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    Tamil Influences in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines

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    Nagentren Subramaniam
    The document discusses various theories about Tamil influences in Southeast Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It summarizes the views of historians like R.C. Majumdar, Coedes, and others on whether the spread of Indian culture was primarily due to Brahmins, traders, or both. It also examines archaeological evidence like inscriptions found in various regions that show Tamil settlements and trade relations with kingdoms in Southeast Asia dating back to the 5th-9th century AD.

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    Tamil Influences in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines

    Uploaded by

    Nagentren Subramaniam
    239 views19 pages
    The document discusses various theories about Tamil influences in Southeast Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It summarizes the views of historians like R.C. Majumdar, Coedes, and others on whether the spread of Indian culture was primarily due to Brahmins, traders, or both. It also examines archaeological evidence like inscriptions found in various regions that show Tamil settlements and trade relations with kingdoms in Southeast Asia dating back to the 5th-9th century AD.

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    Tamil in Malaysia

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    The document discusses various theories about Tamil influences in Southeast Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It summarizes the views of historians like R.C. Majumdar, Coedes, and others on whether the spread of Indian culture was primarily due to Brahmins, traders, or both. It also examines archaeological evidence like inscriptions found in various regions that show Tamil settlements and trade relations with kingdoms in Southeast Asia dating back to the 5th-9th century AD.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    239 views19 pages

    Tamil Influences in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines

    Uploaded by

    Nagentren Subramaniam
    The document discusses various theories about Tamil influences in Southeast Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It summarizes the views of historians like R.C. Majumdar, Coedes, and others on whether the spread of Indian culture was primarily due to Brahmins, traders, or both. It also examines archaeological evidence like inscriptions found in various regions that show Tamil settlements and trade relations with kingdoms in Southeast Asia dating back to the 5th-9th century AD.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 19

    TAMIL INFLUENCES

    in
    MALAYSIA,
    INDONESIA
    and
    PHILIPPINES
    The Kshatriya or
    Aristocrat
    R.C. MajumdarTheory
    proposed in his book Ancient Indian
    Colonies in the Far East (1944)
    following finding by the Archaeologist
    of ancient Indian inscriptions and
    religious icons in the said regions.
    The kings of the latter region had
    adopted Sanskrit names such as Sri
    Vijaya, Majapahit.etc.
    COEDES
    The Indianized countries of Southeast
    Asia were never political dependencies
    of India but rather cultural colonies
    The Brahmin or Sacerdote
    Theory
    COEDES
    the first historian to synthesize the
    history of Indianized state of
    Southeast Asia.

    SANSKRIT
    a scholarly language that served and
    still serves to enrich the vocabulary
    of the native languages with a
    considerable number of words.
    BRAHMIN THEORY
    supports the evidence at hand that is to
    account for the Sanskrit language
    influence as well as the names and tittles
    of the kings of Southeast Asia.

    INDIANIZATION
    expansion of an organized culture that was
    founded upon the Indian Conception of
    royalty, was characterized by Hinduist or
    Buddhist Cults.
    synonymous with Brahmanization.
    HISTOIRE ANCIENNE DES ETATS
    HINDOUISES DEXTREME-ORIENT
    a book where comprises all his
    findings regarding the history of the
    Indianized part of Southeast Asia.
    Ancient history of the Hinduized
    states of the extreme-orient.

    BUDDHISM
    a culture rival to Brahmanism.
    SACERDOTES
    the spiritual leaders of the Hindu
    Settlers and could have served as
    counsels to the few kings that followed
    Hinduism.

