The Urinary System

Course
Medical
Terminology
Unit IX
The Urinary
System
Essential
Question
What medical
terminology is
associated with
the Urinary
System?
TEKS
130.203 (c)
(1)(A),(B),(E)
2(B)
4 (A),(B)
Prior Student
Learning
None
Estimated time
2-3 hours

Rationale
Healthcare professionals must have a comprehensive medical vocabulary in
order to communicate effectively with other health professionals. They
should be able to use terminology of the Urinary system to discuss common
conditions and diseases.
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
define and decipher common terms associated with the urinary
system;
identify the basic anatomy of the urinary system;
analyze unfamiliar terms using the knowledge of word roots, suffixes
and prefixes gained in the course;
research diseases which involve the urinary system;
describe how urinalysis is used and interpreted as a diagnostic test;
and
explain clinical procedures and laboratory tests as they pertain to the
urinary system.
Engage
Search the web for a video of a kidney transplant or another urinary surgery.
You can find some short video clips at
http://video.about.com/surgery/Kidney-Transplant.htm. Show the video to
the class and explain that they will be learning vocabulary pertaining to the
urinary system.
Key Points
I. Major Parts of the Urinary system
A. Kidney
1.
Two bean-shaped organs behind the abdominal cavity -(retroperitoneal)
2. On either side of the spine in the lumbar region
3. Surrounded by a cushion of adipose tissue and fibrous
connective tissue (protection for the kidneys)
4.
Each kidney is about the size of a fist and weights from
4-6 pounds
5.
Cortex region
Cortex means bark as in the bark of a tree
6. Medulla region
Medulla means marrow
7.
Hilum
A depression on the medial border of the kidney
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B.

Ureter
1. Two hollow muscular tubes
2.
16-18 inches long
3.
Carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
C. Urinary bladder
1. A hollow, muscular sac
2.
Temporary reservoir for urine
3.
Trigone
a. A triangular region at the base of the bladder
b. The place where the ureters enter and the
urethra exits
D.
Urethra
1.
A tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the
outside of the body
2. Urination
a. Process of expelling urine through the urethra
b.
Also referred to as voiding
3.
Urinary meatus
The external opening of the urethra
4. Female urethra is about 1 inches long
5. Male urethra is about 8 inches long
a. Extends downward through the prostate gland to
the meatus at the tip of the penis
II. How the kidneys produce urine
A. Renal arteries
1.
Blood enters each kidney from the aorta by way of the R
& L renal arteries
2.
After the renal arteries enter the kidney, they branch into
smaller and smaller arteries
B. Arterioles
1.
The smallest arteries
2. Blood passes through the arterioles slowly and
constantly
C. Renin
1.
If blood pressure falls in the vessels of the kidney, the
kidney produces renin
2.
Renin is discharged into the blood and promotes
formation of a substance that stimulates the contraction
of arterioles
3. This increases blood pressure and normal blood flow in
the kidneys
D.
Glomeruli
1. Each arteriole in the cortex of the kidney leads into a
mass of very tiny, coiled and intertwined smaller blood
vessels called glomeruli (pleural)
2. Glomerulus (singular) is a collection of tiny capillaries
formed I the shape of a small ball.
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3.

There are about 1 million glomeruli in the cortex region

of each kidney
E.
Filtration
1.
Urine is produced by filtration
2. As blood passes through the glomeruli, water, salts and
urea and other waste products leave the bloodstream
F. Creatinine and uric acid
Waste products from the bloodstream
G.
Glomerular (Bowman) capsule
1. A cup-like structure that surrounds each Glomerulus
2. Waste products collect in the Bowman capsule
3. The walls of the glomeruli prevent large substances
(proteins and blood cells) from filtering into the capsule
a. Protein and bloods cells normally do not appear
in urine
H. Renal tubule
1. A twisted tube attached to each Glomerular capsule
2.
As water, sugar, salts, urea and other wastes pass
through the renal tubule, most of the water, all the
sugar, and some salts return to the bloodstream
3. All collecting tubules lead to the renal pelvis (a basin-like
area in the central part of the kidney)
I. Reabsorption
1. The active process of Reabsorption ensures that the
body retains essential substances such as sugar, water
and salts.
J. Secretion
1. The final process in the formation of urine
2. The waste products of metabolism become toxic if
allowed to accumulate in the body
3.
The waste products (acids, drugs, potassium) leave the
body in urine
III. Three steps in the formation of urine
A.
Glomerular filtration (water, sugar, wastes {urea and
Creatinine}, and salts)
B. Tubular Reabsorption (of water, sugar and some salts)
C.
Tubular secretion (of acids, potassium and drugs)
IV. Nephron
A. Combination of a glomerulus and a renal tubule forms a unit
B.
Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons
V. Leaving the Body
A.
The renal pelvis narrows into the ureter
B.
The ureter carries the urine to the urinary bladder
C.
The bladder (a muscular sac) temporarily stores urine
D.
As bladder fills, pressure increases at the base of the bladder
E. Individual notices a need to urinate and voluntarily relaxes the
sphincter muscles so urine can be passed out of the body
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VI. Urinary System root words

