v;k; 4

lkk ds oSdfYid ds U
ifjp;
1990 osQ n'kd osQ 'qk: esa fo'o jktuhfr
esa nks&/qzoh; O;oLFkk osQ VwVus osQ ckn ;g
Li"V gks x;k fd jktuSfrd vkSj vkfFkZd
lkk osQ oSdfYid osQa oqQN gn rd vejhdk
osQ HkqRo dks lhfer djsaxsA ;wjksi esa ;wjksih;
la?k vkSj ,f'k;k esa nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ jk"Vksa
osQ laxBu (vkfl;ku) dk mn; nenkj
'kfDr osQ :i esas gqvkA ;wjksih; la?k vkSj
vkfl;ku] nksuksa us gh vius&vius bykosQ esa
pyus okyh ,sfrgkfld nq'efu;ksa vkSj
detksfj;ksa dk {ks=kh; Lrj ij lek/ku <wa<+kA
lkFk gh bUgksaus vius&vius bykdksa esa vf/d
'kkafriw.kZ vkSj lgdkjh {ks=kh; O;oLFkk fodflr
djus rFkk bl {ks=k osQ ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa
dk lewg cukus dh fn'kk esa Hkh dke fd;kA
phu osQ vkfFkZd mHkkj us fo'o jktuhfr ij
dkiQh ukVdh; Hkko MkykA bl v;k; esa
ge lkk osQ mHkjrs gq, oqQN oSdfYid
osQUksa ij ,d ukj Mkysaxs vkSj ;g tkpus
dh dksf'k'k djsaxs fd Hkfo"; esa mudh D;k
Hkwfedk gks ldrh gSA

1978 osQ fnlacj esa nsax ';kvksisax us ^vksisu Mksj* (eqDr }kj) dh uhfr
pyk;hA blosQ ckn ls phu us vn~Hkqr xfr dh vkSj vxys lkyksa esa ,d cM+h
vkfFkZd rkdr osQ :i esa mHkjkA ;s rLohjsa phu esa fodkl dh rsth ls cnyrh
o`fk;ksa dk irk nsrh gSaA igyh rLohj kafr osQ rRdky ckn osQ phu dh gSA
blesa dgk x;k gS fd ^lektoknh jkLrk gh lcls O;kid jkLrk gS*A nwljh
rLohj 'ka?kkbZ dh gS tks phu dh ubZ vkfFkZd 'kfDr dk rhd gSA

52

ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr

;wjksih; la?k
tc nwljk fo'o ;q lekIr gqvk rc ;wjksi
osQ vusd usrk ^;wjksi osQ lokyksa* dks ysdj
ijs'kku jgsA D;k ;wjksi dks viuh iqjkuh
nq'efu;ksa dks fiQj ls 'kq: djuk pkfg,
;k varjkZ"Vh; laca/ksa esa ldkjkRed ;ksxnku
djus okys flkarksa vkSj laLFkkvksa osQ vk/kj
ij mls vius laca/ksa dks u, fljs ls cukuk
pkfg,\ nwljs fo'o;q us mu vusd ekU;rkvksa
vkSj O;oLFkkvksa dks oLr dj fn;k ftlosQ
vk/kj ij ;wjksih; ns'kksa osQ vkilh lac/
a cus
FksA 1945 rd ;wjksih; ns'kksa us viuh
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh cckZnh rks >syh gh] mu
ekU;rkvksa vkSj O;oLFkkvksa dks oLr gksrs Hkh
ns[k fy;k ftu ij ;wjksi [kM+k gqvk FkkA
1945 osQ ckn ;wjksi osQ ns'kksa esa esy&feyki
dks 'khr;q ls Hkh enn feyhA vejhdk us
;wjksi dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ iquxZBu osQ fy,
tcjnLr enn dhA bls ek'kZy ;kstuk osQ
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA vesfjdk us ^ukVks* osQ
rgr ,d lkewfgd lqj{kk O;oLFkk dks tUe
fn;kA ek'kZy ;kstuk osQ rgr gh 1948 esa
;wjksih; vkfFkZd lg;ksx laxBu dh LFkkiuk
dh xbZ ftlosQ ek;e ls if'peh ;wjksi osQ
ns'kksa dks vkfFkZd enn nh xbZA ;g ,d ,slk

;wjksih; la?k dk >aMk

lksus osQ jax osQ flrkjksa dk ?ksjk ;wjksi osQ yksxksa dh ,drk vkSj esyfeyki dk
rhd gSA blesa 12 flrkjsa gSa D;ksafd ckjg dh la[;k dks ogk ikjaifjd :i ls
iw.kZrk] lexzrk vkSj ,drk dk rhd ekuk tkrk gSA
lzksr% http:// europa.eu/abc/symbols/emblem/index_en.htm

eap cu x;k ftlosQ ek;e ls if'peh

;wjksi osQ ns'kksa us O;kikj vkSj vkfFkZd ekeyksa
esa ,d&nwljs dh enn 'kq: dhA 1949 esa
xfBr ;wjksih; ifj"kn~ jktuSfrd lg;ksx osQ
ekeys esa ,d vxyk dne lkfcr gqbAZ ;wjksi
osQ iwt
a hoknh ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ vkilh
,dhdj.k dh f;k pj.kc <ax ls vkxs
c<+h (bl ,dhdj.k dk dkye ns[ks)a vkSj
blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i 1957 esa ;wjksih;u
bdkWukfed dE;qfuVh dk xBu gqvkA ;wjksih;u
ikfyZ;kesaV osQ xBu osQ ckn bl f;k us
jktuhfrd Lo:i kIr dj fy;kA lksfo;r
xqV osQ iru osQ ckn bl f;k esa rsth
vk;h vkSj 1992 esa bl f;k dh ifj.kfr
;wjksih; la?k dh LFkkiuk osQ :i esa gqbZA
;wjksih; la?k osQ :i esa leku fons'k vkSj
lqj{kk uhfr] vkarfjd ekeyksa rFkk U;k; ls
tqM+s eqksa ij lg;ksx vkSj ,dleku eqk osQ
pyu osQ fy, jkLrk rS;kj gks x;kA
,d yEcs le; esa cuk ;wjksih; la?k
vkfFkZd lg;ksx okyh O;oLFkk ls cnydj
T;knk ls T;knk jktuSfrd :i ysrk x;k gSA
vc ;wjksih; la?k Lo;a dkiQh gn rd ,d
fo'kky jk"V&jkT; dh rjg gh dke djus
yxk gSA gkykfd ;wjksih; la?k dk ,d
lafo/ku cukus dh dksf'k'k rks vliQy gks
xbZ ysfdu bldk viuk >aMk] xku]
LFkkiuk&fnol vkSj viuh eqk gSA vU;
ns'kksa ls laca/ksa osQ ekeys esa blus dkiQh gn
rd lk>h fons'k vkSj lqj{kk uhfr Hkh cuk
yh gSA u;s lnL;ksa dks 'kkfey djrs gq,
;wjksih; la?k us lg;ksx osQ nk;js esa foLrkj
dh dksf'k'k dhA u;s lnL; eq[;r% HkwriwoZ
lksfo;r [kses osQ FksA ;g f;k vklku
ugha jghA vusd ns'kksa osQ yksx bl ckr dks
ysdj oqQN [+kkl mRlkfgr ugha Fks fd tks

