English B Answers PDF
English B Answers PDF
English B Answers PDF
Chapter 1 - Answers
Page 3 d English was brought to Britain by the Anglo-
Saxons from north-west Europe (lines 26 -27)
Exercise 1 e Few of their employees have English (as an
official mother tongue) (line 40)
1 is
2 whether
3 it Page 5
4 as
5 so Exercise 1
6 first a i nuclear war
7 were ii climate change
8 continued iii perfection of a translation machine
9 of
10 was spoken b Any three of the following: Latin / Sanskrit /
11 by Phoenician / Sogdian
12 partly c English will continue as a World Language
13 used d No language has ever been so dominant or
14 have adopted spoken genuinely globally by every country
15 few so no-one knows how things will develop /
16 about There are no precedents to help us see what will
17 as happen
18 many
19 suggests Exercise 2
20 dividing
a B
b C
Exercise 2 c D
d D
a 100
e C
b language used within a country's government
f D
in courts, parliament or administration. (or any
g A
other similar answers)
h C
c national languages are used by most of the
i B
population and represent the national identity of
j C
a nation or country. Official languages are used
by governments
d the 300 million to 400 million people or Exercise 3
speakers F, D,G,H
e Colonialism. Disappearance of local languages /
many languages submerged
f the expansion of English to other countries Page 7
g Scandinavian languages (Vikings) and French
(Normans)
Exercise 1
h i English will dominate a True - The world faces a future with people
ii Everyone will become multilingual with speaking more than one language
most people becoming competent in several b True - English is likely to remain one of the
languages, including English worlds most important languages
iii English will break up into regional languages c True - A multi-lingual population is already the
/ English will disappear into several different case in much of the world /multilingualism is
local versions "more or less" the natural state / In most of the
world multilingualism is the normal condition of
people
Exercise 3
d False - one American in five speaks a language
a In the 21st century ....(line 1) other than English, with Spanish leading and
b 300 million to 400 million speak ..... (lines 6 - 7) Chinese growing fast
c the dominance of the USA after the second e False - multilingualism is the normal condition
world war ensured that this expansion of of people / multilingualism is "more or less the
English continued ( lines 18 -20) natural state"
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Chapter 1 - Answers
Chapter 2 answers
Page 28 e television schedules of all networks between the
hours of 8 and 11 p.m.
Exercise 2 f program planners
g show business, advertising and news
a Advertisements provide a visual historical
h top managers in the networks
account because they represent culture and
i Americans
societal norms. (Accept other wording with the
j that people wont be interested, wont look/
same meaning)
that people are too complacent, indifferent &
b probed
insulated
c (many excellent) online (collections of)
advertisements
d tantalizing and frustrating (fascinating and Exercise 2
revealing appear in line 25, so they are not a unorthodox
acceptable. Students should learn to identify the b extraordinary
required information in the lines specified) c prime
e models with bruises and black eyes (saying Id d disconcert
rather fight than switch.) e various
f persuade readers to buy something for the first
time 2. persuade readers to switch brands Exercise 3
g Homogeneous people in a nation of immigrants
a D
2. segmented society
b B
h Advertising in the US switched from promoting
c C
a world of mass produced, standardized products
d A
to fitting a product and its marketing strategy
to the interests and needs of a distinct subgroup
((Teachers note: link to nation of immigrants & Pages 33-4: Developing writing
segmented society in g)
i test the advertisement
skills: Speech
j skewed 1. frankly outlining what is happening to radio and
k portrayed as servants or as exemplifying racially television
stereotyped behaviour. 2. b/ c/ d/ f/ j/ l
l distorted 4. Students are not expected to identify all the
stylistic and rhetorical devices used by Murrow.
Exercise 3 They should identify a few and discuss how
Murrow deploys them to understand how a
1 j
good speech is written. Examples:
2 g
Alliteration: it is my desire, if not my duty
3 a
(line 8)/ frequently frustrated (line 14)
4 f
Assonance: difficulties is rather easy (line 50)
5 c
Metaphor: fouling his own comfortable nest
(line 3)/ television is that it is
Exercise 4 rusting in the scabbard (lines 76 & 77)
a accomplish Rule of Three: decadence, escapism and
b oriented insulation (line 21)/ more reasonable, restrained
c suggestions and more mature (lines 29 & 30)
d endorsement Personification: radio was rather proud, alert
e cultural and fast (line 53) [to an extent, considering
f conscious pride alertness and speed can also be animal
attributes]
Page 33: Wires and Lights in a Box Rhetorical question: But even if they are
right, what have they got to lose? (line 66)
Exercise 1
a speech/ discourse
b Murrow himself
c our (American) history
d historians
3
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Chapter 2 - Answers
Page 37: Should thin be in? f Truereceive negative comments from male
characters about their bodies
Exercise 1
a those last twenty pounds
b by presenting an ideal difficult to achieve
Page 38: Developing writing skills
and maintain/ / by imposing certain beauty This section does not have definitive answers.
standards on women The questions should help students learn how to
c youth and thinness write a specific type of text through discussing the
d depression, loss of self-esteem and the importance of the title in articles, audience and the
development of unhealthy eating habits texts communicative purpose. For example, in b
e thinness is the latest trend/ ideal thinness is & c, students should be able to identify the general
coveted/ sought after because it has become an public as the intended audience because the text
ideal/ a trend aims to inform and raise awareness. Teachers:
f because it showed a heavy-set (chubby/ draw students attention to the use of facts, lack of
overweight) model on its cover repetition and clarity of information (introduction
g because the advertisers complained (Teachers of topic and development) in informative texts.
note: link to the ideal that is difficult to achieve
and maintain and how the use of this ideal
boosts sales) Page 41: Wear Sunscreen
h ordinary as opposed to ideal (skinny & young),
Exercise 2
especially that ordinary in advertising terms
means skinny (thin) and young a 1. meandering
2. faded
3. recall
Exercise 2 4. effective
a estimated 5. blindside
b anxious 6. reckless
c reinforce 7. berate
d canned 8. instrument
e incident 9. ugly
f wielded 10. inalienable
g spur Exercises 1 (b), (c) & (d) do not have definitive
answers. Students are expected to re-read the
Exercise 3 text, list the pieces of advice given and justify
a to be why they grouped them the way they did before
b argues they explain the analogy in their own words.
c concludes
d compete Exercise 2
e might help a i speech
ii class of 97 (school graduates)
Exercise 4 iii graduation ceremony
a True some (have been known to) faint on the iv Student opinion should be presented and
set from lack of food justified (no definitive answer)
b Truemajority of whom are naturally larger Teachers: refer students to the advice on
than any of the models writing good speeches, and the stylistic and
Do not accept larger and more mature because the rhetorical devices a good speaker uses (p. 34).
latter refers to age rather than size. In addition, draw students attention to the
c False an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain significance of one-word sentences in this
d False temporary weight loss/ 90 to 95% of speech.
dieters regain the lost weight
e Trueexposure to images of thin, young, air-
brushed female bodies is linked to (depression,
loss of self-esteem, and) the development of
unhealthy eating habits (in women and girls).
