Fibulae of The Period From The 5th To TH

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE
INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY
BOOK OF PAPERS FROM
UKRAINIAN JOURNAL ARKHEOLOHIIA
UKRAINIAN
ARCHAEOLOGY
20142015
CONTENTS
3
Articles
Palaeolithic
20
Neolithic cultures
25
Cultures of the Bronze age
37
Scythian period
43
Ancient Greek centres at the North Black Sea area
56
Archaeology of Slavs and regional field studies
72
Ancient Rus and Mediaeval Archaeology
78
Publications of Material
94
History of the Ancient Crafts
101
History of science
INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY OF NAS OF UKRAINE, 2016
Preface
The offered edition covers the most urgent problems of modern Ukrainian archaeology. It is composed from materials published in the Arkheolohia magazine in 20142015, and in other books
of papers that came out during that period. The structure of the book of papers Archaeology
20142015 was created on the principles of the main archaeological magazine of Ukraine.
In the Articles section there are chronologically placed the studies of the major problems of
the Palaeolithic, Bronze and Early Iron ages, Antiquity, Eastern Slavs and Kievan Rus. In the section that deals with the publication of the latest researches to the first place was put rare archaeological finds of recent years: the results of the joint researches with new non-destructive methods
of trypillia giant settlement Maidanetske with British scientists; a unique stele from Khortytsia of
Early-Scythian time with the Cimmerian necklace-hryvnia; arms collection of the early Middle
Ages. In modern European archaeology there are rapidly developing studies of ancient production. That area has always been priority in the Ukrainian archaeology too. In The ancient craft
section, which covers the studies and reconstructions of old productions, the main focus is on the
materials from the recently founded production center on the Berezan island (ancient Greek Borysthenes). Its a pottery workshop, in the hearths of which ceramic products are fixed consignment of lamps, pots, bowls, pots with stripe pattern. Notably, most of the imported Ionian
ceramics of the 7th6th c. BC was produced in the workshops of the settlement on the Berezan
island. In the History of Science section there are examined biographies of prominent archaeologists who have made a significant contribution to science: researcher of the Southern Ukraine
Ernst von Stern; founder of the Kherson Regional Museum V.I. Hoshkevych, and also functioning of the anthropology and prehistory study group of F. Vovk.
The authors in the edition are researchers from Kyiv, Kharkiv, Zaporozhzhia, Poltava, Kherson, Volyn, Ternopil, Lviv, and Donetsk regions.
The edition is aimed at acquaintance of English-speaking readers with the latest achievements
of Ukrainian archaeology.
Director of the Institute of Archaeology

of the NAS of Ukraine
Academician of the NAS of Ukraine
P.P. Tolochko
Ancient Rus and Medievel Archaeology
Ya.V. Volodarets-Urbanovych
FIBULAE OF THE PERIOD FROM THE 5th TO THE FIRST HALF OF THE 8th
CENTURIES FROM POLTAVA REGION (Findings of the Early 2000-ies)
Fibulae of the Early Medieval period from the
south of Eastern Europe were always in the centre
of scholars attention. That fact caused special interest in the new finds. For instance, fibulae were
found on the territory of Poltava Region near the
villages of Malyi Viazovok, Pavlivka, Shediieve (2
items), Zasullia-Mhar (3 items), Batky, and Kovali (2 items) (fig. 1). These are analyzed in the
article.
The finding of complicated anthropomorphous fibula at Malyi Viazovok (fig. 1, 1) belongs to
Prykhodniuk/type VI or Rodnikova/ type II.2.
Its analogies come from Pastyrske hill-fort, as well
as from series of sites in the Dnipro River middle and left bank regions (Trostianets, Dezhky
(Deshky), Tymchenky (Tarantsevo tract), Liubivka (farmstead Lisovskyi), Steblevo, Cherkasy and
Chygyrynskyi district, southern Kyiv province and
Kochetokskyi cemetery (Sorokov ravine tract)).
The finding of a simple anthropomorphous fibula from Pavlivka (fig. 1, 2) belongs to Rodnikova/type I.2.A. That items direct analogies are not
found. By the form closest fibulae were found at
Penkivka culture sites of the Dnipro River middle region and Nadporizhzhia (Kyzlevyi island,
Zhuravka Vilshanska, Raiky, Khmilna, PostavMuky, Hryhorivka), in the hoards of the first group
(Kurylivka), according to O.A. Shcheglova, and at
the burial grounds of the lower layer type at SuukSu (Skeliaste, tomb 406, Luchyste, tomb 268 and
65, burial 3) in the Crimea.
One of the finds from Shediieve (fig. 1, 3) belongs
to the fibulae with a border of birds heads, subtype
of seven-headed, series and a Maiorka variant, according to V.Ye. Rodnikova. Analogous items come
from Maiorka gully, Koziivka-Nova Odesa hoard,
and from Kuzmynkskyi burial ground. It is impossible to determine the type of the other radiate-headed fibula (fig. 1, 4), because its too fragmentary.
One of three fibulae from Zasullia-Mhar (fig. 1,
5) belongs to simple anthropo- and zoomorphous
items, Rodnikova/type I.2. Its analogies come
72
from Yatseva gully, Hradyzk and Velyka Krucha.