53

lkk osQ oSdfYid osQU

;wjksih; la?k dk ekufp=k

iqjkus lnL;
u, lnL;

fiQuyS a M
LohMu

,LVks f u;k
yrkfo;k
fyFkq v kfu;k

MsuekoZQ
vk;jyS a M
;wukbVsM fdaxMe

uhnjySaM
cs f Yt;e

teZ u h

iks y S a M

psd fjifCyd
Lyks o kfd;k
vkfLV ; k
ga x jh
Lykso sfu;k

yDlecxZ
ka l

bVyh

iqrZX+kky

Lisu

ekYVk

xz h l
lkbl

;wjksih; la?k osQ lnL;ksa dks bl ekufp=k esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA

rkdr muosQ ns'k dh ljdkj dks gkfly Fkh

og vc ;wjksih; la?k dks ns nh tk,A
;wjksih; la?k esa oqQN ns'kksa dks 'kkfey djus
osQ loky ij Hkh vlgefr gSA
;wjksih; la?k dk vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd]
owQVuhfrd rFkk lSfud Hkko cgqr tcjnLr
gSA 2005 esa ;g nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h
vFkZO;oLFkk Fkh vkSj bldk ldy ?kjsyw
mRiknu 12000 vjc Mkyj ls T;knk Fkk tks
vejhdk ls Hkh FkksM+k T;knk gh FkkA bldh
eqk ;wjks vejhdh Mkyj osQ HkqRo osQ fy,
[krjk cu ldrh gSA fo'o O;kikj esa bldh

fgLlsnkjh vejhdk ls rhu xquh T;knk gS vkSj

blh osQ pyrs ;g vejhdk vkSj phu ls
O;kikfjd fooknksa esa iwjh /kSal osQ lkFk ckr
djrk gSA bldh vkfFkZd 'kfDr dk Hkko
blosQ utnhdh ns'kksas ij gh ugha] cfYd
,f'k;k vkSj vhdk osQ nwj&njkt osQ eqYo+Qksa
ij Hkh gSA ;g fo'o O;kikj laxBu tSls
varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj laxBuksas osQ vanj ,d
egoiw.kZ lewg osQ :i esa dke djrk gSA
;wjksih; la?k osQ nks lnL; ns'k fczVsu
vkSj kal lqj{kk ifj"kn~ osQ LFkk;h lnL; gSAa
;wjksih; la?k osQ dbZ vkSj ns'k lqj{kk ifj"kn~

vks! vc le> esa vk;k

'kkaxsu ohtk dk erycA
ftl le>kSrs ij 'kkaxsu
esa nLr[+kr gq, mlosQ
vuqlkj vkidks fliZQ
,d ns'k dk ohtk ysuk
gksxk vkSj bl ohtk osQ
cwrs vki ;wjksih; la?k esa
'kkfey vf/dka'k ns'kksa
esa tk losaQxsA

54

ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr

;wjksih; ,drk osQ egoiw.kZ iM+ko

vSy 1951

if'peh ;wjksi osQ Ng ns'kksa kal] if'pe teZuh]

bVyh] csfYt;e] uhnjySaM vkSj yDtecxZ us isfjl
laf/ ij nLr[kr djosQ ;wjksih; dks;yk vkSj bLikr
leqnk; dk xBu fd;kA

ekpZ 1957

bUgha Ng ns'kksa us jkse dh laf/ osQ ek;e ls ;wjksih;

vkfFkZd leqnk; (EEC) vkSj ;wjksih; ,Veh tkZ
leqnk; (Euratom) dk xBu fd;kA

tuojh 1973

MsuekoZQ] vk;jySaM vkSj fczVsu us Hkh ;wjksih; leqnk;

dh lnL;rk yhA

twu 1979

;wjksih; laln osQ fy, igyk R;{k pqukoA

tuojh 1981

;wuku (xzhl) us ;wjksih; leqnk; dh lnL;rk yhA

twu 1985

'kkaxsu laf/ us ;wjksih; leqnk; osQ ns'kksa osQ chp lhek

fu;a=k.k lekIr fd;kA

tuojh 1986

Lisu vkSj iqrZxky Hkh ;wjksih; leqnk; esa 'kkfey gq,A

vDVwcj 1990 %

teZuh dk ,dhdj.kA

iQjojh 1992

;wjksih; la?k osQ xBu osQ fy, ekfLVLV laf/ ij

nLr[krA

tuojh 1993

,dhr cktkj dk xBuA

tuojh 2002

ubZ eqk ;wjks dks 12 lnL; ns'kksa us viuk;kA

ebZ 2004

lkbl] psd x.kjkT;] ,LVksfu;k] gaxjh] yrkfo;k]

fyFkqvkfu;k] ekYVk] iksyMaS ] Lyksokfd;k vkSj Lyksofs u;k
Hkh ;wjksih; la?k esa 'kkfeyA

tuojh 2007

cqYxkfj;k vkSj jksekfu;k ;wjksih; la?k esa 'kkfeyA

Lyksosfu;k us ;wjks dks viuk;kA

osQ vLFkk;h lnL;ksa esa 'kkfey gSaA blosQ

pyrs ;wjksih; la?k vejhdk lesr lHkh eqYdksa
dh uhfr;ksa dks Hkkfor djrk gSA bZjku osQ
ijek.kq dk;Ze ls lacfa /r vejhdh uhfr;ksa
dks gky osQ fnuksa esa Hkkfor djuk bldk

