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    This document discusses multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems and their state-space representation. It explains that state-space models compactly represent MIMO systems with multiple inputs and outputs through state dynamics and output equations. They can model both linear and nonlinear systems, account for initial conditions, and better represent system interactions. The state-space model defines matrices for the system, input, and output. While state-space models are not unique, they can analyze a system's poles, zeros, and transfer functions.

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    This document discusses multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems and their state-space representation. It explains that state-space models compactly represent MIMO systems with multiple inputs and outputs through state dynamics and output equations. They can model both linear and nonlinear systems, account for initial conditions, and better represent system interactions. The state-space model defines matrices for the system, input, and output. While state-space models are not unique, they can analyze a system's poles, zeros, and transfer functions.

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    This document discusses multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems and their state-space representation. It explains that state-space models compactly represent MIMO systems with multiple inputs and outputs through state dynamics and output equations. They can model both linear and nonlinear systems, account for initial conditions, and better represent system interactions. The state-space model defines matrices for the system, input, and output. While state-space models are not unique, they can analyze a system's poles, zeros, and transfer functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    42 views6 pages

    SSpace Rep

    Uploaded by

    iJordanScribd
    This document discusses multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems and their state-space representation. It explains that state-space models compactly represent MIMO systems with multiple inputs and outputs through state dynamics and output equations. They can model both linear and nonlinear systems, account for initial conditions, and better represent system interactions. The state-space model defines matrices for the system, input, and output. While state-space models are not unique, they can analyze a system's poles, zeros, and transfer functions.

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    of 6

    Multi Input Mulit Output (MIMO) Systems

    6 Outputs

    Engine Thrust

    4 Inputs

    [ ][ ][ ]
    Aircraft Control Y 1 s G 11 s G 1m s X s
    1
    =
    Coupling among Inputs and Outputs
    Y n s G n1 s G nm s X m s

    12/01/14 School of Engineering, RGU 1


    State-space Representation
    Model Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) Systems
    Transfer Functions model Single-Input-Single-Output
    (SISO) Systems
    Model Linear and Nonlinear, Coupling Systems
    Dynamics of Internal States
    State Dynamics Equation
    Depend on System Inputs
    System Outputs depend on Internal States and Inputs
    Output Equations

    12/01/14 School of Engineering, RGU 2


    Advantages of State Space Representations
    Limitations of Transfer Functions
    Difficult to model nonlinear systems in general (works for a limited subset like
    delayed systems)
    Difficult to model MIMO systems (Matrix of transfer functions to model linear
    coupling of inputs and outputs)
    Ignore initial conditions (assume all initial conditions are zeros)
    Advantages of State-space Representations
    Compact representation of MIMO systems (SISO system is a special case)
    Compact representation of linear and nonlinear systems
    Compact representation of time-varying systems and delayed systems
    Compact representation in time domain and facilitate numerical solution of time
    responses
    Take care of initial conditions of the systems
    Give a better picture of the interaction of the internal states in the systems
    12/01/14 School of Engineering, RGU 3
    Linear Continuous State-space Model
    System of First order ODE
    n n nm
    A B
    x = A x B u System Matrix Input Matrix

    y = C x D u C
    pn
    D
    pm

    Output Matrix Input Matrix

    [] [] []
    x1 u1 y1
    m-Inputs,
    x2 u2 y2 p-Outputs
    x= u= y= System

    xn um yp
    System State Vector System Input Vector System Output Vector
    12/01/14 School of Engineering, RGU 4
    Non-uniqueness of State-space Models

    x (t) = A x(t)+ B u(t ) (t ) = ^


    A (t)+ ^B u(t )
    y(t) = C x(t)+ D u(t) y(t) = C ^ (t )+ ^
    D u(t)

    Put x(t) = P (t) P (t ) = A P (t)+ B u(t)


    Similarity y(t ) = C P (t )+ D u(t)
    Transformation

    ^
    A =
    1
    P AP
    (t ) = P1 A P (t )+ P1 B u(t) ^ 1
    B = P B
    y(k ) = C P (t )+ D u(t ) ^
    C = CP
    ^
    D = D
    12/01/14 School of Engineering, RGU 5
    Poles and Zeros of State-space Model
    x (t) = A x(t)+ B u(t)
    y(t) = C x(t)+ D u(t)
    Y (s) 1 adj (s I A)
    W (s) = = C (s I A) B+ D = C B+ D
    U (s) det (s I A)
    Poles of W(s)
    Roots of det (s I A) = 0
    Eigenvalues of A

    s X (s) = A X (s)+ BU (s) Zeros of W(s)


    Y (s) = C X (s)+ DU (s)
    Y(s) = 0
    [ s I A B
    C D ][ ]
    X (s)
    U (s)
    =0
    det
    ([ s I A B
    C D ]) =0

    12/01/14 School of Engineering, RGU 6

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