Slope Deflection Method

By
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Shear force at a section: The algebraic sum of the vertical forces acting
on the beam either to the left or right of the section is known as the
shear force at a section.
F

Sign Convention for shear force

F

- ve shear force
F

+ ve shear force

Bending moment (BM) at section: The algebraic sum of the moments

of all forces acting on the beam either to the left or right of the
section is known as the bending moment at a section

Bending Moment (BM): The moment which causes the

bending effect on the beam is called Bending Moment. It is
generally denoted by M or BM.
Hogging
bending moment
Dr. Kota Srinivasu
Sagging bending moment [Positive bending moment] [Negative bending moment ]

Table: Variation of Shear force and bending moments

Type of load Between point

Uniformly
Uniformly
loads OR for no distributed load varying load
load region
SFD/BMD
Shear Force
Horizontal line
Inclined line Two-degree curve
Diagram
(Parabola)
Bending
Moment
Diagram

Inclined line

Two-degree curve
(Parabola)

Three-degree
curve (Cubicparabola)

Point of Contra flexure [Inflection point]:

It is the point on the bending moment diagram where
bending moment changes the sign from positive to negative
or vice versa.
It is also called Inflection point. At the point of
inflection point or contra flexure the bending moment
changes its sign and magnitude is zero.
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

W
A

w/unit

WL2
B =
2 EI

WL3
yB =
3EI

wL
B =
6 EI

wL
yB =
8 EI

ML
B =
EI

ML2
yB =
2 EI
8
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

w/unit length

wL
B =
24 EI

C
a

B
L-a

wL
yB =
30 EI

wL3 wL3
wL3
B =

=
6 EI 24 EI 8EI
wL4 wL4 11wL4
yB =

=
8 EI 30 EI 120 EI

w/unit length

C = B

yB = yB + C ( L a )
9
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

w
A

B
a

C L-a

w/unit
B

M
B
C

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Wa 2
C = B =
2 EI
yB = yC + C ( L a )

Wa 3
yC =
3EI

Wa 3 Wa 2
Wa 2
a
=
+
( L a) =
(L )
3EI 2 EI
2 EI
3
wa 3
wa 4
C = B =
yC =
6 EI
8 EI
wa 4 wa 3
wa 3
a
yB =
+
( L a) =
(L )
8EI 6 EI
6 EI
4
Ma
Ma 2
C = B =
yC =
EI
2 EI
Ma 2 Wa 2
Ma
a
yB =
+
( L a) =
(L )
10
2 EI 2 EI
EI
2

wa 3
B = C =
24 EI
a

L-a

wa 4
yC =
30 EI
wa 4
wa 3
y B = yC + C ( L a ) =
+
( L a)
30 EI 24 EI
wa 3
a
=
(L )
24 EI
5

WL2
A = B =
16 EI

WL3
yC =
48 EI

Wab ( L + b )
A =
6 L EI

Wab ( L + a )
B =
6 L EI

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Wab (b a )
C =
3 L EI

L/2

L/2

Wa 2b 2
yC =
3 L EI

11

w/unit length

w/unit length

MA

MB

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

wL3
A =
24 EI
3
wL
B =
24 EI
7 wL3
A =
360 EI
ML
A =
3EI
M AL M B L
A =
+
3EI
6 EI
M AL M B L
B =
+
6 EI
3EI

yc = ymax

5wL3
=
384 EI

8wL3
B =
360 EI
ML
B =
6 EI
MA
MB

M AL M B L
A =

3EI
6 EI
M AL M B L

B =
6 EI
3EI

FIXED END MOMENTS

B
Sagging BM

STRUCTURE

MA
W
L/2

L/2

w/unit

W
a

MB

WL
WL

8
8
2

wL

12

wL

12

Wab 2 Wa 2b
2 2
L
L

Clockwise moment
MFAB
MFBA

WL

8
2

wL

12

WL
8
2

wL
12

Wab 2 Wa 2b
2
L
L2
13
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Sagging BM
STRUCTURE

w/unit length

w/unit length

MA

MB

wL2

30

wL2

20
2

5wL
5wL2

96
96
M
L/2

L/2
M

M
4

Mb(2a b)
L2

Ma(2b a )

