HTML Tutorial

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What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.


• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup tags
• HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
• HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
• HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
HTML Documents = Web Pages
• HTML documents describe web pages
• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
• HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents
and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags
to interpret the content of the page:
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph</p>

</body>
</html>
Example Explained
• The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
• The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
• The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
• The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
What You Need
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.
 You don't need any HTML editor
 You don't need a web server
 You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
In this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe this is the best
way to learn HTML.
However, professional web developers often prefer HTML editors like FrontPage or
Dreamweaver, instead of writing plain text.
Create Your Own Test Web
If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test web on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your
desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see
your first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning
We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files
with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will
learn all about it in the next chapters.

HTM or HTML Extension?


When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We use .htm in
our examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in file
extensions.
With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.
Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

Note: The link address is provided as an attribute.


(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial)

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />

Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial)
HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
Start tag * Element content End tag *

<p> This is a paragraph </p>


<a href="default.htm" > This is a link </a>

<br />

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax
• An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
• An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
• The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
• Some HTML elements have empty content
• Empty elements are closed in the start tag
• Most HTML elements can have attributes
(You will learn about element attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial)
Nested HTML Elements
Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Document Example
<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
</body>

</html>

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

Example Explained
The <p> element:
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document


The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>
The element content is: This is my first paragraph
The <body> element:
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
</body>

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document


The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>
The element content is another HTML element (a paragraph)
The <html> element:
<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
</body>

</html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.


The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>
The element content is another HTML element (the body)

Don't Forget the End Tag


Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can
produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.

Empty HTML Elements


HTML elements without content are called empty elements. Empty elements can be closed in the
start tag.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (it defines a line break).
In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, all elements must be closed.
Adding a slash to the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements, accepted
by HTML, XHTML and XML.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags
HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Plenty of web sites use
uppercase HTML tags in their pages.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends
lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in future versions of (X)HTML.
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
• HTML elements can have attributes
• Attributes provide additional information about the element
• Attributes are always specified in the start tag
• Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is provided as an attribute:
Example
<a
href="http://www.w3schools.com">This
is a link</a>

(You will learn about links in a later chapter of this tutorial)

Always Quote Attribute Values


Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
In some rare situations, like when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use
single quotes:
name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes


Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML
4 recommendation
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.
HTML Attributes Reference
A full list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in
our:
Complete HTML Reference
Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most
HTML elements:
Attribute Value Description
class class_rule or The class of the element
style_rule
id id_name A unique id for the element
style style_definition An inline style definition
title tooltip_text A text to display in a tool tip
For more information about standard attributes:
HTML Standard Attributes Reference
Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the smallest
heading.
Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

Try it yourself »
Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and
after headings.

Headings Are Important


Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to
make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and
content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important
to use headings to show the document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2
headings, then less important H3 headings, and so on.

HTML Rules (Lines)


The <hr /> tag is used to create an horizontal rule (line).
Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>

Try it yourself »

HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted in the HTML code to make it more
readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the
browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:
Example
<!-- This is a comment -->

Try it yourself »
Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket,
but not before the closing bracket.

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source


Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did
they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source"
(IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox) or similar for other
browsers. This will open a window that shows you the HTML
code of the page.

Examples From This Page

Headings
This example demonstrates the tags that display headings in an
HTML document.
Hidden comments
This example demonstrates how to insert a hidden comment in
the HTML source code.
Horizontal rule
This example demonstrates how to insert a horizontal rule.

HTML Tag Reference


W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about
these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next
chapters of this tutorial.
Tag Description
<html> Defines an HTML document
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines header 1 to header 6
<hr /> Defines a horizontal rule
<!--> Defines a comment
HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.

HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

Try it yourself »
Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and
after paragraphs.

Don't Forget the End Tag


Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget
the end tag:
Example
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph
Try it yourself »
The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely
on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or
errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end
tags.

HTML Line Breaks


Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without
starting a new paragraph:
Example
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

Try it yourself »
The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end
tag.

<br> or <br />


In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, HTML
elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is
more future proof.

HTML Output - Useful Tips


You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or
small screens, and resized windows will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra
spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the
page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one space, and
any number of spaces count as one space.
Try it yourself
(The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)

Examples From This Page

HTML paragraphs
This example demonstrates how HTML paragraphs are
displayed in a browser.
Line breaks
This example demonstrates the use of line breaks in an HTML
document.
Poem problems
This example demonstrates some problems with HTML
formatting.
More Examples
More paragraphs
This example demonstrates some of the default behaviors of
paragraph elements.

HTML Tag Reference


W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about
HTML elements and their attributes.
Tag Description
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br /> Inserts a single line break
HTML Text Formatting
This text is bold

This text is big

This text is italic

This is computer output

This is subscript and superscript

Try it yourself »

HTML Formatting Tags


HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like
bold or italic text.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags.
Refer to the bottom of this page for a complete reference.

Try it Yourself - Examples

Text formatting
This example demonstrates how you can format text in an
HTML document.
Preformatted text
This example demonstrates how you can control the line breaks
and spaces with the pre tag.
"Computer output" tags
This example demonstrates how different "computer output"
tags will be displayed.
Address
This example demonstrates how to write an address in an HTML
document.
Abbreviations and acronyms
This example demonstrates how to handle an abbreviation or an
acronym.
Text direction
This example demonstrates how to change the text direction.
Quotations
This example demonstrates how to handle long and short
quotations.
Deleted and inserted text
This example demonstrates how to mark a text that is deleted or
inserted to a document.

Text Formatting Tags


Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<big> Defines big text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
<s> Deprecated. Use <del> instead
<strike> Deprecated. Use <del> instead
<u> Deprecated. Use styles instead
"Computer Output" Tags
Tag Description
<code> Defines computer code text
<kbd> Defines keyboard text
<samp> Defines sample computer code
<tt> Defines teletype text
<var> Defines a variable
<pre> Defines preformatted text
<listing> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
<plaintext> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
<xmp> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags
Tag Description
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation
<acronym> Defines an acronym
<address> Defines an address element
<bdo> Defines the text direction
<blockquote> Defines a long quotation
<q> Defines a short quotation
<cite> Defines a citation
<dfn> Defines a definition term
The style attribute is a new HTML attribute. It introduces CSS
to HTML.

Look! Styles and colors


This text is in Verdana and red
This text is in Times and blue
This text is 30 pixels high

Try it yourself

The HTML Style Attribute


The purpose of the style attribute is:
To provide a common way to style all HTML elements.
Styles was introduced with HTML 4, as the new and preferred
way to style HTML elements. With HTML styles, styles can be
added to HTML elements directly by using the style attribute, or
indirectly in separate style sheets (CSS files).
You can learn everything about styles and CSS in our CSS
tutorial.
In our HTML tutorial we use the style attribute to introduce you
to HTML styles.