Root Word
(Combining forms)
Albumin/o
Azot/o
Bacteri/o
Cali/o, calic/o
Cyst/o
Dips/o
Glomerul/o
Kal/o
Ket/o, Kenton/o
Lith/o
Meat/o
Natr/o
Nephr/o
Noct/o
Olig/o
Py/o
Pyel/o
Ren/o
Trigon/o
Ur/o
Ureter/o
urethra/o
Urin/o
Vesic/o

VII.

What it means
Albumin (a protein in the blood)
Nitrogen
Bacteria
calyx
Urinary bladder
Thirst
Glomerulus
Potassium
Ketone bodies
Stone
Meatus
Sodium
Kidney
night
Scanty
pus
Renal pelvis
Kidney
Trigone (region of the bladder)
Urine (urea)
Ureter
urethra
Urine
Urinary bladder

Common Urinary Suffixes

Suffix
-poietin
-tripsy
-uria

What it means
Substance that forms
crushing
Urination: urine condition

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VIII.

Urinary Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviation
or acronym
ADH
ARF
BILI
BUN
CAPD
Cath
CCPD
CKD
Cl
CPCL
CRF
C&C
Cysto
ESRD
ESWL
GFR
HCO3
HD
IC
K+
KUB
Na+
PD
pH
PKD
PKU
PUL
RP
sp gr
UA
UTI
VCUG

What it means
Antidiuretic hormone vasopressin
Acute renal failure
Bilirubin
Blood urea nitrogen
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Catheter, catheterization
Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
Chronic kidney disease
Chloride an electrolyte excreted by the kidney
Creatinine clearance; also seen as CrCl or CLcr
Chronic renal failure progressive loss of kidney
function
Culture and sensitivity testing
Cystoscopic examination
End-stage renal disease
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Glomerular filtration rate
Bicarbonate an electrolyte conserved by the
kidney
Hemodialysis
Interstitial cystitis chronic inflammation of the
bladder wall
Potassium
Kidney, ureter, and bladder
sodium
Peritoneal dialysis
Potential hydrogen; scale to indicate degree of
acidity or alkalinity
Polysystic kidney disease
Phenylketonuria
Percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy
Retrograde pyelogram
Specific gravity
Urinalysis
Urinary tract infection
Voiding cystourethrogram

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IX. Common Urinary Vocabulary

Term
Arteriole
Calyx or calyx
Catheter
Cortex

Creatinine

Electrolyte

Erythropoietin
(EPO)
Filtration
Glomerular
capsule
Glomerulus
Hilum
Kidney

Meatus
Medulla
Nephron

Nitrogenous
waste
Potassium
(K+)
Reabsorption
Renal artery
Renal pelvis

What it means
Small artery
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
Tube for injecting or removing fluids
Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the
outer region of the kidney (cortical means
pertaining to the cortex).
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine
clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the
kidneys in removing Creatinine from the blood.
Chemical element that carries an electrical
charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are
necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves.
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cells by bone marrow.
Poietin means a substance that forms.
Process whereby some substances, but not all,
pass through a filter
Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus.
Also known as Bowman capsule.
Plural of glomeruli. Tiny ball of capillaries in the
kidney
Depression in an organ where blood vessels and
nerves enter and leave
One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of
the backbone in the lumbar region. The kidney
filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream.
Opening or canal
Inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is
the inner region of the kidney.
Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule
where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take
place in the kidney
Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in
urine
An electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a
proper concentration is maintained within the
blood
Process whereby renal tubules return materials
necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
Central collecting region in the kidney

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Renal tubule
Renal vein
Rennin
Sodium (N+)

Trigone
Urea
Ureter
Urethra
Uric acid
Urinary
bladder
Urination

Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is

formed after filtration
Blood vessel that caries blood away from the
kidney and toward the heart
Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood
pressure by influencing vasoconstriction.
An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by
the kidneys. It is needed for proper transmission
of nerve impulses, heart activity and other
metabolic functions.
Triangular area in the urinary bladder
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to
the urinary bladder
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the
outside of the body
Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine
Voiding; process of expelling urine; also called
micturition

X. Urinary System Diseases and Pathology

Disease/Pathology
Glomerulonephritis
Interstitial nephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Nephritic syndrome

