Ekistics Taiyaba 140306100927 Phpapp02
Ekistics Taiyaba 140306100927 Phpapp02
Ekistics Taiyaba 140306100927 Phpapp02
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EKISTICS
Human happiness
Unity of Purpose
Hierarchy of Functions
Four dimensions
Many scales for many masters
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FIVE ELEMENTS OF EKISTICS
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BASIC PARTS OF COMPOSITE
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Homogeneous parts- fields;
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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS
BY EKISTICS UNITS: FOUR BASIC GROUPS
15 LEVELS
HAMLET-40
VILLAGE-250
LOGARITHMIC POLIS(CITY)-75,000
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EKISTICS UNITS
Conurbation: A group of large cities & their Metropolis: A large city & its suburbs
suburbs, consisting of 3 to 10 million consisting of multiple cities & towns having 1 to
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people. Also called urban agglomeration. 3 million people.
EKISTICS UNITS
Large City: A city with large population &
many services having less than 1 million but
over 3 lakhs people.
City: A city with abundant but not with as
many services as in a large city, having over
1 lakh upto 3 lakhs people.
Large Town: Population of 20,000 to 1
lakh.
Town: Population of 1,000 to 20,000.
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EKISTICS UNITS
Village: Generally does not have many
services, possibly having only a small
corner shop or post office. Population of 100
to 1,000.
Hamlet: A tiny population (<100) & very
few (if any) services, & few buildings.
Isolated dwellings: 1 or 2 buildings or
families with negligible services, if any.
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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS
BY EKISTICS ELEMENTS
Nature: Represents ecosystems including
water cycle, biosystems, climatic zones, etc.
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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS
BY EKISTICS ELEMENTS
Shells: The built environment is the
traditional domain of architectural &
engineering professions.
Networks: Provide glue for all systems of
urbanisation. Changes profoundly affect
urban scale like advent of the rail-road, or
of piped water supplies, or of the telephone
which affect the extent, texture & densities
of human settlements. 22
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS
BY EVOLUTIONARY PHASES
Macro scale- nomadic, agricultural, urban,
urban-industrial;
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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS
BY FACTORS & DISCIPLINES
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THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
Doxiadis was involved in the design
of this new campus in Pakistan.
Used ekistic principles to create a
campus he believed was built for
true human scale.
Limited the number of roads on
campus, banning them from the
classroom areas.
All the educational buildings are
interconnected to permit people to
walk from one to the other.
Courtyards provide a place for
meetings between people. The University of the Punjab, 25
Lahore, Pakistan (1959)
DOXIADIS BAGHDAD
Doxiadis Associates identified Tigris as reference for
establishing a central axis of growth.
Ideal limits of the future Iraqi capital set to 3
millionapproximately three times larger than
1958 population which suggested Baghdads
maximum limits, defined with an elongated
rectangle orientated along the main NW-SE axis of
the river.
Rectangular area incorporated some of existing
major roads & suggested opening of new roads that
would adopt a rectilinear pattern.
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DOXIADIS BAGHDAD
Residential sectors & subsectors
arranged according to
rectangular grid system,
modified in middle, to
accommodate commercial
district.
Commercial district included old
city centre & new commercial
centres expected to emerge
along main axis of Dynapolis.
New commercial centres to abide
by rectilinear logic of road
system & residential grid. Doxiadis Associates, The Master 27
Plan for
Baghdad, Iraq, 1958.
Plan of Community Sector in West Baghdad Model of Community Sector in West Baghdad
Standardized house types pushed courtyards to side or back of each unit, thereby losing any of
traditional courtyards climatic benefits & secluded qualities.
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ISLAMABAD
Unity of scale for cohesion between
various elements of town. City isnt a
conglomeration of isolated& unrelated
spaces, but one entity of interrelated
spaces. A scale measurement was
determined to govern elements
composing the city (plots, streets, open
spaces, squares, roads, etc.).
Unity of Expression: A system of four
highways becomes the basic step for
the metropolitan area. These axes form
a big square, which will define all future The main highways
transportation systems & all major
functions within. 31
ISLAMABAD
3 DISTINCTIVE AREAS:
(subdivided into sectors)
Islamabad proper (expansion towards
SW): Capital of nation mainly
administrative & cultural functions.
Rawalpindi (expansion towards SW):
regional centre serving industrial &
commercial functions.
National Park: to retain certain
agricultural functions & where sites must
be provided for national sports centre,
The three parts of the
university, research institute, etc. metropolitan area.
(expansion towards SE). 32
The administrative sector within
Islamabad.
Minimum Accommodation:
No house has less than two rooms, a kitchen, WC, & a shower room.
Sufficient space for outdoor living.
Each house has closed, semi-covered or open living spaces. 37
Supplied with running water & electricity, and connected with sewage system.
NEED TO BALANCE ELEMENTS
OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
We are dealing by necessity with:
Nature, which is being spoilt;
Man, who is continuously changing;
Society, which is changing because of mans
new needs;
Shells, which must be constructed;
Networks, which are also changing to cope
up with new demands.
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EVOLUTION OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS
Phase 1: Primitive non-organised human
settlements (started with evolution of man)
Phase 2: Primitive organised settlements-
Eopolis (period of villages lasted 10,000 years)
Phase 3: Static urban settlements or cities-
Polis (lasted about 5,000 to 6,000 years)
Phase 4: Dynamic urban settlements-
Dynapolis (lasted 200 to 400 years)
Phase 5: Universal City- Ecumenopolis (which
is now beginning)
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CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
Classnotes
Time Saver Standards for Urban Design by Watson, Plattus,
Shibley
Metropolitan Problems by S. Miles
Information & Communication Technologies, Society & Human
Beings: Theory & Framework by Haftor & Mirijamdotter.
Basic ekistic principles_word: pdf
Ekistics_the_science_of_human_settlements:pdf
W.A. Howard, Ekistics
Journal of Planning History by Panayiota Pyla
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekistics
http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/36 42