HTML Style Examples


style="background-color:yellow"
style="font-size:10px"
style="font-family:Times"
style="text-align:center"

Deprecated Tags and Attributes


In HTML 4, some tags and attributes are defined as deprecated.
Deprecated means that they will not be supported in future
versions of HTML and XHTML.
The message is clear: Avoid the use of deprecated tags and
attributes.
These tags and attributes should be avoided:
Tags Description
<center> Defines centered content
<font> and
Defines HTML fonts
<basefont>
<s> and <strike> Defines strikeout text
<u> Defines underlined text
Attributes Description
Defines the alignment of
align
text
Defines the background
bgcolor
color
color Defines the text color

For all the above: Use styles instead.

Style Examples:

Background Color
<body style="background-color:yellow">
The style attribute defines a style for the <body> element.
Try it yourself: Background color
The new style attribute makes the "old" bgcolor attribute
obsolete.
Try it yourself: Background the old way

Font Family, Color and Size


<p style="font-family:courier new; color:red; font-
size:20px">
The style attribute defines a style for the <p> element.
Try it yourself: Font Example
The new style attribute makes the old <font> tag obsolete.
Try it yourself: Fonts the old way

Text Alignment
<h1 style="text-align:center">
The style attribute defines a style for the <h1> element.
Try it yourself: Centered heading
The new style attribute makes the old "align" attribute obsolete.
Try it yourself: Centered heading the old way
A link is the "address" to a document (or a resource) on the web.

Try it Yourself - Examples


HTML links
This example demonstrates how to create links in an HTML
document.
Open a link in a new browser window
This example demonstrates how to link to another page by
opening a new window, so that the visitor does not have to leave
your Web site.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

Hyperlinks, Anchors, and Links


In web terms, a hyperlink is a reference (an address) to a
resource on the web.
Hyperlinks can point to any resource on the web: an HTML
page, an image, a sound file, a movie, etc.
An anchor is a term used to define a hyperlink destination inside
a document.
The HTML anchor element <a>, is used to define both
hyperlinks and anchors.
We will use the term HTML link when the <a> element points
to a resource, and the term HTML anchor when the <a>
elements defines an address inside a document..

An HTML Link
Link syntax:
<a href="url">Link text</a>
The start tag contains attributes about the link.
The element content (Link text) defines the part to be displayed.
Note: The element content doesn't have to be text. You can link
from an image or any other HTML element.
The href Attribute
The href attribute defines the link "address".
This <a> element defines a link to W3Schools:
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools!</a>
The code above will display like this in a browser:
Visit W3Schools!

The target Attribute


The target attribute defines where the linked document will be
opened.
The code below will open the document in a new browser
window:
Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/"
target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

Try it yourself »

The name Attribute


When the name attribute is used, the <a> element defines a
named anchor inside a HTML document.
Named anchor are not displayed in any special way. They are
invisible to the reader.
Named anchor syntax:
<a name="label">Any content</a>
The link syntax to a named anchor:
<a href="#label">Any content</a>
The # in the href attribute defines a link to a named anchor.
Example:
A named anchor inside an HTML document:
<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>
A link to the Useful Tips Section from the same document:
<a href="#tips">
Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>
A link to the Useful Tips Section from another document:
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_tutorial.htm#tips">
Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link
like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will
generate two HTTP requests to the server, because the server
will add a slash to the address and create a new request like this:
href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/"
Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the
beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the
document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these
anchors are put at the top of the document.
If a browser cannot find a named anchor that has been
specified, it goes to the top of the document. No error occurs.

More Examples

An image as a link
This example demonstrates how to use an image as a link.
Link to a location on the same page
This example demonstrates how to use a link to jump to another
part of a document.
Break out of a frame
This example demonstrates how to break out of a frame, if your
site is locked in a frame.
Create a mailto link
This example demonstrates how to link to a mail message (will
only work if you have mail installed).
Create a mailto link 2
This example demonstrates a more complicated mailto link.

Link Tags
Tag Description
<a> Defines an anchor

Example
Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it yourself »
Try it Yourself - Examples

Insert images
This example demonstrates how to insert images to your Web
page.
Insert images from different locations
This example demonstrates how to insert an image from another
folder or another server.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

The Image Tag and the Src Attribute


In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes
only and it has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute.
Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL
of the image you want to display on your page.
The syntax of defining an image:
<img src="url" />
The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An
image named "boat.gif" located in the directory "images" on
"www.w3schools.com" has the URL:
http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.
The browser puts the image where the image tag occurs in the
document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the
browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the
second paragraph.
The Alt Attribute
The alt attribute is used to define an "alternate text" for an
image. The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" />
The "alt" attribute tells the reader what he or she is missing on a
page if the browser can't load images. The browser will then
display the alternate text instead of the image. It is a good
practice to include the "alt" attribute for each image on a page,
to improve the display and usefulness of your document for
people who have text-only browsers.

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required
to display the page right. Loading images take time, so my best
advice is: Use images carefully.

More Examples

Background image
This example demonstrates how to add a background image to
an HTML page.
Aligning images
This example demonstrates how to align an image within the
text.
Let the image float
This example demonstrates how to let an image float to the left
or right of a paragraph.
Adjust images to different sizes
This example demonstrates how to adjust images to different
sizes.
Display an alternate text for an image
This example demonstrates how to display an alternate text for
an image if a browser cannot display the image. You should
always include the alt attribute for images.
Make a hyperlink of an image
This example demonstrates how to use an image as a link.
Create an image map
This example demonstrates how to create an image map, with
clickable regions. Each of the regions is a hyperlink.

Image Tags
Tag Description
<img> Defines an image
<map> Defines an image map
<area> Defines a clickable area inside an image map
HTML Tables
Apples 44%
Bananas 23%
Oranges 13%
Other 10%

Try it Yourself - Examples

Tables
How to define tables in an HTML document.
Table borders
This example demonstrates different table borders.
More examples at the bottom of the page.
Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into
rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells
(with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for "table data," which
is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images,
lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
How it looks in a browser:
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

Tables and the Border Attribute


If you do not specify a border attribute the table will be
displayed without any borders. Sometimes this can be useful,
but most of the time, you want the borders to show.
To display a table with borders, you will have to use the border
attribute:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

Headings in a Table
Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Heading</th>
<th>Another Heading</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
How it looks in a browser:
Heading Another Heading
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

Empty Cells in a Table


Table cells with no content are not displayed very well in most
browsers.
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
How it looks in a browser:
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1
Note that the borders around the empty table cell are missing
(NB! Mozilla Firefox displays the border).
To avoid this, add a non-breaking space (&nbsp;) to empty data
cells, to make the borders visible:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</table>
How it looks in a browser:
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1
Basic Notes - Useful Tips
The <thead>,<tbody> and <tfoot> elements are seldom used,
because of bad browser support. Expect this to change in future
versions of XHTML. If you have Internet Explorer 5.0 or newer,
you can view a working example in our XML tutorial.