    INDIA
    this word is the Greek and Latin
    adaptations of the Persian word Hindu-
    At first, even the British use the word
    Gentoo for the adherents of the Hindu
    religion.
    COEDES
    did not take any other aspects of
    culture or way of life into
    consideration in order to find the
    history relationship between the
    Indian and Indianized Southeast Asia.
    was not an ethnologists or a cultural
    anthropologists.
    BRAHMINS
    have been given exaggerated credit
    by Coedes.
    The Vaisya Or
    Traders/Proletariat Theory
    NILAKANTA SASTRI
    a Brahmin historian from Madras,
    South India.
    R.C. MAJUMDAR
    a Brahmin historian from Calcutta,
    Bengal, Eastern India.
    COEDES
    said that Madras claims for Tamils and
    Bengal claims for Bengalis.
    never anti Tamils.
    TAMIL NADU
    deserves the greatest credit for the
    spread at Indian elements through
    peaceful settlements.
    L . WILLIAMS & M . OSBORNE
    have suggested that the importation of
    Indic culture was not solely or indeed
    primarily the task of the Brahmans and
    monks & that merchants could have very
    well been the camers of a greater
    civilization.
    TAMIL INSCRIPTION
    emanating from South India have been
    found in Southeast Asia.
    2 Question/Problems
    Against the Traders
    Theory:
    1. Regarding sanskrit words found in the
    local language of Southeast Asia.
    2. Regarding the existence of Indianized
    communities that live in the
    mountainous or interior areas.
    - communities carrying Dravidian clan
    names: Chera, Chola, Pandiya,
    Malayala and Pallarya.
    R .Hein Gelderns reminders
    should be kept in mind when
    accounting for the Indianization of
    Indonesia.
    Study of Inscriptions
    TAMIL INSCRIPTION
    relate to the Tamil-Southeast Asian
    cultural contacts during historic times.
    3 Inscriptions in the Malayan peninsula:
    in Takuapa, in Tambralinga and in Ligor
    1 inscription in Sumatra, in Labu Tawa
    1 inscription in Bale
    1 inscription in Burma, in Pagan
    2 inscription in Tanjore
    INDIANIZED STATE OF SOUTHEAST
    ASIA
    mentions only about the Takuapa, Ligor
    and Sumatra inscription.
    JUAN FRANCISCO
    Filipino Indologist, has been very critical
    of the possibility of historical Tamil
    influences in Southeast Asia.
    Philippines and India
    the early historians who recognized
    Tamils efforts in spreading their culture.
    Inscription of Malay
    Peninsula
    MALAY PENINSULA
    the only document that can be
    attributed of the first half of the
    ninth century was found at Takuapa.
    AVANI-NARANAM
    dug by nangur-udaiyan.
    names of individual who possessed
    a military fief at Nangur and who
    was famous for his abilities as a
    warrior.
    MANIKKIRAMAM
    a merchant guild.
    AVONI-NARAYANA - surname of the
    pallaba king Nandivarman III.
    MAJAPISIDESA- a bronze image of ganesa
    bearing a Tamil inscription .
    LIGOR another Tamil inscription dated last
    quarter of the 9th century A.D.
    DITARMASENAPATHY according to the
    order, the record is one of some charity in
    favor of Brahmins.
    INSCRIPTION FOUND IN SUMATRA
    - dated in the month Masi of the saka year
    1010.
    - engraved on a stone found at Laboe to
    wewa, Baros Sumatra and it records a gift
    by a body of person who style themselves
    the one thousand-five hundred.
    INSCRIPTION of BURMA
    this relates to the settlement of
    vaishnava soldiers from South India.
    INSCRIPTION of BALI
    its mention the sivan temple that
    have been erected in that place.
    the village organization in Bale
    remains one of the Pallaba-Chola
    village organization.
    INSCRIPTION of TANJORE
    dated 1030 A.D is about the victory of
    Rajedra CholanI over the Southern
    countries.
    State Literatures of
    Thailand
    TAMIL the official language of the Court
    Brahmins in Thailand.
    RAMESWARAM Southern part of the
    Tamil country.
    SANSKRIT INSCRIPTION FOUND IN
    MALAYA and INDONESIA PALLABA
    GRANTHA letters and ASOKA PALI
    language also Sanskrit inscription than
    by the Tamils themselves.
    JEAN FILLIOZAT: If Tamilians have very
    often written their inscription in Sanskrit
    and not Tamil, it is because Sanskrit,
    before Persian and english , was
    commonly used as a link language
    H.B Sarkar(1971)
    points out that the Pallava-Grantha
    script was a development of a part of
    the Tamil country which was ruled by
    the Pallvas.
    PRAKRIT
    the court language of South India
    until the 4th century A.D.
    PALLAVA-GRANTHA SCRIPT
    was a linguistic result of the political
    conglomeration of the Northern part
    of Tamil country and Southern parts
    of Kamataka and Andhra.
    Inscription Found in
    Funan/Cambodia
    FUNAN
    not part of Malaya and Indonesia.
    JEAN FILLIOZAT
    explains that the said hero is a Tamil
    king of the Pandayan Empire.
    INSCRIPTION FOUND IN LIGOR
    refers to the trade relationship
    between the Tamil country in Malaya.
    INSCRIPTION FOUND IN KEDAH
    left by kulothunka CholanI.
    shows the commercial contacts the
    Chola Empire had with Malaya.
    Inscription Found in
    Borneo
    KUNDUNGAN
    a Tamil name, hence it is supposed
    that his princely family migrated
    from Tamil Nadu and established
    kingdom in the bland in Borneo.
    TAMIL INSCRIPTION
    at least 4 centuries posterior to the
    Sanskrit inscription.
    found dates to the early 9th century
    A.D
    SANSKRIT INSCRIPTION
    found (in Malaya and Indonesia) is
    dated to the 5th century A.D

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