,d mnkgj.k gSA phu osQ lkFk ekuokfkdkjksa

osQ mYya?ku vkSj i;kZoj.k fouk'k osQ ekeyksa
ij /edh ;k lSfud 'kfDr dk mi;ksx djus
dh txg owQVuhfr] vkfFkZd fuos'k vkSj
ckrphr dh bldh uhfr T;knk Hkkoh lkfcr
gqbZ gSA
lSfud rkdr osQ fglkc ls ;wjksih;
la?k osQ ikl nqfu;k dh nwljh lcls cM+h
lsuk gSA bldk oqQy j{kk ctV vejhdk
osQ ckn lcls vf/d gSA ;wjksih; la?k osQ
nks ns'kksa fczVsu vkSj kal osQ ikl
ijek.kq gfFk;kj gSa vkSj vuqeku gS fd
buosQ k[khjs esa djhc 550 ijek.kq gfFk;kj
gSaA varfj{k foKku vkSj lapkj kS|ksfxdh osQ
ekeys esa Hkh ;wjksih; la?k dk nqfu;k esa nwljk
LFkku gSA
vf/jk"Vh; laxBu osQ rkSj ij ;wjkssih;
la?k vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd vkSj lkekftd ekeyksa
esa n[ky nsus esa l{ke gSA ysfdu vusd
ekeyksa esa blosQ lnL; ns'kksa dh viuh
fons'k vkSj j{kk uhfr gS tks dbZ ckj ,d&nwljs
osQ f[kykiQ Hkh gksrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd
bjkd ij vejhdh geys esa fczVsu osQ
kkuea=kh Vksuh Cys;j rks mlosQ lkFk Fks
ysfdu teZuh vkSj kal bl geys osQ
f[kykiQ FksA ;wjksih; la?k osQ dbZ u, lnL;
ns'k Hkh vejhdh xBca/u esa FksA ;wjksi osQ
oqQN fgLlksa esa ;wjks dks ykxw djus osQ
dk;Ze dks ysdj dkiQh ukjktxh gSA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd fczVsu dh iwoZ /kuea=kh
ekxZjsV FkSpj us fczVsu dks ;wjksih; ckkkj ls
vyx j[kkA MsuekoZQ vkSj LohMu us ekfLVLV
laf/ vkSj lk>h ;wjksih; eqk ;wjks dks ekuus
dk frjks/ fd;kA blls fons'kh vkSj j{kk
ekeyksa esa dke djus dh ;wjksih; la?k dh
{kerk lhfer gksrh gSA

55

,jsl] osQxYl dkVZwu

lkk osQ oSdfYid osQU

2003 esa ;wjksih; la?k us ,d lk>k lafo/ku cukus dh dksf'k'k dh FkhA ;g dksf'k'k ukdke;kc jghA
blh dks y{; djosQ ;g dkVwZu cuk gSA dkVwZfuLV us ;wjksih; la?k dks VkbVSfud kgkt osQ :i esa D;ksa
fn[kk;k gS\

nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ jk"Vkas dk laxBu

(vkfl;ku)
+ ij ,d ukj MkyasA vkiosQ
nqfu;k osQ uD'ks
[+;ky ls dkSu&ls ns'k ,f'k;k osQ nf{k.kh {ks=k
esa vkus pkfg,\ nwljs fo'o ;q ls igys
vkSj mlosQ nkSjku] ,f'k;k dk ;g fgLlk
ckj&ckj ;wjksih; vkSj tkikuh mifuos'kokn
dk f'kdkj gqvk rFkk Hkkjh jktuSfrd vkSj
vkfFkZd dher pqdkbZA ;q lekIr gksus ij
bls jk"V&fuekZ.k] vkfFkZd fiNM+siu vkSj
xjhch tSlh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA
bls 'khr;q osQ nkSj esa fdlh ,d egk'kfDr
osQ lkFk tkus osQ nckoksa dks Hkh >syuk iM+kA
Vdjkoksa vkSj HkkxeHkkx dh ,slh fLFkfr dks
nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k laHkkyus dh fLFkfr esa

ugha FkkA ckaMxaq lEesyu vkSj xqVfujis{k vkanksyu

oxSjg osQ ek;e ls ,f'k;k vkSj rhljh
nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa esa ,drk dk;e djus osQ
;kl vukSipkfjd Lrj ij lg;ksx vkSj
esytksy djkus osQ ekeys esa dkjxj ugha gks
jgs FksA blh osQ pyrs nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ
ns'kksa us nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ laxBu (vkfl;ku)
cukdj ,d oSdfYid igy dhA
1967 esa bl {ks=k osQ ikp ns'kksa us cSd
a kWd
?kks"k.kk ij gLrk{kj djosQ ^vkfl;ku* dh
LFkkiuk dhA ;s ns'k Fks baMksufs 'k;k] eysf'k;k]
fiQfyihal] flaxkiqj vkSj FkkbZyMaS A ^vkfl;ku*
dk ms'; eq[; :i ls vkfFkZd fodkl dks
rst djuk vkSj mlosQ ek;e ls lkekftd
vkSj lkaLfrd fodkl gkfly djuk FkkA
dkuwu osQ 'kklu vkSj la;Dq r jk"V osQ dk;nksa

dYiuk dhft,] D;k

gksrk vxj iwjs ;wjksih;
la?k dh ,d iqQVcky
Vhe gksrh\

56

ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr

iwoZ vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k dk ekufp=k

:l

eaxksfy;k
mkj
dksfj;k
nf{k.k
dksfj;k

phu

tkiku
mkj
iz'kkar
egklkxj

usiky
HkwVku
Hkkjr
cakXykns'k
E;kaekj
(cekZ)
caxky dh
[kkM+h

gkxdkx
ykvksl
FkkbySMa
dacksfM;k fo;ruke

eysf'k;k
flaxkiqj

fgan egklkxj

fiQfyihal

czqusbZ
eysf'k;k

baMksusf'k;k
iwohZ
freksj

vkLVsf y;k
phu] tkiku] dksfj;k vkSj vkfl;ku osQ lnL; ns'kksa dks bafxr djrk ekufp=kA
lzksr% ;wfuoflZVh vkWiQ Vsdlkl ykbczsjhk] vkfLVu ls lkHkkj

D;k Hkkjr nf{k.k&iwoZ

,f'k;k dk fgLlk
ugha gS\ Hkkjr osQ
iwoksZkjh jkT; vkfl;ku
ns'kksa osQ brus fudV gSaA

ij vk/kfjr {ks=kh; 'kkafr vkSj LFkkf;Ro dks

c<+kok nsuk Hkh bldk ms'; FkkA ckn osQ o"kksZa
esa czuq bs Z nk#Llyke] fo;ruke] ykvksl] E;kaekj
vkSj dacksfM;k Hkh vkfl;ku esa 'kkfey gks
x, rFkk bldh lnL; la[;k nl gks xbZA
;wjksih; la?k dh rjg blus [kqn dks
vfkjk"Vh; laxBu cukus ;k mldh rjg

