VMware interview Questions

When i was searching for interview questions related to VMware. I found

the excellent link in which posted with interview questions.
http://www2.isupportyou.net/2010/06/vmware-interview-questionstips.html.

1. VMWare Kernel is a Proprietary Kenral and is not based on any of the UNIX operating
systems, it's a kernel developed by VMWare Company.
2. The VMKernel can't boot it by itself, so that it takes the help of the 3rd party operating
system. In VMWare case the kernel is booted by RedHat Linux operating system which is
known as service console.
3. The service console is developed based up on Redhat Linux Operating system, it is
used to manage the VMKernel
4. To restart webaccess service on vmware
service vmware-webaccess restart this will restart apache tomcat app
5. To restart ssh service on vmware
service sshd restart
6. To restart host agent(vmware-hostd) on vmware esx server
service mgmt-vmware restart
7. Path for the struts-config.xml
/usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/webapps/ui/WEB-INF/
8. To start the scripted install the command is
esx ks=nfs:111.222.333.444:/data/KS.config ksdevice=eth0
location
device name
9. Virtual Network in Simple.
Virtual Nic(s) on Virtual Machine(s) ----->
Physical Nic on the ESX Server (Virtual Switch - 56 Ports) ----->
Physical Switch Port
need access

Should be trunked with all the VLANS to which the VM's

All the ESX servers should be configured with Same number of Physical Nics (vSwitches)
and Connectivity also should be same, So that vMotion succeeds
All the Virtual Machines are connected to one vSwitch with Different VLANS, this means
the Physical Nic(vSwitch) needs to be trunked with the same VLANS on the Physical
Switch Port
10 What are the three port groups present in ESX server networking
1. Virtual Machine Port Group - Used for Virtual Machine Network
2. Service Console Port Group - Used for Service Console Communications
3. VMKernel Port Group - Used for VMotion, iSCSI, NFS Communications
11. What is the use of a Port Group?
The port group segregates the type of communication.

12. What are the type of communications which requires an IP address for sure ?
Service Console and VMKernel (VMotion and iSCSI), these communications does not
happen without an ip address (Whether it is a single or dedicated)
13. In the ESX Server licensing features VMotion License is showing as Not used, why?
Even though the license box is selected, it shows as "License Not Used" until, you
enable the VMotion option for specific vSwitch
14. How the Virtual Machine Port group communication works ?
All the vm's which are configured in VM Port Group are able to connect to the
physical machines on the network. So this port group enables communication between
vSwitch and Physical Switch to connect vm's to Physical Machine's
15. What is a VLAN ?
A VLAN is a logical configuration on the switch port to segment the IP Traffic. For this
to happen, the port must be trunked with the correct VLAN ID.
16. Does the vSwitches support VLAN Tagging? Why?
Yes, The vSwitches support VLAN Tagging, otherwise if the virtual machines in an esx
host are connected to different VLANS, we need to install a separate physical nic
(vSwitch) for every VLAN. That is the reason vmware included the VLAN tagging for
vSwitches. So every vSwitch supports upto 1016 ports, and BTW they can support 1016
VLANS if needed, but an ESX server doesnt support that many VMs. :)
17. What is Promiscuous Mode on vSwitch ? What happens if it sets to Accept?
If the promiscuous mode set to Accept, all the communication is visible to all the
virtual machines, in other words all the packets are sent to all the ports on vSwitch
If the promiscuous mode set to Reject, the packets are sent to inteded port, so that
the intended virtual machine was able to see the communication.
18. What is MAC address Changes ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for
that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the
MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow incoming traffic to the VM. So by
setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the incoming traffic
will be allowed to the VM.
19. What is Forged Transmits ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for
that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the
MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow outgoing traffic from the VM. So by
setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the outgoing traffic
will be allowed from the VM.
20. What are the core services of VC ?
VM provisioning , Task Scheduling and Event Logging
21. Can we do vMotion between two datacenters ? If possible how it will be?
Yes we can do vMotion between two datacenters, but the mandatory requirement is the
VM should be powered off.
22. What is VC agent? and what service it is corresponded to? What are the minimum
req's for VC agent installation ?
VC agent is an agent installed on ESX server which enables communication between VC
and ESX server.
The daemon associated with it is called vmware-hostd , and the service which
corresponds to it is called as mgmt-vmware, in the event of VC agent failure just restart
the service by typing the following command at the service console

