VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

S.R.M . NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR-603203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
III-Year/V-Sem EEE
EE 6501 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
PART: A
1. Summarize the main division of power system.
(BTL- 5)
2. Define per unit value of an electrical quantity. Write equation for base impedance with
respect to 3-phase system.
(BTL- 1)
3. Define bus admittance matrix, bus impedance matrix?
(BTL- 1)
4. A generator rated 25MVA, 11KV has a reactance of 15%. Calculate its p.u. reactance for
a base of 50MVA and 10KV.
(BTL- 3)
5. Discuss the need for system analysis in planning and operation of power system?(BTL- 2)
6. Prepare the single phase equivalent circuit of three winding transformer.
(BTL- 6)
7. Point out the approximations made in impedance diagram?
(BTL- 4)
8. List the advantages of per unit system?
(BTL- 1)
9. Show the generator in transient analysis represented?
(BTL- 3)
10. Contrast the circuit representation of a transformer with off nominal ratio .
(BTL- 4)
11. Develop a simple per phase model for a cylindrical rotor synchronous machine.(BTL- 6)
12. Interpret per phase analysis?
(BTL- 2)
13. Summarize the functions of power system analysis?
(BTL- 5)
14. Examine the applications of Y-bus and Z-bus matrix?
(BTL- 3)
15. Define restructure power system?
(BTL- 1)
16. Define off nominal transformer ratio?
(BTL- 1)
17. Define primitive network?
(BTL- 1)
18. Order the methods available for forming bus impedance matrix.
(BTL- 4)
19. Distinguish bus admittance matrix is preferred in load flow?
(BTL- 2)
20. Discuss the restructure Models?
(BTL- 2)
PART: B
1. The single line diagram of a simple power system is shown in Fig. The rating of the
generators and transformers are given below:
Generator 1: 25MVA, 6.6KV, X=0.2p.u
Generator 2: 15MVA, 6.6KV, X=0.15p.u
Generator 3: 30MVA, 13.2KV, X=0.15p.u
Transformer1: 30MVA, 6.9/115 KV, X=10%
Transformer2: 15MVA, 6.9/115 KV, X=1 0%
Transformer3: Single phase units each rated 10MVA, 6.9/69 KV, X=10%
Examine the impedance diagram and mark all values in p.u choosing a base of 30MVA,
6.6KV in the generator 1 circuit. (16)
(BTL- 1)

2. Examine the reactance diagram for the power system shown in fig. Neglect resistance
and use a base of 100MVA , 220KV in 50K line. The ratings of the generator motor
and transformer are give below. (16)
(BTL- 1)

Generator: 40MVA, 25KV, X =20%.

Synchronous Motor: 50MVA, 11KV, X =30%
T1: Y-Y transformer : 40MVA 33/220KV, X=15%
T2:Y- Y transformer : 30 MVA 11/220KV, X=15%
3. Prepare a per phase schematic of the system in fig. and show all the impedance in per unit
on a 100 MVA, 132 KV base in the transmission line circuit. The necessary data are
Given as follows. (16) (BTL- 6)
G1 : 50MVA, 12.2KV, X=0.15 pu.
G2 : 20MVA, 13.8KV, X=0.15 pu.
T1 : 80MVA, 12.2/161KV, X=0.1 pu.
T2 : 40MVA, 13.8/161KV, X=0.1 pu.
LOAD: 50MVA, 0.8 power factor lag operating at 154KV. Evaluate the
p.u impedance of the load. (16)
(BTL- 5)

4. Examine the impedance diagram for the electric power system shown in fig showing all
impedances in per unit on 100MVA base. Choose 20KV as the voltage base for generator.
The three phase power and line-line ratings are given below.(16)
(BTL- 1)
G1 : 90MVA, 20KV, X=9%.
G2 : 90MVA, 18KV, X=9%.

T1: 80MVA, 20/200KV, X=16%.