vU; O;oLFkkvksa dks vius gkFk esa

ys u s dk y{; ugha j[kkA
vukSipkfjd] Vdjkojfgr vkSj
lg;ksxkRed esy&feyki dk u;k
mnkgj.k is'k djosQ vkfl;ku us
dkiQh ;'k dek;k gS vkSj bldks
^vkfl;ku 'kSyh* (ASEAN way)
gh dgk tkus yxk gSA vkfl;ku osQ
dkedkt esa jk"Vh; lkoZHkkSfedrk
dk lEeku djuk cgqr gh egoiw.kZ
jgk gSA
nqfu;k esa lcls rst jrkj ls
vkfFkZd rjDdh djus okys lnL;
ns'kksa osQ lewg vkfl;ku us vc
vius ms';ksa dks vkfFkZd vkSj
lkekftd nk;js ls T;knk O;kid
cuk;k gSA 2003 esa vkfl;ku us
vkfl;ku lqj{kk leqnk;] vkfl;ku
vkfFkZd leqnk; vkSj vkfl;ku
lkekftd&lkaLfrd leqnk; uked
iiqvk
rhu LrEHkksa osQ vkkkj ij vkfl;ku
U;w
fxuh leqnk; cukus dh fn'kk esa dne
mBk, tks oqQN gn rd ;wjksih;
la?k ls feyrk&tqyrk gSA
vkfl;ku lqj{kk leqnk; {ks=kh;
fooknksa dks lSfud Vdjko rd u
ys tkus dh lgefr ij vk/kfjr
gSA 2003 rd vkfl;ku osQ lnL; ns'kksa us
dbZ le>kSrs fd, ftuosQ }kjk gj lnL;
ns'k us 'kkafr] fu"i{krk] lg;ksx] vgLr{ksi
dks c<+kok nsus vkSj jk"Vksa osQ vkilh varj
rFkk laHkqrk osQ vf/dkjksa dk lEeku djus
ij viuh opucrk tkfgj dhA vkfl;ku
osQ ns'kksa dh lqj{kk vkSj fons'k uhfr;ksa esa
rkyesy cukus osQ fy, 1994 esa vkfl;ku
{ks=kh; eap dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA

57

lkk osQ oSdfYid osQU

fn;k gSA 'kq#vkrh o"kks esa Hkkjrh;

fons'k uhfr us vkfl;ku ij T;knk
;ku ugha fn;kA ysfdu gky osQ o"kks
esa Hkkjr us viuh uhfr lq/kkjus dh
dksf'k'k dh gSA Hkkjr us nks vkfl;ku
lnL;ks]a flaxkiqj vkSj FkkbZyMaS osQ lkFk
eqDr O;kikj dk le>kSrk fd;k gSA
Hkkjr vkfl;ku osQ lkFk gh eqDr
O;kikj laf/ djus dk ;kl dj jgk
gSA vkfl;ku dh vlyh rkdr vius
lnL; ns'kksa] lgHkkxh lnL;ksa vkSj
ckdh xSj&{ks=kh; laxBuksa osQ chp
fujarj laokn vkSj ijke'kZ djus dh
uhfr esa gSA ;g ,f'k;k dk ,dek=k
,slk {ks=kh; laxBu gS tks ,f'k;kbZ
ns'kksa vkSj fo'o 'kfDr;ksa dks jktuSfrd
vkSj lqj{kk ekeyksa ij ppkZ osQ fy,
jktuSfrd eap miyC/ djkrk gSA

vkfl;ku dk >aMk
vkfl;ku osQ rhd&fp esa /ku dh
nl ckfy;k nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k osQ nl
ns'kksa dks bafxr djrh gSa tks vkil esa
fe=krk vkSj ,drk osQ /kxs ls ca/s gSAa
o`k vkfl;ku dh ,drk dk rhd gSA
lzksr% www.aseansec.org

gesa bldh
vknr
Mkyuh gksxh

Hkkjr us 1991 ls ^iwjc dh vksj pyks* dh uhfr viuk;hA blls iwohZ ,f'k;k osQ
ns'kksa (vkfl;ku] phu] tkiku vkSj nf{k.k dksfj;k) ls mlosQ vkfFkZd laca/ksa esa
c<+kskjh gqbZ gSA

osQ'ko] n fgUnw

iwohZ ,f'k;k
osQ ns'k

frLi/kZ

cqfu;knh :i ls vkfl;ku ,d vkfFkZd

laxBu Fkk vkSj og ,slk gh cuk jgkA
vkfl;ku {ks=k dh oqQy vFkZO;oLFkk vejhdk]
;wjksih; la?k vkSj tkiku dh rqyuk esa dkiQh
NksVh gS ij bldk fodkl bu lcls vf/d
rsth ls gks jgk gSA blosQ pyrs bl {ks=k esa
vkSj blls ckgj blosQ Hkko esa rsth ls o`f
gks jgh gSA vkfl;ku vkfFkZd leqnk; dk
ms'; vkfl;ku ns'kksa dk lk>k ckkkj vkSj
mRiknu vk/kj rS;kj djuk rFkk bl bykosQ
osQ lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl esa enn
djuk gSA ;g laxBu bl {ks=k osQ ns'kksa osQ
vkfFkZd fooknksa dks fuiVkus osQ fy, cuh
ekStwnk O;oLFkk dks Hkh lq/kjuk pkgsxkA
vkfl;ku us fuos'k] Je vkSj lsokvksa osQ
ekeys esa eqDr O;kikj {ks=k cukus ij Hkh ;ku
fn;k gSA bl Lrko ij vkfl;ku osQ lkFk
ckrphr djus dh igy vejhdk vkSj phu
us dj Hkh nh gSA
vkfl;ku rsth ls c<+rk gqvk ,d
egoiw.kZ {ks=kh; laxBu gSA blosQ fotu
nLrkosk 2020 esa varjkZ"Vh; leqnk; esa
vkfl;ku dh ,d cfgeZq[kh Hkwfedk dks
eq[krk nh xbZ gSA vkfl;ku }kjk vHkh
Vdjko dh txg ckrphr dks c<+kok nsus
dh uhfr ls gh ;g ckr fudyh gSA blh
rjO+kQhc ls vkfl;ku us oaQcksfM;k osQ Vdjko
dks lekIr fd;k] iwohZ freksj osQ ladV dks
lEHkkyk gS vkSj iwoZ&,f'k;kbZ lg;ksx ij
ckrphr osQ fy, 1999 ls fu;fer :i ls
okf"kZd cSBd vk;ksftr dh gSA
vkfl;ku dh ekStwnk vkfFkZd 'kfDr]
[kkl rkSj ls Hkkjr vkSj phu tSls rsth ls
fodflr gksus okys ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa osQ lkFk
O;kikj vkSj fuos'k osQ ekeys esa mldh
klafxdrk us bls vkSj Hkh vkd"kZd cuk

58

ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr

phuh vFkZO;oLFkk dk mRFkku

vkb,] vc ge vius fcYoqQy uknhd osQ
iM+kslh vkSj 'kfDr osQ rhljs cM+s osaQ phu
dh vksj #[k+ djsaA vkfFkZd 'kfDr osQ :i esa
phu osQ mn; dks iwjs fo'o esa ftl rjg
ns[kk tk jgk gS mls vxys iUus ij vafdr
dkVwuZ ,dne Bhd&Bhd crk jgk gSA 1978
osQ ckn ls tkjh phu dh vkfFkZd liQyrk
dks ,d egk'kfDr osQ :i esa blosQ mHkjus
osQ lkFk tksM+dj ns[kk tkrk gSA vkfFkZd
vkfl;ku D;ksa liQy jgk
vkSj n{ksl (lkoZQ) D;ksa
ugha\ D;k blfy, fd
ml {ks=k esa dksbZ cgqr
cM+k ns'k ugha gS\