Polycystic kidney disease

Pyelonephritis
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal failure

Renal hypertension
Wilms tumor

What it means
Inflammation of the glomeruli within
the kidney
Inflammation of the connective tissue
that lies between the renal tubules
Kidney stones; renal calculi
Nephrosis; group of clinical signs and
symptoms caused by excessive
protein loss in urine
PKD: multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts)
within and on the kidney
Inflammation of the lining of the renal
pelvis and renal parenchyma
Hypernephroma: cancerous tumor of
the kidney in adulthood
Kidney decreases excretion of wastes
as a result of impaired filtration
function
High blood pressure resulting from
kidney disease
Malignant tumor of the kidney
occurring in childhood

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Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes

Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted

adequately, or the kidney is resistant
to its effect
Insulin is not secreted adequately or
not used properly in the body.
Mellitus means sweet.
To pass through -- when the word
diabetes is used alone, it refers to
Diabetes Mellitus.

XI. Laboratory Tests

A.
BUN
1.
Blood urea nitrogen
2.
Measurement of urea levels in blood
B. Creatinine clearance
1. Measurement of the rate at which Creatinine is cleared
from the blood by the kidney
2.
This is an important test to assess the functioning of the
kidney
3. This test is an indicator of the glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), which normally is 90-120ml/minute
XII.
Clinical Procedures
A. CT Scan
1.
X-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other
views of organs and tissues
2. Useful in diagnosis of tumors, cysts, abscesses and
hydronephrosis
B.
KUB
1. Kidneys, ureters, and bladder
2. X-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters and bladder
3.
Shows the size and location of the kidneys in relation to
other organs in the abdominopelvic region
C. Renal angiography
1. X-ray examination of the blood vessels of the kidney
2.
Helps diagnose areas of bleeding within a kidney and
renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients
D. RP
1.
Retrograde pyelogram
2. X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after
injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the
ureters from the bladder
E. VCUG
1. Voiding cystourethrogram
2.
X-ray record of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained
while the patient is voiding
F.
Ultrasonography
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1.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

M.

Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency

sound waves
2.
The size of the kidney, tumors, polycystic kidney
disease and ureteral and bladder obstruction can be
diagnosed using ultrasound
Radioisotope scan
1. Image of the kidney after injecting a radioactive
substance into the blood stream
2. The imaging shows the size and shape of the kidney
and its functioning
MRI
1.
Magnetic resonance imaging
2. Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney
and surrounding structures in three planes of the body
Cystoscopy
1.
Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder
with an endoscope
2. A hollow metal tube is inserted into the urinary meatus
and passed through the urethra into the bladder
Dialysis
1.
HD
a. Hemodialysis
b. Uses an artificial kidney machine that receives
waste-filled blood from the patient bloodstream,
filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the
patients body.
2.
PD
a. Peritoneal dialysis
b. A peritoneal catheter is used to introduce fluid
into the abdominal cavity; chemical properties of
the fluid cause wastes in the capillaries to pass
out of the bloodstream and into the fluid; and,
then the fluid is drained out.
Lithotripsy
1. Urinary tract stones are crushed
2.
Uses shock waves directed toward the stone from the
outside of the body
Renal angioplasty
1.
Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
2. A balloon attached to a catheter is inserted into the
artery and then inflated to enlarge the vessel diameter
3.
Afterward, stents may be inserted to keep the vessel
open
4. A stent is a metal meshed tube
Renal biopsy
1. Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic exam

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N.

O.

2. May be performed through the skin or during surgery

Renal transplantation
1. Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
2. Renal failure patients may receive a kidney from a living
donor or from a cadaver
3. Best results occur when the donor is closely related to
the recipient
Renal catheterization
1. Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the
urethra into the urinary bladder
2.
Usually used for short-term drainage of urine
3. Foley catheter: an indwelling catheter held in place by a
balloon inflated with liquid

Activity
I. Make flash cards of urinary system terms and practice putting the terms
together with prefixes and suffixes to make new terms
II. Complete Urinary System Terms Worksheet
III. Complete the Urologic Case Studies
IV. Review media terms with the students using review games such as the
Fly Swatter Game or the Flash Card Drill (see the Medical
Terminology Activity Lesson Plan http://texashste.com/documents/curriculum/principles/medical_terminology_activities.pdf)
V. Research and report on diseases and disorders from the Urinary system
Assessment
Successful completion of the activities
Materials
Medical Terminology book
List of Urinary terms
Index cards
Markers
Urologic case studies
Urologic case studies - Key
Urinary terminology worksheet
Urinary terminology-Key
Accommodations for Learning Differences
For reinforcement, the student will practice terms using flash cards of the
urinary system.
For enrichment, the student will research and report on a disease or disorder
of the urinary system.