" service mgmt-vmware restart "

VC agent installed on the ESX server when we add it to the VC, so at the time of
installtion if you are getting an error like " VC Agent service failed to install ", check
the /Opt size whether it is sufficient or not.
23. How can you edit VI Client Settings and VC Server Settings ?
Click Edit Menu on VC and Select Client Settings to change VI settings
Click Administration Menu on VC and Select VC Management Server Configuration to
Change VC Settings
24. What are the files that make a Virtual Machine ?
.vmx - Virtual Machine Configuration File
.nvram - Virtual Machine BIOS
.vmdk - Virtual Machine Disk file
.vswp - Virtual Machine Swap File
.vmsd - Virtual MAchine Snapshot Database
.vmsn - Virtual Machine Snapshot file
.vmss - Virtual Machine Suspended State file
.vmware.log - Current Log File
.vmware-#.log - Old Log file
25. What are the devices that can be added while the virtual Machine running
In VI 3.5 we can add Hard Disk and NIC's while the machine running.
In vSphere 4.0 we can add Memory and Processor along with HDD and NIC's while the
machine running
26. How to set the time delay for BIOS screen for a Virtual Machine?
Right Click on VM, select edit settings, choose options tab and select boot option, set the
delay how much you want.
27. What is a template ?
We can convert a VM into Template, and it cannot be powered on once its changed to
template. This is used to quick provisioning of VM's.
23. What to do to customize the windows virtual machine clone,?
copy the sysprep files to Virtual center directory on the server, so that the wizard will
take the advantage of it.
24. What to do to customize the linux/unix virtual machine clone,?
VC itself includes the customization tools, as these operating systems are available as
open source.
25. Does cloning from template happens between two datacenters ?
Yes.. it can, if the template in one datacenter, we can deploy the vm from that template
in another datacenter without any problem.
26. What are the common issues with snapshots? What stops from taking a snapshot
and how to fix it ?
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's, then the snapshot failed. If it is mapped as
virtual then we can take a snapshot of it.
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's as physical, you need to remove it to take a
snapshot.
27. What are the settings that are taken into to consideration when we initiate a
snapshot ?
Virtual Machine Configuration (What hardware is attached to it)
State of the Virtual Machine Hard Disk file ( To revert back if needed)
State of the Virtual Machine Memory (if it is powered on)

28. What are the requirements for Converting a Physical machine to VM ?

An agent needs to be installed on the Physical machine
VI client needs to be installed with Converter Plug-in
A server to import/export virtual machines
29. What is VMWare consolidated backup ?
It is a backup framework, that supports 3rd party utilities to take backups of ESX servers
and Virtual Machines. Its not a backup service.
30. To open the guided consolidation tool, what are the user requirements ?
The user must be member of administrator, The user should have "Logon as service"
privileges - To give a user these privileges, open local sec policy, select Logon as service
policy and add the user the user should have read access to AD to send queries

1. Explain the physical topology of Virtual Infrastructure 3 Data Centre?

a typical VMware Infrastructure data center consists of basic physical building blocks
such as x86 computing servers, storage networks and arrays, IP networks, a
management server and desktop clients.2. How do you configure Clusters, Hosts,
and Resource Pools in VI3?
A cluster is a group of servers working together closely as a single server, to provide high
availability, load balancing and high performance. A host is a single x86 computing
server with individual computing and memory resources. Resource pools are allocation of
the available resources in to pieces for the proper distribution. 3. What are resource
pools & whats the advantage of implementing them?
A VMware ESX Resource pool is a pool of CPU and memory resources. Inside the pool,
resources are allocated based on the CPU and memory shares that are defined. This pool
can have associated access control and permissions. Clear management of resources to
the virtual machines. 4. Explain why VMware ESX Server is preferred over Virtual
Server or Workstation for enterprise implementation?
For better resource management as it has a virtualization layer involved in its kernel,
which communicates with the hardware directly. 5. In what different scenarios or
methods can you manage a VI3 ?
Using the Virtual Infrastructure Client we can manage one esx server, using virtual
center we can manage more than 1 esx server.. and also we can use service console to
manage it.
http://searchvmware.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid179_gci1280576_mem1,00.html
6. Explain the difference between access through Virtual Infrastructure Client
(vi client), Web access, Service Console access(ssh) ?Using VI Client we can
access the ESX server as well as Virtual Center Server also, here we can use unix type of
authentication or windows type authentication. But to access the service console, we
should use unix type of authentication preferably even though we can access the service
console through ad authentication using esxcfg-auth, but it does not support all functions
to work on, all the functions are available only with root account which is based on red
hat Linux kernel. Using the web access also we can manage virtual center as well as a
single host. But all the enterprise features are not supported.
Console access to the Service Console
The disadvantages to this mode are
you must be at the console (or connect using an IP KVM) and
you must know Linux to accomplish your task (no GUI).
SSH to the Service Console
You can SSH to the console prompt of an ESX server and receive the same Linux text
console access as I showed above. Telnet is not allowed. To use this method, the ESX
server must be working on the network and you must have an SSH client on your PC to
connect. Again, in this mode, you don't get a GUI interface.

