Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 78 views

    Agronomy 354 Chemistry Review: Macronutrients

    Uploaded by

    gunawan
    This document provides information about important chemical principles for understanding soil fertility and plant nutrition, including: 1) It lists common macronutrients and micronutrients for plants, including their element symbols, ionic forms, valence, ion names, and example compounds. 2) It defines key terminology used in soil chemistry like atoms, ions, valence, atomic weight, mole, equivalent weight, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). 3) It provides examples to illustrate how to calculate milliequivalent weights of elements from their atomic weights and valences, and how CEC values relate to the number of exchange sites in soil that can hold cations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Agronomy 354 Chemistry Review: Macronutrients

    Uploaded by

    gunawan
    78 views2 pages
    This document provides information about important chemical principles for understanding soil fertility and plant nutrition, including: 1) It lists common macronutrients and micronutrients for plants, including their element symbols, ionic forms, valence, ion names, and example compounds. 2) It defines key terminology used in soil chemistry like atoms, ions, valence, atomic weight, mole, equivalent weight, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). 3) It provides examples to illustrate how to calculate milliequivalent weights of elements from their atomic weights and valences, and how CEC values relate to the number of exchange sites in soil that can hold cations.

    Original Description:

    KRITERIA SIFAT KIMIA DAN KESUBURAN TANAH

    Original Title

    PPT (1983)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides information about important chemical principles for understanding soil fertility and plant nutrition, including: 1) It lists common macronutrients and micronutrients for plants, including their element symbols, ionic forms, valence, ion names, and example compounds. 2) It defines key terminology used in soil chemistry like atoms, ions, valence, atomic weight, mole, equivalent weight, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). 3) It provides examples to illustrate how to calculate milliequivalent weights of elements from their atomic weights and valences, and how CEC values relate to the number of exchange sites in soil that can hold cations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views2 pages

    Agronomy 354 Chemistry Review: Macronutrients

    Uploaded by

    gunawan
    This document provides information about important chemical principles for understanding soil fertility and plant nutrition, including: 1) It lists common macronutrients and micronutrients for plants, including their element symbols, ionic forms, valence, ion names, and example compounds. 2) It defines key terminology used in soil chemistry like atoms, ions, valence, atomic weight, mole, equivalent weight, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). 3) It provides examples to illustrate how to calculate milliequivalent weights of elements from their atomic weights and valences, and how CEC values relate to the number of exchange sites in soil that can hold cations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Agronomy 354

    Chemistry Review
    A few chemical principles are important for you to fully understand soil fertility and plant
    growth/nutrition. You should know the name, chemical symbol, valence, and ion name of
    these elements.
    Macronutrients
    Element

    Atomic/Mol wt. Valence

    Ion name

    Example

    Symbol

    Ionic form

    Nitrogen

    NO3NH4+

    62
    18

    -1
    +1

    nitrate
    ammonium

    KNO3
    NH4Cl

    Phosphorus

    HPO42H2PO4-

    96
    97

    -2
    -1

    hydrogen phosphate
    dihydrogen phosphate

    CaHPO4
    Ca(H2PO4)2

    Potassium

    K+

    39

    +1

    potassium

    KCl

    Calcium

    Ca

    Ca2+

    40

    +2

    calcium

    CaCl2

    Magnesium

    Mg

    Mg2+

    24

    +2

    magnesium

    MgCl2

    Sulfur

    SO4

    2-

    96

    -2

    sulfate

    CaSO4

    Hydrogen

    H+

    +1

    hydrogen (proton)