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National and State Education Standards

National Healthcare Foundation Standards and Accountability Criteria
Foundation Standard 2: Communications
2.21 Use roots, prefixes, and suffixes to communicate information
2.22 Use medical abbreviations to communicate information
TEKS
130.203 (c) (1) The student recognizes the terminology related to the health
science industry. The student is expected to:
(A)
identify abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols
(B)
identify the basic structure of medical words
(E) recall directional terms and anatomical planes related to the
body structure
130.203 (c) (2) (B) employ increasingly precise language to communicate
130.203 (c) (4) The student interprets medical abbreviations. The student is
expected to:
(A)
distinguish medical abbreviations used throughout the health
science industry; and
(B)
translate medical abbreviations in simulated technical material
such as physician progress notes, radiological reports, and
laboratory reports.
Texas College and Career Readiness Standards
English and Language Arts
Understand new vocabulary and concepts and use them accurately in
reading, speaking, and writing.
1. Identify new words and concepts acquired through study of their
relationships to other words and concepts.
2. Apply knowledge of roots and affixes to infer the meanings of new words.
3. Use reference guides to confirm the meanings of new words or concepts.
Cross-Disciplinary Standards,
I. Key Cognitive Skills D. Academic Behavior: 1. Self-monitor learning needs
and seek assistance when needed; 3. Strive for accuracy and precision; 4.
Persevere to complete and master task. E. Work habits: 1. Work
independently; 2. Work collaboratively
II. Foundation Skills A. 2. Use a variety of strategies to understand the
meaning of new words. 4. Identify the key information and supporting
details.

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URINARY SYSTEM TERMINOLOGY-Worksheet

Please write the meaning of the terms in the right column.
Term
Meaning
pyel/o
Renal Pelvis
pyelocystitis
pyelostomy
pyelotomy
pyelonephritis
pyelolithotomy
pyelectasis
pyelography
pyeloplasty
pyelitis
pyelocystostomosis
pyelonephrosis
pyelopathy
pyeloplication
pyeloscopy
retrograde pyelogram
IVP
ren/o
renography
renal failure = ARF / CRF
Rennin
renogastric
renogram
renopathy
renal calculi
renal biopsy
renal failure
renal scan
glomerul/o
glomerular
glomerulitis
glomerulonephritis
glomerulopathy
glomerulosclerosis
nephr/o
hydrohematonephrosis
hydronephrosis/nephrohydrosis
nephralgia
nephrectomize
nephrectomy
nephric

Kidney

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nephridium
nephritis
nephroabdominal
nephrocalcinosis
nephrocardiac
nephrocele
nephrocolic
nephrocolopexy
nephrocoloptosis
nephrocystanastomosis
nephrocystitis
nephrocystosis
nephrogenetic
nephrography
nephrology
nephroma
nephromalacia
nephromegaly
nephron
nephropathy
nephropexy
nephroptosis
nephropyeloplasty
nephropyosis
nephrorrhagia
nephrorrhaphy
nephrosclerosis
nephrosis
nephrostomy
nephrotomography
nephrotoxin
nephrotropic
meat/o
meatal
meatorrhaphy
meatoscope
meatoscopy
meatotome
meatotomy
cyst- cyst/o
cystalgia/cystodynia
cystectomy
cystitis
cystoadenoma
cystocele

Meatus (passage)

Bladder, Sac

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cystoenterocele
cystography
cystojejunostomy
cystolith
cystolithectomy
cystolithiasis
cystoma
cystometrography
cystopexy
cystoplasty
cystoplegia
cystoptosis
cystorrhagia
cystorrhaphy
cystorrhea
cystoscope
cystoscopy
cystotomy
cystoureteritis
cystoureterogram
cystourethrograhy
cystourethrography
vesic/o

Bladder

vesicotomy
vesicocele
vesicoclysis
vesicofixation
urethr/o
urethrorrhaphy
urethrostomy
urethrotrigonitis
urethrodynia/urethralgia
urethratresia
urethrectomy
urethrography/urethrograph
urethrometer
urethrorrhea
urethroscopy/urethroscope
urethrospasm
urethropexy
urethroplasty
urethrotomy
urethritis
TUR

Urethra

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ureter/o

Ureter

ureteral
ureteralgia
ureterectasis
ureterocolostomy
ureterocystoscope
ureterography
ureterohydronephrosis
ureteroplasty
ureteronephrectomy
ureteropyelitis
ureteropyelonephrostomy
ureteropyeloplasty
ureteropyosis
ureterolithiasis
ureteritis
ureterolithotomy
ureterocele
ureterolysis
ureterectomy
ureterotomy
ureterorrhagia
lith- lith/o
lithocystotomy
lithogenesis
lithology
litholysis
lithonephritis
lithotome
lithotomy
lithotripsy
lithectomy
nephrolithiasis
nephrolithotomy
lithoclast
azot/o
azoturia
albumin/o- albumin
albuminaturia
albuminuria
ur- ur/o, urin/o
urodynia
urography
urologist

