Phrasal

Meaning Example
Verb
respect or obey. (the law, a
A abide by decision, a rule)
If you want to stay at this school, you must abide by the rules.

account for explain, give a reason I hope you can account for the money you spent!

add up make sense, seem reasonable Her story just doesn't add up.

have the same opinion as

agree with I agree with you. I think she deserves the award too.
somebody else.
take into consideration,
allow for You'd better leave early to allow for traffic jams.
include in a calculation

answer back reply rudely Don't answer back your mother!

make a formal request for

apply for something He applied for the job he saw advertised in the newspaper.
(job, permit, loan etc.)
When the company is privatized, you should of avail of the
take advantage of something
avail of opportunity
(an opportunity)
and buy some shares.

move backwards, in fear or

B back away dislike
When he saw the dog, he backed away.

Local authorities backed down on their plans to demolish the

back down withdraw, concede defeat
building.
1) give support or
1) If I tell the boss we've got too much work, will you back me
encouragement
back up up?
2) make a copy of (file,
2) It is recommended to back up all files in a secure location.
program, etc.)

black out faint, lose consciousness When he fell off the horse he blacked out.

block off Separate using a barrier. The area was blocked off during the demonstration.

1) explode;
1) The terrorists said the bomb would blow up at 9 o'clock.
blow up 2) be destroyed by an
2) The car blew up but luckily there was nobody in it.
explosion

boil down to be summarized as The problem boils down to a lack of money.

1) go out of order, cease to

function 1) John's car broke down so he had to take the bus.
break down
2) lose control of one's 2) The parents broke down when they heard the bad news.
emotions

break into enter by force Burglars broke into the house around midnight.

break out start suddenly Rioting broke out as a result of the strike.

break out of escape from a place by force Three prisoners broke out of jail.

come to an end (marriage,

break up After her marriage broke up, Emma went to live in London.
relationship)

bring up raise (a child) She stopped working in order to bring up her children.

improve, refresh one's Mary had to brush up on her Spanish before going to South
brush up on
knowledge of something America.
meet by accident or
bump into Pedro bumped into his English teacher at the supermarket.
unexpectedly
1) stop (something) working
1) The fuse has burnt out.
burn out 2) become exhausted from
2) Tom will burn himself out if he doesn't slow down.
over-working
butt in (on
interrupt impolitely It's rude to butt in on a conversation like that!
sthg)
C call back return a phone call I'll call you back as soon as possible.

call off cancel The meeting was called off because of the strike.

call on/upon
formally invite or request I now call upon the President to address the assembly.
sby
become more relaxed, less
calm down He was angry at first but he eventually calmed down.
angry or upset

carry on continue He carried on gardening in spite of the rain.

1) do something as specified
1) The plan was carried out to perfection.
(a plan, an order, a threat)
carry out 2) Tests are carried out to determine the efficiency of a new
2) perform or conduct (test,
drug.
experiment)
For security reasons you have to check in two hours before
check in register at a hotel or airport
your flight.
1) pay one's bill and leave (a 1) Is Mr. Blair still at the hotel? No, he checked out this
check out hotel) morning.
2) investigate 2) I don't know if the address is still valid. I'll check it out.

clam up refuse to speak When the teacher arrived she clammed up.

act strictly to prevent The government has decided to clamp down on smoking in
clamp down on
something public places.
stop operating (company,
close down When the factory closed down, the employees lost their jobs.
restaurant, cinema).
1) Julie came across some photographs of her grandparents in
1) find by chance
the attic.
come across 2) appear, seem, make an
2) The candidate came across as a dynamic person during the
impression
interview.

come forward present oneself The police have asked any witnesses to come forward.

come up
be faced with or opposed by The project came up against a lot of criticism.
against
1) stop working
1) The car conked out on the motorway.
conk out 2) stop or fall asleep (from
2) He was so exhausted, he conked out in front of the TV.
exhaustion)

count on rely or depend on (for help) I'm counting on the taxi driver to find the theatre.

remove by drawing a line In some exercises, you are asked to cross out the incorrect
cross out
through word.

cut down on reduce in number or size The doctor told him to cut down on cigarettes.