More Examples

Table with no border


This example demonstrates a table with no borders.
Headings in a table
This example demonstrates how to display table headers.
Empty cells
This example demonstrates how to use "&nbsp;" to handle cells
that have no content.
Table with a caption
This example demonstrates a table with a caption.
Table cells that span more than one row/column
This example demonstrates how to define table cells that span
more than one row or one column.
Tags inside a table
This example demonstrates how to display elements inside other
elements.
Cell padding
This example demonstrates how to use cellpadding to create
more white space between the cell content and its borders.
Cell spacing
This example demonstrates how to use cellspacing to increase
the distance between the cells.
Add a background color or a background image to a table
This example demonstrates how to add a background to a table.
Add a background color or a background image to a table cell
This example demonstrates how to add a background to one or
more table cells.
Align the content in a table cell
This example demonstrates how to use the "align" attribute to
align the content of cells, to create a "nice-looking" table.
The frame attribute
This example demonstrates how to use the "frame" attribute to
control the borders around the table.
The frame and border attributes
How to use the "frame" and "border" attributes to control the
borders around the table.

Table Tags
Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<th> Defines a table header
<tr> Defines a table row
<td> Defines a table cell
<caption> Defines a table caption
<colgroup>Defines groups of table columns
Defines the attribute values for one or more columns
<col>
in a table
<thead> Defines a table head
<tbody> Defines a table body
<tfoot> Defines a table footer
HTML supports ordered, unordered and definition lists.

HTML Lists
• This is the first
• This is the second
• This is the third

Try-It-Yourself Examples

Unordered list
Ordered list
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

Unordered Lists
An unordered list is a list of items. The list items are marked
with bullets (typically small black circles).
An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts
with the <li> tag.
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
Here is how it looks in a browser:
• Coffee
• Milk
Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images,
links, other lists, etc.
Ordered Lists
An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked
with numbers.
An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with
the <li> tag.
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
Here is how it looks in a browser:
1. Coffee
2. Milk
Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images,
links, other lists, etc.

Definition Lists
A definition list is not a list of single items. It is a list of items
(terms), with a description of each item (term).
A definition list starts with a <dl> tag (definition list).
Each term starts with a <dt> tag (definition term).
Each description starts with a <dd> tag (definition description).
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>Black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>White cold drink</dd>
</dl>
Here is how it looks in a browser:
Coffee
Black hot drink
Milk
White cold drink
Inside the <dd> tag you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images,
links, other lists, etc.

More Examples

Different types of ordered lists


Demonstrates different types of ordered lists.
Different types of unordered Lists
Demonstrates different types of unordered lists.
Nested list
Demonstrates how you can nest lists.
Nested list 2
Demonstrates a more complicated nested list.
Definition list
Demonstrates a definition list.

List Tags
Tag Description
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dl> Defines a definition list
<dt> Defines a term (an item) in a definition list
<dd> Defines a description of a term in a definition list
<dir> Deprecated. Use <ul> instead
<menu> Deprecated. Use <ul> instead
HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

Try-It-Yourself Examples

Text fields
This example demonstrates how to create text fields on an
HTML page. A user can write text in a text field.
Password fields
This example demonstrates how to create a password field on an
HTML page.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

Forms
A form is an area that can contain form elements.
Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter
information (like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus,
radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form.
A form is defined with the <form> tag.
<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>
Input
The most used form tag is the <input> tag. The type of input is
specified with the type attribute. The most commonly used input
types are explained below.
Text Fields
Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters,
numbers, etc. in a form.
<form>
First name:
<input type="text" name="firstname" />
<br />
Last name:
<input type="text" name="lastname" />
</form>
How it looks in a browser:
Top of Form
First name:

Last name:
Bottom of Form
Note that the form itself is not visible. Also note that in most
browsers, the width of the text field is 20 characters by default.
Radio Buttons
Radio Buttons are used when you want the user to select one of
a limited number of choices.
<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" />
Male
<br />
<input type="radio" name="sex"
value="female" /> Female
</form>
How it looks in a browser:
Top of Form
Male

Female
Bottom of Form
Note that only one option can be chosen.
Checkboxes
Checkboxes are used when you want the user to select one or
more options of a limited number of choices.
<form>
I have a bike:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle"
value="Bike" />
<br />
I have a car:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle"
value="Car" />
<br />
I have an airplane:
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle"
value="Airplane" />
</form>
How it looks in a browser:
Top of Form
I have a bike:

I have a car:

I have an airplane:
Bottom of Form

The Form's Action Attribute and the Submit Button


When the user clicks on the "Submit" button, the content of the
form is sent to the server. The form's action attribute defines the
name of the file to send the content to. The file defined in the
action attribute usually does something with the received input.
<form name="input"
action="html_form_submit.asp" method="get">
Username:
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
How it looks in a browser:
Top of Form
Submit

Username:
Bottom of Form
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the
"Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page
called "html_form_submit.asp". The page will show you the
received input.

More Examples
Checkboxes
This example demonstrates how to create check-boxes on an
HTML page. A user can select or unselect a checkbox.
Radio buttons
This example demonstrates how to create radio-buttons on an
HTML page.
Simple drop down box
This example demonstrates how to create a simple drop-down
box on an HTML page. A drop-down box is a selectable list.
Another drop down box
This example demonstrates how to create a simple drop-down
box with a pre-selected value.
Textarea
This example demonstrates how to create a text-area (a multi-
line text input control). A user can write text in the text-area. In
a text-area you can write an unlimited number of characters.
Create a button
This example demonstrates how to create a button. On the
button you can define your own text.
Fieldset around data
This example demonstrates how to draw a border with a caption
around your data.

Form Examples
Form with input fields and a submit button
This example demonstrates how to add a form to a page. The
form contains two input fields and a submit button.
Form with checkboxes
This form contains three checkboxes, and a submit button.
Form with radio buttons
This form contains two radio buttons, and a submit button.
Send e-mail from a form
This example demonstrates how to send e-mail from a form.

