0

FLOATING ROOFS1 - DESIGN DATA .

Design Code .
Customer Specification.

API 650 , 11th Edition.

Design Specific Gravity .

Product Specific Gravity.

G=

0.9500
0.9500

Tank Internal Diameter ( at V1 ) Shell Height .

Design Height.

D=
HT =
H=

302.82
70.21
65.85

Distance between floating roof and shell.

Width of pontoon.
Number of external compartment.

Lw =
n=

9.84
248.03
44

Height of pontoons under the deck level Total height of the pontoons ( external side ) Maximal height from top of pontoons to top angle.

hp =
hpt =
hpta =

6.50
41.73
37.60

Weight of floating roof with appurtenances -

Wr =

1,109,487

2- FLOATING ROOF BUOYANCY 2.1 - BUOYANCY OF THE SINGLE-DECK FLOATING ROOF.

( API 650 Appendix C - C.3.4 ) The floating roof shall have sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat on a liquid with
specific gravity 0,7 , and with primary drains inoperative to the following
conditions:
1. Simple-deck and any two adjacents pontoon compartments punctured with no
water or live load ( C.3.4.1.b ) .
2. 10 inches of rainfall in a 24-hour period with the roofs intacts ( C.3.4.1.a ).
2.1.1 - SINGLE-DECK AND TWO ADJACENT COMPARTMENTS PUNCTURED.

hpta

2a
C

R1

hp

hpt

R2

Lw

hpt

hp

d
R1

Lw

External radius of the floating roof.

Radius of the single-deck.

R1 =
R2 =

150.5906
129.9213

Half-angle of the circular sector of non-punctured

external compartment.
= (360 - ( 720 / 2 n ))/2

171.82

Floating surface area.

S = x ( R12 - R22 )

S=

17386.9428

C = Center of gravity of the floating surface.

Distance from C to the center of the roof O :
d = (( 2/3 ) * SIN () * (( R13 ) - (R23 ))) / S

d=

6.6682

Iyy =

163867077.20

Izz =

163093963.32

Moment of inertia of the ffloating surface / axis YY .

Iyy = (R14 - R24) * ( + SIN () * COS ()) / 4

Moment of inertia of the floating surface / axis ZZ

Izz = Iyy - S * ( d2 )

Plunging of the roof is divided into 2 parts:

- Uniform plunging due to the roof weight.
- Inclination due to the horizontal excentricity of the center of buoyancy B
compared with the center of gravity G - As B is on the same vertical line as C and G
as O , the excentricity is equal to "d" calculated above.
Uniform submerging :
Design specific gravity ( API 650 & C.3.4.1 ) .
Displaced volume :
V = Wr / (0.7 * 62.4)

0.7000

V=

25400.33

V1 =

5051.30

Uniform submerging of roof measured above the deck

.
c = ( V - V1 ) / S

c=

1.1704

Corresponding displaced volume .

V2 = V - V 1

V2 =

20349.03

z(M) =

6420.94

Volume in pontoons below the level of the deck.

V1 = (R1 - R2 ) * ( hp / (12 x 12 x 2 )) * (( 2 * PI* (R 1 (( R1-R2 ) / 3))))

Vertical positon of the metacenter M ( center of

rotation ).
z(M) = Izz / V

The inclination is given by the equilibrium of

moments between weight ( applied in G ) and thrust
( applied in B ).
z(M) * SIN(i) = d .

SIN (i) =
i=

Maximal submerging of the roof .

( hp + c + ( R1 x SIN (i))
Maximal Submerging of the Roof < hpt is OK

0.0010
0.0595

1.8681

Minimal submerging of the roof .

( measured from the bottom of the pontoon ) .
( hp + c - ( R1 x SIN (i))
Minimal Submerging of the Roof > 0 is OK

1.5553

G
O

2.1.2 - ROOF INTACT WITH 10 INCHES OF WATER IN THE DECK.

Total height of water on the roof .

hw =

10.00

Weight of water on the roof .

Ww = ( PI() x R22 ) x hw x 62.40

Ww =

2,757,488

Displaced Volume .
V = ( Wr + Ww ) / ( 0.7 x 62.40 )

V =

88529.64

Floating Surface Area .