L2

Clockwise moment
MFAB

MFBA

wL2

30

wL2
20

5wL2

96
M
4

5wL2
96
M
4

Mb(2a b)
L2

Ma(2b a )
L2

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Sagging BM
STRUCTURE

MA

12 E I A
L3

12 E I A
L3

12 EI B
L3

6 EI A

L2

12 EI B

L3

A=1

6 EI A
L2

MB

6EIA 6EIA
2
2
L
L
6EIB 6EIB
2
2
L
L
4EIA
2EIA

L
L

Clockwise moment
MFAB

MFBA

6EIA 6EIA
2
2
L
L
6EIB
6EIB
2 2
L
L
4EIA
L
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

2EIA
L
15

Sagging BM
STRUCTURE

B=1

6 EI B

L2

MA

MB

2 EI B
L

4 EI B

Clockwise moment
MFAB

MFBA

2 EI B 4 EI B
L
L

6 EI B
L2

6EI(A B) 6EI(A B)

2
L
L2

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

6EI(A B) 6EI(A B)
L2
L2

16

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Method

Fixed End Moments:

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

wL12
30 42
MFAB =
=
= 40kN m
12
12
30 42
MFBA =
= 40kN m
12
Wab2
100 2 32
MFBC = 2 =
= 72kN m
2
L1
5
Wa2b 100 22 3
MFCB = 2 =
= 48kN m
2
L2
5

Slope-Deflection Equations:
M AB = M FAB

2 EI 1
2E I
(2 A + B ) = 40 +
( B )
+
L1
4

= 40 + 0 .5 EI B
M BA = M FBA

2 EI 1
2E I
( A + 2 B ) = 40 +
(2 B )
+
L1
4

= 40 + EI B
M BC = M FAB

2 EI 2
2 E 1 .25 I
(2 B + C ) = 72 +
(2 B )
+
L2
5

= 72 + EI ( B )
M CB = M FBA

2 EI 2
2 E 1 .25 I
( B )
( B + 2 C ) = 48 +
+
L2
5

= 48 + EI ( 0 .5 B )

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Equilibrium Equations:
M

BA

+ M

BC

= 0 40 + EI B 72 + EI B = 0

EI (2 B ) = 32 2 B =

32
EI

B =

16
EI

Final Moments:
16

M AB = 40 + EI ( A + 0.5 B ) = 40 + EI 0 + 0.5 = 32.0 kN m

EI

16
M BA = 40 + EI
= 56.0 kN m
EI
16
M BC = 72 + EI = 56.0 kN m
EI
16

M CB = 48 + EI 0.5 X
= 56 kN m
EI

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Method
100 kN

30 kN/m

I
4m

1.25 I

B
2m

20 kN/m

3m 1.5m

Fixed End Moments:

wL12
30 42
30 42
M FAB =
=
= 40 kN m; M FBA =
= 40kN m
12
12
12
Wab2
100 2 32
Wa2b 100 22 3
M FBC = 2 =
= 72 kN m; M FCB = 2 =
= 48kN m
2
2
L2
5
L2
5
M CD = 201.5 0.75 = 22.5 kN m
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Equations:
M AB = M FAB

2 EI1
2E I
(2 A + B ) = 40 +
(2 A + B )
+
L1
4

= 40 + 0.5EI B
M BA

2 EI1
2E I
( A + 2 B ) = 40 +
( A + 2 B )
= M FBA +
L1
4

= 40 + EI B
M BC = M FAB

2 EI 2
2 E 1.25I
(2 B + C ) = 72 +
(2 B + C )
+
L2
5

= 72 + EI ( B + 0.5 C )
M CB

2 EI 2
2 E 1.25I
( B + 2 C ) = 48 +
( B + 2 C )
= M FBA +
L2
5

= 48 + EI (0.5 B + C )

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Equilibrium Equations:
M

BA

+ M

BC

= 0 40 + EI B 72 + EI B + 0 . 5 EI C = 0

32
EI (2 B + 0 . 5 C ) = 32 2 B + 0 . 5 C =
(1 )
EI
M CB + M CD = 0 48 + EI (0 . 5 B + C ) 22 . 5 = 0
25 . 5
0 . 5 B + C =
EI
64
2 (1 ) 4 B + C =
EI
0 . 5 B + C

(2)
B

(2)

25 . 5
89 . 5
=
3 . 5 B =
EI
EI

25 . 57
=
EI

From

eq ( 2 ) C =

25 . 5
25 . 57
38 . 285
0 .5
=
EI
EI
EI

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Final Moments :
25.57

M AB = 40 + EI ( A + 0.5 B ) = 40 + EI 0 + 0.5

EI

= 27.22 kN m
25.57
M BA = 40 + EI
= 65.57 kN m
EI
38.285
25.57
M BC = 72 + EI
0.5 X
= 65.57 kN m
EI
EI
25.57 38.285