+ esa vkfl;ku osQ

u D'ks
lnL; nss'kksa dks
igpkfu,A uD+ 'ks esa
vkfl;ku osQ
lfpoky; dks
fn[kk,A

lq/kjksa dh 'kq#vkr djus osQ ckn ls phu

lcls T;knk rsth ls vkfFkZd o`f dj jgk gS
vkSj ekuk tkrk gS fd bl jrkj ls pyrs gq,
2040 rd og nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h vkfFkZd
'kfDr] vejhdk ls Hkh vkxs fudy tk,xkA
vkfFkZd Lrj ij vius iM+kslh eqYdksa ls
tqMk+ o osQ pyrs phu iwoZ ,f'k;k osQ fodkl
dk batu&tSlk cuk gqvk gS vkSj bl dkj.k
{ks=kh; ekeyksa esa mldk Hkko cgqr c<+ x;k
gSA bldh fo'kky vkcknh] cM+k Hkw&Hkkx]
lalk/u] {ks=kh; vofLFkfr vkSj jktuSfrd
Hkko bl rst vkfFkZd o`f osQ lkFk feydj
phu osQ Hkko dks dbZ xquk c<+k nsrs gSaA
1949 esa ekvks osQ usr`Ro esa gqbZ
lkE;oknh kafr osQ ckn phuh tuoknh
x.kjkT; dh LFkkiuk osQ le; ;gk dh
vkfFkZdh lksfo;r ekWMy ij vk/kfjr FkhA
vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+s lkE;oknh phu us

iwthoknh nqfu;k ls vius fj'rs rksM+ fy,A

,sls esa blosQ ikl vius gh lalk/uksa ls
xqtkjk djus osQ vykok dksbZ pkjk u FkkA gk]
FkksMs+ le; rd bls lksfo;r enn vkSj lykg
Hkh feyh FkhA blus fodkl dk tks eWkMy
viuk;k mlesa [ksrh ls iwth fudky dj
ljdkjh fu;a=k.k esa cM+s m|ksx [kM+s djus ij
tksj FkkA pwafd blosQ ikl fons'kh ckkkjksa ls
rduhd vkSj lkekuksa dh [kjhn osQ fy,
fons'kh eqk dh deh Fkh blfy, phu us
vk;kfrr lkekuksa dks khjs&khjs ?kjsyw Lrj ij
gh rS;kj djokuk 'kq: fd;kA
bl ekWMy esa phu us vHkwriwoZ Lrj ij
vkS|ksfxd vFkZO;oLFkk [kM+k djus dk vk/kj
cukus osQ fy, lkjs lalk/uksa dk bLrseky
fd;kA lHkh ukxfjdksa dks jkstxkj vkSj lkekftd
dY;k.k ;kstukvksa dk ykHk nsus osQ nk;js esa
yk;k x;k vkSj vius ukxfjdksa dks f'kf{kr
djus vkSj mUgsa LokLF; lqfo/k, miyC/
djkus osQ ekeys esa phu lcls fodflr ns'kksa
ls Hkh vkxs fudy x;kA vFkZO;oLFkk dk
fodkl Hkh 5 ls 6 iQhlnh dh nj ls gqvkA
ysfdu tula[;k esa 2&3 iQhlnh dh okf"kZd
o`f bl fodkl nj ij ikuh isQj jgh Fkh
vkSj c<+rh vkcknh fodkl osQ ykHk ls oafpr
jg tk jgh FkhA [ksrh dh iSnkokj m|ksxksa dh
iwjh k:jr yk;d vf/'ks"k ugha ns ikrh FkhA
v;k; nks esa ge lksfo;r la?k dh
jkT;&fu;af=kr vkfFkZdh osQ ladV dh ppkZ
dj pqosQ gSaA ,sls gh ladV dk lkeuk phu
dks Hkh djuk iM+kA bldk vkS|ksfxd mRiknu
i;kZIr rsth ls ugha c<+ jgk FkkA fons'kh
O;kikj u osQ cjkcj Fkk vkSj fr O;fDr vk;
cgqr de FkhA
phuh usr`Ro us 1970 osQ n'kd esa oqQN
cM+s uhfrxr fu.kZ; fy,A phu us 1972 esa
vejhdk ls laca/ cukdj vius jktuSfrd

59

vkSj vkfFkZd ,dkarokl dks [kRe fd;kA

1973 esa /kuea=kh pk ,uykbZ us f"k]
m|ksx] lsuk vkSj foKku&kS|ksfxdh osQ {ks=k
esa vk/qfudhdj.k osQ pkj Lrko j[ksA 1978
esa rRdkyhu usrk nsax ';kvksisax us phu esa
vkfFkZd lq/kjksa vkSj ^[kqys }kj dh uhfr* dh
?kks"k.kk dhA vc uhfr ;g gks x;h fd fons'k
iwath vkSj kS|ksfxdh osQ fuos'k ls mPprj
mRikndrk dks kIr fd;k tk,A ckkkjewyd
vFkZO;oLFkk dks viukus osQ fy, phu us
viuk rjhdk vktek;kA
phu us ^'kkWd Fksjis h* ij vey djus osQ
ckk; viuh vFkZO;oLFkk dks pj.kc <ax
ls [kksykA
1982 esa [ksrh dk futhdj.k fd;k x;k
vkSj mlosQ ckn 1998 esa m|ksxksa dkA O;kikj
laca/h vojks/ksa dks fliZQ ^fo'ks"k vkfFkZd
{ks=kksa* osQ fy, gh gVk;k x;k gS tgk fons'kh
fuos'kd vius m|e yxk ldrs gSaA
u;h vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa osQ dkj.k phu dh
vFkZO;oLFkk dks viuh tM+rk ls mcjus esa
enn feyhA f"k osQ futhdj.k osQ dkj.k
f"k&mRiknksa rFkk xzkeh.k vk; esa mYys[kuh;
c<+kskjh gqbZA xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk esa futh
cpr dk ifjek.k c<+k vkSj blls xzkeh.k
m|ksxksa dh rknkn cM+h rsth ls c<+hA m|ksx
vkSj f"k nksuksa gh {ks=kksa esa phu dh vFkZO;oLFkk
dh o`f&nj rst jghA O;kikj osQ u;s dkuwu
rFkk fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa (Lis'ky bdkWukfed
kksu&SEZ ) osQ fuekZ.k ls fons'k&O;kikj esa
mYys[kuh; o`f gqbZA phu iwjs fo'o esa
R;{k fons'kh fuos'k osQ fy, lcls vkd"kZd
ns'k cudj mHkjkA phu osQ ikl fons'kh eqk
dk vc fo'kky HkaMkj gS vkSj blosQ ne ij
phu nwljs ns'kksa esa fuos'k dj jgk gSA phu
2001 esa fo'o O;kikj laxBu esa 'kkfey gks