1) remove using scissors 1) She cut out a picture in a magazine.

cut out
2) stop doing something 2) I'm going to cut out eating between meals.

handle, take care of (problem,

D deal with situation)
The manager is good at dealing with difficult customers.

calm down, become less

die down When the applause died down, she started to sing.
strong

do without manage without The shops are closed so we'll have to do without sugar.

drag on last longer than expected We expected a short speech but it dragged on and on!

write (contract, agreement,

draw up An agreement was drawn up and signed by the two parties.
document)
1) wear elegant clothes 1) Do people dress up to go to the opera in your country?
dress up
2) disguise oneself 2) Children love to dress up at Halloween.
visit, usually on the way I sometimes drop in to see my grandparents on my way home
drop in
somewhere from school.
 1) deliver someone or
1) I'll drop you off at the bus stop if you like.
drop off something
2) Granddad often drops off in front of the TV.
2) fall asleep
She decided to go to art school then dropped out after the
drop out leave school without finishing
first term.

reduce, become less severe or

E ease off slow down After Christmas the workload generally eases off.
(pain, traffic, work)
1) eliminate differences of 1) After a long discussion they managed to even out their
even out opinion. differences.
2) become level or regular 2) The road was evened out to make it safer.

F fall through fail; doesn't happen Our planned boat trip fell through because of the storm.

figure out understand, find the answer I'm trying to figure out how to assemble the bookshelves.

complete (a form/an Please fill out the enclosed form and return it as soon as
fill out
application) possible.
I'm going to call the cinema to find out what time the film
find out discover or obtain information
starts.
The advertising campaign will focus on the quality of the
focus on concentrate on something
product.

figure out understand; find a solution We'll have to figure out a way to deliver the goods faster.

G get at imply What exactly are you trying to get at?

get away escape The robbers got away in a black car.

get by manage to cope or to survive It's difficult to get by on a low salary.

get in enter How did the burglar get in?

get into
enter How did the burglar get into the house?
(+noun)
1) leave (bus, train, plane) 1) You should get off the bus at Trafalgar Square.
get off
2) remove 2) She can't get the stain off her sweater.

get on board (bus, train, plane) You can pay when you get on the bus.

get on with
continue to do; make progress Be quiet and get on with your homework.
(something)
get on (well)
have a good relationship with I get on very well with my colleagues.
with (somebody)

get out leave How did he get out?

get out of
leave How did he get out of the house?
(+noun)

get out of avoid doing something Some husbands manage to get out of doing any housework.

recover from (illness,

get over My grandmother had pneumonia but she got over it.
disappointment)

get rid of eliminate It's difficult to get rid of old habits.

get together meet each other Let's get together for lunch on day.

get up rise, leave bed I usually get up at 7 o'clock.

 give up stop doing something Sarah gave up smoking 5 years ago.

go through experience Pete went through a lot of pain after the accident.

spend one's childhood;

grow up He grew up in a small village in the mountains.
develop; become an adult

All application forms must be handed in before the end of the

H hand in submit (report, homework)
month.

hand out distribute Samples will be handed out at the end of the demonstration.

spend time in a particular

Where does he hang out these days?
hang out place,
Who does he hang out with?
or with a group of friends

hang up end a phone conversation "Don't hang up. I haven't finished yet."

hit at aim a blow at He hit at the wasp with the newspaper.

hit back retaliate; reply to an attack When he was attacked by the others, the boy hit back.

find unexpectedly or by
hit on/upon She hit upon an idea for her new collection.
inspiration
-wait - 'Hold on please. I'll put you through to Mr. Brown."
hold on
-grip tightly - She held on to the railing as she crossed the bridge.

hurry up be quick, act speedily Hurry up! We'll miss the bus.

resolve by discussion, The meeting tomorrow will be an opportunity to iron out

I iron out
eliminate differences difficulties.

J join in participate She was too shy to join in the game.

-engage in, become a member - John was in the Army and Tom joined up as soon as he left
join up of school.
- meet and unite with - The two groups of tourists joined up at the hotel.
I jotted down the address while watching the programme on
jot down take quick notes
TV.