M CB = 48 + EI 0.5 X

= 22.5 kN m
EI
EI

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Method
Fixed End Moments:

30 kN

100 kN

30 kN/m

1m

I
4m

1.25 I

B
2m

20 kN/m

3m 1.5m

wL12
30 42
30 42
MFAB =
=
= 40kN m; MFBA =
= 40kN m
12
12
12
Wab2
100 232
Wa2b 100 22 3
MFBC = 2 =
= 72kN m; MFCB = 2 =
= 48kN m
2
2
L2
5
L2
5
MCD= 301 = 30kN m

MCE = 201.50.75 = 22.5kN m

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Equations:
M AB = M FAB

2 EI 1
2E I
(2 A + B ) = 40 +
(2 A + B )
+
L1
4

= 40 + EI ( A + 0.5 B )
M BA = M FBA

2 EI 1
2E I
( A + 2 B ) = 40 +
( A + 2 B )
+
L1
4

= 40 + EI (0.5 A + B )
M BC = M FAB

2 EI 2
2 E 1.25 I
(2 B + C ) = 72 +
(2 B + C )
+
L2
5

= 72 + EI ( B + 0.5 C )
M CB = M FBA

2 EI 2
2 E 1.25 I
( B + 2 C ) = 48 +
( B + 2 C )
+
L2
5

= 48 + EI (0.5 B + C )

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Equilibrium Equations:
M AB + M AD = 0 40 + EI ( A + 0.5 B ) + 30 = 0
10
A + 0.5 B =
(1)
EI
M BA + M BC = 0 40 + EI (0.5 A + B ) 72 + EI B + 0.5 EI C = 0
32
EI (0.5 A + 2 B + 0.5 C ) = 32 0.5 A + 2 B + 0.5 C =
EI
M CB + M CE = 0 48 + EI (0.5 B + C ) 22.5 = 0
25.5
EI
Solving equaions (1), (2) and (3)

0.5 B + C =

A =

(3)

3.25
26.50
38.75
; B =
; C =
EI
EI
EI
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

(2)

Final Moments :
26.50
3.25
+ 0.5
M AB = 40 + EI ( A + 0.5 B ) = 40 + EI

EI
EI
= 30.0 kN m
3.25 26.50

M BA = 40 + EI 0.5 X
+
= 64.875 kN m
EI
EI

38.75
26.50
M BC = 72 + EI
0.5 X
= 64.875 kN m
EI
EI
M CB

26.50 38.75

= 48 + EI 0.5 X

= 22.5 kN m
EI
EI

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

40 kN/m

30 kN/m
A

I
4m

1.5 I
6m

A = 2 mm ; B = 3 mm ; C = 2 mm
E = 2 10 5 N / mm 2 ; I = 35 ,000 cm 4
kN
E = 2 10
1000
5

m
8
2
/
=
2

10
kN
/
m

1000
4

m
4
4
I = 35 ,000
=
3
.
5

10
m

100
4
2
EI = 7 10 kN m
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Method
Fixed End Moments:
2 3
6710

2
2
w1L1 6EI1( A B )
30 4
1000 = 66.25kN m;
MFAB =
+
=

+
12
12
42
L12
4

4 2 3
6

10

2
2
w L 6EI ( ) 30 4
1000 =13.75kN m;
MFBA = 1 1 + 1 A2 B =
+
12
L1
12
42

3 2
61.5710

2
2
w2L2 6EI2 (B C )
406
1000

MFBC =
+
=
+
= 30.50kN m;
2
2
30
L2
30
6
4

4 3 2
6

1
.
5

10

w2L22 6EI2 (B C ) 4062

1000 = 89.50kN m;
MFBC =
+
=
+
20
L22
20
62

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Equations:
M AB

2EI1
2E I
(2 A + B ) = 66.25 +
( B )
= M FAB +
L1
4

= 66.25 + 0.5EI B
2EI1
2E I
( A + 2 B ) = 13.75 +
(2 B ) = 13.75 + EI B
M BA = M FBA +
L1
4
M BC

2EI2
2E 1.5I
(2 B + C ) = 30.5 +
(2 B )
= M FAB +
L2
6

= 30.5 + EI B
M CB

2EI2
2E 1.5I
( B )
( B + 2C ) = 89.5 +
= M FBA +
L2
6

= 89.5 + 0.5EI B
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Equilibrium Equations:
M BA + M BC = 0 13.75 + EI B 30.5 + EI B = 0
16.75
2 EI B = 16.75 2 B =
EI
8.375
B =
EI