Msax dkW; ehy] flaxkiqj] osQxYl dkVZwu

lkk osQ oSdfYid osQU

phu dh c<+rh rkdr

veweu phu dk uke vkrs gh gekjs tsgu esa phu dh nhokj vkSj MSxu dh rLohj
dkSakrh gSA phu osQ vkfFkZd mHkkj dks fn[kkus osQ fy, ;gk dkVwZfuLV us nksuksa dk
bLrseky fd;k gSA igpkfu, fd dkVwZu esa fn[kk;k x;k ,d NksVk&lk vkneh dkSu
gks ldrk gS\ D;k og MSxu dks jksd ldrk gS\

x;kA bl rjg nwljs ns'kksa osQ fy, viuh

vFkZO;oLFkk [kksyus dh fn'kk esa phu us ,d
d+ne vkSj c<+k;kA vc phu dh ;kstuk
fo'o vkfFkZdh ls vius tqM+ko dks vkSj
xgjk djosQ Hkfo"; dh fo'o O;oLFkk dks
,d eupkgk :i nsus dh gSA
phu dh vkfFkZdh esa rks ukVdh; lq/kj
gqvk gS ysfdu ogk gj fdlh dks lq/kjksa dk
ykHk ugha feyk gSA phu esa csjkstxkjh c<+h gS
vkSj 10 djksM+ yksx jkstxkj dh ryk'k esa gSA
ogk efgykvksa osQ jkstxkj vkSj dke djus osQ
gkykr mrus gh [kjkc gSa ftrus ;wjksi esa 18oha
vkSj 19oha lnh esa FksA blosQ vykok i;kZoj.k
osQ uqdlku vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj osQ c<+us tSls ifj.kke
Hkh lkeus vk,A xko vkSj 'kgj osQ rFkk rVh;

phu esa fliZQ Ng gh

fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k gSa
vkSj Hkkjr esa ,sls 200
ls T;knk {ks=kksa dks
eatwjh! D;k ;g Hkkjr
osQ fy, vPNk gS\

60

ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr

vkSj eq[;Hkwfe ij jgus okys yksxksa osQ chp

vkfFkZd iQklyk c<+rk tk jgk gSA
gkykfd {ks=kh; vkSj oSf'od Lrj ij
phu ,d ,slh tcjnLr vkfFkZd 'kfDr cudj
mHkjk gS fd lHkh mldk yksgk ekuus yxs gSAa
phu dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk ckgjh nqfu;k ls
tqM+ko vkSj ikjLifjd fuHkZjrk us vc ;g
fLFkfr cuk nh gS fd vius O;kolkf;d
lk>hnkjksa ij phu dk tcjnLr Hkko cu
pqdk gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd tkiku]
vejhdk] vkfl;ku vkSj :l & lHkh O;kikj
osQ vkxs phu ls ckdh fooknksa dks Hkqyk pqoQs
gaSA mEehn dh tk jgh gS fd tYnh gh phu
vkSj rkboku osQ erHksn Hkh [kRe gks tk,xs
vkSj rkboku bldh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ lkFk
T;knk ?kfu"B :i ls tqM+ tk;sxkA 1997 osQ
fokh; ladV osQ ckn vkfl;ku ns'kksa dh
vFkZO;oLFkk dks fVdk, j[kus esa phu osQ
vkfFkZd mHkkj us dkiQh enn dh gSA ykfruh
vejhdk vkSj vhdk esa fuos'k vkSj enn
dh bldh uhfr;k crkrh gSa fd fodkl'khy
ns'kksa osQ ekeys esa phu ,d ubZ fo'o 'kfDr
osQ :i esa mHkjrk tk jgk gSA

rc

ekvks dh
yky
fO+kQrkc

ekbd ysu] osQxYl dkVZwu

vc

gw dh
iwthijLr
yky ^VkbZ*

phu % rc vkSj vc

phu

,jsl] osQxYl dkVZwu

phu osQ lkFk Hkkjr osQ lac/

a

phuh lkbfdy
v;k; dh 'kq#vkr esa fn, x, fp=k dh Hkkafr mi;qZDr dkVwZuksa esa ls igyk phu osQ
#[+k esa cnyko dks bafxr djrk gSA nwljs dkVwZu esa lkbfdy dk rhd osQ :i esa
bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA fo'o esa lcls T;knk lkbfdysa phu esa bLrseky dh tkrh gSaA
dkVZwu esa lkbfdy dk bLrseky vkt osQ phu osQ nksgjsiu dks bafxr djus osQ fy, fd;k
x;k gSA ;g nksgjkiu D;k gS\ D;k ge bls varfoZjks/ dg ldrs gSa\

if'peh lkezkT;okn osQ mn; ls igys Hkkjr

vkSj phu ,f'k;k dh egk'kfDr FksA phu dk
vius vklikl osQ bykdksa ij Hkh dkiQh
Hkko Fkk vkSj vklikl osQ NksVs ns'k blosQ
HkqRo dks ekudj vkSj oqQN ukjkuk nsdj
pSu ls jgk djrs FksA phuh jktoa'kksa osQ yEcs
'kklu esa eaxksfy;k] dksfj;k] fgUn&phu osQ
oqQN bykosQ vkSj frCcr bldh v/hurk
ekurs jgs FksA Hkkjr osQ Hkh vusd jktoa'kksa
vkSj lkezkT;ksa dk Hkko muosQ vius jkT; ls
ckgj Hkh jgk FkkA Hkkjr gks ;k phu] budk

61

lkk osQ oSdfYid osQU

Hkko fliZQ jktuSfrd ugha Fkk ;g vkfFkZd]