K keep on continue doing something It told him to be quiet but he kept on making noise.

stay at the same level as

keep up with someone or Bill walks so fast it's difficult to keep up with him.
something

kick off begin, start The football match kicked off at 3 o'clock.

L leave out omit, not mention The child's name was left out of the report.

let down disappoint You promised to come to the party, so don't let me down!

look after take care of A babysitter looks after the children when they go out.

look ahead think of the future It's time to forget the past and look ahead.

look down on consider as inferior He tends to look down on anyone who is not successful.

look on be a spectator at an event Billy didn't take part in the fight. He just looked on.
 look for try to find something Jane went to the shops to look for a pair of shoes.

await or anticipate with

look forward to I look forward to seeing you soon.
pleasure
He was a wonderful teacher and many students looked up to
look up to admire
him.

The old lady dresses so strangely that the kids make fun of
M make fun of laugh at/ make jokes about
her.
Some employees make up excuses when they arrive late for
make up invent (excuse, story)
work.
mistake one thing or person I don't know my neighbours' names yet. I keep mixing them
mix up
for another up.

move in arrive in a new home or office You've bought a new house? When are you moving in?.

leave your home/office for

move out My neighbour is leaving. He's moving out next Saturday.
another one.

N nod off fall asleep My grandfather often nods off in front of the television.

note down write something I'll call the station and note down the departure times.

leave a system or decide not I enjoy tennis but I'm so busy I had to opt out of the
O opt out to participate tournament.
The boy owned up. He said he kicked the ball through the
own up admit or confess something
window.

P pass away die The old lady passed away peacefully.

pass out faint She passed out when she heard the bad news.

I'll lend you 20 provided you pay me back before the end of
pay back reimburse
the week.

put off postpone, arrange a later date The meeting was put off because of the strike.

put on turn on, switch on Could you put on the light please?

put out extinguish It took a long time to put out the fire.

accommodate, give somebody

put up We can put you up if you'd like to come for a week-end.
a bed

pick up collect somebody I'll pick you up at the station when you arrive.

indicate/direct attention to
point out She pointed out the mistake.
something

R rely on count on, depend on, trust Don't worry. You can rely on me. I can keep a secret.

rule out eliminate The police ruled out political motives.

escape from a place or

run away He ran away from home at the age of fourteen.
suddenly leave
meet by accident or
run into Sophie ran into Maria at the shopping centre.
unexpectedly (also: bump into)

run out of have no more of something. What a nuisance! We've run out of coffee.
S set off start a journey; Early Saturday morning we set off for the ski slopes .

set up start a business She set up her own company 10 years ago.

shop around compare prices It's always wise to shop around before buying anything.

show off brag or want to be admired There's David showing off in his new sports car!

show up appear/arrive We expected David to come but he didn't show up.

shut up
(impolite) be silent, stop talking Oh shut up, you idiot!

sit down take a seat Please come in and sit down.

stick up for defend It's important to stick up for one's principles.

resemble, in appearance or
T take after character
Jamie really takes after his dad.

take care of look after I'll take care of your plants while you're away.

take off leave the ground The plane took off at 6 a.m.

take on hire or engage staff Business is good so the company is taking on extra staff.

tell off reprimand/criticize severely The teacher told her off for not doing her homework.

think over consider I'll have to think over the proposal before I decide.

wear something to see if it

try on I'm not sure about the size. Can I try it on?
suits or fits

turn down refuse I couldn't turn down an offer like that!

finish a product (so that

U use up there's none left)
The kids have used up all the toothpaste.

express confidence in, or

V vouch for guarantee something
You can give the keys to Andy. I can vouch for him.

W watch out be careful Watch out! There's a car coming.

1) become unusable 1) Julie wore out her shoes visiting the city.
wear out
2) become very tired 2) At the end of the day Julie was worn out.
1) do physical exercise
1) I work out twice a week at the gym club.
work out 2) find a solution or calculate
2) It's expensive but I haven't worked out the exact cost yet.
something

wipe off clean (board, table). The teacher asked Lee to wipe off the board.