St = PI() x ( R12 )

St =

71243.51

c=

1.1717

Corresponding height of submerging above the deck.

c= ( V - V1 ) / St
Maximal submerging of the roof .
( Measured from the bottom of the pontoon ).
hp + c

1.7131

Maximal Submerging of the Roof < hpt is OK

2.1.3 - CHECKING OF DESIGN HEIGHT OF LIQUID IN SERVICE.

Weight of floating roof with appurtenances.

Wr =

1109487

Displaced Volume .
V = Wr / ( G x 62.40 )

V=

18716.04

Volume in pontoons below the level of the deck.

V1 =

5051.30

Floating Surface Area .

St =

71243.51

Submerging of roof measured above the deck .

c = ( V - V 1 ) / St

c=

0.1918

Submerging of the roof in service .

hp + c
Submerging of the roof in service < hpt is OK

0.7331

Maximal height of liquid.

HT - hpta - hpt + ( hp + c )

64.3322

Maximal height of liquid in service < H is OK

2.1.4 - CHECKING OF DESIGN HEIGHT IN HYDROSTATIC TEST .

Weight of floating roof with appurtenances.

Wr =

1109487

Specific gravity for water -

Gw =

1.0000

Displaced Volume .
V = Wr / ( 1 x 62.40 )

V=

17780.23

Volume in pontoons below the level of the deck.

V1 =

5051.30

Floating Surface Area .

St =

71243.51

Submerging of roof measured above the deck .

c = ( V - V 1 ) / St

c=

0.1787

Submerging of the roof in service .

hp + c

0.7200

Submerging of the roof in service < hpt is OK

Maximal height of liquid.
HT - hpta - hpt + ( hp + c )
Maximal height of liquid in service < H is OK

64.3191

THE FLOATING ROOF HAS A SUFFICIENT BUOYANCY

3 - FLOATING ROOF SUPPORTS.

3.1 - DETERMINATION OF LOADS ON THE LEGS.
( As per drawings .)
External radius of the floating roof.
Radius of the single-deck.

R1 =
R2 =

150.5906
129.9213

1 - Support Radius.

ft.
mm.

Radius 8
147.0801
44,830

Radius 7
133.4646
40,680

Radius 6
108.4843
33,066

1 - Support Radius.

ft.
mm.

Rang 8
147.0801
44,830

Rang 7
133.4646
40,680

Rang 6
108.4843
33,066

147.0801
44830
150.5906
45900.00

133.4646
40680
140.2723
42755.00

108.4843
33066
120.9744
36873.00

2 - Supported Section :
0.0000

0uter Radius .

ft.
mm.

150.5906
45,900

140.2723
42,755

120.9744
36,873

Inner Radius .

ft.
mm.

140.2723
42,755

120.9744
36,873

97.6640
29,768

ft.
mm.

10.3182
3,145

19.2979
5,882

23.3104
7,105

Lw =

20.6693

Outer Radius - Inner Radius =

hpta

2a
C

hpt

R2

hpta

2a
C

hp

hpt

R2

R1

Lw

Roof Area
Deck Area

ft
mm
ft
mm

Section 8
140.27
42,755

Section 7
129.92
39,600
120.97
36,873

Section 6

97.66
29,768

2-1 Roof Area.

ft.2
m2.

9428.53
875.94

8786.37
816.28

0.00
0.00

2-2 Deck Area.

ft.2
m.2

0.00
0.00

7052.01
655.15

16011.26
1487.49

25 lb/ft2 =
1N=

1197
0.2248

3- Uniform live load. ( API 650 &

C.10.3.2 ) = 25 lb/ft2 .

N.
lbf.

3-1 Roof Area .

lb.
N.

235713
1048505

219659
977093

0
0

3-2 Deck .

lb.
N.

0
0

176300
784223

400282
1780541

4-1 Roof.

lb.
N.

272068
1210219

247824
1102375

0
0

4-2 Deck.

lb.
N.

0
0

57577
256114

130725
581496

4-3 Roof Stiffeners.

lb.
N.

0
0

0
0

0
0

4-4 Deck Stiffeners.

lb.
N.

0
0

0
0

35409
157505

4-5 Rolling Ladder ( Over deck. ).

lb.
N.

0
0

0
0

0
0

4-6 Appurtenances .

lb.

4 - Weights. ( As per drawings. )

Total Weight ( Dead Loads ) .

N.

lb.
N.

272068
1210219

305400
1358489

166134
739001

lb.
N.

507781
2258724

701360
3119805

566416
2519542

44

44

60

5- Live Loads + Dead Loads.