T2: 80MVA, 200/20KV, X=20%.
LINE: 200KV X=120
LOAD: 200KV, S= 48MW + j64MVAR. (BTL- 1)

5. (i) The parameters of a four system are as under:

Line
Line starting
Line ending
Line
Line Charging
No.
bus
bus
impedance(pu)
Admittance(pu)
1
1
2
0.2+j0.8
j0.02
2
2
3
0.3+j0.9
j0.03
3
2
4
0.25+j1.0
j0.04
4
3
4
0.2+j0.8
j0.02
5
1
3
0.1+j0.4
j0.01
pointout the Network and find bus admittance matrix.
(12)
(BTL- 6)
(ii) Generalize the impedance and reactance diagram? Explain with assumptions. (4).
6. (i) discuss the primitive network matrix and represent its forms? Prove Ybus =At
[y]A using singular transformation?
[8]
(BTL- 2)
ii)Estimate the Ybus for the given network:
Element Positive sequence reactance
1-2
j1.0
2-3
j0.4
2-4
j0.2
3-4
j0.2
3-1
j0.8
4-5
j0.08
[8]
7. Estimate Ybus for the network by singular transformation: [16]
Element
E-A
E-B
A-B
B-C
A-D
C-F
D-F

Positive sequence
reactance
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.07
0.10

(BTL- 2)
(BTL- 2)

8. Examine modeling of transformer, transmission line, loads and generators for a load flow
study. And derive general load flow equations. [16]
(BTL- 3)
9. Give p.u impedance d i a g r a m o f the power system of figure . Choose base quantities
as 15 MVA and 33 KV.
(BTL- 2)
Generator: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X = 1.6 ohms.
Transformers T1 & T2 : 15 MVA, 33/11 KV, X = 15 ohms referred to
HV Transmission line: 20 ohms / phase.
Load: 40 MW, 6.6 KV, 0.85 lagging p.f.

.
[16]
10. Draw the p.u impedance diagram for the system shown in figure. Choose Base
MVA as 100 MVA and Base KV as 20 KV. [16]
(BTL- 1)

11. Explain in detailed the three major restructure Models? [16]

(BTL- 4)

12. (i).Explain the structure of modern power system with neat sketch. [8]
(ii).Describe about representation of loads. [8]
13. Estimate the per unit impedance diagram shown in fig below.

(BTL- 4)

Generator1: 30MVA, 10.5KV, X =1.6 ohms

Generator2: 15MVA, 6.6KV, X =1.2 ohms
Generator3: 25MVA, 16.6KV, X=0.56ohms
Transformer T1(3):15MVA,33/11 KV,X=15.2 HT Side
Transformer T2(3):15MVA,33/6.2 KV,X=16 HT Side
Transmission line: 20.5/phase
Load A: 15MW, 11KV, 0.9 LPF
Load B: 40MW, 6.6KV, 0.85 LPF (12)
(ii). Express the per unit equivalent circuit of single phase transformer? (4)

(BTL-2)

(BTL-2)

14. A 90 MVA 11KV 3 generator has a reactance if 25%.The generator supplies two motors
through transformer and transmission line as shown in fig. The transformer T1 is a 3
transformer, 100 MVA, 10/132 KV, 6% reactance. The transformer T2 is composed of 3
single phase units each rated, 300 MVA, 66/20 KV, with 5% reactance. The connection of T1
and T2 are shown fig. The motors are rated at 50 MVA and 400 MVA both 10KV and 20%
reactance. Taking the generator rating as base. Show reactance diagram. Reactance of the line
is 100. (16)
(BTL-3)