Depression and loss of self-esteem are optional/ they
are accepted because they are usually linked to eating
disorders.
4
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Chapter 2 - Answers
Page 44: Manorexia: Men with eating Page 48: I have seen the future
disorders on the rise and its Goth
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
a purging a parents of goths will probably end up boasting
b unattainable about their son/daughter
c chiselled b who is herself a former goth
d physique c most goths are well educated/ they hardly ever
e inevitably drop out/ are often the best pupils
f obstacle d more likely to make a career in web design,
g tailored computer programming... even journalism
h normal e requisite air of mysterious gloom/ gazing
i obsession/ preoccupation forlornly at spots
j striving f her own dark gothic past gave her an outlet for
k bulk up alienation
l indicator g goth is a non-violent subculture
m enhanced
n trigger Exercise 2
o unique
1 announces
2 encourage
Page 46: Language and style 3 painted
4 remembers
Students are not expected to identify all the stylistic
5 didnt like
devices used in the article. They should identify a
6 concedes
few and discuss how the author deploys them to
7 can open up
understand how a good article is written. Examples:
8 would enrol
Direct quotes: none used in the article. Teachers: 9 dont know
draw students attention to how quotes are used in 10 shouldnt be
Should thin be in? (p. 36)
Facts: statistics, 2007 Harvard University Study, etc. Page 49: Developing writing skills
Rhetorical questions: none used in this article. The purpose of this exercise is to introduce
Teachers: Link lack of rhetorical questions to texts students to how articles vary depending on their
purpose (to inform and give advice). Rhetorical communicative purpose. Students should examine
questions are used in articles that have a persuasive how the use of direct quotes versus facts, for
purpose for example. example, stresses the communicative purpose.
Description: With every image of a waif-thin
female in the media is an equally unattainable
image of a man sporting chiseled abs and a super- Pages 53/54: Not My Alma Mater:
lean physique (lines 12-16) A Vitriolic Prologue
Imagery: waif-thin (line 12)/ many slip through
Exercise 1
the diagnostic crack (lines 46 & 47).
a She had an A average/ she had never gotten a
Anecdotes: none used in this article. However, detention or even a demerit point.
anecdotes can be used in articles that have a b She does not respect them.
different communicative purpose. c Her mum supported the schools decision and
Emotive language: rarely picture men starving Leblanc is not convinced the decision is sound
or purging themselves to be thin (line 1/ reaction: (NONESENSE- all in caps and each letter a mile
disbelief)/ Thats more than double (lines 2 & 3/ in length)
though this is a fact, the way it is expressed evokes d Old ladies who were there to hide the signs
shock). of age-usually by dyeing their hair pitch
black which has a blue hue, especially under
florescent lights- complained about Leblancs
hair.
e Both had a big, blonde fin.
f She knew her attire was not socially acceptable.
5
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Chapter 2 - Answers
Exercise 2
a A
b B
c A (it can be argued that both irony and mockery
are viable answers. However, a parody involves
comic exaggeration of the original. Neither irony
nor mockery convey this humorous aspect).
d D
e A
Exercise 3
a It was her choice to be ugly; it was not imposed
on her because she was myopic, unfashionable
and lacked the looks, all of which humiliated
her. By adopting an air of self-imposed ugliness,
she was protecting herself (it changed the way
she perceived herself).
b Why she had decided to become a punk.
c Not being asked what she thought of her
rebellious actions; everybody forced their own
interpretations on her, but did not ask her
what she thought or what she was trying to
communicate.
d Dyeing: she literally dyed her hair pink.
Dying: she was desperate to tell people her
ideas, express her innermost thoughts instead
of having everybody tell her she is ugly.
The homophones highlight the idea that, in
desperation, she dyed her hair (became a punk)
to deliver a message.
6
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Chapter 3 - Answers
Chapter 3 - Answers
Page 58: USAIDS Global Climate Page 62: Public Support
Program geoengineering research, survey
Exercise 1 funds
a institutions and individuals interested or Exercise 1
involved in climate changes/ General public
a i Scientists from Cambridge, Oxford, Reading
b To promote certain methods to be used in facing
& Bristol Universities
Global Climate Change.
ii to test the future flexibility of pumping
c (1) energy efficiency, (2) forest protection, (3)
hundreds of tonnes of minute chemical
biodiversity conservation
particles into the thin stratospheric air to
d Avoid unnecessary duplication and lays the
reflect sunlight and cool the planet.
foundation for a sustained integrated approach.
iii to allow time for more engagement with
e environmentally sound technologies
stakeholders.
f Reduce household energy consumption and
b via Internet
costs while providing hot water to households
c 18
that could not otherwise afford it
d ascertain how widespread public knowledge of
geoengineering was and how the public actually
Exercise 2 perceived it.
1 H e Do you think scientists should study solar
2 D radiation management?
3 F f i Politically conservative people who are
4 A distrustful of government and other
elite institutions and who doubt
Exercise 3 there is a climate problem
a climate change mitigation (mitigating climate ii most of political spectrum (excluding
change) the conservative ones) supporting
b stabilizes and is prevented from eroding away science concern for climate change &
during rain and windstorms environmentalists
c enhancing soil fertility g David Keith
h Keith managed a multi-million dollar
private fund from Bill Gates from which he
Exercise 4 distributed monies to technicians developing
a preservation geoengineering hardware to be used by private
b hope companies in experiments.
c distribution i i Messenger : David Keith
d alleviate ii Message : using geoengineering to combat
e flexibility global warming.
j The survey was reviewed by Nick Pidgeon, a
Exercise 5 leading expert on studying public reception
a Ensure k i critics: ETC Group from the Ottawa-based
b Findings technology watch, one of whom is
c Key Jim Thomas/ some conservative
d Partnerships politicians
e Both ii one of the authors: David Keith
l Answers will vary
Exercise 6
each: Private sector & local and national
Exercise 2
authorities, communities and nongovernmental 1 C
organizations 2 F
their: Developing and transition countries 3 A
They: Biodiversity conservation, improved forest 4 G
management and sustainable agriculture.
their: Participating villages and communities.