Total Weight.

6- Number of Supports.
7- Weight of a Support.

lb.
N.

147
655

147
655

212
945

8- Total Weight. ( Item 5 + ( Item 7 x

Item 6 )) .

lb.
N.

514260
2287544

707839
3148625

579162
2576242

9- Total Load per Support.

lb.
N.

11688
51990

16087
71560

9653
42937

Maximum load on a pontoon support :

MLP =

16087

Maximum load on a deck support :

MLD =

10654

3.2 - CHECKING OF DECK SUPPORTS.

Checking of the legs in compression.
The checking is made in compression as per API 650 & AISC .
Material for Column.
Supporting Leg.
Diameter .
Thickness ( ordered ).
Corrosion.
Minimal Thickness in Operation.
Section .
Moment of Inertia.
Radius of Gyration.
Tensile Strength of Column @ ambient Temperature.

API 5L B

r=

3"
3.50
0.2160
0.0000
0.2160
2.2300
3.0200
1.1600

TS =

60000

YS =

35000

Cc =

127.45

D/t=

16.20

D=
CA =
t=
S=

Yield strength of Column @ ambient Temperature.

(API STD 650 -Item 3.10.3.4)
Cc = (( 2 x PI2 x E ) / YS) 0.5
( Table B5.1 AISC )
Description of Element :
( Circular hollow sections in axial compression )
Width thickness ratio = D / t .
Limiting Width-Thickness Ratio.

3300 / ( YS / 1000 )

94.29

THE COLUMN IS NOT A SLENDER ELEMENT.

Maximal Length of Leg ( 100 mm in the 4" pipe
included ).

L=

45.4724

Effective Length Factor . K .

( Table C-C2.1 AISC )

K=

2.10

82.32
Cc > ( K x L / r ) IS OK

E=

28800000

Ag =
Fy =
E=
K=
l=
r=

2.2300
35.00
28800
2.10
45.4724
1.1600

Slenderness Ratio.

(KxL)/r

API 650 - Item 3.10.3.3 - Maximum Slenderness RatioFor columns , the value L/r shall not exceed 180.

THE SLENDERNESS RATIO IS RESPECTED

Elasticity Modulus at Ambient Temperature.
( Table M-2 API 650 )
AISC - E.2 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR
FLEXURAL BUCKLING.
Gross Area of Members.
Specified Yield Stress.
Modulus of Elasticity.
Effective Length Factor.
Laterally Unbraced Length of Member.
Governing Radius of Gyration about the Axis of
Buckling.
(E2-4)

0.9135
0.8344

(( K x l ) / ( r x PI )) x( ( Fy / E )05) =

( E2-2) , ( E2-3)
Allowable Stress in Compression
( Fa = Ag x Fcr x 0.85 )

Fcr =

24682

Fa =

46786

Lw =
Ws =

10.9956
0.1969

Ss1 =

6961

Lw =
Ws =

76.5354
0.1969

Fa > MLD ; LEG IS OK.

Checking of the fillet welds at pipe supporting plates .

Length of weld of pipe 3" on pipe 4". ( As per drawing. )
Fillet weld size ( leg dimension )
Shear Stress :
( MLD / (( Ws / 20.5 ) x Lw ))
Ss1 < 18000 psi- WELD IS OK
Length of weld of gussets on pipe 4" ( As per drawing. )
Fillet weld size ( leg dimension )
Shear Stess :

( MLD / (( Ws / 20.5 ) x Lw ))
Ss2 < 18000psi - WELD IS OK

Ss2 =

1000

Length of weld of plate on deck ( As per drawing ).

Fillet weld size ( leg dimension )
Shear Stress :
( MLD / (( Ws / 20.5 ) x Lw ))
Ss3 < 18000 psi - WELD IS OK

Lw =
Ws =

33.7795
0.1969

Ss3 =

2266

3.3 - CHECKING OF PONTOON SUPPORTS .

The checking is made in compression as per API 650 & AISC .
Material for Column.

API 5L B

Supporting Leg.
Diameter .
Thickness ( ordered ).
Corrosion.
Minimal Thickness in Operation.
Section .
Moment of Inertia.
Radius of Gyration.
Tensile Strength of Column @ ambient Temperature.

r=

3" Std.
3.50
0.2165
0.0000
0.2165
2.2300
3.0200
1.1600

TS =

60000

YS =

35000

Cc =

127.45

D/t=

16.16

D=
CA =
t=
S=

Yield strength of Column @ ambient Temperature.