VMware Virtual Infrastructure (VI) Web Access to the ESX Server

This is the VMware VI Web Access interface. The benefit to using this is that you get a
GUI client for your ESX server without having to install a client on your local machine.
The downside to the web interface is that you can only perform basic ESX functions like
controlling existing machines (start/stop/pause) and console remote access. You cannot
add new VMs, work with VM storage, or VM networks. Still, this is a great interface if you
just need to check the status of your ESX VMs, restart a VM, or use console remote
control.
VMware Virtual Infrastructure Client (VI Client) to the Server
The benefits to the VI client are that you have full access to do whatever is needed on
the ESX Server and you get a GUI client to do it in. The only downside is that you must
install the VI client application to do this. However, the installation is negligible and the
VI client is the absolute best way to administer your ESX Server.
VMware Virtual Infrastructure Client (VI Client) to the Virtual Center Server
(VC Server)
From this VI VC interface, you can manage all ESX servers, VM storage, VM networks,
and more. Virtual Center, of course, is an optional product that requires additional
licenses and hardware.
7. Explain advantages or features of VMware Virtual Machine File System
(VMFS) ?
Its a clustered file system, excellent support for sharing between ESX servers in a
cluster.
Features
Allows access by multiple ESX Servers at the same time by implementing per-file
locking. SCSI Reservations are only implemented when LUN meta data is updated (e.g.
file name change, file size change, etc.)
Add or delete an ESX Server from a VMware VMFS volume without disrupting other ESX
Server hosts.
LVM allows for adaptive block sizing and addressing for growing files allows you to
increase a VMFS volume on the fly (by spanning multiple VMFS volumes)
With ESX/ESXi4 VMFS volumes also can be expanded using LUN expansion
Optimize your virtual machine I/O with adjustable volume, disk, file and block sizes.
Recover virtual machines faster and more reliably in the event of server failure with
Distributed journaling.
Limitations
Can be shared with up to 32 ESX Servers.
Can support LUNs with max size of 2TB and a max VMFS size of 64 TB as of version 4
(vSphere).
"There is a VMFS-3 limitation where each tree of linked clones can only be run on 8 ESX
servers. For instance, if there is a tree of disks off the same base disk with 40 leaf nodes
in the tree, all 40 leaf nodes can be simultaneously run but they can only run on up to 8
ESX hosts."
VMFS-3 limits files to 262,144 (2 ) blocks, which translates to 256 GB for 1 MB block
sizes (the default) up to 2 TB for 8 MB block sizes.
18

8. What are the types of data stores supported in ESX3.5 ?

iSCSI datastores, FC SAN datastores, Local VMFS, NAS and NFS9. How can you
configure these different types of datastores on ESX3.5 ?If we have FC cards
installed on the esx servers, by going to the storage option, we can scan for the luns.
10.What is Vmware Consolidate Backup (VCB) ? Explain your work exposure in
this area ?
VMware Consolidated Backup is a backup framework, which enables 3 party tools to
take backups. VCB is used to help you backup your VMware ESX virtual servers.
Essentially, VCB is a "backup proxy server". It is not backup software. If you use VCB,
you still need backup software. It is commonly installed on its own dedicated Windows
physical server.
rd

Here are the benefits of VMware's VCB:

Centralize backups of VMware ESX Virtual Servers

Provide file-level backups of VMware ESX Virtual Servers - both full and
incremental (file level backup available to only Windows guests)

Provide image-level backups

Prevent you from having to load a backup agent on every Virtual Machine

Prevent you from having to shutdown Virtual Machines to get a backup

Provides LAN-Free backup because the VCB server is connected to the SAN
through your fibre channel adaptor

Provides centralized storage of Virtual Server backups on the VCB server, that is
then moved to your backup tapes through the 3rd party backup agent you install

Reduces the load on the VMware ESX servers by not having to load a 3rd party
backup agent on either the VMware ESX service console or on each virtual
machine.