7
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Chapter 3 - Answers
Page 64: Energy Conservation b The amount of money gained only on those
two days when related apps are used. (Accept
C, D, F, H (in any order) other relevant answers)
c To emphasize the importance of Apps used in
Page 65: Saving Energy every day Smart phones.
Ordered as they appear in the table
1 Reduces energy at home by approximately 10% Exercise 2
2 Wrapping electric water heaters in an insulating a A
blanket b C
3 Any two from: consumes 75% less energy/ c A
lasts up to 10 times longer/ reduces lighting d B
costs e B
4 Ensures a tight fit for efficient operation.
5 Keeping pool filtration system clean Exercise 3
6 Maximize energy use 1 The writer (Bob Tedeschi) and his friends at the
7 Save $100-$250 in energy costs per year dinner
2 The writers friend hosting the dinner/ The host
Page 71: Our Lives on a Chip 3 Masterpiece
4 The help Instant Poetry HD can provide/
Stanza 1 Humans lives are compared to electronic Drawing on words, composing work on top of
chips that are controlled by computers a photo of your choosing, then e-mailing your
that feed us constantly through wires masterpiece or saving it for later also splitting
and all is described as a conspiracy up word lists by theme, for poets who are in a
Stanza 2 1 Computers hurry.
5 Your favorite Shakespeare poems
2 Computers/technology provide us
6 Shakespeares sonnets
with knowledge and information
7 The Shmoop series of literature tutorials
but nothing that we cannot find
without their aid (Accept any
other relevant answer) Page 77: Superiority
Stanza 3 Life patterns/everything we do/lives and Exercise 1
souls, etc.
a A) expect any mitigation of whatever sentence
Stanza 4 Being controlled and manipulated the Court may pronounce
B) I have been allowed to see
Stanza 5 Heading
b Letter/statement to the Court
Stanza 6 Attention/notice c To refute some of the lying reports broadcast
Stanza 7 Computers compared to a cold metal box over the prison radio and published in the
are invaders that now control our world, papers about the true cause of their defeat.
which we must take back by reducing d In Prison/ prison cell (accept other relevant
reliance on them answers)
e The long-range homing torpedo, dirigible ball-
Stanza 8 Better life lightning and the various modifications of the
Stanza 9 1 Regaining our freedom and kingdom Klydon beam.
f Installations of weapons were generally of
2 Allowing computers to run our lives more power, and they had a far greater military
Research Organization/ The combined fleets
of our allies greatly exceeded in number and
Page 73: Quick Access to poetry in armament those which the enemy could muster
the Age of technology against us.
Exercise 1 Exercise 2
a It helps them draw on words, compose work
a FALSE Which I do of my own free will
on top of a photo of their choosing, then e-mail
b TRUE entirely false picture of the true cause of
their masterpiece or save it for later. If in a
our defeat OR lying reports
hurry, the app can split up word lists by theme.
c TRUE: I have twice made to the court
They can also find rhyming words.
d TRUE (The combined fleets of our allies) greatly
8
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Chapter 3 - Answers
exceeded in number (and armament those which b. Description of event, location, date, activities
the enemy could muster against us) involved, target audience, aim(s), contact
e FALSE: the enemy possessed similar weapons details, etc. Any other relevant answers.
f FALSE but the opposition proved stronger than c. Any four of the following: Homecoming
we had expected parade, Beating Retreat, Aberdeen Country
Fayre, Tolbooth Tours, Tartan at the Terrace
Exercise 3 Concert, Ancestral tourism Day, Wallace 700
celebration, Festival in the city
a Mitigation
d. Homecoming: Anniversary of the Birth
b Refute
of Robert Burns, Scotlands National poet.
c Libels
Beating Retreat: The traditional way soldiers
d Induce
were ordered in the 17th century to return to
e Muster
barracks
f Equipped with
g Proceeded
Exercise 2
Exercise 4 a FALSE: everyone can take part / a day of fun
a Professor-General Norden, (the new Chief of the for all the family
Research Staff) b TRUE: back to their Scottish roots
b voting/disputing to appoint a theoretical scientist c FALSE: spans 200 years of world-history
to fill the post and lives on (through the soldiers of the
c He doubted the possibility of improving the Highlanders)
existing weapons instead of re-assuring the d FALSE: from the UK and abroad
military advisors/ his unexpected answer
compared to his predecessor who always did Exercise 3
what they asked for.
a astounding
d What made them superior in the war is that
b variety
their enemies Research Staff also devoted itself
c associations
to perfecting old weapons instead of developing
d extends across
new ones.
e extraordinary
e Disregarding the use of conventional/ old
weapons and using the new one instead.
Page 84: Book Festivals
Grammar Exercise 1
1 The inferior science of our enemies:
a TRUE: than you would ever guess by watching
Emphasize his teams superiority and the fact
television or, a lot of the time, reading the
that it is this superiority that made them lose the
papers.
war
b FALSE: performing at Hay, Ways with Words
2 In the laboratory: Send a warning/Predict the
and most recently Edinburgh
upcoming problem (Nordens plan was only
c FALSE: in direct competition with the fringe
theoretical/ was not tested in real situations)
and other festivals.
d FALSE: There is arguably more real life and
Exercise 5 energy in the book festival than in other "live"
1 suspicious cultural forms
2 intoxicated e TRUE: They raise the question: is it just the
3 suspended media and politicians who are dumb?
4 obsolete
5 magnitude Exercise 2
1 Down
Page 81: International Youth 2 About
3 On
Festivals 4 With
Exercise 1 5 In
6 At
a. Advertise the Celebration of Homecoming
7 Under
on the 2nd August/Advertise Aberdeens
8 For
Homecoming Tartan Day/ Any relevant
answer
9
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Chapter 4 - Answers
Chapter 4 - Answers
Pages 87-112 20 E
21 the narrator, most likely
Here, suggested answers are given to questions on text 22 the chocolate makes the grandparents forget
handling, including understanding and working with about competing whose meatballs were the best
details, grammar in context, vocabulary, etc. Tasks and they start chatting; Mrs. Hodges points out
and questions exploring the students interpretation how despite their different tastes, they all love
are best handled and discussed in class, as all answers chocolate
rising from an in-depth, and sometimes subjective,
understanding of the literary text are equally valid, as
long as they are effectively justified from the text.