Stone

Urea, Nitrogen

Urea, Urine

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urology / urinology
uroscopy
glycosuria
dysuria
nocturia
anuria
oliguria
pyuria
polyuria
hematuria
uremia / urinemia
diuretic
diuresis
enuresis
urinal
urinalysis
urinary
urinate
urination
urinometer
urinoma
BUN
OTHER TERMS:
micturate
incontinent
distention
retention
stricture
atony
bougie
flank
orifice
reflux
trigone
catheter
filtrate
meatus
sphincter
fulguration
retroperitoneal
polycystic kidney
specific gravity
cortex / medulla
pelvis
pyramid

Study of the urinary system, study of urine

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BPH
ATN

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures

Test/Procedure

Definition

PSA test
Semen analysis
Castration
Circumcision
Digital rectal examination (DRE)
Photoselective vaporization of the prostate
(Green Light PVP)
Transurethral resection of the prostate
(TURP)
Vasectomy

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URINARY SYSTEM TERMINOLOGY- Key

Term
pyel/o
pyelocystitis
pyelostomy
pyelotomy
pyelonephritis
pyelolithotomy
pyelectasis
pyelography
pyeloplasty
pyelitis
pyelocystostomosis
pyelonephrosis
pyelopathy
pyeloplication
pyeloscopy
retrograde pyelogram
IVP
ren/o
renography
renal failure = ARF / CRF

Rennin
renogastric
renogram
renopathy
renal calculi
renal biopsy
renal failure
renal scan
glomerul/o
glomerular
glomerulitis
glomerulonephritis
glomerulopathy
glomerulosclerosis

Meaning
Renal Pelvis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder
Creation of an opening into the renal pelvis
Incision of the renal pelvis
Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
Removal of a stone from the pelvis of the kidney
through an incision
Dilation of the renal pelvis
A radiograph of the ureter and renal pelvis
Surgical repair of the pelvis of the kidney
Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney
Surgical establishment of communication between the
Kidney and bladder
Any disease of the pelvis of the kidney
Disease of the renal pelvis
Shortening of the wall of the dilated renal pelvis
Examination of the renal pelvis
Endoscope is used to visualize the renal pelvis and ureter
A pyelogram in which a radiopaque material is given
intravenously
Kidney
Radiography of the kidney; recording of the kidney
Acute rise in the serum creatinine level of 25% or more
(Can last days or weeks before resolving)
Chronic (end-stage) renal disease
Enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates
vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone
Pertaining to the kidneys and stomach
Record of the rate of removal of an intravenously injected
dose of radioactive iodine from the blood of the kidneys
Disease condition of the kidney
A stone in the kidney
Obtaining renal tissue for analysis
Acute rise in the serum creatinine level of 25% or more
A method of determining renal function, size and shape.
A radioactive substance that concentrates in the kidneys
Glomerulus
Pertaining to the glomerulus
Inflammation of the glomeruli
Nephritits in which the lesions involve primarily the
glomeruli
Any disease of the renal glomeruli
Fibrosis of renal glomeruli associated with protein loss in

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nephr/o
hydrohematonephrosis
hydronephrosis/nephrohydrosis
nephralgia
nephrectomize
nephrectomy
nephric
nephridium
nephritis
nephroabdominal
nephrocalcinosis
nephrocardiac
nephrocele
nephrocolic
nephrocolopexy
nephrocoloptosis
nephrocystanastomosis
nephrocystitis
nephrocystosis
nephrogenetic
nephrography
nephrology
nephroma
nephromalacia
nephromegaly
nephron
nephropathy
nephropexy
nephroptosis
nephropyeloplasty
nephropyosis
nephrorrhagia
nephrorrhaphy
nephrosclerosis
nephrosis
nephrostomy
nephrotomography

the urine
Kidney
Bloody urine distending the pelvis of the kidney
Stretching of the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction to
urinary outflow
Renal pain
To remove, surgically, one or both kidneys
Surgical removal of a kidney
Pertaining to the kidneys
A segmented excretory tubule present in many
invertebrates
Inflammation of the kidneys
Concerning the kidneys and abdomen
Calcinosis of the kidney
Concerning the kidneys and heart
Renal hernia
Renal colic; concerning the kidney and the colon
Surgical suspension of the kidney
Excision of the renal capsule
Surgical formation of an artificial connection between the
kidney and the bladder
Inflammation of the kidneys and the bladder
Formation of renal cysts
Arising in or from the renal organs
Radiology of the kidneys
The branch of medical science concerned with the
structure and function of the kidneys
Renal tumor
Abnormal renal softness or softening
Enlargement of the kidney
Glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorbtion, a
secretion take place
Inflammatory, degenerative & sclerotic lesions of the
kidney
Surgical fixation of a floating kidney
Downward displacement of the kidney
Repair of the kidney
Purulence of a kidney
Bleeding of the kidney
Surgical procedure of suturing the kidney
Hardening of the connective tissues of the kidney
Degenerative changes in the kidneys
The formation of an artificial fistula into the renal pelvis
Tomography of the kidney after intravenous injection of
radiopaque contrast medium