The second find (fig. 1, 6) belongs to wide-plated,
Havrytukhin/type 2. Its analogies were found at
Penkivka and Kolochyn cultures sites (Voloske, Bogorodychne, Bogodukhovo gully, Medzhybizh-Rybhosp) and in hoards (Haponove, Koziivka-Nova
Odesa, Koloskove) of the first chronological group,
by O.A. Shcheglova. The third fibula (fig. 1, 7) belongs to the group of Kerch radiate-headed fibulae: type Kerch, subgroup A, type IV. Its analogies
come from the Bosporan burial ground in the Crimea, Ihren, Berezivka, and Kydanivka in the Dnipro River middle region, and from Spas-Pereksha
hill-fort in the Dnipro River upper region.
A small radiate-headed fibula from Batky (fig. 1,
8) belongs to Havrytukhin/type Pergamum Bucharest Tay lake, not ornamented subtype, series
A. It is impossible to determine its variant, Selishte
or Cherkasy Byshkyn, because the item is fragmentary, while the determinative element is a leg form.
Selishte variant includes finds from Selishte, Ihren
and Pastyrske. Cherkasy Byshkyn variant is includes finds from Cherkasy Byshkyn, Nikodymove
and Pastyrske.
One fibula from Kovali (fig. 1, 9) belongs to the
transitional type from two-plated to radiate-headed fibulae. The analogies are known at Teremtsi
settlement, dwelling 14, at Weimar burial, burial
1 (Germany), in the Crimea (Kerch and Chersonesos), and in the North and North-Eastern Caucasus (Chegem and Bachil-aul).
The second find (fig. 1, 10) belongs to two-plated type. Analogous items were found at Novoselytsia settlement of Penkivka culture in the hoard of
the first chronological Sudzha-Zamostia group.
Fibulae played an important role in the costume. However, all clothes reconstructions of Slavonic antiquities remain at the hypothetical level,
because of lack of information concerning their localization in the burials. Nevertheless, new finds
widen our idea of typological diversity, evolution,
and the circuit of the findings and help to determine
Ukrainian Archaeology, 20142015
Fig. 1. Fibulae of the 5th to the first half of the 8th c. from Poltava region: 1 Malyi Viazovok; 2 Pavlivka; 34 Shediieve; 57 Zasullia-Mhar; 8 Batky; 910 Kovali
Ukrainian Archaeology, 20142015
73
the ways of trade and economic relations, ways of

migrations, and separate cultural and historical regions. Moreover, they are important as pieces of
ancient art, representing the stages of spiritual development of the population and the peculiarities
of the religious beliefs. Chronology of most of the
items discussed covers the period from the 6th to the

beginning of the 8th c. Since the clothes of the first
chronological group started to develop, while the
hoards of the second group were appearing. Only
the finds from Kovali were used in the 5th and in the
beginning of the 6th c.
( 3, 2015, p. 87106)
I.A. Hotun, O.M. Kazymir