/kfeZd vkSj lkaLfrd Hkh FkkA ij phu vkSj
Hkkjr vius Hkko {ks=kksa osQ ekeys esa dHkh
ugha Vdjk, FksA blh dkj.k nksuksa osQ chp
jktuSfrd vkSj lkaLfrd R;{k lac/
a lhfer
gh FksA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd nksuksa ns'k ,d
nwljs dks T;knk vPNh rjg ls ugha tku losQ
vkSj tc chloha lnh esa nksuksa ns'k ,d nwljs
ls Vdjk, rks nksuksa dks gh ,d&nwljs osQ fr
fons'k uhfr fodflr djus esa eqf'dysa vkbA
vaxzsth jkt ls Hkkjr osQ vkkkn gksus
vkSj phu }kjk fons'kh 'kfDr;ksa dks fudky
ckgj djus osQ ckn ;g mEehn txh Fkh fd
;s nksuksa eqYd lkFk vkdj fodkl'khy nqfu;k
vkSj [kkl rkSj ls ,f'k;k osQ Hkfo"; dks r;
djus esa egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,axsA oqQN
le; osQ fy, ^fganh&phuh HkkbZ&HkkbZ* dk
ukjk Hkh yksdf; gqvkA lhek fookn ij pys
lSU; la?k"kZ us bl mEehn dks lekIr dj
fn;kA vkkknh osQ rRdky ckn 1950 esa phu
}kjk frCcr dks gM+ius rFkk Hkkjr&phu lhek
ij cfLr;k cukus osQ iSQlys ls nksuksa ns'kksa osQ
chp laca/ ,dne xM+cM+ gks x,A Hkkjr
vkSj phu nksuksa ns'k v#.kkpy ns'k osQ oqQN
bykdksa vkSj yk[k osQ vDlkbZ&fpu {ks=k ij
frLi/hZ nkoksa osQ pyrs 1962 esa yM+ iM+sA
1962 osQ ;q esa Hkkjr dks lSfud
ijkt; >syuh iM+h vkSj Hkkjr&phu lEcU/ksa
ij bldk nh?kZdkfyd vlj gqvkA 1976
rd nksuksa ns'kksa osQ chp owQVuSfrd laca/
lekIr gh jgsA blosQ ckn /hjs&/hjs nksuksa osQ
chp lEcUkksa esa lq/kj 'kq: gqvkA 1970 osQ
n'kd osQ mkjkZ esa phu dk jktuhfrd
usr`Ro cnykA phu dh uhfr esa Hkh vc
oSpkfjd eqksa dh txg O;kogkfjd eqs eq[k
gksrs x, blfy, phu Hkkjr osQ lkFk laca/

lq/kjus osQ fy, fooknkLin ekeyksa dks NksMu+ s

dks rS;kj gks x;kA 1981 esa lhek fooknksa dks
nwj djus osQ fy, okrkZvksa dh k [a` kyk Hkh 'kq:
dh xbZA
'khr;q dh lekfIr osQ ckn ls Hkkjr&phu
laca/ksa esa egoiw.kZ cnyko vk;k gSA vc
buosQ laca/ksa dk j.kuhfrd gh ugha] vkfFkZd
igyw Hkh gSA nksuksa gh [kqn dks fo'o&jktuhfr
dh mHkjrh 'kfDr ekurs gSa vkSj nksuksa gh
,f'k;k dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj jktuhfr esa
egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuk pkgsaxsA
fnlEcj 1988 esa jktho xka/h }kjk
phu dk nkSjk djus ls Hkkjr&phu lEcUkksa
dks lqkkjus osQ ;klksa dks c<+kok feykA
blosQ ckn ls nksuksa ns'kksa us Vdjko Vkyus
vkSj lhek ij 'kkafr vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr cuk,
j[kus osQ mik;ksa dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA nksuksa
ns'kksa us lkaLfrd vknku&nku] foKku
vkSj rduhd osQ {ks=k esa ijLij lg;ksx vkSj
O;kikj osQ fy, lhek ij pkj iksLV [kksyus
osQ le>kSrs Hkh fd, gSaA 1999 ls Hkkjr vkSj
phu osQ chp O;kikj 30 iQhlnh lkykuk
dh nj ls c<+ jgk gSA blls phu osQ lkFk
laca/ksa esa u;h xeZtks'kh vk;h gSA phu vkSj
Hkkjr osQ chp 1992 esa 33 djksM+ 80 yk[k
MkWyj dk f}i{kh; O;kikj gqvk Fkk tks
2006 esa c<+dj 18 vjc MkWyj dk gks
pqdk gSA gky esa] nksuksa ns'k ,sls elyksa ij
Hkh lg;ksx djus osQ fy,
jkth gq, gSa ftuls nksuksa osQ
chp foHksn iSnk gks ldrs Fks]
phu osQ jk"Vifr gw ftUrkvks us
tSls & fons'kksa esa tkZ lkSnk uoacj 2006 esa Hkkjr dk nkSjk
gkfly djus dk elykA fd;kA bls nkSjs esa ftu
oSf'od /jkry ij Hkkjr vkSj le>kSrksa ij gLrk{kj gq, muosQ
phu us fo'o O;kikj laxBu ckjs esa irk djsaA
tSls varjkZ"Vh; vkfFkZd laxBuksa

62

ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr

pj.k
viuh d{kk dks rhu lewgksa esa ckVksA
gj lewg dks ;wjksih; la?k] vkfl;ku vkSj n{ksl tSls laxBuksa osQ
ckjs esa tkudkfj;k tqVkus dk ftEek lkSaisaA
buesa laxBu osQ ms'; vkSj dkedkt osQ ckjs esa lwpuk,a Hkh gksAa
budh cSBdks]a f'k[kj lEesyuksa dh rLohjsa Hkh tqVkbZ tk ldrh gSAa
gj lewg viuh tkudkfj;k iwjh d{kk osQ lkeus j[ksA

v;kidksa osQ fy,

v;kid bu laLFkkvksa osQ dkedkt ij ;ku osQfUr djsaA

Nk=kksa dk ;ku vlSfud@vkfFkZd laxBuksa dh miyfC/;ksa ij [khapsaA

{ks=kh; vkfFkZd laxBuksa }kjk vius lnL; ns'kksa osQ fodkl esa fuHkkbZ tkus
okyh Hkwfedk dks crk,A

fo'o 'kkafr vkSj lqj{kk osQ oSdfYid utfj, osQ :i esa vkfFkZd laxBuksa dh
c<+rh Hkwfedk osQ fr cPpksa dks tkx:d djsaA

oqQN yksx dgrs gSa fd

phuh eky gekjs ckkkj esa
Hkj tk,xs\ ij os gSa dgk\

osQ laca/ esa ,d tSlh uhfr;k viuk;h gSaA

1998 esa Hkkjr osQ ijek.kq gfFk;kj ijh{k.k
dks oqQN yksxksa us phu ls [krjs osQ esukj
mfpr Bgjk;k FkkA ysfdu blls Hkh nksuksa osQ
chp laioZQ de ugha gqvkA ;g lp gS fd
ikfdLrku osQ ijek.kq gfFk;kj dk;Ze esa Hkh
phu dks ennxkj ekuk tkrk gSA ckaXykns'k
vkSj E;kaekj ls phu osQ lSfud lac/
a kas dks Hkh
nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa Hkkjrh; fgrksa osQ f[kykiQ
ekuk tkrk gSA ij blesa ls dksbZ Hkh eqk nksuksa
eqYdksa esa Vdjko djok nsus yk;d ugha ekuk
tkrkA bl ckr dk ,d ek.k ;g gS fd bu
phtksa osQ cus jgus osQ ckotwn lhek fookn
lqy>kus dh ckrphr vkSj lSU; Lrj ij
lg;ksx dk dk;Ze tkjh gSA phu vkSj Hkkjr