(API STD 650 -Item 3.10.3.4)
Cc = (( 2 x PI 2 x E ) / YS) 0.5
( Table B5.1 AISC )
Description of Element :
( Circular hollow sections in axial compression )
Width thickness ratio = D / t .
Limiting Width-Thickness Ratio.
3300 / ( YS / 1000 )

94.29

THE COLUMN IS NOT A SLENDER ELEMENT

Maximal Length of Leg ( 100 mm in the 4" pipe
included ).

L=

0.0000

Effective Length Factor . K .

( Table C-C2.1 AISC )

K=

2.10

0.00
Cc > ( K x L / r) IS OK

Slenderness Ratio.

(KxL)/r

API 650 - Item 3.10.3.3 - Maximum Slenderness RatioFor columns , the value L/r shall not exceed 180.

THE SLENDERNESS RATIO IS RESPECTED

Elasticity Modulus at Ambient Temperature.

( Table M-2 API 650 )

E=

28800000

Ag =
Fy =
E=
K=
l=
r=

2.2300
35.00
28800
2.10
0.0000
1.1600

AISC - E.2 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR

FLEXURAL BUCKLING.
Gross Area of Members.
Specified Yield Stress.
Modulus of Elasticity.
Effective Length Factor.
Laterally Unbraced Length of Member.
Governing Radius of Gyration about the Axis of
Buckling.
(E2-4)

(( K x l ) / ( r x PI )) x( ( Fy / E )05) =

( E2-2) , ( E2-3)
Allowable Stress in Compression
( Fa = Ag x Fcr x 0.85 )

0.0000
0.0000
Fcr =

35000

Fa =

66343

Lw =

49.5276

Ws =

0.1969

Ss =

2334

Fa > MLP ; LEG IS OK

Checking of the fillet welds at pipe supporting plates .

Length of weld of pipe 4" on reinforcing plate - ( As per
drawing. )
Fillet weld size ( leg dimension )
Shear Stress :
MLP / (( Ws / 20.5 ) x Lw )
Ss < 18000 psi - WELD IS OK

FS-

AP

ft.
ft.
ft.

92.30
21.40
20.07

in.
in.

250.00
6300.00

m.
m.
m.
mm.
mm.

in.
in.
in.

165.00
1060.00
955.00

mm.
mm.
mm.

lb.

503,485

kg.

C.3 - DESIGN.
C.3.1 GENERAL.
The roof and accesories shall be designed
the maximum design liquid level and then
the top of the tank shell without damage to
During such an occurrence , no manual at
appurtenances.
If a windskirt or top-shell extension is used
travel, appropiate alarm devices shall be p
risen above the designed capacity height u
height to the top of the shell extension.
The purchaser shall specify the indicator a
Emergency overflow openings may be pro
damage.

C.3.3 DECKS.
C.3.3.1 Roofs in corrosive service , such a
designed to eliminate the presence of any

C.3.3.2 Unless oteherwise specified by the

nominal thickness of 5 mm (3/16") - 37,4 k

C.3.3.4 Top decks sof double-deck roofs a

permanent slope for drainage ,shall have a
preferably be lapped to provide the best dr

C.3.4 PONTOON DESIGN .

C.3.4.1 Floating roofs shall have sufficient
gravity of 0,7 and with primary drains inop

a - 250 mm (10 in ) of rainfall in a 24-hour

roofs provided with emergency drains to k
support.Such emergency drains shall not a
b - Single-deck and any two adjacent pont
roofs and any two adjacent compartments
no water or live load-

c - With agreement by the purchaser , item

6 m (20 ft) in diametr or less : any one com
pontoon roofs or double-deck roofs, both r

C.3.4.2 The pontoon portions of single-dec

adequate strength to prevent permanent d
rainwater (C.3.4.1 ,Item a ) or when the ce
(C.3.4.1 Item b ) - If calculations are requir
stability criteria shall be jointly established
inquiry. Alternatively, a proof test simulatin
water , may be performed on the roof or o
diameter -

Lw

C.3.4.3 Any penetration of the floating roo

design conditionsC.3.5 PONTOON OPENINGSEach compartment shall be provided with
With agreement by the purchaser , floating
designed using a pontoon inspection port
Each compartment shall be vented to prot
be in the manhole cover, inspection port co
shall be at an elevation that prevents liquid
of C.3.4 and shall terminate in a manner th

Each compartment shall be provided with

With agreement by the purchaser , floating
designed using a pontoon inspection port
Each compartment shall be vented to prot
be in the manhole cover, inspection port co
shall be at an elevation that prevents liquid
of C.3.4 and shall terminate in a manner th

Lw

ft.
ft.