Page 91
Exercise 1
Page 89 a C
2 short story / prose b A
3 first person narrative is revealed in line 1. The c C
narrator refers to his school and grandma, and it d A
is possible he lives in a multicultural community.
The name Alexander is revealed at the end of Exercise 2
the story.
a True; (When the man was finished,) he made
4 it was a great opportunity to encourage peace
to pay
and understanding among the different cultures
b True; You are our guest here.
in our community
c False; They crowded around him
5 his grandma was not the only one who had
d False; A sigh of satisfaction passed through
made meatballs for the food fest / Lucas
everyone that soon changed to a rousing yell as
grandparent had also cooked meatballs, and so
they saw him dial a number
had Claras, Ambers and Kerems
e True; A while later, they heard him say into the
6 ii
mouthpiece, Hello.
7 the adults were to serve the children
8 B
9 D Exercise 3
10 Lucas grandmothers special Italian (NB The question refers to lines 47-60)
meatballs were served with spaghetti and made a lines 47-55 describe the villagers reactions +
with homemade tomato sauce. Ambers only the cobbler kept quiet
grandfathers Indian meatballs were vegetarian b the cry, said hello, the sound, giggled, tried the
with mint and yoghurt, served with rice. word, called out, laughing, bells chimed, echoes
11 Mrs. Hodges (and presumably the children too; lingered, sound had dimmed
see lines 21-23) c tentatively
12 In line 55, the narrators grandmothers tongue d (the echoes) lingered (long after the sound had
clicking could indicate her disapproving Ambers dimmed)
grandfathers claim of making the best meatballs.
13 D
14 Lucas grandmother tapped and scooped; Exercise 4
Ambers grandfather nodded his head and (NB The question refers to lines 61-69)
scooped; the narrators grandmother clicked her a (an) occasion
tongue and scooped; Claras grandmother waved b awed
her hands and scooped c reverently
15 A (Discussion point: Does the context of the d digit-by-digit
story allow for option B too?)
16 she thought she could not take one more bite
17 children were happy tasting each others
Exercise 5
meatballs, whereas the adults were looking C, D
angry; Mrs. Hodges was perhaps worried about
the adults behavior
18 speaking to the group of people
19 they raced to the office to raid her Christmas
stash, that is to fetch some sweets that had
been stored in a secret place
10
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Chapter 4 - Answers
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Chapter 4 - Answers
Exercise 2
a unable (line 1)
b preventing (3)
c remained (4/6)
d along with (8)
e in fear of (12)
f extending (17)
g with fascination (21)
h slamming (24)
i (spreading out), thickening
Exercise 3
1 F
2 G
3 I (/B)
4 E
5 D
6 B
7 H
Exercise 4
the experienced ones
Exercise 5
youngsters
Exercise 6
a False; Already for two months the men had
lived underground
b False; working and sleeping in darkness
c True; They had water and food
d False; Four of them had worked legally (four
out of nine)
e False; They spoke () with confidence and
shared stories
f True; knowing that (many) would not go for
help ( and) syndicate bosses () would do
nothing
g False; so that they could make money to take back
h False; Underground they suffered.
i False; food at prices too frightening for them to
say out loud
j True; Muscles formed where none had been
Exercise 9
B
Exercise 10
A and/or D (depending on interpretation)
Exercise 11
D
12
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Chapter 5 - Answers
Chapter 5 - Answers
Page 135: Population Diversity Exercise 2
a How difficult it is to understand
Exercise 1 b The different tongues spoken in Singapore
a A affected each other and evolved into
b B a communal language (used by locals
c C and immigrants from different language
d D backgrounds).
c words and pronunciation from other languages
Exercise 2 were mixed into English
d spoken very fast / word endings not fully
a B
pronounced
b A
e no articles / verbs left out and tenses / plurals /
c B
pronouns / voice missing
d C
f Non-standard grammar used in a public sign
e C
g Varies from person to person / ethnic group to
f B
ethnic group
g A
h because the use of proper English gives the city
h B
a good image as an international hub
i B
i switch back and forth depending on who they
j B
are speaking to
k A
j Fun, energetic and laconic
l C
m C
n C Exercise 3
o B a never-ending
b carefully/ diligently/ thoroughly
Exercise 3 c putting ideas into words
d busy and confusing
a the location of Singapore
e original inhabitants
b Singapore
f lament / regret
c Singapore
g short and to the point / concise
d immigrants of the 19th century
e the end of the 19th century
f the rest of the population Exercise 4
g Other foreign / non-resident workers
A-D Students should be encouraged to look up
h cultural area
the references and work out the connection
to the text
Page 140 : Interlinguistic
interference
Exercise 1
1 D
2 G
3 J
4 E
5 H
6 L
7 K
8 C
13
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Chapter 5 - Answers
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Chapter 5 - Answers
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Pieces of advice
a A world traveller without roots / permanent 1. Emphasise the indigenous language/ speak to
home your children in your mother tongue;
b Brought up on the edge of different cultures 2. Adopt folklore as a way of passing on culture;
c To find a way of expressing something 3. Expose children to books and multimedia in
differently, metaphorically, amusingly their home language;
d To not belong to any single culture / to accept 4. Be informed about your own culture;
(aspects of) several cultures simultaneously 5. Communicate your expectations about learning
their home culture and its necessity to your
Exercise 5 children;
This is an interpretive exercise. Multiple responses 6. Seek the support of relatives and cultural setups;
(A, B and C) are applicable to sentences 1 30. 7. be committed and determined: instilling a native
Emphasis should be on the students justification of culture in a child living in a foreign country is
their choices. not easy and does not happen overnight;
8. Do not limit learning to particular cultures.
Exercise 4
Teachers: please allow students to demonstrate their
own understanding of the proverbs, all of which
have been explained in the text.
