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    Lec8 Linear Interpolation

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    اشرفاللسامي
    Linear interpolation and calibration are used to relate measured process variables to desired quantities. Calibration involves measuring known values to create a correlation between a measured variable (e.g. conductivity) and concentration. Linear interpolation uses two known data points to determine values between them using a straight line equation. It is more accurate than extrapolation beyond the range of known data points and simpler than nonlinear fitting methods.

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    Lec8 Linear Interpolation

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    اشرفاللسامي
    36 views11 pages
    Linear interpolation and calibration are used to relate measured process variables to desired quantities. Calibration involves measuring known values to create a correlation between a measured variable (e.g. conductivity) and concentration. Linear interpolation uses two known data points to determine values between them using a straight line equation. It is more accurate than extrapolation beyond the range of known data points and simpler than nonlinear fitting methods.

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    Linear interpolation and calibration are used to relate measured process variables to desired quantities. Calibration involves measuring known values to create a correlation between a measured variable (e.g. conductivity) and concentration. Linear interpolation uses two known data points to determine values between them using a straight line equation. It is more accurate than extrapolation beyond the range of known data points and simpler than nonlinear fitting methods.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views11 pages

    Lec8 Linear Interpolation

    Uploaded by

    اشرفاللسامي
    Linear interpolation and calibration are used to relate measured process variables to desired quantities. Calibration involves measuring known values to create a correlation between a measured variable (e.g. conductivity) and concentration. Linear interpolation uses two known data points to determine values between them using a straight line equation. It is more accurate than extrapolation beyond the range of known data points and simpler than nonlinear fitting methods.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Linear Interpolation

    ChE 201: Introduction to Chemical Engineering

    Dr. YA Hussain
    Process Data
    Concentration is measured through
    some variable (X). Examples:
    1. NaCl concentration is determined
    by measuring conductivity (the
    more NaCl the higher the
    conductivity).
    Conc.
    Reactor 2. HCl concentration via titration
    measurement
    with NaOH

    How to relate the required quantity


    (C) to the measured variable??

    Calibration
    2 Dr. YA Hussain
    Calibration
    Measure x for known values of the variable y.
    Cond. Conc.
    (S) (g/ml)
    Make NaCl solutions by mixing
    0.3 1.0
    100 ml of water with:
    0.7 2.0
    1. 1.0 g NaCl
    NaCl 2. 2.0 g NaCl 1.2 3.0
    NaCl
    Soln
    soln 3. 3.0 g NaCl 1.8 4.0
    4. 4.0 g NaCl
    Measure conductivity of each
    solution
    x = 3.3
    By interpolation
    Conc.
    Or extrapolation Reactor measurement

    3 Dr. YA Hussain
    Interpolation/Extrapolation
    Draw a line through data
    2
    Cond. Conc.
    Find the conc.
    (S) (g/ml)
    when the cond.
    0.3 1.0 1.5 equals 2.5 S.

    Conc.
    0.7 2.0
    1.2 3.0
    1
    1.8 4.0

    0.5
    Why do we put conc.
    on the y axis and
    cond. on the x axis? 0
    0 2 4
    Cond.
    4 Dr. YA Hussain
    Two-Point Linear Interpolation
    14 (x2,y2)
    12

    10 (x,y)

    8
    y

    6
    (5,5)
    (x1,y1)
    4 (4,3.2) y y1 y 2 y1

    2 x x1 x 2 x1
    0
    0 5 10 y 2 y1
    x y (x x1 ) y1
    Find y at x = 4.5? x 2 x1
    5 Dr. YA Hussain
    Example: Two-Point Interpolation

    The variable f is y 2 y1
    measured at several y (x x1 ) y1
    times x 2 x1

    f t 4 1
    f (1.3 1) 1 1.9
    1 1 2 1
    t = 1.3
    4 2
    f= 5
    8 3 32
    t (3 2) 2 2.25
    84
    Find: f(t = 1.3), t(f = 5)?

    6 Dr. YA Hussain
    Fitting a Straight Line
    12
    x y Choose any y1 = ax1 + b
    two points (x2,y2)
    1 1 10
    on the line
    4 2 8
    8 3 y1 y2
    6 a=
    y
    10 4 x1 x2
    4 (x1,y1)
    y2 = ax2 + b
    y1 ax1
    Try to write an equation: b=
    2 y2 ax2
    y = f(x)
    0
    Simplest function 0 1 2 3 4 5
    y = ax + b x

    7 Dr. YA Hussain
    Example: Linear Fit
    160
    160
    V
    R 140
    140
    (L/min)
    20.0 10 120
    120

    52.1 30 100
    100
    V (L/min)
    84.6 50 8080
    118.3 70 6060
    151.0 90 V (L/min) = 1.62R + 3.8
    4040
    V: volumetric flow rate
    R: rotameter reading 2020

    00
    Find V(R) and V(36)? 00 20
    20 40
    40 60
    R 60 80
    80 100
    100

    8 Dr. YA Hussain
    Two-Point vs. Linear Fitting

    9 Dr. YA Hussain
    Summary
    Calibration is used to related measured quantities with
    desired variables (e.g., conductivity with salt
    concentration, voltage with temperature)
    Interpolation and extrapolation are methods used to
    determine the desired variable from tabulated
    measurements.
    Drawing a straight line through the data is the simplest
    form of interpolation and works well for linear data.
    Two-point linear interpolation can be used with large
    amounts of data and when the data is not linear.
    Two-point linear interpolation is generally more accurate
    that drawing a straight line.

    10 Dr. YA Hussain
    Reading assignment:
    Sections 2.7-2.7b in textbook
    Practice Problems:
    30 to 44 in Chapter 2 of textbook

    11 Dr. YA Hussain

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