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    Water Cycle

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    Majorana.WEB
    The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers, rises into the air as vapor, condenses into clouds, and falls as precipitation onto land where it collects in lakes, rivers, and streams or soaks into the ground to later re-emerge elsewhere. This constant recycling process ensures a continuous supply of fresh water around the world and is driven by energy from the sun.

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    Water Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Majorana.WEB
    61 views28 pages
    The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers, rises into the air as vapor, condenses into clouds, and falls as precipitation onto land where it collects in lakes, rivers, and streams or soaks into the ground to later re-emerge elsewhere. This constant recycling process ensures a continuous supply of fresh water around the world and is driven by energy from the sun.

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    Il ciclo dell'acqua, presentazione in inglese.

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    The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers, rises into the air as vapor, condenses into clouds, and falls as precipitation onto land where it collects in lakes, rivers, and streams or soaks into the ground to later re-emerge elsewhere. This constant recycling process ensures a continuous supply of fresh water around the world and is driven by energy from the sun.

    Copyright:

    Attribution (BY)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    61 views28 pages

    Water Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Majorana.WEB
    The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers, rises into the air as vapor, condenses into clouds, and falls as precipitation onto land where it collects in lakes, rivers, and streams or soaks into the ground to later re-emerge elsewhere. This constant recycling process ensures a continuous supply of fresh water around the world and is driven by energy from the sun.

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    The Water Cycle

    Water has been around for billions of years

    7years
    cause it gets recycled over and over again

    thanks to the water cycle!


    Water is a transparent fluid which forms the
    world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and
    is the major constituent of the fluids of
    organisms.

    As achemical compound, awater moleculecontains


    oneoxygenand twohydrogenatomsthat are
    connected bycovalent bonds.
    The States of Water: solid, liquid, gas
    Water is known to exist in three different states; as a solid, liquid or gas.

    Clouds, snow, and rain are all made of up of some form of water. A cloud is
    comprised of tiny water droplets and/or ice crystals, a snowflake is an aggregate
    of many ice crystals, and rain is just liquid water.
    Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface and it
    is vital for all known forms oflife.

    On Earth:
    96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans;
    1.7% in groundwater;
    1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a
    small fraction in other large water bodies;
    0.001% in theairasvapor,clouds(formed of ice and liquid water
    suspended in air), andprecipitation.
    Wheres all of the earth's water?
    Hydrology
    Hydrology is the science that studies the distribution, movement, and the
    biological-chemical parameters of the water masses. It consists of many fields of
    scientific study as hydrography, hydrogeology, the hydrogeochemistry and
    hydrobiology.

    The monitoring and collection of data about the hydrological phenomena are
    critical steps in order to create a database the richest possible of information
    related to water from wells or to a particular section of river. Other than that are
    used to protect the catchments of specific areas or wider territories.
    The conversion of water from a liquid to a gas

    Solar energy drives evaporation of water from the ocean.


    The evaporated water changes from a liquid form into water vapor a gaseous
    form.
    The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground
    or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere.

    The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation. Evaporation often
    implicitly includes transpiration from plants, though together they are specifically
    referred to as evapotranspiration. Total annual evapotranspiration amounts to
    approximately 505,000 km of water, 434,000 km of which evaporates from the
    3 3

    oceans. So 86% of global evaporation occurs over the ocean.


    do plants really sweat? Transpiration

    Plants like me release water


    during photosynthesis as I
    bring minerals up from my
    roots.
    The evaporation of water from plants
    The transformation of water vapor back into liquid water by
    cooling

    Evaporated water is warmed and rises into the air where it eventually cools and
    condenses to form clouds.
    With enough condensed water, you get rain!

    When clouds become very heavy with condensed water, the water is released
    in the form of rain, hail, or snow.
    Infiltration
    The flow of water from the ground surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the
    water becomes soil moisture or groundwater.

    A recent global study using water stable isotopes, however, shows that not all soil
    moisture is equally available for groundwater recharge or for plant transpiration.
    Infiltration
    In hydrology, infiltration is the physical phenomenon in which the water present on the
    surface of the soil penetrates inside. This movement takes place under the thrust of both
    the gravitational force by capillarity.

    The water that infiltrates into the ground, after having crossed the unsaturated zone, in
    turn goes in part to feed the underlying aquifers and in part is retained by the soil and thus
    remains at the disposal of plant and animal organisms possibly present in the soil.

    On a yearly scale infiltration can be expressed as the volume of water that in the course of
    3
    a year through a certain portion of soil ( m /year ) or as infiltration height, that is, as the
    height in mm of water column ( mm/year ) that infiltrates into the soil net of losses to runoff
    and evapotranspiration. The amount of water that infiltrates into the ground, and therefore
    the permeability of the same, is measured with appropriate instruments such
    infiltrometers.
    The collection of precipitation into rivers, lakes, and oceans.

    This completes the water cycle!


    Evaporation
    Transpiration
    Condensation
    Precipitation
    Infiltration

    Accumulation
    Water usage
    Water is an essential resource for all aspects of life: food, energy, transportation,
    nature, leisure and for all products of daily use. Now that population growth and
    economic development cause a stronger demand for all goods, the importance of
    water becomes more and more clear to everyone. Environmental and development
    issues such as limited access to safe drinking water as well as the deterioration of
    water quality in Europe and in other parts of the world have come up as global
    problems. Around 30-40% of fresh water is lost due to illegal connections to the
    distribution network and losses on the net while the complete purification
    treatments cover little more than 55% of the population.
    Where the water is used and how much of it

    India China UK
    USA

    645,84 Km /year
    3
    549, 76 Km /year
    3 477 Km /year
    3
    11,75 Km /year
    3
    Water supply losses in Europe

    In Italy an investment on the aqueducts of 18.5 billion


    would save 42.3 billion , which would lead to a net saving
    of 23.9 billion.
    Average price of fresh water in the world

    Price per 1000 L

    The chart reflects the value of investments in the field of water


    supply "quality, quantity"
    How much water is needed to produce food
    Fresh water shortage in the world and consequences

    Access to fresh water around the globe Causes of illness in the world

    1 spent on water saves 9 between health and productivity expenses.


    Osmosis vs Reverse Osmosis
    Osmosis vs Reverse Osmosis

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knePgp9UPAM

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