Q 1

Fluid Mechanics
Tutorial
1. Water flows near a flat surface and some measurements of the water velocity,u, parallel to
the surface, at different heights,y, above the surface are obtained. At the surface . After an
analysis of the data, the lab technician reports that the velocity distribution in the range
is given by the equation
u = 0.81 + 9.2y + 4.1 103 y 3
with u in m/s when y is in m. (a) Do you think that this equation would be valid in any
system of units? Explain. (b) Do you think this equation is correct? Explain.
2. Two flat plates are oriented parallel above a fixed lower plate as shown in Figure 1. The
top plate, located a distance b above the fixed plate, is pulled along with speed V. The
other thin plate is located a distance cb, where 0 < c < 1, above the fixed plate. This plate
moves with speed V1 , which is determined by the viscous shear forces imposed on it by
the fluids on its top and bottom. The fluid on the top is twice as viscous as that on the
bottom. Plot the ratio V1 /V as a function of c for 0 < c < 1.
Figure 1:
3. The sled shown in Figure 2 slides along on a thin horizontal layer of water between the ice
and the runners. The horizontal force that the water puts on the runners is equal to 5.3 N
when the sleds speed is 15 m/s. The total area of both runners in contact with the water
is 0.007 m2 , and the viscosity of the water is 168 105 . Determine the thickness of the
water layer under the runners. Assume a linear velocity distribution in the water layer.
Figure 2:
4. A new computer drive is proposed to have a disc, as shown in Figure 3. The disc is to
rotate at 10,000 rpm, and the reader head is to be positioned 0.012 in. above the surface
of the disc. Estimate the shearing force on the reader head as a result of the air between
the disc and the head
Figure 3:
5. A mercury manometer is connected to a large reservoir of water as shown in Figure 4.

Determine the ratio,hw/hm, of the distances hw and hm indicated in the figure.
Figure 4:
6. Two pipes are connected by a manometer as shown in Figure 5. Determine the pressure
difference,pA pB , between the pipes.
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Figure 5:
7. A long, vertical wall separates seawater from fresh water. If the seawater stands at a depth
of 7 m, what depth of freshwater is required to give a zero resultant force on the wall?
When the resultant force is zero, will the moment due to the fluid forces be zero? Explain.
8. An area in the form of an isosceles triangle with a base width of 1.8 and an attitude of 2.4
lies in the plane forming one wall of a tank that contains a liquid having a specific weight
of 12.60KN/m3 . The side slopes upward, making an angle of 60 with the horizontal. The
base of the triangle is horizontal, and the vertex is above the base. Determine the resultant
force the fluid exerts on the area when the fluid depth is 6.1 m above the base of the
triangular area. Show, with the aid of a sketch, where the center of pressure is located.
9. An open tank has a vertical partition and on one side contains gasoline with a density
700 kg/m3 at a depth of 4 m, as shown in Figure. A rectangular gate that is 4 m high and
2 m wide and hinged at one end is located in the partition. Water is slowly added to the
empty side of the tank. At what depth, h, will the gate start to open?
Figure 6:
10. An iceberg (specific gravity 0.917) floats in the ocean (specific gravity 1.025). What percent
of the volume of the iceberg is under water?
Page 3
11. The density of a liquid is to be determined by an old 1-cm-diameter cylindrical hydrometer
whose division marks are completely wiped out. The hydrometer is first dropped in water,
and the water level is marked. The hydrometer is then dropped into the other liquid, and
it is observed that the mark for water has risen 0.5 cm above the liquidair interface. If the
height of the water mark is 10 cm, determine the density of the liquid
12. It is said that Archimedes discovered his principle during a bath while thinking about
how he could determine if King Hieros crown was actually made of pure gold. While in the
bathtub, he conceived the idea that he could determine the average density of an irregularly
shaped object by weighing it in air and also in water. If the crown weighed 3.20 kgf (31.4
N) in air and 2.95 kgf (28.9 N) in water, determine if the crown is made of pure gold. The
density of gold is 19,300 kg/m3 . Discuss how you can solve this problem without weighing
the crown in water but by using an ordinary bucket with no calibration for volume. You
may weigh anything in air
13. An average table tennis ball has a diameter of 3.81 cm and a mass of 2.6 gm. Estimate the
(small) depth hat which the ball will float in water at 20 C and sea level standard air if air
buoyancy is (a) neglected; or (b) included.
14. The hull of a boat has a volume of 150 m3 , and the total mass of the boat when empty is
8560 kg. Determine how much load this boat can carry without sinking (a) in a lake and
(b) in seawater with a specific gravity of 1.03.
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Fluid Mechanics

u = 0.81 + 9.2y + 4.1 103 y 3

5. A mercury manometer is connected to a large reservoir of water as shown in Figure 4.

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