Utilizes VMware Snapshots

Basically, here is how VCB works:

If you are doing a file level backup, VCB does a snapshot of the VM, mounts the
snapshot, and allows you to backup that mounted "drive" through VCB to your
3rd party backup software

If you are doing an image level backup of the VM, VCB does a snapshot of the
VM, copies the snapshot to the VCB server, unsnaps the VM, and allows you to
backup the copied snapshot image with your 3rd party backup software.

11. How do you configure VMware Virtual Centre Management Server for HA &
DRS ? What are the conditions to be satisfied for this setup?
HA & DRS are the properties of a Cluster. A Cluster can be created only when more than
one host added, in that case we need to configure HA & DRS as well to provide High
Availability and Load balancing between hosts and for the virtual machines. 12.Explain
your work related to below terms :
VM Provisioning: Virtual Machine Creation.
Alarms & Event Management: Alarms are used to know the status of the resource usage
for a VM. Events are used monitor the tasks that are taken place on the esx servers or in
the virtual center
Task Scheduler: Task scheduler, if you want to schedule a task it will be used, for
example if you want move one vm from one host to another host or if you want
shutdown/reboot a vm etc.
Hardware Compatibility List: what are the hardware that compatible with ESX
OS.13.What SAN or NAS boxes have you configured VMware with ? How did you
do that ?

Storage team will provide the LUN information, with that we will add those LUNs to ESX
hosts from VM storage. 14.What kind of applications or setups you have on you
Virtual Machines ?
Exchange server and Share Point, but these are for DEMO purposes, Cirtrix presentation
servers etc.
15. Have you ever faced ESX server crashing and Virtual Centre Server crash?
How do you know the cause of these crashes in these cases ?

16. Will HA work if Virtual Center Server is down ?

A1) HA continues to work if VC is down - the agents are initially configured by virtual
center, but HA operations are controlled by local agents on ESX. VC does NOT monitor
the ESX servers for HA. ESX servers monitor each other.
DRS do not work while VC is down.
A2) For DRS, the config and logic is completely in VC.
For HA, only the config is in VC. The logic is in the service consoles, and that's where the
reaction is coming from. VC will notice the HA reaction afterwards when it connects to
the service consoles the next time.
No, Why because all these futures are comes with Virtual Center only.
17. What are the situations which triggers vMotion automatically?
Resource Contention between virtual machines (DRS)
Distributed power management

18. What is DRS/HA/DPM/dvSwitch/FT/vApps/vSafe/vShields ? :-)

DRS : Distributed Resource Scheduling
HA : High Availability
DPM : Distributed Power Management
dvSwitch : Distribute vSwitch Its a new feature introduced in vSphere4.0
FT : Fault Tolerance for Virtual Machines its a new feature introduced in vSphere4.0
vApps : vApp is a container same as resource pool, but it is having some features of
virtual machines, a vApp can be powered on or powered off, and it can be cloned too.
http://communities.vmware.com/message/1308457#1308457
vmSafe : VMsafe's application programming interfaces are designed to help third-party
vendors create virtualization security products that better secure VMware ESX, vShield
Zones is a security tool targets the VMware administrator.
vShield : VShield Zones is essentially a virtual firewall designed to protect VMs and
analyze virtual network traffic. This three-part series describes vShield Zones, explains
how to install it and provides useful management tips. To begin, let's get started with the
basics: what vShield Zones is and how it works.
http://searchvmware.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid179_gci1363051_mem1,00.html
19. What are the requirement for FT ?
http://communities.vmware.com/thread/209955
20. What are the differences between ESX and ESXi ?ESX is an OS with full
features of virtualization, ESXi is a limited features OS with 32MB image.
21. Which are the new features introduced in vSphere 4 ? *****
1. 64-bit hypervisor - Although not everyone realized it, the hypervisor in ESX Server
3.5 was 32-bit. As a result, ESX Server 3.5 couldn't take full advantage of today's more
powerful 64-bit hardware platforms. ESX Server 4.0 uses a native 64-bit hypervisor that
provides significant performance and scalability enhancements over the previous
versions. However, the new hypervisor does require a 64-bit hardware platform.