UNIT II: POWER FLOW ANALYSIS

PART: A
1. List the types of buses?
(BTL- 1)
2. Describe the need for slack bus?
(BTL- 1)
3. When the generator bus is treated as load bus?
(BTL- 1)
4. Extend the acceleration factor in Gauss Seidal Method?
(BTL-2 )
5. Give the functions of modern power system.
(BTL- 2)
6. Discuss the load flow or power flow study?
(BTL- 2)
7. Associate with load flow studies are important for planning the existing system as well as
the future expansion?
(BTL- 2)
8. Relate why bus admittance matrix is used in Gauss Seidal instead of bus impedance matrix.
(BTL- 3)
9. Show the general power flow equation.
(BTL- 3)
10. Describe the need for power flow study?
(BTL- 1)
11. Compare GSM and NRM with respect to number of iterations taken for convergence
and memory requirement.
(BTL- 5)
12. Demonstrate the Jacobian matrix?
(BTL- 3)
13. Explain the voltage controlled bus?
(BTL- 4)
14. Point out the load flow equations of Gauss seidel method.
(BTL- 4)
15. Compare GS and NR method.
(BTL- 5)
16. Explain what do you mean by flat voltage start?
(BTL- 4)
17. Compose the polar form of the power flow equations.
(BTL- 6)
18. Tabulate practical load flow problem.
(BTL- 1)
19. Define voltage controlled bus and load bus.
(BTL- 1)
20. Prepare the advantages and disadvantages of Gauss Seidal method.
(BTL- 6)

PART: B
1. Prepare the load flow algorithm using Gauss Seidal method with flow chart and discuss
the advantages of the method. (16)
(BTL- 6)

2. For the sample system shown in the fig. the generators are connected at all four buses
while the loads are at buses 2 and 3. Assuming a flat voltage start, examine bus voltages
and bus angles at the end of first Gauss seidal iterations and consider the reactive power
limitas 0.2 Q2 1 .
(16)
(BTL- 1)

Bus
1
2
3
4

P in pu
0.5
-1.0
0.3

Q in pu
0.5
-0.1

V in pu
1.040o
1.04pu
-

Remarks
Slack bus
PV bus
PQ bus
PQ bus

3. Explain the types of buses and derive the power flow equations in load flow analysis.
[16]
(BTL-2)
4. Derive N-R method of load flow algorithm and explain the implementation of this
algorithm with the flowchart. (16)
(BTL- 5)

5. The system data for a load flow problem are given in table.
(BTL-3)
(i) Compute Y bus.
(ii) Solve bus voltages at the end of first iteration by G-S method by taking =1.6. (16)
Line
no
1
2
3

Bus
code
1-2
1-3
2-3

Admittance
in pu
2-j8
1-j4
0.6-j2.6

Bus Pd in Qd in V in p.u Remarks

code p.u
p.u
1
-------- ------- 1.06
Slack
2
0.5
0.2
------PQ
3
0.4
0.3
-----PQ
6. Give one iteration of Newton Raphson load flow method and determine the power flow
solution for the given system. Take base MVA as100. (16)
(BTL-2)
LINE DATA:
Line
Bus
R(pu)
X(pu)
Half line
charging
From To
admittance in
pu
1
1
2
0.0839
0.5183
0.0636

BUS DATA:
Bus
1
2

PL
Mm
90
M
30

QL
20
10

7. ( i) Derive the static load flow equations of n-bus system.(8)

(BTL-4)
(ii) Compare GSLF, NRLF Methods.
(8)
8. Using Gauss Seidal method examines bus voltages for the fig shown. Take base MVA
as100, =1.1.
(16)
(BTL-1)

9. Solve necessary expressions for the off-diagonal and diagonal elements of the submatrices J1 , J2 , J3 and J4 for carrying out a load flow study on power system by
using N-R method in Polar form. [16]

(BTL-3)

10. The converged load flow solution is available how do you determine the slack bus
complex power injection and system total loss? [16]

(BTL-4)

11. Fig shown below a three bus system Bus 1:slack bus V=1.050 p.u. Bus 2:PV
busV=1.0 p.u, Pe=3 p.u.Bus 3:PQ bus PL=4 p.u,QL=2p.u. examine one iteration of load
flow solution by Guess seidel method.neglact limits on reactive power generation? (16)
(BTL- 1)

12.Figure shows the one line diagram of a simple three bus power system with generation
at buses at 1 and 2.the voltage at bus 1 is V=1+j0.0 V per unit. Voltage magnitude at bus 2
is fixed at 1.05 p.u. with a real power generation of 400 MW. A Load consisting of
500MW and 400 MVAR base. For the purpose of hand calculation, line resistance and line
charging susceptances are neglected.