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Page 19 of 30

nephrotoxin
nephrotropic
meat/o
meatal
meatorrhaphy
meatoscope
meatoscopy
meatotome
meatotomy
cyst- cyst/o
cystalgia/cystodynia
cystectomy
cystitis
cystoadenoma
cystocele
cystoenterocele
cystography
cystojejunostomy
cystolith
cystolithectomy
cystolithiasis
cystoma
cystometrography
cystopexy
cystoplasty
cystoplegia
cystoptosis
cystorrhagia
cystorrhaphy
cystorrhea
cystoscope
cystoscopy
cystotomy
cystoureteritis
cystoureterogram
cystoureterogram
cystourethrography
cystourethrography

Toxic substance that damages kidney tissues

Affecting the kidneys
Meatus (passage)
Pertaining to the flesh
Suture of the severed end of the urethra to the glans penis
A speculum for examining a meatus
Instrumental examination of a meatus
Knife with probe or guarded point for enlarging a meatus
by direct incision
Incision of urinary meatus to enlarge the opening
Bladder, Sac
Pain in the bladder
Removal of a cyst or bladder
Bladder inflammation usually from urinary tract infection
Tumor containing cystic and adenomatous elements
A bladder hernia that protrudes into the vagina
Hernia of the bladder wall
Radiograph of cyst into which a contrast medium has
been instilled
Joining of an adjacent cyst to the jejunum
Vesical calculus
Excision of a stone from the bladder
Formation of stones in the bladder
A cystic tumor
Graphic record of bladder pressure at filling stages
Surgical fixation of the bladder to abdominal wall
Plastic operation on the bladder
Bladder paralysis
Prolapse into the urethra of vesical mucous membrane
Bleeding of the bladder
Surgical suture of the bladder
Discharge of mucus from urinary bladder
An instrument for interior examination of the bladder
and ureter
Examination of bladder with a cystoscope
Incision of the bladder
Inflammation of the ureter and urinary bladder
A radiograph of the bladder and ureter obtained after
instillation of a contrast medium
Radiograph of bladder and ureter obtained after
instillation of a contrast medium
Radiography of the bladder and urethra
Radiography of bladder and urethra by using radiopaque
contrast medium

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Page 20 of 30

vesic/o
vesicotomy
vesicocele
vesicoclysis
vesicofixation
urethr/o
urethrorrhaphy
urethrostomy
urethrotrigonitis
urethrodynia/urethralgia
urethratresia
urethrectomy
urethrography/urethrograph
urethrometer
urethrorrhea
urethroscopy/urethroscope
urethrospasm
urethropexy
urethroplasty
urethrotomy
urethritis
TUR
ureter/o
ureteral
ureteralgia
ureterectasis
ureterocolostomy
ureterocystoscope
ureterography
ureterohydronephrosis
ureteroplasty
ureteronephrectomy
ureteropyelitis
ureteropyelonephrostomy
ureteropyeloplasty
ureteropyosis
ureterolithiasis
ureteritis
ureterolithotomy
ureterocele
ureterolysis
ureterectomy

Bladder
Incision of the bladder
Hernia of bladder into vagina
Injection of fluid into the bladder
Attachment of the uterus to the bladder or the bladder
to the abdominal wall
Urethra
Suture of the urethra
The formation of a permanent fistula opening
Inflammation of the urethra and the trigone of the bladder
Pain in the urethra
Occlusion or imperforation of the urethra
Surgical excision of urethra
Radiography of urethra
Instrument to measure diameter of urethra
Abnormal discharge from urethra
Examination of the mucous membrane of urethra
Spasmodic stricture of the urethra
Surgical fixation of urethra
Reparative surgery of urethra
Incision of urethral stricture
Inflammation of urethra
Transurethral resection
Ureter
Concerning the ureter
Pain in the ureter
Dilation of the ureter
Implantation of the ureter into the colon
Cystoscope combined with a ureteral catheter
Radiography of the ureter after injection of a
radioactive substance
Dilation of the ureter & pelvis of the kidney resulting
from obstruction
Plastic surgery of the ureter
Kidney and ureter removal
Inflammation of pelvis of the kidney and a ureter
Removal of the renal pelvis and ureter
Plastic surgery of the ureter & renal pelvis
Suppurative inflammation within a ureter
Development of a stone in the ureter
Inflammation of the ureter
Surgical incision for removal of a stone from ureter
Cystlike dilation of ureter
Rupture of a ureter
Excision of a ureter

