoingtherightthing.Theyovercompensateby
pointingoutthemistakesofothersandcriticizingothersfornotdoingtheright
thing.Puttingothersdowninthisway,boostsafragileselfesteem.
NotethattheLeadenRulebehaviourisseenbyotherstobeoffensive,butitis
easilyjustifiedbytheBasicDesire.Forexample,theOnecanjustifytheircriticism
assimplypointingouthowthingsshouldbedonebetter.
Thinkingtendstobeveryblackandwhiteatthisstage.Thereisasensethatwe
possesscertainpositivevalues(thebasisofourselfimage)thatothersdonot.Asa
result,wetendtolookdownatothersasinferiorfornotpossessingthegiftswedo.
Inordertomakeourselvesfeelbetteraboutourselves,wemustprovethatothers
lackourgifts.AtypeFive,forexample,"proves"herownintelligenceby"proving"
thatothersarestupidandincompetent.
Type One: Judgemental Perfectionist

Desiretocriticizeothersfornot Perfectionistic,opinionated,rightvs.wrong
meetingtheirstandards. thinking,impatient,faultfinding
Underminetheothersbyangrily
criticizingothers,treatingthem
asiftheyweredefectiveorbad.
Type Two: Self-Important "Saint"

Desiretohavetheirvirtueand Feeltakenforgranted
goodnessrecognized Feelingsofentitlement,othersoweme.
Undermineothersbymaking Overbearing,complaining,insincere
othersfeelunworthyoftheir Guiltinstilling:noonecaresaboutmyneeds
loveandattention
Type Three: Self-Promoting Narcissist

Desiretoconvincethemselves Wanttobecometheirimage.
andothersoftherealityoftheir Inflating,grandiose,superior
image. Demandaconstantstreamofattention(lookat
Undermineothersbytreating me!)
themarrogantlyorwith
contempt,makingthemfeel
worthless.
Type Four: Self-Indulgent "Exception"

Desiretobeabsolutelyfreeto Decadent,selfpitying
"bethemselves." Believetheiruniquenessentitlesthemtobe
Undermineothersbytreating exemptfromtherulesthatapplytothe
othersasiftheyhadnovalueor superficialrabble.
personalsignificance.
Type Five: Provocative Cynic

Desiretoscareoffanyonewho Argumentative,intellectuallyarrogant.Make
threatenstheirinnerworld legitimateobservationsbutextreme
Undermineothersbytreating interpretations.Lessconfidentabouttheirideas,
themasiftheywere cynical,hopeless.
incompetentorincapable.
Type Six: Authoritarian Rebel

Desiretoprovetheirstrength, Feelthattheirtrusthasbeenbetrayed.
value,andindependence. Becomestubborn,rebellious
Undermineothersandtheir Blaming,cynical,shorttempered
supportsystemsbyblamingand Usvs.themmentality
scapegoating.
Type Seven: Excessive Materialist

Desireforinstantgratification. Easilyfeeltrappedordeprived.
Undermineothersbydepriving Flightyandunreliable.
othersofthingsand Insensitive,impatient,selfish,addicted,
experiences,causingotherspain dissatisfied.
andsuffering.
Type Eight: Confrontational Adversary

Desiretohaveothersobey. Threatenandintimidate
Underminethesecurityand Defiant,pushy,bullying,belligerent
safetyofothersbythreatening
toharmorcontrolothers Everythingisatestofwills.
Type Nine: Resigned Fatalist

Desiretominimizethe Dismissive,indifferent.
importanceofproblemsintheir Wishfulthinking,stubborn,resistant
world. Peaceatanyprice.
Undermineothersbymaking "Can'tdoanythingtochangeitanyways."
themfeelthattheyhavelost
connectionwiththeNine.
Level 7: The Level of Violation
AtLevel7,wearesodesperatetogetourneedsmetthatwearewillingtoviolate
ourselvesandothers,resultinginseriousconflict.Thereisafeelingthatlifehas
violatedme,leadingtoterrifyinganddesperatebehaviour.Peopleatthisstagesee
themselvesasvictims,andthereforecanjustifytheiroffensiveactions.Atthis
Level,wetendtooverindulgeinactionsthatappeartoalleviateourpain
(overeating,drinking,drugabuse,etc.).Unfortunatelymostofthisbehaviouris
justanescapefromdealingwithrealityandthegenuineproblemswemustface.
Type One: Intolerant Person

Desiretojustify Inflexible,intolerantandselfrighteous.Unreasonably
themselvesandsilence harshwithothers,bitteranddepressive.
criticismfromthemselves
andothers.
Violatetheirselfimageof
theMoralTeacherthrough
intoleranceofothers
Type Two: Self-Deceptive Manipulator

Desiretomaintainthe Blaming,guiltinstilling,andmanipulative,allthewhile
beliefthattheyhaven't justifyingtheiractionsaswellintentioned.Hurtful
doneanythingselfishor towardothers,thentryingtosoothetheverypainthey
wrong. caused.
theSpecialFriendthrough
manipulationofothers.
Type Three: Exploitative Opportunist

