L15 - Deflection-Conjugate Beam Method

Unit III Deflection in Beams
4. Conjugate beam method:

If the flexural rigidity is not uniform throughout the length
of the beam, the methods discussed earlier are very
laborious.
The conjugate beam method presents a very easy

approach and its application is very interesting.
Conjugate beam: An imaginary beam for which the load
diagram is the diagram is called the conjugate beam.
Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Dept. of Civil Engg., SVCE

Observations:
(i). The slope at any section of the given beam is equal to
the shear force at the corresponding section of the
conjugate beam.
(ii) The deflection at any section for the given beam is equal
to the bending moment at the corresponding section of the
conjugate beam.


Relation between the given beam and cojugate beam:
Given Beam
1. Slope at any section
2. Deflection at any section
3. Given system of loading
Conjugate beam
1. S.F. at the corresponding section.
2. B.M. at the corresponding section.
3. The loading diagram becomes
4. Roller support
Slope exists & deflection=0
4. Hinged support
S.F. exists & B.M.=0
5. Hinged support
Slope exists & Deflection=0
5. Hinged support
S.F. exists & B.M.=0


Relation between the given beam and cojugate beam:
Given Beam
Conjugate beam
6. Free end
6. Fixed end
Slope exists & deflection exists
Slope =0 & deflection =0
7. Fixed end
Slope=0, Deflection=0
7. Free end
S.F.=0, B.M.=0
8. (a). B.M. Diagram

(+ve), Sagging
8. (a).
8. (b). B.M. Diagram

(-ve), hogging
8. (b).
Diagram
(+ve) i.e. loading downwards
Diagram
(-ve) i.e. loading upwards


Problem:
Find the slope and deflection at the free end of a cantilever beam of
constant EI and length L carrying a concentrated load W at the free
end by conjugate beam method.


Solution:
The deflection at the free end of a real beam YB = Bending moment at
the corresponding section of Conjugate beam, MB.
W
A
1
2
B
B = S.F.B =
=
L m
2
2
EI is constant
1
2
3
YB = MB =
=
3
WL/EI
Conjugate beam

Problem:
Find the slope at supports and deflection at the centre of a simply
supported beam of constant EI and length L carrying central
concentrated load W.


Solution:
= = S.F. At
YC = MC =
+

2
2
4
2
16
YC =
1
2
1
3 2
2
16
W
C
L m
Real beam
WL/4EI
2
16
Conjugate beam


Problem:
Draw conjugate beam for a cantilever carrying uniformly distributed
load throughout its length L and find slope and deflection at the free
end.


Solution:
w kN/m
A
1
3
B = S.F.B =
B = MB =
1
3
2
2
2
2
3
6
L m
Real Beam
B
B
wL2/2EI
Conjugate Beam

10

Problem:
A beam of span L is simply supported and carries a u.d.l. w per unit
length over the entire span. What is the slope at support and
deflection at mid span?

11

Solution:
= = S.F. At
=
=
3
2
3
24
2
8
w kN/m
C
B
A
L/2 m L m
wL/2
wL2/8EI wL/2
3
24
YC = =
=
3 2
8 8 2
3
24
5
8 2
Conjugate beam
54
384
12

Problem 1:
A 6m cantilever beam of rectangular cross section is of constant
breadth 200 mm throughout its length and constant depth 500 mm
for 3m length from its fixed end. The depth for the other 3m length is
200 mm. Calculate the deflection at the free end due to point load of
10 kN at the free end. E=2 105 Mpa.

13
200 mm
250 mm
For 0 to 3 m from the fixed end,

0.2 0.53
1 =
= 2.08 103 4
12
For 3m to 6m from the fixed end,
0.2 0.253
2 =
= 0.26 103 4
12
500 mm
Solution:
E=2 105 Mpa=2 105 106 N/2 =2 108 kN/2
200 mm
1 =2 108 2.08 103 = 4.16 105 2

2 =2 108 0.26 103 = 0.52 105 2
14

Solution:
By using conjugate beam method, =
1
2
5
3 57.69 10 3
2
3
3
5
+ 3 7.21 10
3+
2
=
1
3 14.42 7.21 105
2
+
2
3 + (3)
3
= 324.48 105 = 3.25
E1
3m
E2
10 kN
B
3m
30 kNm
60 kNm
M-diagram
14.42 105
= 3.25
7.21 105
57.69 105
Conjugate beam
15

Problem 2:
A simply supported beam of span 9 m carries a central concentrated
load of 300 kN. The moment of inertia of the beam cross section is
2 105 4 for the central 3 m length and half this value for the
remaining portion of the span. Find the deflection of the beam at the
centre. E=210 kN/2 .

16

Solution:
E = 4.2 105 kN2
Calculation of reaction, :
Taking moments about
1
900 2
9 = 3
3
2
3
1
2
1
2
450
3
3
3+
+
2
675
450
3
3
3+
2
900
2
1
3
6 + (3)
3
3
2193.75
=
300 kN
C
A
2
3m
3m
3m
675
450
450
M-diagram
900
450
900
675
450
Conjugate beam
17

300 kN
C
Solution: By using conjugate beam method:

Deflection at C=B.M. at C of conjugate
beam
1
900
3
2193.75
2
=
4.5
1.5 + 3
3
450 1.5
1.5
2
675
450
1.5
3m
3m
2
3m
675
450
450
M-diagram
900
1.5
5906.25
5906.25
=
=
= 0.01406
5
4.2 10
=14.06 mm

450
900
675
450
Conjugate beam
18

L15 - Deflection-Conjugate Beam Method

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Unit III Deflection in Beams

4. Conjugate beam method:

The conjugate beam method presents a very easy

diagram is the diagram is called the conjugate beam.

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

8. (a). B.M. Diagram

8. (b). B.M. Diagram

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

For 0 to 3 m from the fixed end,

1 =2 108 2.08 103 = 4.16 105 2

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Solution: By using conjugate beam method:

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

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