Form Tags
Tag Description
<form> Defines a form for user input
<input> Defines an input field
<textare Defines a text-area (a multi-line text
a> input control)
<label> Defines a label to a control
<fieldset Defines a fieldset
>
<legend
Defines a caption for a fieldset
>
Defines a selectable list (a drop-down
<select>
box)
<optgrou
Defines an option group
p>
<option> Defines an option in the drop-down box
<button
Defines a push button
>
<isindex
Deprecated. Use <input> instead
>

Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal (hex) notation for
the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB).
The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is
0 (hex 00). The highest value is 255 (hex FF).
Hex values are written as 3 double digit numbers, starting with a
# sign.
Color Values
Color Color HEX Color RGB
#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)
#00FF00 rgb(0,255,0)
#0000FF rgb(0,0,255)
#FFFF00 rgb(255,255,0)
#00FFFF rgb(0,255,255)
#FF00FF rgb(255,0,255)
#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

Try it yourself »

16 Million Different Colors


The combination of Red, Green and Blue values from 0 to 255
gives a total of more than 16 million different colors to play with
(256 x 256 x 256).
Most modern monitors are capable of displaying at least 16384
different colors.
If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of
varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and
blue light at zero.
To see a full list of color mixes when the red light varies from 0
to 255, click on one of the hex or rgb values below.
Red Light Color HEX Color RGB
#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#080000 rgb(8,0,0)
#100000 rgb(16,0,0)
#180000 rgb(24,0,0)
#200000 rgb(32,0,0)
#280000 rgb(40,0,0)
#300000 rgb(48,0,0)
#380000 rgb(56,0,0)
#400000 rgb(64,0,0)
#480000 rgb(72,0,0)
#500000 rgb(80,0,0)
#580000 rgb(88,0,0)
#600000 rgb(96,0,0)
#680000 rgb(104,0,0)
#700000 rgb(112,0,0)
#780000 rgb(120,0,0)
#800000 rgb(128,0,0)
#880000 rgb(136,0,0)
#900000 rgb(144,0,0)
#980000 rgb(152,0,0)
#A00000 rgb(160,0,0)
#A80000 rgb(168,0,0)
#B00000 rgb(176,0,0)
#B80000 rgb(184,0,0)
#C00000 rgb(192,0,0)
#C80000 rgb(200,0,0)
#D00000 rgb(208,0,0)
#D80000 rgb(216,0,0)
#E00000 rgb(224,0,0)
#E80000 rgb(232,0,0)
#F00000 rgb(240,0,0)
#F80000 rgb(248,0,0)
#FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)
Shades of Gray
Gray colors are displayed using an equal amount of power to all
of the light sources. To make it easier for you to select the right
gray color we have compiled a table of gray shades for you:
Gray Shades Color HEX Color RGB
#000000 rgb(0,0,0)
#080808 rgb(8,8,8)
#101010 rgb(16,16,16)
#181818 rgb(24,24,24)
#202020 rgb(32,32,32)
#282828 rgb(40,40,40)
#303030 rgb(48,48,48)
#383838 rgb(56,56,56)
#404040 rgb(64,64,64)
#484848 rgb(72,72,72)
#505050 rgb(80,80,80)
#585858 rgb(88,88,88)
#606060 rgb(96,96,96)
#686868 rgb(104,104,104)
#707070 rgb(112,112,112)
#787878 rgb(120,120,120)
#808080 rgb(128,128,128)
#888888 rgb(136,136,136)
#909090 rgb(144,144,144)
#989898 rgb(152,152,152)
#A0A0A0 rgb(160,160,160)
#A8A8A8 rgb(168,168,168)
#B0B0B0 rgb(176,176,176)
#B8B8B8 rgb(184,184,184)
#C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
#C8C8C8 rgb(200,200,200)
#D0D0D0 rgb(208,208,208)
#D8D8D8 rgb(216,216,216)
#E0E0E0 rgb(224,224,224)
#E8E8E8 rgb(232,232,232)
#F0F0F0 rgb(240,240,240)
#F8F8F8 rgb(248,248,248)
#FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

Cross-Browser Color Names


A collection of nearly 150 color names are supported by all
major browsers.
View the cross-browser color names

Web Standard Color Names


The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has listed 16 valid
color names for HTML and CSS:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy,
olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.
If you want to use other colors, you should specify their HEX
value.

Web Safe Colors?


Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different
colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web
standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors.
The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that
all computers would display the colors correctly when running a
256 color palette.
This is not important now, since most computers can display
millions of different colors. Anyway here is the list:
000000 000033 000066 000099 0000CC 0000FF
003300 003333 003366 003399 0033CC 0033FF
006600 006633 006666 006699 0066CC 0066FF
009900 009933 009966 009999 0099CC 0099FF
00CC00 00CC33 00CC66 00CC99 00CCCC 00CCFF
00FF00 00FF33 00FF66 00FF99 00FFCC 00FFFF
330000 330033 330066 330099 3300CC 3300FF
333300 333333 333366 333399 3333CC 3333FF
336600 336633 336666 336699 3366CC 3366FF
339900 339933 339966 339999 3399CC 3399FF
33CC00 33CC33 33CC66 33CC99 33CCCC 33CCFF
33FF00 33FF33 33FF66 33FF99 33FFCC 33FFFF
660000 660033 660066 660099 6600CC 6600FF
663300 663333 663366 663399 6633CC 6633FF
666600 666633 666666 666699 6666CC 6666FF
669900 669933 669966 669999 6699CC 6699FF
66CC00 66CC33 66CC66 66CC99 66CCCC 66CCFF
66FF00 66FF33 66FF66 66FF99 66FFCC 66FFFF
990000 990033 990066 990099 9900CC 9900FF
993300 993333 993366 993399 9933CC 9933FF
996600 996633 996666 996699 9966CC 9966FF
999900 999933 999966 999999 9999CC 9999FF
99CC00 99CC33 99CC66 99CC99 99CCCC 99CCFF
99FF00 99FF33 99FF66 99FF99 99FFCC 99FFFF
CC0000 CC0033 CC0066 CC0099 CC00CC CC00FF
CC3300 CC3333 CC3366 CC3399 CC33CC CC33FF
CC6600 CC6633 CC6666 CC6699 CC66CC CC66FF
CC9900 CC9933 CC9966 CC9999 CC99CC CC99FF
CCCC00 CCCC33 CCCC66 CCCC99 CCCCCC CCCCFF
CCFF00 CCFF33 CCFF66 CCFF99 CCFFCC CCFFFF
FF0000 FF0033 FF0066 FF0099 FF00CC FF00FF
FF3300 FF3333 FF3366 FF3399 FF33CC FF33FF
FF6600 FF6633 FF6666 FF6699 FF66CC FF66FF
FF9900 FF9933 FF9966 FF9999 FF99CC FF99FF
FFCC00 FFCC33 FFCC66 FFCC99 FFCCCC FFCCFF
FFFF00 FFFF33 FFFF66 FFFF99 FFFFCC FFFFFF
Color Names Supported by All Browsers
The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by
all major browsers.
You can click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color
as the background-color along with different text colors.