Using Newton-Raphson method, start with the initial estimates of V20=1.05+j0.0 and
V30=1.05+j0.0, and keeping V2=1.05 p.u., examine the phasor values v2 and v3.perform two
iterations. (16)
(BTL- 1)
13. In the power system network shown in figure, bus 1 is slack bus with V1= 1.0 + j0.0 per unit
and bus 2 is a load bus with S2 = 280MW = j60MVAR. The line impedance on a base of
100MVA is Z = 0.02 + j0.04 per unit. Using Gauss seidal method, give V2.Use an initial
estimate of V2(0) = 1.0 + j0.0 and perform four iterations. Also find S1 and the real, reactive
power loss in the line, assuming that the bus voltages have converged. (16)
(BTL- 2)

14.A three bus power system is shown in fiqure.the relevant per unit line admittance on
100MVA base are indicated on the diagram and bus data are given in table. form Ybus and Give
the voltage at bus 2 and bus 3 after first iteration using gauss seidal method. Take the
acceleration factor =1.6. (16)
(BTL- 2)
Bus
Type
number

Generation
PG (MW)

Slack

PQ

25

PQ

Load
QG(MVAR)

PG (MW)

Bus voltage
QG(MVAR)

V(p.u) deg

1.02

15

50

25

60

30

UNIT III: FAULT ANALYSIS BALANCED FAULT

PART: A
1. Examine the order of severity and symmetrical fault?
(BTL- 1)
2. Define short circuit capacity of power system.
(BTL- 1)
3. Show the oscillation of short circuit current when an unloaded generator is subjected to a
symmetrical fault clearly marking sub-transient, transient and steady state regions.
(BTL- 3)
4. Discuss the prefault currents are usually neglected in fault computation?
(BTL- 2)
5. Examine the fault at various location of power system?
(BTL- 1)
6. Point out the various types of shunt and series faults.
(BTL- 4)
7. Distinguish between symmetrical and unsymmetrical short circuits.
(BTL- 2)
8. Define bolted fault?
(BTL- 1)
9. The Z bus method is very suitable for fault studies on large system infer?
(BTL- 3)
10. Summarize two approximations made in short circuit studies.
(BTL- 2)
11. How do Short circuits occur in power system and Summarize two objective of Short circuit
analysis?
(BTL- 2)
12. Discover the main differences in representation of power system for load flow and short
circuit studies.
(BTL- 3)
13. Compose, What is meant by doubling effect?
(BTL- 6)
14. Explain the need for fault analysis in power system?
(BTL- 4)
15. Explain the subtransient reactance and transient reactance?
(BTL- 4)
16. Summarize the reason for transients during short circuit?
(BTL- 5)
17. Formulate the fault calculation?
(BTL- 6)
18. Define synchronous reactance, transient reactance, sub transient reactance.
(BTL- 1)
19. Define fault level.
(BTL- 1)
20. Summarize the applications of short circuit analysis.
(BTL- 5)
PART: B
1. Explain the step by step procedure for systematic fault analysis for a three phase fault
using bus impedance matrix.
(16)
(BTL- 5)
2. A generator is connected through a transformer to a synchronous motor. The sub transient
reactance of generator and motor are 0.15 p.u and 0.35p.u respectively. The leakage
reactance of the transformer is 0.1 p.u . All the reactance are calculated on a common base. A
three phase fault occurs at the terminal of the motor when the terminal voltage of the
generator is 0.9p.u .The output current of generator is 1p.u and 0.8 pf leading. Find the sub
transient current in p.u in the fault, generator and motor. Use the terminal voltage of generator
as reference vector.
(16)
(BTL-4)
3. Two synchronous motor are connected to the bus of large system through a short
transmission line shown in fig. The rating of the various components is given. (16)
MOTOR (each): 1 MVA, 440V, 0.1 p.u.
Transient reactance line: 0.05 (reactance)
Large system: Short circuit MVA at its bus at 440V is 8
When the motor are operating at 400V, examine the short circuit current (symmetrical)
fed into a three phase fault at motor bus.
(BTL- 1)
.