45.9000
39.6000

m.
m.

degree.

2.9988

rad.

ft2

1615.2998

m2

ft.

2.0325

m.

ft4

1414332.62

m4

ft4

1407659.89

m4

C.3.6 COMPARTMENTS Compartments plates are radial or circumf

flotation for the roof (see C.3.4 )- All intern
fillet welded along all of their edges, and o
required to make each compartment liquid
using internal pressure or a cacuum box a

C.3.7 LADDERS Unless otherwise specified by the purchas

that automatically adjusts to any roof posit
The ladder shall be designed for a full-roo
leg supports. If a rolling ladder is furnished
shall be designed for a 4450N ( 1000 lbf )
positionC.3.8 ROOF DRAINS The minimum-size drain shall be capable o
greater than design at the maximum rainfa
the roof is floating at the minimum operatin
NPS 3 for roof with a diameter less than o
roofs with a diameter greater than 36 m ( 1

C.3.9 VENTS Suitable vents shall be provided to preven

The purchaser should specify liquid withdr
vents . Vents, bleeder valves , or other sui
gases from under neath the roof during in

C.3.10 SUPPORTING LEGS.

C.3.10.1 The floating roof shall be provide
shall be notched or perforated at the botto
adjustable from the top side of the roof. th
sipporting legs shall be as specified on the
certain that all tank apputenances , such a
cleared by the roof in lowest position.

ft3

719.26

m3

ft3

143.04

m3

ft.

0.3567

m.

ft3

576.22

m3

ft.

1957.10

m.

C.3.10.2 The legs and attachments shall b

load of at leat 1,2 kPa ( 25 lbf/ft. 2 )- Where
legs through bulkheads or diaphragms. Le
particular attention to prevent failures at th
shall be used to distribute the leg loads on
be continuously welded to the bottom.

C.3.11 ROOF MANHOLESAt least one roof manhole shall be provide

when the tank is empty- The number of ro
Each manhole shall have a minimum nom

C.3.12 CENTERING AND ANTOROTATIO

Suitable devices shall be provided to main
from rotating. These devices shall capable
ladder, unequal snow loads , and wind loa

C.3.13 SEALSThe space between the outer periphery of

flexible device that provides a reasonably

C.3.14 GAUGING DEVICE Each roof shall be provided with a gauge h

the design specified in the purchaser orde

C.4 FABRICATION , ERECTION, WELDI

C.4.5 Drainpipe and hose systems of prim
350 kPa ( 50 lbf/in2 ) gauge- During the rot
and observed for leakage of the tank conte

rad.
degree.

ft.

0.5694

m.

ft.

0.4741

m.

in.

0.2540

m.

lb.

1,253,554

kg.

ft3

2506.88

m3

ft2

6618.74

m2.

ft.

0.3571

m.

ft.

0.5221

m.

lb.

503485

kg.

ft3

529.98

m3

ft3

143.04

m3

ft2

6618.74

m2

ft.

0.0585

m.

ft.

0.2235

m.

ft.

19.6085

m.

lb.

503485

kg.

ft3

503.48

m3

ft3

143.04

m3

ft2

6618.74

m3.

ft.

0.0545

m.

ft.

0.2195

m.

ft.

19.6045

(condicin)
VERDADERO

m.

FICIENT BUOYANCY

ft.
ft.

ft.

45900
39600

mm.
mm.

Radius 5
86.8438
26,470

Radius 4
64.4849
19,655

Radius 3
42.8445
13,059

Radius 2
22.9987
7,010

Radius 1
10.0000
3,048

Rang 5
86.8438
26,470

Rang 4
64.4849
19,655

Rang 3
42.8445
13,059

Rang 2
22.9987
7,010

Rang 1
10.0000
3,048

86.8438
26470
97.6640
29768.00

64.4849
19655
75.6644
23062.50

42.8445
13059
53.6647
16357.0000

22.9987
7010
32.9216
10034.5000

10.0000
3048
16.4993
5029.0000

97.6640
29,768

75.6644
23,063

53.6647
16,357

32.9216
10,035

16.4993
5,029

75.6644
23,063

53.6647
16,357

32.9216
10,035

16.4993
5,029

0.0000
0

21.9997
6,706

21.9997
6,706

20.7431
6,323

16.4222
5,006

16.4993
5,029

6300.00

mm.