Sorted by Names
Link: Same list sorted by values
Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix
AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix
Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix
Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix
Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix
Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix
Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix
Black #000000 Shades Mix
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix
Blue #0000FF Shades Mix
BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix
Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix
BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix
CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix
Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix
Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix
Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix
CornflowerBlue #6495ED Shades Mix
Cornsilk #FFF8DC Shades Mix
Crimson #DC143C Shades Mix
Cyan #00FFFF Shades Mix
DarkBlue #00008B Shades Mix
DarkCyan #008B8B Shades Mix
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Shades Mix
DarkGray #A9A9A9 Shades Mix
DarkGreen #006400 Shades Mix
DarkKhaki #BDB76B Shades Mix
DarkMagenta #8B008B Shades Mix
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Shades Mix
Darkorange #FF8C00 Shades Mix
DarkOrchid #9932CC Shades Mix
DarkRed #8B0000 Shades Mix
DarkSalmon #E9967A Shades Mix
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Shades Mix
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Shades Mix
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Shades Mix
DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Shades Mix
DarkViolet #9400D3 Shades Mix
DeepPink #FF1493 Shades Mix
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Shades Mix
DimGray #696969 Shades Mix
DodgerBlue #1E90FF Shades Mix
FireBrick #B22222 Shades Mix
FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Shades Mix
ForestGreen #228B22 Shades Mix
Fuchsia #FF00FF Shades Mix
Gainsboro #DCDCDC Shades Mix
GhostWhite #F8F8FF Shades Mix
Gold #FFD700 Shades Mix
GoldenRod #DAA520 Shades Mix
Gray #808080 Shades Mix
Green #008000 Shades Mix
GreenYellow #ADFF2F Shades Mix
HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Shades Mix
HotPink #FF69B4 Shades Mix
IndianRed #CD5C5C Shades Mix
Indigo #4B0082 Shades Mix
Ivory #FFFFF0 Shades Mix
Khaki #F0E68C Shades Mix
Lavender #E6E6FA Shades Mix
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Shades Mix
LawnGreen #7CFC00 Shades Mix
LemonChiffon #FFFACD Shades Mix
LightBlue #ADD8E6 Shades Mix
LightCoral #F08080 Shades Mix
LightCyan #E0FFFF Shades Mix
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Shades Mix
LightGrey #D3D3D3 Shades Mix
LightGreen #90EE90 Shades Mix
LightPink #FFB6C1 Shades Mix
LightSalmon #FFA07A Shades Mix
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Shades Mix
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Shades Mix
LightSlateGray #778899 Shades Mix
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Shades Mix
LightYellow #FFFFE0 Shades Mix
Lime #00FF00 Shades Mix
LimeGreen #32CD32 Shades Mix
Linen #FAF0E6 Shades Mix
Magenta #FF00FF Shades Mix
Maroon #800000 Shades Mix
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Shades Mix
MediumBlue #0000CD Shades Mix
MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Shades Mix
MediumPurple #9370D8 Shades Mix
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Shades Mix
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Shades Mix
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Shades Mix
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Shades Mix
MediumVioletRed #C71585 Shades Mix
MidnightBlue #191970 Shades Mix
MintCream #F5FFFA Shades Mix
MistyRose #FFE4E1 Shades Mix
Moccasin #FFE4B5 Shades Mix
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Shades Mix
Navy #000080 Shades Mix
OldLace #FDF5E6 Shades Mix
Olive #808000 Shades Mix
OliveDrab #6B8E23 Shades Mix
Orange #FFA500 Shades Mix
OrangeRed #FF4500 Shades Mix
Orchid #DA70D6 Shades Mix
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Shades Mix
PaleGreen #98FB98 Shades Mix
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Shades Mix
PaleVioletRed #D87093 Shades Mix
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Shades Mix
PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Shades Mix
Peru #CD853F Shades Mix
Pink #FFC0CB Shades Mix
Plum #DDA0DD Shades Mix
PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Shades Mix
Purple #800080 Shades Mix
Red #FF0000 Shades Mix
RosyBrown #BC8F8F Shades Mix
RoyalBlue #4169E1 Shades Mix
SaddleBrown #8B4513 Shades Mix
Salmon #FA8072 Shades Mix
SandyBrown #F4A460 Shades Mix
SeaGreen #2E8B57 Shades Mix
SeaShell #FFF5EE Shades Mix
Sienna #A0522D Shades Mix
Silver #C0C0C0 Shades Mix
SkyBlue #87CEEB Shades Mix
SlateBlue #6A5ACD Shades Mix
SlateGray #708090 Shades Mix
Snow #FFFAFA Shades Mix
SpringGreen #00FF7F Shades Mix
SteelBlue #4682B4 Shades Mix
Tan #D2B48C Shades Mix
Teal #008080 Shades Mix
Thistle #D8BFD8 Shades Mix
Tomato #FF6347 Shades Mix
Turquoise #40E0D0 Shades Mix
Violet #EE82EE Shades Mix
Wheat #F5DEB3 Shades Mix
White #FFFFFF Shades Mix
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Shades Mix
Yellow #FFFF00 Shades Mix
YellowGreen #9ACD32 Shades Mix
Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.
The W3C HTML and CSS standards have listed only 16 valid
color names:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy,
olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.
If you want valid HTML or CSS use the HEX values instead.
Color Names Supported by All Browsers
The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by
all major browsers.
You can click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color
as the background-color along with different text colors.
Sorted by HEX Value
Link: Same list sorted by names
Color Name HEX Color Shades Mix
Black #000000 Shades Mix
Navy #000080 Shades Mix
DarkBlue #00008B Shades Mix
MediumBlue #0000CD Shades Mix
Blue #0000FF Shades Mix
DarkGreen #006400 Shades Mix
Green #008000 Shades Mix
Teal #008080 Shades Mix
DarkCyan #008B8B Shades Mix
DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Shades Mix
DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Shades Mix
MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Shades Mix
Lime #00FF00 Shades Mix
SpringGreen #00FF7F Shades Mix
Aqua #00FFFF Shades Mix
Cyan #00FFFF Shades Mix
MidnightBlue #191970 Shades Mix
DodgerBlue #1E90FF Shades Mix
LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Shades Mix
ForestGreen #228B22 Shades Mix
SeaGreen #2E8B57 Shades Mix
DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Shades Mix
LimeGreen #32CD32 Shades Mix
MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Shades Mix
Turquoise #40E0D0 Shades Mix
RoyalBlue #4169E1 Shades Mix
SteelBlue #4682B4 Shades Mix
DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Shades Mix
MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Shades Mix
Indigo #4B0082 Shades Mix
DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Shades Mix
CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Shades Mix
CornflowerBlue #6495ED Shades Mix
MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Shades Mix
DimGray #696969 Shades Mix
SlateBlue #6A5ACD Shades Mix
OliveDrab #6B8E23 Shades Mix
SlateGray #708090 Shades Mix
LightSlateGray #778899 Shades Mix
MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Shades Mix
LawnGreen #7CFC00 Shades Mix
Chartreuse #7FFF00 Shades Mix
Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Shades Mix
Maroon #800000 Shades Mix
Purple #800080 Shades Mix
Olive #808000 Shades Mix
Gray #808080 Shades Mix
SkyBlue #87CEEB Shades Mix
LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Shades Mix
BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Shades Mix
DarkRed #8B0000 Shades Mix
DarkMagenta #8B008B Shades Mix
SaddleBrown #8B4513 Shades Mix
DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Shades Mix
LightGreen #90EE90 Shades Mix
MediumPurple #9370D8 Shades Mix
DarkViolet #9400D3 Shades Mix
PaleGreen #98FB98 Shades Mix
DarkOrchid #9932CC Shades Mix
YellowGreen #9ACD32 Shades Mix
Sienna #A0522D Shades Mix
Brown #A52A2A Shades Mix
DarkGray #A9A9A9 Shades Mix
LightBlue #ADD8E6 Shades Mix
GreenYellow #ADFF2F Shades Mix
PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Shades Mix
LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Shades Mix
PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Shades Mix
FireBrick #B22222 Shades Mix
DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Shades Mix
MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Shades Mix
RosyBrown #BC8F8F Shades Mix
DarkKhaki #BDB76B Shades Mix
Silver #C0C0C0 Shades Mix
MediumVioletRed #C71585 Shades Mix
IndianRed #CD5C5C Shades Mix
Peru #CD853F Shades Mix
Chocolate #D2691E Shades Mix
Tan #D2B48C Shades Mix
LightGrey #D3D3D3 Shades Mix
PaleVioletRed #D87093 Shades Mix
Thistle #D8BFD8 Shades Mix
Orchid #DA70D6 Shades Mix
GoldenRod #DAA520 Shades Mix
Crimson #DC143C Shades Mix
Gainsboro #DCDCDC Shades Mix
Plum #DDA0DD Shades Mix
BurlyWood #DEB887 Shades Mix
LightCyan #E0FFFF Shades Mix
Lavender #E6E6FA Shades Mix
DarkSalmon #E9967A Shades Mix
Violet #EE82EE Shades Mix
PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Shades Mix
LightCoral #F08080 Shades Mix
Khaki #F0E68C Shades Mix
AliceBlue #F0F8FF Shades Mix
HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Shades Mix
Azure #F0FFFF Shades Mix
SandyBrown #F4A460 Shades Mix
Wheat #F5DEB3 Shades Mix
Beige #F5F5DC Shades Mix
WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Shades Mix
MintCream #F5FFFA Shades Mix
GhostWhite #F8F8FF Shades Mix
Salmon #FA8072 Shades Mix
AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Shades Mix
Linen #FAF0E6 Shades Mix
LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Shades Mix
OldLace #FDF5E6 Shades Mix
Red #FF0000 Shades Mix
Fuchsia #FF00FF Shades Mix
Magenta #FF00FF Shades Mix
DeepPink #FF1493 Shades Mix
OrangeRed #FF4500 Shades Mix
Tomato #FF6347 Shades Mix
HotPink #FF69B4 Shades Mix
Coral #FF7F50 Shades Mix
Darkorange #FF8C00 Shades Mix
LightSalmon #FFA07A Shades Mix
Orange #FFA500 Shades Mix
LightPink #FFB6C1 Shades Mix
Pink #FFC0CB Shades Mix
Gold #FFD700 Shades Mix
PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Shades Mix
NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Shades Mix
Moccasin #FFE4B5 Shades Mix
Bisque #FFE4C4 Shades Mix
MistyRose #FFE4E1 Shades Mix
BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Shades Mix
PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Shades Mix
LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Shades Mix
SeaShell #FFF5EE Shades Mix
Cornsilk #FFF8DC Shades Mix
LemonChiffon #FFFACD Shades Mix
FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Shades Mix
Snow #FFFAFA Shades Mix
Yellow #FFFF00 Shades Mix
LightYellow #FFFFE0 Shades Mix
Ivory #FFFFF0 Shades Mix
White #FFFFFF Shades Mix
Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard.
The W3C HTML and CSS standards have listed only 16 valid
color names:
aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy,
olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.
If you want valid HTML or CSS use the HEX values instead.
HTML Quick List from W3Schools. Print it, fold it, and put it in
your pocket.