2. Increased VM scalability - ESX Server 4.0's new 64-bit architecture provides

significant increases in scalability. ESX Server 4.0 supports virtual machines (VMs) with
up to 255GB of RAM per VM. In addition, the vSphere 4.0 Enterprise Plus edition
provides support for up to 8-way virtual SMP per VM. The other editions support up to 4way virtual SMP. These gains are available on both Windows and Linux guests.
3. Hot add CPU, RAM, and virtual disks - This important enhancement in vSphere 4.0
is designed to create a dynamic IT infrastructure through the ability to add CPU, RAM,
and virtual disks to a running VM. The hot add capability lets you dynamically increase
your VMs' performance during periods of high resource demands.
4. Thin provisioning - This feature is nothing new to Microsoft virtualization users;
vSphere now offers a thin-provisioning feature that's essentially the equivalent of HyperV's dynamic disks. Thin provisioning lets you create and provision a Virtual Hard Disk
(VHD), but the host uses only the amount of storage that's actually required by the VM
rather than using the VHD's allocated size.
5. VMware Fault Tolerance - Fault Tolerance is a new high-availability feature in
vSphere 4.0. Fault Tolerance works only between two systems. It uses a technology
called vLockstep to provide protection from system failure with absolutely no downtime.
VMware's vLockstep technology keeps the RAM and the virtual processors of two VMs in
sync at the instruction level.
6. vNetwork Distributed SwitchvSphere 4.0's vNetwork Distributed Switch lets you
create and share network configurations between multiple servers. The vNetwork
Distributed Switch spans multiple ESX Server hosts, letting you configure and manage
virtual networks at the cluster level. It also lets you move network configuration and
state with a VM when the VM is live migrated between ESX Server hosts.
7. IPv6 support - Another enhancement in vSphere 4.0 is support for IPv6. Many
organizations are planning to move to IPv6. vSphere's IPv6 support lets customers
manage vCenter Server and ESX Server hosts in mixed IPv4/IPv6 network
environments.
8. vAppsvApps essentially lets you manage as a single entity multiple servers that
comprise an n-tiered application. Using vApps, you can combine multiple VMs, their
interdependencies, and their resource allocations together as a unit. You can manage all
the components of the vApps as a single unit, letting you power off, clone, and deploy all
the vApps components in the same operations.
9. vSphere Host Update UtilityThe new vSphere Host Update Utility lets you
centrally update your ESXi and ESX Server 3.0 and later hosts to ESX Server 4.0. The UI
displays the status of the remote updates in real time.
10. VMware vShield ZonesVMware's new vShield Zones let customers enforce
network access protection between VMs running in the virtual data center. The vShield
Zones feature lets you isolate, bridge, and firewall traffic across vCenter deployments.
22. Which are the traffic shaping options available to configure?23. What is
promiscuous mode ?
If the promiscuous mode is enabled for a switch, the traffic sent that switch will be
visible to all vms connected to that switch. I mean, the data will be broadcasted. 24.
What makes iSCSI and FC diffrent ?Addressing Scheme, iSCSI relies on IP and FC
not, and the type of transfer of data also. In FC the data transferred as blocks, in iSCSI
the data transferred as files. The cabling also, FC uses Fibre cable and iSCSI uses RJ45.
25. What is the format for iSCSI addressing ?IP Address
26. VM's Task Manager shows performance normal, But vCenter reports high
resource utilization, what is the reason ?Search KEY WORDS : VM's performance
normal, vCenter reports high resource utilization
http://communities.vmware.com/message/897975
27. What are the different types of memory management tricks available under
ESX ?
http://en.wordpress.com/tag/esx-memory-management/
http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~fabianb/classes/cs-443-s05/ESX.pps28. What is
vmmemctl ?