Desiretopreservethe Secretive,deceptivetocoveraninneremptiness.
illusionthattheyarestill Dishonest,willingtosellthemselvesouttosucceedin
okay. theshortterm,sacrificinglongtermhealth/success,
Violatetheirselfimageof etc.
theWinnerthrough
deceptionofothers.
Type Four: Alienated Depressive

Desiretorejectanything Selfpityturnstoshameandthedisappointmentsinlife
oranyonethatdoesnot causessuchhurtthattheyneedtobeblocked.Fatigued
supporttheiremotional andapathetic,theybecomedeeplyresentfuloflife
demands.
theSpecialOnethrough
theirhatredofothers.
Type Five: Isolated Nihilist

Desiretocutoffall Increasinganxietyfromtheirselfisolationreinforces
connectionswiththeworld therejectiontheyfeelfromothers.Theyturnaround
andpeople. andrejecttheworldalso,devaluingothersandbecome
Violatetheirselfimageof nihilistic.
theExpertthroughtheir
rejectionfromothers.
Type Six: Overreacting Dependent Person

Desiretoberescuedby Leanheavilyontheirsupportsystems,takelittle
theprotectionofastrong initiativeandavoidresponsibility.Theydisparage
ally. themselves,hopingtoillicitthepityandrescueofa
Violatetheirselfimageof protectivefigure.
theResponsible
Implementerthroughtheir
defianceofothers.
Type Seven: Impulsive Escapist

Desiretoavoidtheirpain Completelyuninhibited,theyseekanykindofthrillor
andanxietyatanycost. stimulation.Theirimpulsivenessbordersonthe
Violatetheirselfimageof infantile,actingoutwhateverwhimorescapadecomes
theEnergizerthrough tomind.
theircallousnesswith
others
Type Eight: Ruthless Outlaw

Desiretosurviveand Theyfeelrejectedandbetrayedbytheworld.Being
protectthemselvesatall brutal,violent,andtreacherousareseenastheonly
costs. waytosurvive.Theytrustnothingexcepttheirown
Violatetheirselfimageof wits.
theRockthroughtheir
ruthlesstreatmentof
others.
Type Nine: Denying Doormat

Desiretodefendthe Accommodationhasturnedintoallowthemselvestobe
illusionthateverythingis exploited.Theyresistdealingwithrealityoranykindof
okay. change.Incapableoftakinganyaction,theyneglect
Violatetheirselfimageof theirresponsibilities.
NobodySpecialthrough
theirneglectofothers.

Levels of Development

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26/03/2017 LevelsofDevelopment

Level 1: The Level of Liberation

Type One: Wise Realist

Type Two: Disinterested Altruist

Type Three: Authentic Person

Type Four: Inspired Creator

Type Five: Pioneering Visionary

Type Six: Valiant Hero

Type Seven: Ecstatic Appreciator

Type Eight: Magnanimous Heart

Type Nine: Self-Possessed Guide

Level 2: The Level of Psychological

Type One: Reasonable Person

Basic Desire & Basic Fear Behaviour

Type Two: Caring Person

Type Three: Self-Assured Person

Type Four: Self-Aware Intuitive

Type Five: Perceptive Observer

Basic Desire & Basic Fear Behaviour

Type Six: Engaging Friend

Type Seven: Free-Spirited Optimist

Type Eight: Self-Con dent Person

Type Nine: Receptive Person

Level 3: The Level of Social Value

Type One: Principled Teacher

Type Two: Nurturing Helper

Type Three: Outstanding Paragon

Type Four: Self-Revealing Individual

Type Five: Focussed Innovator

Type Six: Committed Worker

Type Seven: Accomplished Generalist

Type Eight: Constructive Leader

Type Nine: Supportive Peacemaker

Level 4: The Level of Imbalance

Type One: Idealistic Reformer

Type Two: E usive Friend

Type Three: Competitive Status Seeker

Type Four: Imaginative Aesthete

Type Five: Studious Expert

Type Six: Dutiful Loyalist

Type Seven: Experienced Sophisticate

Type Eight: Enterprising Adventurer

Type Nine: Accommodating Role Player

Level 5: The Level of Interpersonal Control

Type One: Orderly Person

Type Two: Possessive Intimate

Type Three: Image-Oriented Pragmatist

Type Four: Self-Absorbed Romantic

Type Five: Intense Conceptualizer

Type Six: Ambivalent Pessimist

Type Seven: Hyperactive Extrovert

Type Eight: Dominating Power Broker

Type Nine: Disengaged Participant

Level 6: The Level of Overcompensation

Type One: Judgemental Perfectionist

Type Two: Self-Important "Saint"

Type Three: Self-Promoting Narcissist

Type Four: Self-Indulgent "Exception"

Type Five: Provocative Cynic