HTML Basic Document


<html>
<head>
<title>Document name goes here</title>
</head>
<body>
Visible text goes here...
</body>
</html>
Heading Elements
<h1>Largest Heading</h1>
<h2> . . . </h2>
<h3> . . . </h3>
<h4> . . . </h4>
<h5> . . . </h5>
<h6>Smallest Heading</h6>
Text Elements
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<br /> (line break)
<hr /> (horizontal rule)
<pre>This text is preformatted</pre>
Logical Styles
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
<strong>This text is strong</strong>
<code>This is some computer code</code>
Physical Styles
<b>This text is bold</b>
<i>This text is italic</i>
Links, Anchors, and Image Elements
<a href="http://www.example.com/">This is a
Link</a>
<a href="http://www.example.com/"><img
src="URL" alt="Alternate Text"></a>
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send
e-mail</a>
A named anchor:
<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>
<a href="#tips">Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>
Unordered list
<ul>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Next item</li>
</ul>
Ordered list
<ol>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Next item</li>
</ol>
Definition list
<dl>
<dt>First term</dt>
<dd>Definition</dd>
<dt>Next term</dt>
<dd>Definition</dd>
</dl>
Tables
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Tableheader</th>
<th>Tableheader</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sometext</td>
<td>sometext</td>
</tr>
</table>
Frames
<frameset cols="25%,75%">
<frame src="page1.htm" />
<frame src="page2.htm" />
</frameset>
Forms
<form action="http://www.example.com/test.asp"
method="post/get">
<input type="text" name="email"
value="[email protected]" size="40" maxlength="50" />
<input type="password" />
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />
<input type="radio" checked="checked" />
<input type="submit" />
<input type="reset" />
<input type="hidden" />

<select>
<option>Apples</option>
<option selected="selected">Bananas</option>
<option>Cherries</option>
</select>
<textarea name="comment" rows="60" cols="20"></textarea>

</form>
Entities
&lt; is the same as <
&gt; is the same as >
&#169; is the same as ©
Other Elements
<!-- This is a comment -->
<blockquote>
Text quoted from a source.
</blockquote>
<address>
Written by W3Schools.com<br />
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">Email us</a><br />
Address: Box 564, Disneyland<br />
Phone: +12 34 56 78
</address>
Source : http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_quick.asp
Everywhere on the Web you will find pages that are formatted
like newspaper pages using HTML columns.

HTML Layout - Using Tables


One very common practice An HTML <table> is used to
with HTML, is to use HTML divide a part of this Web page
tables to format the layout of into two columns.
an HTML page. The trick is to use a table
A part of this page is without borders, and maybe a
formatted with two columns, little extra cell-padding.
like a newspaper page. No matter how much text you
As you can see on this page, add to this page, it will stay
there is a left column and a inside its column borders.
right column.
This text is displayed in the
left column.

