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    Fracture Analysis From Borehole Images

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    Ghassen Laouini
    This document discusses using images from borehole cores and wells to characterize fractured reservoirs. It provides examples of fracture parameters that can be extracted from images, including fracture density, orientation, length, aperture, and relationship to geological structures. Images can show the distribution of open fractures in a horizontal wellbore and how they vary with depth. They also demonstrate how fracture patterns are influenced by layering, stresses, and reactivation events. Integrating fracture data from images can provide realistic parameters to improve reservoir simulation models.

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    Fracture Analysis From Borehole Images

    Uploaded by

    Ghassen Laouini
    45 views20 pages
    This document discusses using images from borehole cores and wells to characterize fractured reservoirs. It provides examples of fracture parameters that can be extracted from images, including fracture density, orientation, length, aperture, and relationship to geological structures. Images can show the distribution of open fractures in a horizontal wellbore and how they vary with depth. They also demonstrate how fracture patterns are influenced by layering, stresses, and reactivation events. Integrating fracture data from images can provide realistic parameters to improve reservoir simulation models.

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    This document discusses using images from borehole cores and wells to characterize fractured reservoirs. It provides examples of fracture parameters that can be extracted from images, including fracture density, orientation, length, aperture, and relationship to geological structures. Images can show the distribution of open fractures in a horizontal wellbore and how they vary with depth. They also demonstrate how fracture patterns are influenced by layering, stresses, and reactivation events. Integrating fracture data from images can provide realistic parameters to improve reservoir simulation models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views20 pages

    Fracture Analysis From Borehole Images

    Uploaded by

    Ghassen Laouini
    This document discusses using images from borehole cores and wells to characterize fractured reservoirs. It provides examples of fracture parameters that can be extracted from images, including fracture density, orientation, length, aperture, and relationship to geological structures. Images can show the distribution of open fractures in a horizontal wellbore and how they vary with depth. They also demonstrate how fracture patterns are influenced by layering, stresses, and reactivation events. Integrating fracture data from images can provide realistic parameters to improve reservoir simulation models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Fracture Analysis

    from Borehole
    Images

    Core / Borehole Imaging Workshop on Tight

    Fractured Sandstone Reservoirs of Algeria

    Hassi-Messaoud Feb. 24-25, 2006

    Arnaud Etchecopar & Philippe Montaggioni


    Image for description of fractured
    reservoirs

    Production simulation of fractured reservoir requests a


    good description of the fracture nets
    Most of the simulators populate reservoir models from
    theoretical models constrain by few data
    Image data can provide much more than basic statistics to
    constrain these models an example

    Example in a horizontal well

    2 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Fractured reservoirs characterization:
    parameters extracted from images
    Fracture nets:
    - distribution and density
    - mutual relationship
    - relationship to structures
    Fracture aperture
    Horizontal and vertical fracture extension in
    horizontal wells
    Vertical extension and relation to facies and
    bed thickness in vertical wells
    Fracture cementation
    Present day stresses

    3 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Open fracture orientation and density in a
    horizontal well of Algeria
    Perpendicular to bedding Conjugated
    w w

    Arrow plot
    Fault zone
    0. 3 m2/m3

    1.35 m2/m3

    2.6 m2/m3

    4 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Types of intersection
    between fracture sets

    Fracture aperture by
    segments using
    Luthi-Souhait method

    1m
    m

    .1

    .01

    0.

    5 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    How much these fracture intersect?
    Lets try to estimate their average length.

    6 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Fracture length in a layer
    Deduced from the ratio complete/interrupted sinusoids in a horizontal well

    7 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Fracture extension in a horizontal well
    x borehole diameter / cos app dip In this particular example:
    6/223 fractures of the blue set are truncated horizontally = 0.027
    70 Fracture length= 120 times the borehole diameter/cos app dip
    = 21m
    60
    max
    50 medium 161/465 are of the red set are truncated horizontally = 0.33
    Fracture length= 12 times the borehole diameter = 3.0m
    40 min
    None of them are truncated vertically fractures cross the
    30 whole layer = 23m
    20

    10 Interval with 95% of confidence Modified from P. Delfiner


    (personnal communication)
    0
    0. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

    Truncated/complete fracture ratio

    8 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006 Truncated
    Fracture distribution with respect to structures and facies

    Fractures striking N-160

    Shale
    Sand
    w

    Fractures striking N-70

    Resistive fractures

    Faulted zone
    9 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni
    Feb. 24, 2006
    Elongation:
    F1 Res
    Fault and/or
    F2
    fractures?

    W1
    Not a single fracture!

    Fault 1; 9m.

    S 500m. N

    Fault 2; 4.2m
    W1H
    Fault Zone
    Reservoir

    Neither! Fault almost vertical

    1 m.

    10 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    ????

    11 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Influence of layering on Layering from resistivity curve

    fractures distribution

    Unfractured layer

    Fractured layer

    2.5 m
    Unfractured layer

    Fractured layer

    Unfractured layer

    FMI image
    From V.Auzias et al 1998
    12 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni
    Feb. 24, 2006
    Fracture Aperture Aperture vs stresses
    10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 m
    The relation is obvious but
    180 its quantification not so
    easy!

    Breakouts
    90
    h

    0
    50 Dip 90

    13 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Fracturation due to very regular stress distribution

    14 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    From V. Auzias
    Feb. 24, 2006
    Highly stressed
    zone
    Widely open
    fractures

    Large changes in stress


    distribution due to defects
    on
    the fault plane.

    High risk for drilling

    15 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Horse tail fractures

    16 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Shear damping increasing connectivity

    17 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    Complex fracture patterns due to fracture
    reactivation

    18 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    All cemented fractures seen are striking WSW-ENE
    induce a huge anisotropy in the reservoir
    w

    Cemented Fractures
    Schmidt Plot

    500m Fault 5 mm

    zone w

    Cemented Fractures Strike


    Stereogram

    19 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006
    From FMI image in this particular well we know:

    Huge fracturation 4 m2/m3 in the reservoir nothing above

    Fractures perpendicular to bedding and continuous from top to bottom of the


    reservoir

    Only fractures NNE-SSW exhibit a real aperture because they are parallel to S1,
    the set WSW-ENE can probably be ignored

    Fractures NNE-SSW, interrupted by fractures perpendicular, are probably better


    vertical conduits than horizontal drains

    Many cemented fractures, all of them oriented WSW-ENE, in the vicinity of


    faults introduce a huge anisotropy in the reservoir

    Now realistic parameters can be introduced in simulators

    20 A. Etchecopar & P. Montaggioni


    Feb. 24, 2006

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