http://pubs.vmware.com/vi3/resmgmt/wwhelp/wwhimpl/common/html/wwhelp.htm?
context=resmgmt&file=vc_advanced_mgmt.11.24.html 29. How we can list pNICs &
status using command line ?ifconfig a
30. What is resource pool ? What are the use of it ?
A resource pool is a logical abstraction for flexible management of resources. Resource
pools can be grouped into hierarchies and used to hierarchically partition available CPU
and memory resources.
31. Ask about how HA works.
VMware HA provides high availability for virtual machines by pooling them and the hosts
they reside on into a cluster. Hosts in the cluster are monitored and in the event of a
failure, the virtual machines on a failed host are restarted on alternate hosts.
32. Is HA dependent on virtual center
(Only for Install)
33. What is the Maximum Host Failure allowed in a cluster
(4)
34. How does HA know to restart a VM from a dropped Host
(storage lock will be removed from the metadata)
35.How many iSCSI targets will ESX support
8 for 3.01, (64 for 3.5)
36 How Many Fiber Channel targets
(256) (128 on Install)
37 What is Vmotion
(ability to move running vm from one host to another)
38 What is virtual SMP
when and why should you give a vm multiple vCPUs - part of their answer whould be
that best pracrtice is to start with a single vCPU because of you can run into perfomance
issues do to CPU scheduling 39 Ask what version of Linux kernel does ESX run
if they are truly experienced they should say ESX is not Linux and does not use a Linux
kernel - and give them an extra poijnt if they explain that the service console runs a
modified version of Red Hat Ent 3 40 does HA use vmotion?
the answer is no - vm stops and restarts on ESX other host
41. what is the different when you use viclient connect to VC and directly to
ESX server itself.
When you connect to VC you manage ESX server via vpxa (Agent on esx server). Vpxa
then pass those request to hostd (management service on esx server). When you
connect to ESX server directly, you connect to hostd (bypass vpxa). You can extend this
to a trobleshoot case, where connect to esx see one thing and connect to VC see
another. So the problem is most likely out of sync between hostd and vpxa, "service
vmware-vpxa restart" should take care of it.
42. What was the most difficult VMWare related problem/issue you faced in a
production environment and what were the specific steps you took to resolve
it?
HA issues because of dns problems, the hosts are unable to communicate together.
Corrected by adding all servers ips in each servers /etc/hosts file
VM was not powered up because the swap file was locked by another host, when I try
to power on the vm its not powering up. After releasing the lock its powered on.
43. When was the last time you called VM Support and what was the issue?
Licensing related issues.
44. What was the most performance intensive production app that you
supported in VMware and what were the some of the challenges that it posed?
In exchange sharepoint demo project, getting lot of VLAN issues. (its my experience, you
can say yours)

45. How would you determine that a perf intensive app is a good candidate?
Spefically what tools would you use to identify candidates. Specifically inside
those tools what metrics would you use?
46. What is yor philosophy on how much of the data center can be virtualized?
(If the interviewer wants max virtualization, but the interviewee is not
convinced that this is a good idea, this could be a deal breaker)
47. What is your opinion on the virtualization vendors (MS vs VM vs Citrix vs
etc) and why? (Just trying to figure out if the candidate is keeping up with this
ever changing virtualization market)

48. I beleive another good question would be to ask the candidate to briefly
describe VST, VGT & EST mode and 802.1Q trunking. I say this because
networking is such an important part of VMware implementations and on going
support.., do you really want a VMware engineer working in your environment
if they lack the knowledge of these concepts (+unless of course they are only
delegated with low level permissions for generic VM operations+)
More information on these mode's can be found here:
www.vmware.com/pdf/esx3_vlan_wp.pdf
Also ask the candidate to explain why one mode would be used as opposed to another?,
remember that there can be numerous reasons for the use of different modes depending
on your company/client's network, security policies etc..49. If you are interviewing
for a consultant role it would also be a good scenario to provide a brief
overview of a fictional network and ask the candidate to do a whiteboard draft
of how the network would be layed out if say the ESX servers have 6 NIC's or 8
NIC's etc.. etc...
50. What are notable files that represent a VM?
.vmx configuration settings for VM
.vmxf configuration settings used to support an XML-based VM configuration API
.vmtx configuration settings for a Template VM (replaces the .vmx file)
.vmdk virtual disk file. (Note: if a thick disk is used, a flat.vmdk file that represents
the actual monolithic disk file will exist but will be hidden from the vSphere Client.)
.nvram non-volatile memory (BIOS)
.vswp swap file used by ESX/ESXi per VM to overcommit memory, i.e. use more
memory than physically available. This is created by the host automatically when
powering on a VM and deleted (default behavior) when powering off a VM. Swap files can
remain and take up space if a host failed prior to shutting down a VM properly. Normally
the swap file is stored in the location where the VM configuration files are kept; however
the location can be optionally located elsewherefor example, locally for performance
reasons and if using NAS/NFS, local swap should be used.
.vmss
.vmsd