4. Explain the step by step procedure to find the fault current of three phase symmetrical fault
by using thevenins theorem.
(16)
(BTL-4)
5. For the radial network shown in figure , a 3 phase fault occurs at point F. examine the fault
current.
(16)
(BTL- 1)

6. A symmetrical fault occurs on bus 4 of system shown in figure; examine the fault current,
post fault voltages, line flows.
(BTL- 1)
Generator G1 ,G2 :100MVA,20KV,X1=15%.
Transformer T1, T2:, Xleak=9%, Transmission line L1,L2: X1=10% (16)

7. Examine the bus impedance matrix using bus building algorithm for the given network.
(16)
(BTL- 1)

8. (i)Determine Bus Impedance matrix by Bus Building Algorithm. (8)

(BTL-4)

ii) Point out Bus impedance matrix. Describe the construction of Bus impedance matrix
ZBus using Bus building algorithm for lines without mutual coupling.(8)

9. A symmetrical fault occurs on bus 4 of system through Zf=j0.14 pu in figure. Using bus
building algorithm, calculate the fault current, post fault voltages, line flows.
(BTL- 2)
+
G1, G2:100MVA, 20kV, X =15%
Transformer T1,T2: Xleak=9%
Transmission line L1,L2 : X+=10%.(16)

10. A 3-phase 5MVA, 6.6 KV alternators with a reactance of 8% is connected to a feeder of series
impedance (0.12+j0.48) ohm/phase/Km through a step up transformer. The transformer is
rated at 3 MVA, 6.6 KV/33KV and has a reactance of 5%. Calculate the fault current
supplied by the generator operating under no load with a voltage of 6.9 KV when a three
phase symmetrical fault occurs at a point 15Km along the feeder.(16)
(BTL- 2)
11. Two generator are connected in parallel to the low voltage side of a 3 delta star transformer
as shown in figure. generator 1 is rated 60,000 KVA, 11 KV.generator 2 is rated 30,000 KVA,
11KV.each generator has a sub transient reactance of Xd=25%.the transformer is rated 90,000
KVA at 11 KV-delta/66KV star with a reactance of 10%.before a fault occurred, the voltage
on the HT side of the transformer is 63KV.the transformer is unloaded and there is no
circulating current between the generators. Calculate the sub transient current in each
generator when a three phase fault occurs on the HT side of the transformer.
(BTL- 2)

12. A generator transformer unit is connected to a line circuit breaker. the unit rating are:
Generator: 10MVA, 6.6KV; Xd=0.1 p.u, Xd=0.2 p.u and Xd=0.8 p.u
Transformer:10mva,6.9/33KV,X=0.08 p.u,The system is operating on no load at a line voltage of
30 KV, when a 3 fault occurs on the line jest beyond the circuit breaker. Solve
(i)The initial symmetrical rms current in the breaker.
(ii) The maximum possible dc offset current in the breaker.
(iii)the momentary current rating of the breaker
(iv) the current to be interrupted by the breaker and the interrupting KVA
(v)the sustained short circuit current in the breaker.(16)
(BTL-3)

13.A 11 kV, 100 MVA alternator having a sub-transient reactance of 0.25 pu is supplying a 50
MVA motor having a sub-transient reactance of 0.2 pu through a transmission line. The line
reactance is 0.05 pu on a base of 100 MVA. The motor is drawing 40 MW at 0.8 p.f. leading with
a terminal voltage of 10.95 kV when a 3-phase fault occurs at the generator
terminals. Solve the total current in generator and motor under fault conditions. (16)
(BTL-3)
14.A 25,000 KVA, 13.8 kV generator with Xd = 15% is connected through a transformer to a
bus which supplies four identical motors as shown in Fig. The sub transient reactance Xd of each
motor is 20% on a base of 5000 KVA, 6.9 kV. The three-phase rating of the transformer is 25,000
KVA, 13.8/6.9 kV, with a leakage reactance of 10%. The bus voltage at the motors is 6.9 kV
when a three-phase fault occurs at point p. for the fault specified, Point out
(i) The sub transient current in the fault (ii) the sub transient current in breaker A and (iii) the
symmetrical short-circuit interrupting current in the fault and in breaker A.
(16) (BTL-4)