Same Layout - Color Added


One very common practice An HTML <table> is used to
with HTML, is to use HTML divide a part of this Web page
tables to format the layout of into two columns.
an HTML page. This text is displayed in the
A part of this page is right column.
formatted with two columns, The trick is to use a table
like a newspaper page. without borders, and maybe a
As you can see at this page, little extra cell-padding.
there is a left column and a No matter how much text you
right column. add to this page, it will stay
inside its column borders.

Examples
Dividing a part of an HTML page into table columns is very
easy to do. To let you experiment with it, we have put together
this simple example.

HTML Joke
Student: "How do you spell HTML?"
With frames, you can display more than one Web page in the
same browser window.

Examples
Vertical frameset
This example demonstrates how to make a vertical frameset
with three different documents.
Horizontal frameset
This example demonstrates how to make a horizontal frameset
with three different documents.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)
Frames
With frames, you can display more than one HTML document
in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a
frame, and each frame is independent of the others.
The disadvantages of using frames are:
• The web developer must keep track of more HTML
documents
• It is difficult to print the entire page

The Frameset Tag


• The <frameset> tag defines how to divide the window into
frames
• Each frameset defines a set of rows or columns

• The values of the rows/columns indicate the amount of


screen area each row/column will occupy

The Frame Tag


• The <frame> tag defines what HTML document to put into
each frame
In the example below we have a frameset with two columns.
The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser
window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the
browser window. The HTML document "frame_a.htm" is put
into the first column, and the HTML document "frame_b.htm" is
put into the second column:
<frameset cols="25%,75%">
<frame src="frame_a.htm">
<frame src="frame_b.htm">
</frameset>
Note: The frameset column size value can also be set in pixels
(cols="200,500"), and one of the columns can be set to use the
remaining space (cols="25%,*").

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging
the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add
noresize="noresize" to the <frame> tag.
Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support
frames.
Important: You cannot use the <body></body> tags together
with the <frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a
<noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not
support frames, you will have to enclose the text in
<body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example
below.

More Examples
How to use the <noframes> tag
This example demonstrates how to use the <noframes> tag.
Mixed frameset
This example demonstrates how to make a frameset with three
documents, and how to mix them in rows and columns.
Frameset with noresize="noresize"
This example demonstrates the noresize attribute. The frames
are not resizable. Move the mouse over the borders between the
frames and notice that you can not move the borders.
Navigation frame
This example demonstrates how to make a navigation frame.
The navigation frame contains a list of links with the second
frame as the target. The file called "tryhtml_contents.htm"
contains three links. The source code of the links:
<a href ="frame_a.htm" target ="showframe">Frame a</a><br>
<a href ="frame_b.htm" target ="showframe">Frame b</a><br>
<a href ="frame_c.htm" target ="showframe">Frame c</a>
The second frame will show the linked document.
Inline frame
This example demonstrates how to create an inline frame (a
frame inside an HTML page).
Jump to a specified section within a frame
This example demonstrates two frames. One of the frames has a
source to a specified section in a file. The specified section is
made with <a name="C10"> in the "link.htm" file.
Jump to a specified section with frame navigation
This example demonstrates two frames. The navigation frame
(content.htm) to the left contains a list of links with the second
frame (link.htm) as a target. The second frame shows the linked
document. One of the links in the navigation frame is linked to a
specified section in the target file. The HTML code in the file
"content.htm" looks like this: <a href ="link.htm" target
="showframe">Link without Anchor</a><br><a href
="link.htm#C10" target ="showframe">Link with Anchor</a>.

Frame Tags
Tag Description
<frameset> Defines a set of frames
<frame> Defines a sub window (a frame)
Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not
<noframes>
handle frames
<iframe> Defines an inline sub window (frame)
The <font> tag in HTML is deprecated. It is supposed to be
removed in a future version of HTML.
Even if a lot of people are using it, you should try to avoid it,
and use styles instead.

The HTML <font> Tag


With HTML code like this, you can specify both the size and the
type of the browser output :
Example
<p>
<font size="2" face="Verdana">
This is a paragraph.
</font>
</p>

<p>
<font size="3" face="Times">
This is another paragraph.
</font>
</p>

Try it yourself »

Font Attributes
Attribute Example Purpose
size="number" size="2" Defines the font size
size="+number" size="+1" Increases the font size
size="-number" size="-1" Decreases the font size
face="face-name" face="Times" Defines the font-name
color="color-value" color="#eeff00" Defines the font color
color="color-name" color="red" Defines the font color

The <font> Tag Should NOT be Used


The <font> tag is deprecated in the latest versions of HTML
(HTML 4 and XHTML).
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed the
<font> tag from its recommendations. In future versions of
HTML, style sheets (CSS) will be used to define the layout and
display properties of HTML elements.

The Right Way to Do It - With Styles


Set the font of text
This example demonstrates how to set the font of a text.
Set the font size of text
This example demonstrates how to set the font size of a text.
Set the font color of text
This example demonstrates how to set the color of a text.
Set the font, font size, and font color of text
This example demonstrates how to set the font, font size, and
font color of a text.

Where to Learn More About Style Sheets?


First off: Finish the last chapters in our HTML tutorial !!! In the
following chapters we will explain why some tags, like <font>,
are to be removed from the HTML recommendations, and how
to insert a style sheet in an HTML document.
To learn more about style sheets: Study our CSS Tutorial.
HTML 3.2 Was Very Wrong !
The original HTML was never intended to contain tags for
formatting a document. HTML tags were intended to define the
content of the document like:
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
When tags like <font> and color attributes were added to the
HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web
developers. Development of large web sites where fonts and
color information had to be added to every single Web page,
became a long, expensive and unduly painful process.

What is so Great About HTML 4.0 ?


In HTML 4.0 all formatting can be removed from the HTML
document and stored in a separate style sheet.
Because HTML 4.0 separates the presentation from the
document structure, we have what we always needed: Total
control of presentation layout without messing up the document
content.

What Should You do About it ?


Do not use presentation attributes inside your HTML tags if you
can avoid it. Start using styles! Please read our CSS tutorial to
learn about style sheets.
Do not use deprecated tags. Visit our complete HTML 4.01
Reference to see which tags and attributes that are deprecated.

Prepare Yourself for XHTML


XHTML is the "new" HTML. The most important thing you can
do is to start writing valid HTML 4.01. Also start writing your
tags in lower case. Always close your tag elements. Never end a
paragraph without </p>.
NOTE: The official HTML 4.01 recommends the use of lower
case tags.
If you want to read about how this web site was converted to
XHTML, please visit our XHTML tutorial.

Validate Your HTML Files as HTML 4.01


An HTML document is validated against a Document Type
Definition (DTD). Before an HTML file can be properly
validated, a correct DTD must be added as the first line of the
file.
The HTML 4.01 Strict DTD includes elements and attributes
that have not been deprecated or do not appear in framesets:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
The HTML 4.01 Transitional DTD includes everything in the
strict DTD plus deprecated elements and attributes:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
The HTML 4.01 Frameset DTD includes everything in the
transitional DTD plus frames as well:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

Test Your HTML With the W3C Validator


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Input your page address in the box below
(like http://www.w3schools.com/)

With HTML 4.0 all formatting can be moved out of the HTML
document and into a separate style sheet.