Final Moments :

8.375
M AB = 66.25 + 0.5EI B = 66.25 + 0.5EI
= 62.06 kN m
EI
8.375
M BA = 13.75 + EI
= 22.125kN m
EI
8.375
M BC = 30.5 + EI
= 22.125kN m
EI
8.375

M CB = 89.5 + EI 0.5
= 93.69 kN m
Dr. Kota Srinivasu
EI

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

 A = 2 mm ; B = 3 mm ; C = 2 mm
E = 2 10 5 N / mm 2 ; I = 35 ,000 cm 4
kN
E = 2 10
1000
5

m
8
2
/
=
2

10
kN
/
m

1000
4

m
4
4
I = 35 ,000
=
3
.
5

10
m

100
4
2
EI = 7 10 kN m
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Fixed End Moments:

2 3
6710

2
2
w1L1 6EI1(A B ) 304
1000

MFAB =
+
=
+
= 66.25kN m;
2
2
12
12
4
L1
4

2 3
6710

2
2
w1L1 6EI1(A B ) 304
1000
MFBA =
+
=
+
=13.75kN m;
2
2
12
12
L1
4
4

3 2
61.5710

2
2
w2L2 6EI2 (B C ) 406
1000
MFBC =
+
=
+
= 30.50kN m;
2
2
30
30
L2
6
4

3 2
61.5710

2
2
w2L2 6EI2 (B C ) 406
1000

MFBC =
= 89.50kN m;
+
=
+
2
2
20
20
L2
6
4

MFCB = MCB = 201.5 = 30kN m;

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Equations:
M AB

2EI1
2E I
(2 A + B ) = 66.25 +
( B )
= M FAB +
L1
4

= 66.25 + 0.5EI B
2EI1
2E I
( A + 2 B ) = 13.75 +
(2 B ) = 13.75 + EI B
M BA = M FBA +
L1
4
M BC

2EI2
2E 1.5I
(2 B + C ) = 30.5 +
(2 B + C )
= M FAB +
6
L2

= 30.5 + EI ( B + 0.5C )
M CB

2EI2
2E 1.5I
( B + 2C ) = 89.5 +
( B + 2C )
= M FBA +
L2
6

= 89.5 + EI (0.5 B + C )
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Equilibrium Equations:
M BA + M BC = 0 13.75 + EI ( B ) 30.5 + EI B + 0.5 EI C = 0
16.75
EI (2 B + 0.5 C ) = 16.75 2 B + 0.5 C =
(1)
EI
M CB + M CE = 0 89.5 + EI (0.5 B + C ) 30 = 0
59.5
0.5 B + C =
( 2)
EI
33.5
2 (1) 4 B + C =
EI
59.5
0.5 B + C =
EI
93
26.57
59.50
26.57
72.785
; C =
B =
=
0.5
=
3.5 EI
EI
EI
EI
EI
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Final Moments :
26.57
M AB = 66.25 + 0.5 EI B = 40 + 0.5 EI
= 52.965 kN m
EI
26.57
M BA = 13.75 + EI
= 40.52 kN m
EI
72.785
26.57
M BC = 30.5 + EI
0.5
= 40.52 kN m
EI
EI
26.57 72.785

M CB = 89.5 + EI 0.5

= 30 kN m
EI
EI

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Fixed End Moments:

10 kN
B
E 1m
2m
20 kN 4m
2m 2I
A

30 kN/m

C
4m
2I

3m
1.25 I
D

WL1
20 4
MFAB =
=
= 10kN m;
8
8
WL1 20 4
MFBA =
=
=10kN m;
8
8
wL22
30 42
MFBC =
=
= 40kN m;
12
12
wL22 30 42
MFBC =
=
= 40kN m
12
12
MFCD = MFDC = 0
MBE =101 =10kN m
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope-Deflection Equations:

3
2E 2I
3
2 A + B
= 10 +
M AB = M FAB
B

4
4
L1

= 10 + EI ( B 0 .75 )
2 EI 1
+
L1

M BA = M FBA
M BC = M FBC

A + 2 B
= 10 + EI (2 B 0 .75 )
4

2 EI 2
2E 2I
(2 B + C ) = 40 +
(2 B + C )
+
L2
6

2 EI 1
+
L1

= 40 + EI ( 2 B + C )
M CB = M FCB

2 EI 2
( B + 2 C ) = 40 + EI ( B + 2 C )
+
L2

M CD = M CD

2 EI 3
+
L3

M DC = M FDC

3 2 E 1 .25 I
3
2 C + D
=
2 C

3
3
L3

2 EI 3
3 2 E 1 .25 I
3

=
C + 2 D
+
C

3
3
L3
L3

M BA + M BC + M BE = 0
10 + EI (2 B 0.75 ) + 40 + EI (2 B + C ) + 10 = 0
20
4 B + C 0.75 =
EI
M CB + M CD

(1)

2.5 EI
3
= 0 40 + EI ( B + 2 C ) +
2 C

3
3
40

B + 3.6667 C 0.83333 =

EI

(2)

Sway equation
M AB + M BA + Moment at B due to loads onAB
+X =0

L AB
10 + EI ( B 0 .75 ) + 10 + EI (2 B 0 .75 ) 20 2
+
4
2 E 1 .25 I
3 2 E 1 .25 I
3
2 C
+
C

3
3
3
3

+ 20 = 0
3
10
0 .75 B + 0 .833333 C 0 .9306 =
(3)
EI

9.39
11.68
; C =
B =
EI
EI

7.849
; =
EI

Final Moments
M

AB

= 10 + EI (9 .39 0 .75 7 .86 ) = 6 .51 kN m

M BA = 10 + (2 9 .39 0 .75 7 .86 ) = 22 .89 kN m

M BC = 40 + EI ( 2 9 .39 11 .68 ) = 32 .89 kN m
M CB = 40 + EI (9 .39 2 11 .68 ) = 26 .03 kN m
2 .5
( 2 11 .68 7 .849 ) = 26 .03 kN m
3
2 .5
( 11 .68 7 .849 ) = 16 .28 kN m
=
3

M CD =
M DC

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Slope Deflecion Mehod Slope-Deflection Equations:

2 EI 1
2E 2I
(2 A + B ) = 20 +
(2 A + B )
M AB = M FAB +
L1
8
= 20 + EI ( A + 0 . 5 B )
M BA = M FBA

2 EI 1
2E 2I
( A + 2 B ) = 20 +
( A + 2 B )
+
L1
8

= 20 + EI ( 0 . 5 A + B )
M BC = M FAB

2 EI 2
2 E 3I
(2 B + C ) = 20 +
(2 B + C )
+
L2
8

= 16 + EI (1 . 5 B )
M CB = M FBA

2 EI 1
2E 2I
( B + 2 C ) = 20 +
( B + 2 C )
+
L1
8

= 16 + EI ( 0 . 75 B )

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Equilibrium Equations:
M AB = 0
20 + EI ( A + 0.5 B ) = 0
20
A + 0.5 B =
(1)
EI
M BA + M BC = 0 20 + EI (0.5 A + B ) 16 + EI (1.5 B )
EI (0.5 A + 2.5 B ) = 4
0.5 A + 2.50 B =

4
EI

(2)

10
1 0.5 0.5 A + 0.25 B =
EI
14
14
6.2222
2.25 B =
B =
=
EI
EI
2.25 EI
20
23.111
A =
0.5 B =
EI
EI
Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Final Moments :
23.111
6.2222
M AB = 20 + EI ( A + 0.5 B ) = 20 + EI (
0.5
)=0
EI
EI
23.111 6.2222
M BA = 20 + EI (0.5

) = 25.33 kN m
EI
EI
6.2222
M BC = 16 + EI (1.5 B ) = 16 EI (1.5
) = 25.33 kN m
EI
6.2222
M CB = 16 + EI (0.75 B ) = 16 EI (0.75
) = 11.33 kN m
EI

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Half Frame
with
Symmetric
loading/
Boundary
Conditions
Symmetric Frame with symmetric Loading

Symmetric beam/Frame
with anti-symmetric Loading

Dr. Kota Srinivasu

Half Frame with

Loading

Load Decomposition Superposition: Dividing load on symmetric

structure with Symmetric and anti-symmetric loads
Analysis of the half of the structure is sufficient
Dr. Kota Srinivasu