UNIT IV :FAULT ANALYSIS UNBALANCED FAULTS

PART: A
1. Point out the order of severity and occurrence of different types of fault? (BTL-4)
2. Point out the
sequence network diagram for line to ground fault without fault
impedance.
(BTL-4)
3. Point out the
sequence network diagram for line to line fault with fault impedance.
(BTL-4)
4. Evaluate the
sequence network diagram for line to ground with fault impedance.
(BTL-5)
5. Explain the significance of sub transient reactance and transient reactance in short
circuit studies?
(BTL-5)
6. Describe the equation determining fault current in a generator when its reactance is
known.
(BTL-2)
7. Describe the symmetrical component of phase a in ters of the current.
(BTL-2)
8. Describe the equation for sub transient and transient internal voltage of the motor. (BTL-2)
9. Define doubling effect and DC off-set current.
(BTL-1)
10. Summarize different between sub transient and transient reactance.
(BTL-2)
11. Explain the features of zero sequence current?
(BTL-1)
12. Discuss the symmetrical components of three phase system.
(BTL-2)
13. Define negative sequence and zero sequence components.
(BTL-1)
14. Discover the unbalanced voltages Va, Vb and Vc in terms of
symmetrical components Va1, Va2 and Va0.
(BTL-3)
15. Discover the symmetrical components Va1, Va2 and Va0 in terms of
unbalanced vectors Va, Vb and Vc.
(BTL-3)
16. List the assumption is made for the star / delta transformer?
(BTL-1)
17. Define positive sequence and negative sequence impedances.
(BTL-1)
18. Demonstrate the zero sequence network diagram of a delta-delta
connected transformer.
(BTL-3)
19. In which fault, the negative and zero sequence currents are absent? Discuss. (BTL-1)
20. Develop the connection of sequence networks for line to-line fault without
fault impedance.
(BTL-6)

PART: B
1. Examine the sequence impedance of synchronous machine, transmission lines and
Star connected loads.
(16)
(BTL-1)
. 2. Label the transformer zero sequence equivalent circuits for the various winding
connections and delta connected load (16)
(BTL-1)
3. A 25MVA, 11KV, three phase generator has a sub transient reactance of 20%.
The generator supplies two motors over a transmission line with transformers at
both ends as shown in one line diagram a of figure. The motors have rated inputs of
15 and 7.5 MVA both 10KV with 25% sub transient reactance. The three phase
transformers are rated 30MVA, 10.8/121KV, and connection delta-star with leakage
reactance of 10% each. The series reactance of the line is 100 ohms. Label the positive
and negative sequence networks of the system with reactance marked in per unit. (16)
(BTL-1)
4. Examine the sequence network for a double line to ground (LLG) fault. (16) (BTL-1)
5. Give the positive, negative, Zero sequence diagram for the system whose
one line diagram is shown in fig. (16) (BTL-2)

6. A salient pole generator without dampers is rated 20 MVA, 13.6 KV and has direct axis
sub transient reactance of 0.2 per unit. The negative and zero sequence reactances are,
respectively, 0.35 and 0.1 per unit. The neutral of the generator is solidly grounded. With the
generator operating unloaded at rated voltage with Ean=1.0 0 per unit, a single line to
ground fault occurs at the machine terminals, which then have per -unit voltage to ground,
Va = 0; Vb = 1.013-102.25;
Vc = 1.013102.25
Give the sub transient current in the generator and the line to line voltage
for sub transient conditions due to the fault. (16)
(BTL-2)
7. Discuss the expression for fault current in single line to ground fault on unloaded
generator. Draw an equivalent network showing the inter connection of networks to
simulate single line to ground fault (16)
(BTL-2)
8. Show the expression for fault current in double line to ground fault on unloaded
generator. Draw an equivalent network showing the inter connection of networks to
simulate double line to ground fault (16)
(BTL-3)
9.show the expression for fault current in line to line fault on unloaded generator.
Draw an equivalent network showing the inter connection of networks to simulate double
line to line fault. (16)
(BTL-3)
10.A 25 MVA,13.2KV alternator with solidly grounded neutral has a sub transient reactance
os 0.25.the negative and zero sequence reactance are 0.35 and 0.01 p.u.respactivlyif a double
line to ground fault occuers at the terminals of the alternator. Point out the fault current and
line to line voltage at the fault. (16)
(BTL-4)
11. point out the expression for fault current for a line to line fault taken place through
impedance Zb in a power system. (16)
(BTL-4)
12. A Double Line to Ground fault occurs on line b and c at point F in the system of figure .
Point out the sub transient current in phase c of the machine 1.assuming pre fault current to be
zero. Both machine are rated 1200 KVA,600 V with reactance of X=X 2=10% AND
XO=5%.each tree phase transformer is rated 1200KVA,600V-delta/300V-star with leakage
reactance of 5%.the reactance of the transmission line are X1=X2=20% and X0=40% on the base
of 1200 KVA,3300V.the reactance of the neutral of the grounding reactors are 5% on the KVA
base of the machines. (16)
(BTL-4)