Examples
Styles in HTML
This example demonstrates how to format an HTML document
with style information added to the <head> section.
Link that is not underlined
This example demonstrates how to make a link that is not
underlined, using a style attribute.
Link to an external style sheet
This example demonstrates how to use the <link> tag to link to
an external style sheet.

How to Use Styles


When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document
according to it. There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
External Style Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many
pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of
an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to
the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside
the head section.
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="mystyle.css">
</head>

Internal Style Sheet


An internal style sheet should be used when a single document
has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section
with the <style> tag.
<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color: red}
p {margin-left: 20px}
</style>
</head>

Inline Styles
An inline style should be used when a unique style is to be
applied to a single occurrence of an element.
To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag.
The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example
shows how to change the color and the left margin of a
paragraph:
<p style="color: red; margin-left: 20px">
This is a paragraph
</p>
To learn more about styles, visit our CSS tutorial.
Style Tags
Tag Description
<style> Defines a style definition
<link> Defines a resource reference
<div> Defines a section in a document
<span> Defines a section in a document
<font> Deprecated. Use styles instead
<basefont> Deprecated. Use styles instead
<center> Deprecated. Use styles instead

« Previous
With HTML 4.0 all formatting can be moved out of the HTML
document and into a separate style sheet.

Examples
Styles in HTML
This example demonstrates how to format an HTML document
with style information added to the <head> section.
Link that is not underlined
This example demonstrates how to make a link that is not
underlined, using a style attribute.
Link to an external style sheet
This example demonstrates how to use the <link> tag to link to
an external style sheet.
How to Use Styles
When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document
according to it. There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
External Style Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many
pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of
an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to
the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside
the head section.
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="mystyle.css">
</head>

Internal Style Sheet


An internal style sheet should be used when a single document
has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section
with the <style> tag.
<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color: red}
p {margin-left: 20px}
</style>
</head>
Inline Styles
An inline style should be used when a unique style is to be
applied to a single occurrence of an element.
To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag.
The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example
shows how to change the color and the left margin of a
paragraph:
<p style="color: red; margin-left: 20px">
This is a paragraph
</p>
To learn more about styles, visit our CSS tutorial.

Style Tags
Tag Description
<style> Defines a style definition
<link> Defines a resource reference
<div> Defines a section in a document
<span> Defines a section in a document
<font> Deprecated. Use styles instead
<basefont> Deprecated. Use styles instead
<center> Deprecated. Use styles instead

Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with character


entities.
Character Entities
Some characters are reserved in HTML. For example, you
cannot use the greater than or less than signs within your text
because the browser could mistake them for markup.
If we want the browser to actually display these characters we
must insert character entities in the HTML source.
A character entity looks like this: &entity_name; OR
&#entity_number;
To display a less than sign we must write: &lt; or &#60;
The advantage of using an entity name instead of a number is
that the name often is easier to remember. However, the
disadvantage is that browsers may not support all entity names
(while the support for entity numbers is very good).

Non-breaking Space
The most common character entity in HTML is the non-
breaking space.
Normally HTML will truncate spaces in your text. If you write
10 spaces in your text HTML will remove 9 of them. To add lots
of spaces to your text, use the &nbsp; character entity.

Try It Yourself
This example lets you experiment with character entities: Try it
yourself

Commonly Used Character Entities


Note Entity names are case sensitive!
Result Description Entity Name Entity Number
non-breaking space &nbsp; &#160;
< less than &lt; &#60;
> greater than &gt; &#62;
& ampersand &amp; &#38;
¢ cent &cent; &#162;
£ pound &pound; &#163;
¥ yen &yen; &#165;
€ euro &euro; &#8364;
§ section &sect; &#167;
© copyright &copy; &#169;
® registered trademark &reg; &#174;
For a complete reference of all character entities, visit our
HTML Entities Reference.
Examples
The title of a document
The title information inside a head element is not displayed in
the browser window.
One target for all links
This example demonstrates how to use the base tag to let all the
links on a page open in a new window.

The Head Element


The head element contains general information, also called
meta-information, about a document. Meta means "information
about".
You can say that meta-data means information about data, or
meta-information means information about information.

Information Inside the Head Element


The elements inside the head element should not be displayed by
a browser.
According to the HTML standard, only a few tags are legal
inside the head section. These are: <base>, <link>, <meta>,
<title>, <style>, and <script>.
Look at the following illegal construct:
<head>
<p>This is some text</p>
</head>
In this case the browser has two options:
• Display the text because it is inside a paragraph element
• Hide the text because it is inside a head element
If you put an HTML element like <h1> or <p> inside a head
element like this, most browsers will display it, even if it is
illegal.
Should browsers forgive you for errors like this? We don't think
so. Others do.

Head Tags
Tag Description
<head> Defines information about the document
<title> Defines the document title
<base> Defines a base URL for all the links on a page
<link> Defines a resource reference
<meta> Defines meta information

Tag Description
<!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type. This tag goes before
the <html> start tag.
Examples
Document description
Information inside a meta element describes the document.
Document keywords
Information inside a meta element describes the document's
keywords.
Redirect a user
This example demonstrates how to redirect a user if your site
address has changed.

The Meta Element


As we explained in the previous chapter, the head element
contains general information (meta-information) about a
document.
HTML also includes a meta element that goes inside the head
element. The purpose of the meta element is to provide meta-
information about the document.
Most often the meta element is used to provide information that
is relevant to browsers or search engines like describing the
content of your document.
Note: W3C states that "Some user agents support the use of
META to refresh the current page after a specified number of
seconds, with the option of replacing it by a different URI.
Authors should not use this technique to forward users to
different pages, as this makes the page inaccessible to some
users. Instead, automatic page forwarding should be done using
server-side redirects" at
http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/struct/global.html#adef-http-
equiv.
Keywords for Search Engines
Some search engines on the WWW will use the name and
content attributes of the meta tag to index your pages.
This meta element defines a description of your page:
<meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on
HTML, CSS, XML, and XHTML" />
This meta element defines keywords for your page:
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, DHTML, CSS,
XML, XHTML, JavaScript" />
The intention of the name and content attributes is to describe
the content of a page.
However, since too many webmasters have used meta tags for
spamming, like repeating keywords to give pages a higher
ranking, some search engines have stopped using them entirely.
You can read more about search engines in our Web Building
Tutorial.

Unknown Meta Attributes


Sometimes you will see meta attributes that are unknown to you
like this:
<meta name="security" content="low" />
Then you just have to accept that this is something unique to the
site or to the author of the site, and that it has probably no
relevance to you.
You can see a complete list of the meta element attributes in our
Complete HTML 4.01 Tag Reference.
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