suspend
for
snapshot
file
management
placed into suspend power mode)
.vmsn
51.
Host
snapshot
Profiles
file(if
What licensing is required for Host Profiles? Available with vSphere Enterprise Plus
edition.
52 Can Host Profiles work with ESX/ESXi 3.x hosts?

No. Only starting with ESX/ESXi 4.0.

53 Can Host Profiles be used with a cluster running both ESX and ESXi hosts?

Yes, but remember to use an ESX host and not an ESXi host to create a profile for
use.

In theory, Host Profiles should work with mixed host clusters, as it translates ESX
to ESXi, but be careful as there are enough differences between ESX and ESXi
that can lead you to make self-inflicted errors when applying Host Profiles. The
easiest method is to create clusters that are homogeneous and maintain two
different profiles for these two types of clusters.

54 Can Host Profiles work when using the Cisco Nexus 1000v?

No, because Host Profiles was designed with the generic vNetwork Distributed
Switch. The Cisco Nexus 1000v switch gives administrators finer-grained control
of the networking beyond what Host Profiles can apply.

55. What are host profiles?

A set of best practiced configuration rules, which are can be applied to entire cluster or
to an individual host. So that all the hosts in sync with each other, this will avoid
vmotion, drs and ha problems.
56. Could not power on VM: no swap file
My ESXi 3.5 machine runs 8-10 VMs (Win2k3 and WinXP) normally. At the moment, 5 of
them are complaining that they cannot Power On. They seem to start and then complain
"Could not power on VM: no swap file". I had a look with the data browser. It's a small
installation, so the vswp files ought to be in the same directory as the vmx file (I did not
inttionally put them anywhere else). Of course I don't see a vswp file there because the
machine is not running. I don't know enough about the vmx file structure to identify if
anything is wrong in the specifications. I have downloaded one of the vmx files and
attached it here. Please either tell me what to change in that vmx file, or suggest
another approach to get the machines to start.
57. What are the available Storage options for virtual machines ? Raw device
mappings, VMFS
http://searchvmware.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid179_gci1318776_mem1,00.html
58 .What are the differences between Virtual and Physical compatibility modes
when mapping the Raw Devices to virtual machines?
You can configure RDM in two ways:
Virtual compatibility modethis mode fully virtualizes the mapped device, which
appears to the guest operating system as a virtual disk file on a VMFS volume. Virtual
mode provides such benefits of VMFS as advanced file locking for data protection and
use of snapshots.
Physical compatibility modethis mode provides access to most hardware
characteristics of the mapped device. VMkernel passes all SCSI commands to the device,
with one exception, thereby exposing all the physical characteristics of the underlying
hardware. In this mode, the mapping is done as follows, when we create a mapping, the
configuration stored in a file and that file is stored with the vm files in datastore. This file
points to the raw device and makes it accessible to the vm.
59 .What are RDM Limitations?
RDM limitations
There are two types of RDMs: virtual compatibility mode RDMs and physical compatibility
mode RDMs. Physical mode RDMs, in particular, have some fairly significant limitations:

No VMware snapshots

No VCB support, because VCB requires VMware snapshots

No cloning VMs that use physical mode RDMs

No converting VMs that use physical mode RDMs into templates

No migrating VMs with physical mode RDMs if the migration involves copying the
disk

No VMotion with physical mode RDMs

Virtual mode RDMs address some of these issues, allowing raw LUNs to be treated very
much like virtual disks and enabling functionality like VMotion, snapshotting, and cloning.
Virtual mode RDMs are acceptable in most cases where RDMs are required. For example,
virtual mode RDMs can be used in virtual-to-virtual cluster across physical hosts. Note
that physical-to-virtual clusters across boxes, though, require physical mode RDMs.
While virtual disks will work for the large majority of applications and workloads in a VI
environment, the use of RDMs--either virtual mode RDMs or physical mode RDMs--can
help eliminate potential compatibility issues or allow applications to run virtualized
without any loss of functionality.