13. Calculate the sub transient current in each phase for a dead short circuit on the one phase to
ground at bus q for the system shown in figure below. (16)
(BTL-5)

14. The one-line diagram of a power system is shown below. (16)

The following are the p.u. reactances of different elements on a

common base.
Generator 1: Xg0 = 0.075; X n = 0.075; X 1 = X2 = 0.25
Generator 2: Xg0 = 0.15; X n = 0.15; X 1 = X2 = 0.2
Generator 3: Xg0 = 0.072; X1 = X2 = 0.15
Transformer 1: X0 = X1 = X2 = 0.12
Transformer 2: X0 = X1 = X2 = 0.24
Transformer 3: X0 = X1 = X2 = 0.1276
Transmission line 2 3 X0 = 0.5671; X1 = X2 = 0.18
Transmission line 3 5 X0 = 0.4764; X1 = X2 = 0.12
Prepare the three sequence networks and determine reactances Zbus0,Zbus1,Zbus2.

(BTL-6)

UNIT- V:POWER SYSTEM STABILITY

PART :A
1. A four pole,60HZ synchronous generator has a rating of 200MVA,0.8 power factor
lagging. the moment of inertia of the rotor is 45100 kg-m2.formulate M and H. (BTL- 6)
2. Define infinite bus?
(BTL- 1)
2. Infer the significance of critical clearing time.
(BTL- 4)
3. Discuss transient stability.
(BTL- 2)
4. Summarize assumptions upon transient stability.
(BTL- 2)
5. Define steady state stability limit?
(BTL- 1)
6. Explain transient stability limit?
(BTL- 5)
7. Examine, How to improve the transient stability limit of power system?
(BTL- 3)
8. Classify steady state stability limit. Define them.
(BTL- 3)
9. Discover the machine problems seen in the stability study.
(BTL- 3)
10. Give the expression for swing equation. Explain each term along with their units.
(BTL- 2)
11. Order are the assumptions made in solving swing equation?
(BTL- 4)
12. Define swing curve. What is the use of swing curve?
(BTL- 1)
13. Point out the control schemes included in stability control techniques?
(BTL- 4)
14. Generalize the systems design strategies aimed at lowering system reactance? (BTL- 6)
15. point out equal area criterion.
(BTL- 4)
16. Give the expression for critical clearing time.
(BTL- 2)
17. List the types of disturbances that may occur in a single machine infinite bus bar system
of the equal area criterion stability.
(BTL- 1)
18. Define critical clearing angle.
(BTL- 1)
19. List the assumptions made in multimachine stability studies.
(BTL- 1)
20. Explain the Multimachine stability?
(BTL- 5)
PART :B
1. Examine swing equation used for stability studies in power system. (16)

(BTL- 1)

2. Describe the equal area criterion for transient stability analysis of a system. (16)
(BTL- 2)
3. Interpret the computation algorithm for obtaining swing curves using modified
Eulers method (16)
(BTL- 2)
4. Examine a short note on
i. Factors influencing transient stability,
ii. Voltage collapse (16)

(BTL- 1)