15
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Chapter 5 - Answers
Disadvantages Advantages
Exercise 1
Languages Never learned Excellent English
a At home and an outsider
Arabic or Hindi skills
b Monolingual
c Early days Family Cannot He has wider
d Multilingual communities communicate perspectives
e Limits of learned languages with those who
f Unable to communicate speak Kannada
g At home and an outsider Being Indian Does not feel at He doesnt feel
h Independent home in India tied to his home
i Fresh start Feels as though country
j Where I belong he has missed
out
Exercise 2 Living In Saudi Never made Made friends with
Arabia any local Saudi other TCKs
a He has never learned them properly or lived in
friends
India long enough
b Mediocre Being an English Feels as though Is comfortable
c That he was in a minority; most people are speaker he cannot know living in London
multilingual his family or Has access to
d With disappointment share the familys work
e Liveliness culture
f The fact that India is so multilingual Having a sense of Might not know Can move around
g Living in a country where English is the first home where he belongs easily
language Living in London He is always He feels at home
h He went to an English speaking school with going to be and he feels
English speaking schoolmates something of an independent
i He now makes friends with people from outsider
different cultures and/ or backgrounds Other
j He feels at home speaking English
Exercise 3
a The loud sound of the language he doesnt
Page 164: Education and minorities
understand (clatter = banging together) Exercise 1
b Clearly understood a About 4 or 5. She was still in kindergarten
c Something you cannot learn and/ or b Lack of English / shyness / cultural differences
comprehend c She spent a lot of time drawing them and they
d An unhappy complaint from his relatives contained her secret world.
e They almost treated him as an inferior d She was retained because it appeared she was
f He was tired of hearing them complain making no progress.
g He became really involved in expat culture with e She seems to have talked freely to her parents at
other third culture kids home.
h It was something totally refreshing, new, f Not understanding the English alphabet and the
different and enjoyable connection between the shape and the sound of
the words. English words did not behave like
Chinese words.
g It seemed impolite to her for I to have a capital
letter. It seemed self -important / She wanted
to be polite to you, but she thought that the
small letter showed a lack of respect / The word
You was too soft to pronounce.
h She could already read Chinese characters when
she was learning English.
i It was probably where the teacher put the
children who seemed to have learning problems.
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Chapter 5 - Answers
j The parents never signed permission slips / The Not taking part in Too shy or Her parents didnt
girls' soft voices wouldn't have been heard by an the school play antisocial / her give permission
audience. voice is too soft
to be heard by the
Exercise 2 audience
These are suggested answers Not wanting to As Americans Maxine was
a She was preparing to speak (in English) but sing Land where they were superstitious
wasnt quite ready. my fathers died supposed to sing
b The other Chinese girls started speaking English this patriotic song
eventually.
c She found out that she was supposed to answer
the teacher (in English). Page 169: Scrap the teenage
d She herself was too scared to speak/ reply. stereotypes
e She thought girls were supposed to be quiet in
her Chinese culture. Exercise 1
f She was looking at the English word I and 1 C
wanting it to turn into a Chinese character. 2 K
g It was very difficult for her to pronounce. 3 B
h She expected another Asian American to 4 E
understand that it is unlucky to sing about the 5 L
dead. 6 H
7 F
Exercise 3 8 A
These are suggested answers 9 D
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Chapter 5 - Answers
18
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Chapter 5 - Answers
Exercise 4 Exercise 2
a Jamaica Suggested answers.
b Racism a You act really smart / You behave in a superior
c Back-heeling the banana manner
d The racist act of throwing the banana b What are you looking at? (threatening
e Watford Football Club behavior, accusing someone of staring)
c Do you want me to bust your face? / Do you
Exercise 5 want me to hit you in the face?
a Highlighted / made clearly visible d Beat her up!
b A small world (metaphor) e They make me feel like dying
c prevalent/ rampant
d Successful / winning Exercise 3
e Behaviour Students should be given the opportunity to find
what the cultural references mean and explain their
meaning in their own words.
Exercise 6
a Earning a living
b To have no fear of
c To be unconcerned about
d The most successful
e To be unconcerned about
f Become very important / visible
g Stop worrying about something unpleasant /
threatening
Exercise 1
a She is not good at maths /she is singled out to
go to the special maths class / the other children
there make racist /threatening comments.
b She considers herself dumb.
c Aggressive / threatening / racist
d They have low self-esteem / work on improving
students' academic self-esteem/ address racial
problems
e As an American of Japanese heritage, she is in
the minority.
f To deflect the classes attention to someone else
more vulnerable than her
g She breaks down crying.
h They can blame their low esteem on someone
weaker than themselves.
i Not really; she doesnt address the fundamental
problem
j Deal with the underlying problems / work on
improving students' academic self-esteem /
address racial problems
k She is really sorry and ashamed
l discrimination and racist bullying
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Chapter 5 - Answers
Exercise 4
LOVEY Observation 1 Interpretation 1 Observation 2 Interpretation 2
Her appearance and She wears size 12. Overweight She wants a sweater She might not have
possessions and chain like Phyllis. nice clothes
Her voice and speech She yells insults at Bad manners / poor She is good with words She is much brighter
Phyllis in class. self-control and observant. than she thinks she is.
Her behaviour She does like going to Low self-esteem She would bully Cowardly
special maths classes someone else to avoid
being hurt herself.
Reactions of others The other kids are very She is used to being The other kids call her There is a lot of racism
to her hostile. bullied. racist names. in that class which is
not dealt with.
Her home and American of Japanese In a minority They have a linoleum Not wealthy?
background heritage table.
Her voice and speech She has a gummy Normally very friendly She speaks dialect . Possibly comes
laugh. from a working class
background.
Her behaviour She cries when bullied. She is sensitive and She waves goodbye. Normally very friendly
vulnerable.
Reactions of others Jerry and Lovey tease Lovey and Jerry really Lovey makes fun of Phyllis is even lower
to her her. like her. her and the eraser up than Lovey in the
her nose. students social order.
Her home and American of Philipino In a minority in the She lives up a dirt Possibly: her family
background heritage class / school road. are farm workers ?
Her thoughts She shoulder shakes She is very upset She gets smaller and She is trying to
and emotions and sniffles. at being picked on smaller until she looks disappear / avoid
by Lovey who is like a white-sweatered any contact with the
supposed to be her ball. hurtful behaviour
friend . around her.