Lw

Section 5

Section 4

Section 3

Section 2

Section 1

75.66
23,063

53.66
16,357

32.92
10,035

16.50
5,029

0.00
0

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00

11979.42
1112.92

8938.45
830.41

5642.52
524.21

2549.72
236.88

855.23
79.45

1 Kgf m / seg2 =
1 kg =

9.8067
2.2046

Nm.
lb.

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

299486
1332178

223461
994005

141063
627479

63743
283544

21381
95106

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

97807
435068

72979
324626

46069
204924

20818
92601

6983
31060

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

20366
90594

16938
75344

12031
53515

5313
23634

765
3403

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

118173
525662

89917
399970

58099
258439

26131
116235

7748
34463

417659
1857840

313378
1393975

199162
885918

89874
399779

29128
129569

40

32

24

212
945

212
945

212
945

212
945

212
945

426157
1895640

320176
1424215

204261
908598

91786
408284

29766
132404

10654
47391

10006
44507

8511
37858

10198
45365

9922
44135

lb.

71560

N.

lb.

47391

N.

API 5L B
std
in.
in.
in.
in.
in2
in4
in.

88.90
5.49
0.00
5.49
1438.71
1257018.91
29.46

mm.
mm.
mm.
mm.
mm2
mm4
mm.

lb/in2

413.69

Mpa.

lb/in2

241.32

Mpa.

in.

1155.00

mm.

lb/in2

198569.06

Mpa.

in2
ksi.
ksi.

1438.71
241.32
198569.06

mm2
Mpa.
Mpa.

in.
in.

1155.00
29.46

mm.
mm.

lb/in2

170.18

Mpa.

lb.

208113

N.

in.
in.

279.29
5.00

mm.
mm.

1944.00
5.00

mm.
mm.

K x L / r ) IS OK

lb/in2

in.
in.

lb/in2

in.
in.

858.00
5.00

mm.
mm.

88.90
5.50
0.00
5.50
1438.71
1257018.91
29.46

mm.
mm.
mm.
mm.
mm2
mm4
mm.

lb/in2

413.69

Mpa.

lb/in2

241.32

Mpa.

0.00

mm.

lb/in2

API 5L B

in.
in.
in.
in.
in2
in4
in.

in.

K x L / r) IS OK

lb/in2

198569.06

Mpa.

in.2
ksi.
ksi.

1438.71
241.32
198569.06

mm2
Mpa.
Mpa.

in.
in.

0.00
29.46

mm.
mm.

lb/in2

241.32

Mpa.

lb.

295106

N.

in.

1258.00

mm.

in.

5.00

mm.

lb/in2

APPENDIX C .

AL.
ccesories shall be designed and constructed so that the roof is allowed to float to
design liquid level and then return to a liquid level that floats the roof welll below
ank shell without damage to any part of the roof, tank or appurtenances.
n occurrence , no manual attention shall be required to protect the roof, tank or
.
r top-shell extension is used to contain the roof seals at the highest point of
ate alarm devices shall be provided to indicate that the liquid level in the tank has
e designed capacity height unless the tank shell has been designed for a liquid
p of the shell extension.
shall specify the indicator arrangement suitable for operating purposes.
erflow openings may be provided to protect the tank and floating roof from

n corrosive service , such as covering sour crude oil, should be the contact type
minate the presence of any air-vapor mixture under the deck.

oteherwise specified by the purchaser, all deck plates shall have a minimum
ess of 5 mm (3/16") - 37,4 kg/m 2 - 7.65 lb/ft2 -

cks sof double-deck roofs and of pontoon sections, which are designed with a
pe for drainage ,shall have a minimum slope of 1 in 64 (3/16" in 12") and shall
apped to provide the best drainage . Plate buckles shall be kept to a minimum-

ON DESIGN .
g roofs shall have sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat on liquid with a specific
nd with primary drains inoperative for the following conditions:

0 in ) of rainfall in a 24-hour period with the roof intact , except for double-deck
with emergency drains to keep water to a lesser volume that the roof will safely
emergency drains shall not allow the product to flow onto thr roofk and any two adjacent pontoon compartments punctured in single-deck pontoon
wo adjacent compartments punctured in double-deck roofs, both roof types with
e load-

ment by the purchaser , item b may be replaced by the following for floating roofs
iametr or less : any one compartment punctured nd flooded in single-deck
or double-deck roofs, both roof types with no water or live load.

ntoon portions of single-deck pontoon-type roofs shall be designed to have

ngth to prevent permanent distortion when the center deck is loaded by its design
4.1 ,Item a ) or when the center deck and two adjacent pontoons are punctured
) - If calculations are required by the purchaser , the allowable stress and
shall be jointly established by the purchaser and the manufacturer as part of the
tively, a proof test simulating the conditions of C.3.4.1 , with the roof floating on
performed on the roof or on one of similar design that is equal or greater

netration of the floating roof shall not allow product to flow onto the roof under
nsON OPENINGSment shall be provided with a liquid-tight manhole.
nt by the purchaser , floating roofs 6 m ( 20 ft ) in diameter or less may be
g a pontoon inspection port in place of a pontoon manholement shall be vented to protect against internal or external pressure. Vents may
ole cover, inspection port cover , or the top deck of the compartment - The vents
elevation that prevents liquid from entering the compartment under the conditions
hall terminate in a manner that prevents entry of rain and fire-fighting liquids-

RTMENTS plates are radial or circumferential dividers forming compartments that provide
roof (see C.3.4 )- All internal compartment plates (or sheets) shall be singleong all of their edges, and other welding shall be performed at junctions as
ke each compartment liquid tight. Each compartment shall be tested for tightness
pressure or a cacuum box and a soap solution or penetrating oil-

RS se specified by the purchaser , the floating roof shall be supplied with a ladder
ally adjusts to any roof position so that accesss to the roof is always provided.
all be designed for a full-roof travel , regardless of the normal setting of the roofa rolling ladder is furnished, it shall have full-length handrails on both sides and
ed for a 4450N ( 1000 lbf ) midpoint load with the ladder in any operating

DRAINS size drain shall be capable of preventing the roof from accumulating a water level
esign at the maximum rainfall rate specified by the purchaser for the roof when
ing at the minimum operating level; however, the drain shall not be smaller than
with a diameter less than or equal 36 m ( 120 ft ) , or smaller than NPS 4 for
ameter greater than 36 m ( 120 ft ) -

shall be provided to prevent overstressing of yhe roof feck or seal membrane.

should specify liquid withdrawal rates so that the fabricator may size the vacuum
bleeder valves , or other suitable means shall be adequate to evacuate air and
der neath the roof during initial filling-

ORTING LEGS.
oating roof shall be provided with supporting legs. Legs fabricated from pipe
ed or perforated at the bottom to provide drainage. The length of the legs shall be
m the top side of the roof. the operating and cleaning-position levels of the
shall be as specified on the purchaser order. The manufacturer shall make
tank apputenances , such as mixers , interior piping, and the fill nozzle , are
roof in lowest position.

egs and attachments shall be designed to support the roof and a uniform live
1,2 kPa ( 25 lbf/ft. 2 )- Where possible, the roof load shall be transmitted to the
ulkheads or diaphragms. Leg attachments to single decks shall be given
tion to prevent failures at the points of attachments. Steel pads or other means
o distribute the leg loads on the bottom of the tank. If pads are used, they shall
y welded to the bottom.

MANHOLESof manhole shall be provided for access to the tank interior and for ventilation
is empty- The number of roof manholes shall be as specified by the purchaser .
shall have a minimum nominal diameter of 600 mm ( 24 in )-

ERING AND ANTOROTATION DEVICES.

es shall be provided to maintain the roof in a centered position and to prevent it
These devices shall capable of resisting the lateral forces imposed by the roof
l snow loads , and wind loads.

Sween the outer periphery of the roof and the tank shell shall be sealed by a
that provides a reasonably close fit to the shell surfaces.

ING DEVICE be provided with a gauge hatch or gauge well with a tight cap that complies with
cified in the purchaser order.

TION , ERECTION, WELDING, INSPECTION, AND TESTING.

e and hose systems of primary drains shall be tested with water at a pressure of
bf/in2 ) gauge- During the rotation test, the roof drain valves shall be kept open
or leakage of the tank contents into the drain lines.