5. Given the system of figure below where a three phase fault is applied at a point P
as shown.

Examine the critical clearing angle for clearing the fault with simultaneous
opening of the breakers 1 and 2. The reactance vales of various components are
indicated on the diagram. The generator is delivering 1.0 p.u power at the instant
preceding the fault. The fault occurs at point P as shown in above figure. (16)
(BTL- 1)
6. Examine the swing equation of a synchronous machine swinging against an infinite
bus. Clearly state the assumption in deducing the swing equation. (16) (BTL- 1)
7. (i) Derive Expression for critical clearing angle. (8)

(BTL- 2)

(ii) A 150 MVA generator transformer unit having an overall reactance of 0.3 p.u.
is delivering 150 MW to infinite bus bar over a double circuit 220 KV line
having reactance per phase per circuit of 100 ohms. A 3 - phase fault occurs
midway along one of the transmission lines. Give the maximum angle of swing
that the generator may achieve before the fault is cleared without loss of
stability. (8)
8. A 50 Hz, 500 MVA, 400 KV generator (with transformer) is connected to a 400
KV infinite bus bar through an interconnector. The generator has H = 2.5
MJ/MVA, Voltage behind transient reactance of 450 KV and is loaded 460 MW.
The transfer reactances between generator and bus bar under various conditions
are :
Prefault 0.5 Pu
During Fault 1.0 Pu
Post fault 0.75 Pu
Calculate the swing curve using intervals of 0.05 sec and assuming that the fault is
cleared at 0.15 sec. (16)
(BTL- 3)
9. Explain the modified Euler method of analyzing multi machine power system
for stability, with neat flow chart. (16)
(BTL- 4)
10. The single line diagram of a system is shown in fiqure.there are four identical
generators of rating 555 MVA,24 KV,60 HZ supplying power infinite bus bus
bar through two transmission circuits. the reactance shown in figure are in p.u.
on 2220 MVA,24 KV base(refer to the voltage side of the
transformer).resistance are assumed to be negligible. the initial operating
conditions, with quantities expressed in p.u on 2220 MVA,24 KV base is as
follows:
P=0.9,Q=0.436(over exited),Et=1.0<28.34,Eb=0.90081<0.
The generator are modeled as a single equivalent generator represented by the classical
modal with the following parameter in per unit on 2220 MVA, 24KVbase.

Xd=0.3,H=3.5MWs/MVA,KD=0.
circuit 2 experiences a solid three phase fault at point f, and the fault is cleared by
isolating the fault circuit. Calculate the critical clearing time and critical clearing angle
by computing the time response of the rotor angle, using numerical integration. (16)

(BTL- 3)
11. In the power system shown in Fig three phase fault occurs at P and the faulty line was
opened a little later. Find the power output equations for the pre-fault, during fault and
post-fault condition.if delivering 1.0 p.u jest before fault occurs, calculate cc. (16)
(BTL- 4)

12.(i)A 60HZ synchronous generator has a transient reactance of 0.2 p.u and an inertia
constant of 5.66MJ/MVA. the generator is connected to an infinite bus through a transformer and
a double circuit transmission line, as shown in fiqure.resistsnce are neglected and reactance
are expressed on a common MVA base and are marked on the diagram. the generator is
delivering a real power of 0.77 p.u to bus bar 1. Voltage magnitude at bus 1 is 1.1 p.u.the
infinite bus voltage V=1.06<0 p.u. evaluate the generator excitation voltage and swing
equation. (12)
(BTL-4)

(ii)A synchronous motor having a steady state stability limit of 200 MW is receiving
50 MW from the infinite bus bars. Find the maximum additional load that can be
applied suddenly without causing instability. (4)

13. (i) A 2-pole 50 Hz, 11kV turbo alternator has a ratio of 100 MW, power factor
0.85 lagging. The rotor has a moment of inertia of 10,000 kgm2. Evaluate H and
M.(6)
(ii) A 50 HZ generator is delivering 50% of the power that it is capable of
delivering through a transmission line to an infinite bus. A fault occurs that
increases the reactance between the generator and the infinite bus to 500% of the
value before the fault. When the fault is isolated, the maximum power that can be

delivered is 75% of the original maximum value. Evaluate the critical clearing
angle for the condition described.(10)
(BTL-5)
14. Develop the Runge-Kutta method of solution of swing equation for multi-machine
systems.(16)
(BTL-6)