20
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Chapter 6 - Answers
Chapter 6 - Answers
Page 189: The Cultural Significance Exercise 5
*their: European sailors and coal miners/
of Tattoos European men in dangerous
Exercise 1 professions
*this time: late 18th Century
a on the contrary
*them: Maori men
b as a result
*them: Maori women
c since
*their: Europeans
d as
*They: highly skilled tattooists of Samoa
e although
f similarly
g for example Page 190: Letter
h also
i although Exercise 1
a due to
Exercise 2 b to start with
c furthermore
Target culture/ Tattoo Design Significance d when
Group e despite
Anchors or lamps Protection f as well as
on forearms g although
Maori culture of h in fact
New Zealand i not only
Prevents skin j but also
from being k therefore
wrinkled and l otherwise
keeps women m but
young
Berber tribes in Cultural symbols Page 192: Tattoos and Piercings
Algeria, Tunisia
and Libya cause Discrimination in the
Workplace
Exercise 3 Exercise 1
a tattoos are marks of machismo (form of a have
expression) insignificant to other sub-cultures b will clutter
b They are symbols of rich cultural histories c on to
c It reveals specific information about that d clan
persons social status, ancestry and skills e but
d Potential f is
e To show their proficiency in using the symbol g werent
tattooed h due to
f It has steadily evolved from a rebellious, anti- i stepped
social activity in the 1960s to a mainstream j by
means of asserting ones identity in the 1990s k but
(Any other wordings with the same l unfortunately
meaning are acceptable) m on
g Any four of the following: culture, ethnicity,
religion, representation of fashion, expression of Exercise 2
art/spiritual awakening
C, E, G, I (in any order)
Exercise 4
a C Exercise 3
b B a The media, fashion industry and Hollywood
c A have played a major role in manipulating society
21
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Chapter 6 - Answers
Exercise 2
This catastrophe: The lieutenant being shot/
suddenly wounded
They: the men about him/Corporals and other
representatives
It: The catastrophe/ The lieutenant being shot/
suddenly wounded
It: wounded mans hand
It: shoulder/sergeants shoulder
The latter: the lieutenant
Exercise 2
a D
b A
c B
d D
e A
Exercise 4
a lieutenant
b shells
c lieutenant
d surgeon
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Chapter 7 - Answers
Chapter 7 - Answers
Page 225: You too can be a medical Page 226: Developing writing skills:
practitioner blog entry
Exercise 1 There are no definitive answers for the set of
questions provided. Students are expected to
a would happen
identify how the author of the blog entry uses
b not
persuasive language and structures to convince the
c outside
audience of her stance. Some examples of possible
d will be launched
answers are listed below:
e will form
f can correctly answer quote the words or phrases which clarify the
g is required authors attitude to the topic she writes about.
h to be following
The author supports the registration of people who
i look into
practice old wives traditional medicine although
j except
they have not had any official medical training as
k indeed
medical practitioners.
l so
m but Examples of phrases which highlight this approval:
n which Simply register (line 1)
o objects why not become a registered practitioner (lines
4 & 5)
Exercise 2 well (line 15)
a ability to practise Old Wives Traditional far more glamorous (line 25)
Medicine/ ability to questions about traditional Examples of
cures and advice correctly Description: Old Wives traditional medicine/
b medical training or understanding of human the description of the scheme, registration, etc.
physiology Fact: Tomorrow at 11.30 am (line 6)/
c the scheme flatters practitioners just for description and requirements of the schemes
following traditional methods, and does away Narrative voice: Second-person view (you)
with the need for any of that difficult medical combined with first-person inclusion at times
training (we). Effect: audience feel they are included,
d A that their opinion matters.
e it is far more glamorous Direct quotes: Andy Burnham and Tom
f misdiagnosis, dangerous drug interactions and Dolphins quotes.
the problems of blurring the line between what Emotive language: absolutely (line 12)/
is and what is not medicine Hang on a moment (line 14) / Surely (line 14)
g there cant be anything to worry about, can [discuss with students the feelings those and
there? (lines 33 & 34 using tag questions to similar words and phrases evoke]
elicit approval)/ What a spoilsport (line 43) Rhetorical questions: there cant be anything
to worry about, can there? (line 33 & 34)
Exercise 3
a questions about the traditional way to treat Page 228: CAM practitioners are
burns & what happens to ones face when the
wind changes
skilled conmen
b a group of junior medics and scientists from the Exercise 1
Voice of Young Science a gifted
c practising medicine that isnt evidence-based b yield
d the proposed Department of Health professional c physician
registration scheme d stringent
e little Johnny e advocate
f unproven therapies f quacks
g fatal
h dubious
i incorporating
j diverted
26
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Chapter 7 - Answers
Exercise 1 Exercise 2
a methods a True sixty to sixty five percent of youths who
b vast have been jailed have been intimately connected
c deluding with substance abuse
d effective b False successful prevention is the identification
e improved of the underlying cause(s) of substance abuse
f practised c True Common to all is an intolerance of
g rejected frustration (and a frustration about the
h contradiction inevitable experience of frustration)
i better d True potentially equipping him or her with a
j legitimate necessary self-structure for successfully leading a
balanced life
Exercise 2 e False for approximately eight weeks
f True each student will be asked to fill out a
a Teachers: allow students to speculate and try to
survey
guess meaning from context. Specific knowledge
of the New Age philosophy is not required.
Accept answers like will become dated. Exercise 3
New Age: a philosophy, originating in the late a the authors war against drug abuse
1980s, characterized by a belief in alternative b in an accurate description of a problem lies an
medicine, astrology, spiritualism, etc. (The Free embedded solution
Dictionary). Refer to allusion (p. 34) in Chapter c The author/ Gibbs A. Williams/ Dr. Williams
2. d negative feelings/ anxiety, depression, shame,
b mainstream guilt, confusion, weakness, helplessness,
c certain complementary treatments hopelessness, ambiguity, complexity,
d acupuncture osteopathy, chiropractic and herbal ambivalence, and not knowing
medicine e administrators, counselors and teachers
e that a mechanism for treatment may still be f workshops
discovered; therefore, people should not reject g adolescents
complementary treatments out of hand/ link to h negative feelings
the acupuncture example
f patients should be given access to such therapies
Page 239: Drug addiction
Exercise 3 intervention
a 7 Exercise 1
b 1
a abusing
c 8
b thinks
d 3
c can
e 6
d are thinking
27
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Chapter 7 - Answers
Exercise 2
a himself, the seasoned drinker
b excessivist
c stupid, unimaginative, staggers a lot and
falls frequently in the gutter, and prone to
hallucinations
d unlike the unimaginative drinker, the
imaginative walks straight, never staggers nor
falls, and knows just where he is and what he is
doing, is witty
e death
f emphasis: the seasoned, imaginative drinker
does not delude himself into thinking he is
immortal as others do
g that he is mortal
h they are pessimistic and grim; he loses faith in
everyone around him
i his life
j meagreness
Exercise 3
a and who sees, in the extremity of his ecstasy,
blue mice and pink elephants
b he may know only the laws of things the
meaning of things never
c the one event happeneth to all alike. There
is no new thing under the sun, not even that
yearned-for bauble of feeble soulsimmortality
d He looks upon life and all its affairs with
the jaundiced eye of a pessimistic German
philosopher/
e They are without freedom. They are puppets of
chance. So is he.