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Page 21 of 30

ureterotomy
ureterorrhagia
lith- lith/o
lithocystotomy
lithogenesis
lithology
litholysis
lithonephritis
lithotome
lithotomy
lithotripsy
lithectomy
nephrolithiasis
nephrolithotomy
lithoclast
azot/o
azoturia
albumin/o- albumin
albuminaturia
albuminuria
ur- ur/o, urin/o
urodynia
urography
urologist
urology / urinology
uroscopy
glycosuria
dysuria
nocturia
anuria
oliguria
pyuria
polyuria
hematuria
uremia / urinemia
diuretic
diuresis
enuresis
urinal
urinalysis
urinary
urinate
urination
urinometer

Incision or surgery of the ureter

Hemorrhage from the ureter
Stone
Incision of the bladder to remove a kidney stone
Formation of calculi
Science dealing with calculi
Dissolving of stones
Inflammation of the kidney because of a stone
Instrument for performing lithotomy
Incision especially of the bladder for removal of a stone
Use of shock wave or sound waves to crush the stone
Surgical removal of a calculus
The presence of calculi (stone) in the kidney
Renal incision for removal of a kidney stone
Forceps for breaking up large calculi
Urea, nitrogen
Increase in nitrogenous compounds
To provide collide osmotic pressure. Prevent plasma loss
Presence of albuminates in urine
Amounts of serum protein
Uria, urine
Pain associated with urination
Radiograph of the urinary tract after the introduction of a
contrast medium
A physician who specializes in the practice of urology
Study of the urinary system, study of urine
Examination of the urine
Abnormal amount of glucose in the urine
Painful or difficult urination
Frequent urination at night (after bedtime)
Absence of urine
Low urine output (less than 400ml/day)
Pus in the urine
Excessive discharge of urine
Blood in the urine
In patients with renal failure
Increasing urine secretion
The secretion an passage of large amount of urine
Involuntary discharge of urine
Container into which one urinates
Analysis of the urine
Secreting or containing urine
Pass urine from the bladder
Release of urine from the body
A device for determining the specific gravity of urine

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Page 22 of 30

urinoma
BUN
OTHER TERMS:
micturate
incontinent
distention
retention
stricture
atony
bougie
flank
orifice
reflux
trigone
catheter
filtrate
meatus
sphincter
fulguration
retroperitoneal
polycystic kidney
specific gravity
cortex / medulla
pelvis
pyramid
BPH
ATN

A cyst containing urine

Blood, urea, nitrogen
To pass urine from the bladder
Loss of self-control
The state of being distended
The act of keeping possession or holding in place
Narrowing or constriction of lumen of a tube
Lack of normal tone of strength
A slender, flexible instrument for exploring and dilating
the organs
Part of the body between the ribs
The mouth, entrance, or outlet of any anatomical structure
A return or backwards flow
A triangular space between two openings
A tube passed into the body for evacuating fluids
The fluid has been passed through a filter
Passage or opening
Circular muscle constricting an orifice
Destruction of tissue using high frequency electric sparks
Behind the peritoneum and outside the peritoneal cavity
Multiple cysts on or in the kidney
Ratio of weight of substance compared to equal volume
of water
Outer layer of organ as distinguished from inner, or
medulla
Any basin-shaped structure or cavity
Any part of the body resembling a pyramid; cone-shaped
structures making up the medulla of the kidney
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Acute tubular necrosis

Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures

Test/Procedure
PSA test
Semen analysis
Castration
Circumcision
Digital rectal examination (DRE)
Photoselective vaporization of the
prostate (Green Light PVP)
Transurethral resection of the prostate

Definition
Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen
in the blood
Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid
Surgical excision of testicles or ovaries
Surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the
penis
Finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum
to examine the prostate gland
Removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic
hyperplasia using a green light laser (laser TURP)
Excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a

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Page 23 of 30

(TURP)
Vasectomy

resectoscope through the urethra

Bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas
deferens

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Page 24 of 30

Urologic Case Study #1

Fifty-six year-old women came to the clinic with a chief complaint of painless hematuria and
clots. Although she was not a good historian, she denied any history of urolithiasis, pyuria, or
previous hematuria. Nocturia had been present about 4 years. Endoscopy showed a carcinoma
located about 2cm from the right ureteral orifice. There was no sign of metastasis. A partial
cystectomy was carried out and the lesion cleared. A bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy showed
no positive nodes.
1. Which of the following was a previous symptom?
a. Excessive urination at night
b. Blood in the urine
c. Pus in the urine
d. Sugar in the urine
2. The term urologic refers to which system of the body?
a. Digestive
b. Respiratory
c. Endocrine
d. Excretory
3. The patients chief complaint was:
a. Small amount of urine
b. Pain on urination
c. Pus in the urine
d. Blood in the urine
4. What diagnostic procedure was done?
a. Lithotripsy
b. Urinalysis
c. Cystoscopy
d. Renal angiography
5. What was the patients diagnosis:
a. Malignant tumor of the bladder
b. Tumor in the proximal ureter
c. Lymph nodes affected by the tumor
d. Metastatic tumor of the ureter
6. What treatment was done?
a. Ureteroileostomy
b. Removal of tumor and subtotal removal of the bladder
c. No treatment was necessary
d. Removal of right ureter