VELYKA KHODOSIVKA HILL-FORT, PROMINENT
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIC MONUMENT
By the resolution of Ministry of Ukraine 928
from 03.09.2009, Velyka Khodosivka hill-fort was
included in the State Registry of Immovable monuments of Ukraine, national importance category.
A significant length and monumentality of fortifications at the site caused the scholars attention
since the second half of the 19th c. L.I. Pokhilevych
mentioned an enigmatic rampart to the west
from Khodosivka and left its description; I.I. Funduklei characterized the monument, situated on
both banks of Vita (Siverka) River with more details; V.B. Antonovych published its plan and mentioned a small rampart ring near Khodosivka covering a small space of upland place and resting with
both ends on the meadow valley of the Dnipro River. In time, more precise cartographic materials
were prepared by officers Vasyliev and Stelletskyi
and cartographic institution of Military Topography Department of Russian Empire General Staff.
L.P. Dobrovolskyi repeatedly turned to the site
at the beginning of the 20th c. The scholar left a detailed description of the preserved fortifications
in micro region and considered them as a system,
consisting of fortifications of the Velyka Khodosivka hill-fort, a long rampart along the Siverka
(Vita), later known in the literature as Vita-Bobrytsia Zmiiv rampart, and a mound with meridian direction, coming to the Early Iron Age Khotiv hillfort. The author mentioned the barrows near the
eastern edge of the hill-forts right bank part and
recorded the eastern part of left bank fortifications
around Korol ford at the place where the Siverka
flows to the Dnipro drain not far from Berezovyi
hamlet.
Great Kyiv Expedition studied the site in 1947.
The settlement in Vechirniy Lis tract was discovered within the fortifications, the barrows, mentioned before, were recorded. Khodosivka Kruhle hill-fort was investigated and referred to Zaru-
74
bynetska culture monuments, and a settlement

between the hill-fort and Khodosivkas cemetery
was revealed. Ye.O. Petrovska came to a conclusion in 1976 that the Velyke hill-fort should be dated by the Early Iron Age, mentioning that there is
a mound similar to its rampart between the villages
of Khodosivka, Lisnyky, and Kremenyshche; and
recorded the Early Scythian materials at the settlement adjoined to Kruhle hill-fort.
The scholars repeatedly addressed to that set
of monuments: Ye.V. Makhno traced Zarubynetska culture fortifications at Kruhle hill-fort; Ye.V.
Maksymov described its peculiarities in the conditions of nomadic expansion at the end of the 1st
millennium BC; A.S. Buhai drew attention to the
distinctions in the structure of ramparts situated
along the Siverka, around Khodosivka, and at the
direction to Khotiv; M.P. Kuchera singled Zmiiv
rampart and the Early Iron Age fortifications out of
them; and T.H. Kovpanenko, S.S. Bessonova, and
S.A. Skoryi discovered the areas of synchronous
cultural layer within the Velyke hill-fort.
On the whole, an assemblage of the monuments
consists of the following: the Great hill-fort; a rampart between Khodosivka, Lisnyky, and Kremenyshche (analysis of photographs from the space together with cartographic material obtained before
the revolution and recently, and the results of location research allow the authors to consider it to be
the part of Velyke hill-fort, namely, the eastern border of the fortifications on the left bank); a rampart
section to the west from Kruhkyk, a part of mound
connecting Velyka Khodosivka and Khotiv hillfort; Kruhle hill-fort with an adjacent settlement.
Zmiiv rampart along the Siverka on the neighbouring territory is destroyed, and its section is recorded
near Vita Poshtova village.
The main fortification of the Velyke hill-fort
with dimensions about 4,5 3,0 km are horseshoeUkrainian Archaeology, 20142015

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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

Cultures of the Bronze age

Ancient Greek centres at the North Black Sea area

Archaeology of Slavs and regional field studies

Ancient Rus and Mediaeval Archaeology

History of the Ancient Crafts

INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY OF NAS OF UKRAINE, 2016

Director of the Institute of Archaeology

Ancient Rus and Medievel Archaeology

from Yatseva gully, Hradyzk and Velyka Krucha.

Ukrainian Archaeology, 20142015

the ways of trade and economic relations, ways of

items discussed covers the period from the 6th to the

I.A. Hotun, O.M. Kazymir

bynetska culture monuments, and a settlement

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