29
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Chapter 9 - Answers
Chapter 9 - Answers
Pages 300-301: Wildlife safaris in g In paragraph 9, another word for sidetrack is
distract
India Tips from the expert
Exercise 1 Exercise 3
a not all of them have adequate infrastructure/
Advantages Disadvantages tourist may need to put up with a certain
Jeep covering a lot of if one is not patient, amount of physical discomfort
rides ground in the shortest it can turn out to be b hearing
possible time, thus a mindless drive in c and rightly so
maximizing ones the forest d climbing trees
chances of seeing jeep engine drowns e game
wildlife. out jungle sounds f patience
Elephant getting up close and g check on availability of machans before visiting
safaris personal with nature the part
in certain habitats h a pair of binoculars
accepted by animals/ i taking the perfect picture
they do not link it with j a good field guide
alien presence k there is no definitive answer- students should
no noise pollution express how important patience is if one is
good visibility to benefit from watching wildlife, especially
Boat most comfortable and cannot be enjoyed at that neither visitors nor guides can conjure up
safaris relaxing way to do a the wrong time of the animals upon demand (link to paragraph 3)
safari year
best way to get close Exercise 4
to certain species of a suitable
birds b plumage
Trekking cannot be done in c obsessed
protected areas d repellents
tourist is vulnerable if e gestures
s/he does not possess f litter
appropriate survival g memories
skills h strictly
can be very dangerous i rewarding
if tourist is not fit
enough or cannot Exercise 5
climb trees
Advice Justification
Using a best way to view demands a lot of
machan game patience take a pair of good enhances the experiences
binoculars of watching/ studying
Exercise 2 wildlife
a To fully enjoy nature, one should be extremely do not take photos unless obsession with taking
sensitive to his/ her surroundings and display a youre in a jeep photos tends to distract
large measure of patience and self-discipline from the experience of
b In paragraph 3, another word for vacation is watching wildlife/ large
sojourn lenses are cumbersome
c In paragraph 3, another word for perceptive is and add to ones discomfort
discerning dress appropriately in synthetic fabrics reflect
d In paragraph 4, another word for foreign is cotton fabrics and neutral or UV light, which is visible to
alien dull colours animals
e In paragraph 4 (not 5/ typo in the book) a use detergents that do not
phrase which means that a person is in a contain brighteners
position which gives him/ her a good view is use a wide brimmed hat inferred: to avoid a
vantage point sunstroke or sunburn
f Another word given in the text for machan is do not use dark glasses no justification provided
hide
30
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Chapter 9 - Answers
Exercise 4 i alluding
Teachers: allow students to make their own j us
inferences and justify them. k outlasted
l ingenuity
Examples:
any device/ machine that requires fuel is not Exercise 2
eco-friendly a Wall-E/ his cockroach sidekick/ Eve, his beloved
any device/ machine/ etc. that emits harmful b teems with evidence
gases is not eco-friendly c the potential extinction of the human race
human waste, if not recycled/ used as compost, d Steven Spielberg (A.I.), Francis Lawrence (I Am
is harmful Legend), M. Night Shyamalan (The Happening)
overcrowding is a potential problem- consider and Werner Herzog
waste, oxygen take up, etc. e overtly
littering f Hello, Dolly!
g Waste Allocation Load Lifter- Earth Class
Page 315: What can you do to help h collection of treasures, including Zippo lighters,
nuts and bolts, and a Rubiks Cube
the environment? i because of its notion that creativity and self-
destruction are sides of the same coin
Exercise 1 j they were driven off their home planet by an
a in essence economy consecrated to the manufacture and
b safeguarding consumption of more stuff
c imperative k with creaks and clanks and visible rivets, his
d demise surface pocked with dents and patches of
e overwhelmed rust (link to a new generation of specialized
f impact machines, lines 93&94)/ he is steadfast, but not
g proactive always clever or cool
h essential l coalesce
i reasonable m giant babies/ it encourages people to become fat,
j thrift lazy and dependent (an infantilizing force)
n the drive to invent new things and improve the
Exercise 2 old ones to buy and sell and make and collect
a 2 creates the potential for disaster and also the
b 8 possible path away from it
c 9
d 4 Exercise 3
e 6 a false the audience gleans that
b false if Wall-E were a romantic comedy
Exercise 3 c false steadfast, but not always cleaver
a A d true unless shes excited, in which case she has
b A a tendency to blow things up
c B e true an infantilizing force
d D f true world of Wall-E our world
Page 319: In a world left silent, Page 323: A few poems about
one heart beeps Facebook
Exercise 1 Dear Friend Ive Never Met
a barely (The Facebook Poem)
b wit 1 cyberspace
c bereft 2 tears & gratitude
d illuminates 3 how can you trust what you cant see
e extinction 4 neither holy nor sublime/ maybe unreal
f muses 5 because theyre typed and texted (second
g verbatim stanza/ theyre virtual rather than real friends)
h disarmingly 6 like sunshine and fresh air/ fast/ her forever
32
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Chapter 9 - Answers
Lolita
7 A/D/G/I (in any order)
33
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Chapter 10 - Answers
Chapter 10 - Answers
Solutions to Must balance Must balance
Page 329: The advantages of disadvantages needs for needs for
biofuels alternative fuels alternative fuels
with the need for with the need for
Exercise 1 food supplies food supplies
a Consumers (of green products)
b prices have an impact (price) increase /
people feel it / impact of rising fuel costs /
Page332: Funning cars on biofuels
"some suggest we use biofuel" (the use of the can be unethical
inclusive we indicates that the author and his/
her audience have a common interest) Exercise 1
c To describe the different biofuels and their a She strongly opposes the use of biofuels.
advantages and disadvantages b Green targets ... are... driving slavery, world
d The need to replace fossil fuels hunger and climate change / damning report on
e Drivers- can be used with other kinds of fuel; biofuels / drive deforestation ... if not properly
The general public renewable form of energy / monitored
lower carbon emissions c (The publishing of) an independent study by the
f The more crops are used for biofuel the less food Nuffield Council on Bioethics
is produced. d Using biofuels is going wrong / going in the
g Hopefully these problems can be resolved opposite direction / causing more harm than
good
Exercise 2 e Consumers they are increasing food prices
For workers they are subject to slavery and
a B
human rights abuses
b B
f The UK has agreed to meet European targets for
c C
increasing the use of biofuels by 2020.
d B
g Biofuels are supposed to reduce greenhouse
e A
gases, but intensive production methods are
f C
actually increasing them.
g B
h A source that does not harm the environment /
h B
protects human rights of workers.
i A
i A legal measure / showing that the biofuels
come from sustainable means of production.
