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    The Hydrologic Cycle Begins With The

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    Michael Gonzales
    The document defines key terms related to hydrology and aquifers. It explains that an aquifer is an underground layer of permeable material such as rock or gravel that can store and transmit groundwater. It can be confined by impermeable layers above and below, causing water to rise in wells. Unconfined aquifers are directly recharged from above. The zone of saturation lies below the water table within the aquifer where all spaces are filled with water.

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    The Hydrologic Cycle Begins With The

    Uploaded by

    Michael Gonzales
    40 views3 pages
    The document defines key terms related to hydrology and aquifers. It explains that an aquifer is an underground layer of permeable material such as rock or gravel that can store and transmit groundwater. It can be confined by impermeable layers above and below, causing water to rise in wells. Unconfined aquifers are directly recharged from above. The zone of saturation lies below the water table within the aquifer where all spaces are filled with water.

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    hydrolic cycle

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    The document defines key terms related to hydrology and aquifers. It explains that an aquifer is an underground layer of permeable material such as rock or gravel that can store and transmit groundwater. It can be confined by impermeable layers above and below, causing water to rise in wells. Unconfined aquifers are directly recharged from above. The zone of saturation lies below the water table within the aquifer where all spaces are filled with water.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views3 pages

    The Hydrologic Cycle Begins With The

    Uploaded by

    Michael Gonzales
    The document defines key terms related to hydrology and aquifers. It explains that an aquifer is an underground layer of permeable material such as rock or gravel that can store and transmit groundwater. It can be confined by impermeable layers above and below, causing water to rise in wells. Unconfined aquifers are directly recharged from above. The zone of saturation lies below the water table within the aquifer where all spaces are filled with water.

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    Marvin Dela Cruz

    BSCE-4th year
    HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
    The hydrologic cycle begins with the evaporation of water from the
    surface of the ocean. As moist air is lifted, it cools and water
    vapor condenses to form clouds. Moisture is transported around the
    globe until it returns to the surface as precipitation. Once the water
    reaches the ground, one of two processes may occur; 1) some of the
    water may evaporate back into the atmosphere or 2) the water may
    penetrate the surface and become groundwater. Groundwater either
    seeps its way to into the oceans, rivers, and streams, or is released
    back into the atmosphere through transpiration. The balance of water
    that remains on the earth's surface is runof, which empties into lakes,
    rivers and streams and is carried back to the oceans, where the cycle
    begins again.
    Evaporation of warm surface water increases the amount of
    moisture in the colder, drier air flowing immediately above the lake
    surface. With continued evaporation, water vapor in the cold
    air condenses to form ice-crystal clouds, which are transported toward
    shore.
    AQUIFER

    An aquifer is an underground
    layer of water-bearing permeable
    rock, rock fractures or
    unconsolidated materials
    (gravel, sand, or silt) from
    which groundwater can be extracted
    using a water well. The study of
    water flow in aquifers and the
    characterization of aquifers is
    called hydrogeology. Related terms include aquitard, which is a bed of
    low permeability along an aquifer, and aquiclude (or aquifuge), which
    is a solid, impermeable area underlying or overlying an aquifer. If the
    impermeable area overlies the aquifer, pressure could cause it to
    become a confined aquifer.
    AQUICLUDE

    Related terms include aquitard, which is a bed of low permeability along an


    aquifer, and aquiclude (or aquifuge), which is a solid, impermeable area
    underlying or overlying an aquifer. If the impermeable area overlies the aquifer
    pressure could cause it to become a confined aquifer.

    AQUITARD

    An aquitard is a zone within the earth that restricts the flow of groundwater
    from one aquifer to another. A completely impermeable aquitard is called an
    aquiclude or aquifuge. Aquitards comprise layers of either clay or non-porous
    rock with low hydraulic conductivity.

    ZONE OF SATURATION

    The phreatic zone, or zone of saturation, is the area in an aquifer, below


    the water table, in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with
    water.
    The phreatic zone defines the lower edge of the vadose zone.
    The phreatic zone size, color, and depth may fluctuate with changes of season,
    and during wet and dry periods.

    WATER TABLE

    The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation.


    The water table should not be confused with the water level in a deeper
    well. If a deeper aquifer has a lower permeable unit that confines the upward
    flow, then the water level in this aquifer may rise to a level that is greater or less
    than the elevation of the actual water table. The elevation of the water in this
    deeper well is dependent upon the pressure in the deeper aquifer and is referred
    to as the potentiometric surface, not the water table.
    CONFINED AQUIFER

    A confined aquifer is an aquifer below the land surface that is saturated


    with water. Layers of impermeable material are both above and below
    the aquifer, causing it to be under pressure so that when the aquifer is
    penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer.

    UNCONFINED AQUIFERS

    Unconfined aquifers are those into which water seeps from the ground
    surface directly above the aquifer. Confined aquifers are those in which an
    impermeable dirt/rock layer exists that prevents water from seeping into
    the aquifer from the ground surface located directly above
    RECHARGED AREA

    Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a


    hydrologic process where water moves downward from surface water to
    groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an
    aquifer.

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