    H2O

    Oxygen

    O2-

    16

    -2

    oxygen

    H2O

    Carbon

    CO32-

    12

    -2

    carbonate

    CaCO3

    Ion name

    Example

    Micronutrients
    Element

    Symbol

    Ionic form

    Iron

    Fe

    Fe
    Fe3+

    Copper

    Cu

    Cu

    Manganese

    Mn

    Nickel

    Atomic/Mol wt. Valence

    2+

    56
    56

    +2
    +3

    ferrous
    ferric

    FeO
    Fe2O3

    2+

    63.5

    +2

    cupric

    CuO

    Mn2+

    55

    +2

    manganous

    MnO

    Ni

    Ni2+

    59

    +2

    nickel

    NiSO4

    Zinc

    Zn

    Zn2+

    65

    +2

    zinc

    ZnO

    Boron

    BO33-

    59

    -3

    borate

    H3BO3

    MoO42-

    160

    -2

    molybdate

    Na2MoO4

    Cl-

    35.5

    -1

    chloride

    NaCl

    Molybdenum Mo
    Chlorine

    Cl

    (over)

    Terminology
    Atoms of chemical elements are the fundamental units of all matter. Ions are atoms that
    carry an electrical charge. Positively charged ions are call cations, and negatively charged
    ions are called anions. The amount of this charge is determined by the number of electrons
    that an element has gained or lost, which indicates combining ability and is called valence.
    With two valence states, ic denotes the higher state (ferric, Fe3+) and ous the lower state
    (ferrous, Fe2+).
    Atomic weight is the relative weight of atoms of various elements (C is 12.0000 g).
    Mole is the amount of any substance containing 6.023 x 1023 elementary units (Avogadros
    number). Units may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, photons, etc. For example, one
    mole of nitrate weighs 62 g and contains 6.023 x 1023 NO3- molecules. One mole of
    potassium weighs 39 g and contains 6.023 x 1023 K atoms. One mole of potassium ions
    weighs 39 g and contains 6.023 x 1023 positive charges (the weight of the lost electrons is
    quite small). One mole of calcium ions weighs 40 g and contains 12.046 x 1023 positive
    charges (each ion has two positive charges).
    Note: meq of charge/100g = cmol of charge/kg
    (The numbers are the same--both numerator and denominator vary by a factor of 10.)

    Equivalent weight is the weight of a substance that contains 6.023 X 1023 charges.
    Soil cation exchange capacity is normally expressed as milliequivalents (meq) per 100 g soil
    (or cmol per kg soil). This expresses the amount of charge present. One equivalent of
    charge (mole of charge) is equal to 6.023 x 1023 charges, and a milliequivalent is equal to
    1/1000 of an equivalent or 6.023 x 1020 charges (when dividing 6.023 x 1023 by 1000, one
    23
    3
    substrates the exponents--10 -10 ). Therefore, a soil that has 30 meq/100 g of cation
    20
    exchange capacity has 180 x 10 or 1.8 x 1022 negative exchange sites to which positively
    charged ions could be attracted (30 times 6.023 x 1020 = 180 x 1020).
    Examples:

    23

    One mole of potassium ions weighs 39 g and has 6.023 x 10 ions, each with a single charge, or represents
    23
    6.023 x 10 charges. The equivalent weight of K is 39 g. One milliequivalent (1/1000 of an equivalent) of
    20
    potassium ions weighs 39 mg (39 g/1000), and represents 6.023 x 10 charges. Therefore, the milliequivalent
    weight of K is 39 mg.
    23

    One mole of calcium weighs 40 g and has 6.023 x 10 calcium ions, each with two positive charges. Therefore,
    23
    the equivalent weight of calcium ions is 40/2 or 20 g, which represents 6.023 x 10 charges. Thus, the
    20
    milliequivalent weight of calcium ions is 20 mg, which represents 6.023 x 10 charges.
    One milliequivalent of potassium ions (39 mg) will occupy exactly the same number of negative exchange sites in
    20
    soil as one milliequivalent of calcium ions (20 mg); i.e, 6.023 x 10 sites.

    In general:
    Milliequivalent weight = atomic weight (in milligram)
    valance

    Verify:
    (1) If a soil holds 400 mg per 100 g of Ca ions on cation exchange sites, the soil has a CEC of 20 meq/100 g.
    +
    2+
    +
    (2) If a soil has a CEC of 15 meq/100 g, it could hold 585 mg of K , or 180 mg of Mg , or 0.345 g of Na .

    You might also like