Exercise 3 j At present biofuels imported into the UK can
Biodiesel Bioethanol come from unsustainable sources.
Properties Can be combined Used as a fuel k Waste products such as straw, energy grass,
with diesel additive willow, algae
l Not using agricultural land used for food
Advantages No engine No engine
production for the cultivation of biofuels
modifications modifications
required / Can be required / Can be
used in existing used in existing
engines engines
Better for the Can enhance
environment/ octane rating i.e.
fewer emissions makes the engine
Made from more efficient
renewable Replaces
supplies MTBE which
is made from
non-renewable
resources
Disadvantages Made from Made from
agricultural agricultural
stocks stocks
34
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Chapter 10 - Answers
Exercise 2
Suggested answers (answers in bold are suggested by the
text rather than stated)
Text A
Issues Attitude: Advantages Solution: Advantages Attitude: Running cars Solution: Running
of biofuels of biofuels on biofuels can be cars on biofuels can
unethical be unethical
Energy scarcity Biofuels are a Can replace non- No opinion offered No solution offered
sustainable and renewable fossil fuels
renewable source of
energy
Economic issues Fossil fuels continue Biofuels are Biofuel production Find alternative
to rise in price inexpensive and can drives up food prices biofuels crops
lessen rises in fuel not used for food
prices production
Environmental issues Fossil fuels cause Biofuels cause fewer Biofuels do not bring No solution offered
harmful emissions* emissions down green house
gases
Ethical issues People shouldnt No solution offered Doing nothing is Biofuels must come
starve because of unethical from ethical sources
biofuel production
Other: Allow students
to infer from text
provided they justify
their answers
* implied answer
Exercise 2
A business opportunity
The smallest single amount of time / payment for using the phone
Safaricom
A secure mobile payment system
The information from health workers in distant places OR other wordings with the same meaning
Expenses/Fees/Charges of using a mobile phone
Exercise 3 [Jargons]
a A business opportunity for microbanks to lend very
small sums of money to poor individuals to start or maintain a business
b Without the skills to understand or use technology
c Finding out demand for a product or service / working out costs, prices
d Anywhere you can pay in money
e The company with the biggest share of a market
f A company which is part of a bigger company
g A good business opportunity to make money
h The major / biggest companies in a particular field (See market leaders)
i The situation where money is sent from one country to another
j Rapidly accelerating growth of a business
Exercise 4
(Suggested answers)
37
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Chapter 10 - Answers
Exercise 2
a The number of mobile phones in a given population
b A converted mobile phone with banking facilities
c A service to send money electronically
d Everything connected to telephone systems: hardware, software, infrastructure, business systems
e A screen on a mobile phone that gives choices
f People without bank accounts
g The area and extent to which a company is able to do business
h The methods by which banks organise themselves and their communications systems
i How much the banks are known through the use of signs and advertising
j The poorest of the community
Exercise 3
(Suggested answers)
38
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Chapter 10 - Answers
5 It is possible to use a More custom Can replace cash and More money coming in to
mobile for all transactions is flexible system for the bank
payments
6 The system is fully secure Less chance of losses Keeps money safe Less chance of losses
7 The service makes Attracts more customers Greater availability Attracts more potential
banking easily available profit
everywhere
8 Anyone with a mobile & ID Attractive to customers Little paperwork / Good business opportunity
can get access to low cost bureaucracy / red tape
banking
9 It is a secure way to save More customers use bank Secure savings More money coming in to
money facilities the bank
10 Customers do not have Lower costs Better availability Lower costs
rely on a traditional
banking infrastructure
11 The system significantly Greater amount of Customers learn about Helps to grow business
increases bank brand & advertising bank services
visibility
12 It opens a new bottom of More business Enables very poor people More investment
pyramid segment of the opportunities to use banks opportunities
market
13 Employers can deposit More money / funds go Easy for employers to use More money invested in
salaries directly into micro into the bank to pay wages the bank
banking accounts
14 It is easy to open an Popular and attracts new Attractive and easy to use More potential for profit
account, deposit & customers
withdraw cash,
15 It is easy to check a Attractive and easy to use Attractive and easy to use More potential for profit
bank balance and get a
statement
Page 357-358: Top 5 Mobile g True: CCBRT has created an ap that leverages
mobile technology to provide healthcare to
innovations for Social Causes women
h True: creates cloud numbers for anyone without
Exercise 1 a phone
a False: Many new subscribers exist in
impoverished countries.
b False: They both help (Inferred from: whether
Exercise 2
it's an individual, community or the non- a 5 e 12 i 7
profit itself/ many entrepreneurs are using b 1 f 6 j 8
mobile technology to help them grow their c 3 g 9
communities economically) d 4 h 2
c False: empower individuals to emerge from
poverty / The 'business-in-a-box' enables and
Exercise 3
empowers impoverished individuals to dig their
way out of poverty a For economic growth
d True: Ruma sends a 'business-in-a-box' to b There are lots of phones and lots of poverty /
qualified franchises for $23. three quarters of population live in poverty
e True: enables users to micro volunteer / lets while the rates of cell phone penetration are
nonprofits post requests that are then routed to incredible.
volunteers c It allows them to create a business out of renting
f True: Free2Work's new iPhone app aims to access to community phones / they set-up kiosks
educate consumers by rating products, (from and sell prepaid airtime to their community.
Apple's iPad to Hasbro's Beyblades,) based on d By volunteering for very short periods of time
the labor practices. to complete/process the requests/challenges
posted/sent by nonprofits.
39
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Chapter 10 - Answers
Exercise 4
In the phrase the refer/s to
word/s
to help them grow their Entrepreneurs
their communities in impoverished
economically(line 8) communities
whether its an it People in need of help
individual, community
or the non-profit
itself: (line11-12)
The RUMA the two Great amounts of
organization aims poverty and great use
to combine the two of mobile phones /
(line 16-17) Incredible cell phone
penetration and
poverty
when it comes to their Corporations that do
how their products not treat their workers
are made. (line 57 ) well / have loose
morals
FrontlineSMS and the lead In providing mobile
Paypal taking the phone banking
lead (line 60 -61 )
And as weve we The writer and the
explored. (line 75) reader
40
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