osQ usrk rFkk vf/dkjh vc vDlj u;h

fnYyh vkSj chftax dk nkSjk djrs gSaA blls
nksuksa ns'k ,d&nwljs dks T;knk djhc ls
le>us yxs gSAa ifjogu vkSj lapkj ekxks dh
c<+kskjh] leku vkfFkZd fgr rFkk ,d tSls
oSf'od ljksdkjksa osQ dkj.k Hkkjr vkSj phu
osQ chp laca/ksa dks T;knk ldkjkRed rFkk
etcwr cukus esa enn feyh gSA

lkk osQ oSdfYid osQU

63

tkiku
lksuh] iSuklksfud] oSQuu] lqtqdh] gksaMk] V~;ksVk vkSj ekT+nk tSls fl tkikuh czkaMksa osQ uke
vkius k:j lqusa gksaxsA mPp kS|ksfxdh osQ mRikn cukus osQ fy, buosQ uke e'kgwj gSaA tkiku
osQ ikl kfrd lalk/u de gSa vkSj og T;knkrj dPps eky dk vk;kr djrk gSA blosQ
ckotwn nwljs fo'o;q osQ ckn tkiku us cM+h rsth ls xfr dhA tkiku dh vFkZO;oLFkk fo'o
dh nwljh lcls cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk gSA ,f'k;k osQ ns'kksa esa vosQyk tkiku gh lewg&8 osQ ns'kksa
esa 'kkfey gSA vkcknh osQ fygkt ls fo'o esa tkiku dk LFkku nlok gSA
ijek.kq ce dh foHkhf"kdk >syus okyk ,dek=k ns'k tkiku gSA tkiku la;qDr jk"Vla?k osQ
ctV esa 20 fr'kr dk ;ksxnku djrk gSA la;qDr jk"Vla?k osQ ctV esa va'knku djus osQ
fygkt ls tkiku nwljk lcls cM+k ns'k gSA 1951 ls tkiku dk vejhdk osQ lkFk
lqj{kk&xBcaku gSA tkiku osQ lafo/ku osQ vuqPNsn 9 osQ vuqlkj & ^^jk"V osQ laHkq vfkdkj
osQ :i esa ;q dks rFkk varjkZ"Vh; fooknksa dks lqy>kus esa cy&;ksx vFkok /edh ls dke vklheks] fo'o dk lcls vR;k/qfud
ysus osQ rjhosQ dk tkiku osQ yksx ges'kk osQ fy, R;kx djrs gSAa ** tkiku dk lSU; O;; mlosQ ekuo:ih jkscksVA
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk osQoy 1 fr'kr gS fiQj Hkh lSU; O;; osQ fygkt ls fo'o esa tkiku lzksr% http://nored.honda.com
dk LFkku pkSFkk gSA
bu rF;ksa dks ;ku esa j[kdj vuqeku yxkb, fd oSdfYid 'kfDr&osaQ osQ :i esa tkiku
fdruk Hkkodkjh gksxk\

/kuea=kh eueksgu flag

us 2006 osQ fnlacj esa
tkiku dk nkSjk fd;k
vkSj oqQN le>kSrksa ij
gLrk{kj fd,A buosQ
ckjs esa tkudkjh tqVk,A

2- ^ASEAN way* ;k vkfl;ku 'kSyh D;k gS\

(d) vkfl;ku osQ lnL; ns'kksa dh thou 'kSyh gS
([k) vkfl;ku lnL;ksa osQ vukSipkfjd vkSj lg;ksxiw.kZ dkedkt dh 'kSyh dks dgk tkrk gSA
(x) vkfl;ku lnL;ksa dh j{kkuhfr gSA
(?k) lHkh vkfl;ku lnL; ns'kksa dks tksM+us okyh lM+d gSA

'ukoyh

1- frfFk osQ fglkc ls bu lcdks e nsa &

(d) fo'o O;kikj laxBu esa phu dk os'k
([k) ;wjksih; vkfFkZd leqnk; dh LFkkiuk
(x) ;wjksih; la?k dh LFkkiuk
(?k) vkfl;ku {ks=kh; eap dh LFkkiuk

'ukoyh

64

ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr

3- buesa ls fdlus ^[kqys }kj* dh uhfr viukbZ\

(d) phu ([k) ;wjksih; la?k
(x)

tkiku

(?k)

vejhdk

4- [kkyh LFkku Hkjsa

(d) 1992 esa Hkkjr vkSj phu osQ chp ------------------ vkSj ------------------- dks ysdj lhekorhZ
yM+kbZ gqbZ FkhA
([k) vkfl;ku {ks=kh; eap osQ dkeksa esa -------------------------------------------- vkSj -------------------djuk 'kkfey gSA
(x) phu us 1972 esa ------------------------ osQ lkFk nksrjiQk laca/ 'kq: djosQ viuk
,dkarokl lekIr fd;kA
(?k) ------------------------ ;kstuk osQ Hkko ls 1948 esa ;wjksih; vkfFkZd lg;ksx laxBu
dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
() ------------------------ vkfl;ku dk ,d LrEHk gS tks blosQ lnL; ns'kksa dh lqj{kk osQ
ekeys ns[krk gSA
5- {ks=kh; laxBuksa dks cukus osQ ms'; D;k gSa\
6- HkkSxksfyd fudVrk dk {ks=kh; laxBuksa osQ xBu ij D;k vlj gksrk gS\
7- ^vkfl;ku fotu&2020* dh eq[;&eq[; ckrsa D;k gSa\
8- vkfl;ku leqnk; osQ eq[; LraHkksa vkSj muosQ ms';ksa osQ ckjs esa crk,A
9- vkt dh phuh vFkZO;oLFkk fu;af=kr vFkZO;oOFkk ls fdl rjg vyx gS\
10- fdl rjg ;wjksih; ns'kksa us ;q osQ ckn dh viuh ijs'kkfu;k lqy>kb\ la{ksi esa mu dneksa
dh ppkZ djsa ftuls gksrs gq, ;wjksih; la?k dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
11- ;wjksih; la?k dks D;k phtsa ,d Hkkoh {ks=kh; laxBu cukrh gSaA
12- phu vkSj Hkkjr dh mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa eas ekStwnk ,d/qzoh; fo'o O;oLFkk dks pqukSrh
ns ldus dh {kerk gSA D;k vki bl dFku ls lger gSa\ vius rdks ls vius fopkjksa
dks iq"V djsaA
13- eqYdksa dh 'kkafr vkSj le`f {ks=kh; vkfFkZd laxBuksa dks cukus vkSj etcwr djus ij fVdh
gSA bl dFku dh iqf"V djsaA
14- Hkkjr vkSj phu osQ chp fookn osQ ekeyksa dh igpku djsa vkSj crk, fd o`gkj lg;ksx osQ
fy, bUgsa oSQls fuiVk;k tk ldrk gSA vius lq>ko Hkh nhft,A