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Page 25 of 30

Case Study #2
An eighteen-year old female athlete presents to the clinic with complaints of fever, dysuria, and
shaking chills. Her urinalysis is shown below.
Test
Color
Specific gravity
pH
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Bili
WBC
Bacteria
Sediment

UA Results
Amber yellow
1.040
8.4
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
100
Bacilli (rods)
WBC casts

Normal
Amber yellow
1.003-1.030
4.6-8.0
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
0
0
none

What is the probable diagnosis?

a. Diabetes mellitus with glycosuria
b. Glomerulonephritis with staphylococcal infection
c. Nephritic syndrome with albuminuria
d. Urinary tract infection with pyelonephritis

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Page 26 of 30

Case Study #3
Test
Color

Appearance
Specific gravity

Normal
Amber yellow

Clear
1.003-1.030

pH
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Bilirubin

4.6-8.0
None or small amount
None
None
None

Sediment

none

UA Results
Smoky-red (blood in urine): renal
calculi; tumor; kidney disease; cystitis;
urinary obstruction
Cloudy (pyuria): urinary tract infection
High: renal calculi; diabetes mellitus
Low: diabetes insipidus
Alkaline: UTI
Proteinuria: nephritis; renal failure
Glycosuria: diabetes mellitus
Ketonuria; diabetes mellitus
Bilirubinuria: hepatitis or gallbladder
disease
Casts: nephritis; renal disease

Name the appropriate test for detecting or evaluating each of the following:
1. Sugar in urine: _________________________________________________
2. Level of bile pigment in urine: _____________________________________
3. Hematuria: ____________________________________________________
4. Albumin in urine: _______________________________________________
5. Structures in the shape of renal tubules in urine: _____________________
6. Chemical reaction of urine: _______________________________________
7. Dilution or concentration of urine: _________________________________
8. Acetones in urine: ______________________________________________
9. Pus in urine: __________________________________________________

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Page 27 of 30

KEY

Urologic Case Study #1

Fifty-six year-old women came to the clinic with a chief complaint of painless hematuria and
clots. Although she was not a good historian, she denied any history of urolithiasis, pyuria, or
previous hematuria. Nocturia had been present about 4 years. Endoscopy showed a carcinoma
located about 2cm from the right ureteral orifice. There was no sign of metastasis. A partial
cystectomy was carried out and the lesion cleared. A bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy showed
no positive nodes.
1. Which of the following was a previous symptom?
a. Excessive urination at night
b. Blood in the urine
c. Pus in the urine
d. Sugar in the urine
2. The term urologic refers to which system of the body?
a. Digestive
b. Respiratory
c. Endocrine
d. Excretory
3. The patients chief complaint was:
a. Small amount of urine
b. Pain on urination
c. Pus in the urine
d. Blood in the urine
4. What diagnostic procedure was done?
a. Lithotripsy
b. Urinalysis
c. Cystoscopy
d. Renal angiography
5. What was the patients diagnosis:
a. Malignant tumor of the bladder
b. Tumor in the proximal ureter
c. Lymph nodes affected by the tumor
d. Metastatic tumor of the ureter
6. What treatment was done?
a. Ureteroileostomy
b. Removal of tumor and subtotal removal of the bladder
c. No treatment was necessary
d. Removal of right ureter

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Page 28 of 30

KEY
Case Study #2
An eighteen-year old female athlete presents to the clinic with complaints of fever, dysuria, and
shaking chills. Her urinalysis is shown below.
Test
Color
Specific gravity
pH
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Bili
WBC
Bacteria
Sediment

UA Results
Amber yellow
1.040
8.4
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
100
Bacilli (rods)
WBC casts

Normal
Amber yellow
1.003-1.030
4.6-8.0
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
0
0
none

What is the probable diagnosis?

a. Diabetes mellitus with glycosuria
b. Glomerulonephritis with staphylococcal infection
c. Nephritic syndrome with albuminuria
d. Urinary tract infection with pyelonephritis

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Page 29 of 30

Case Study #3
Test
Color

Appearance
Specific gravity

Normal
Amber yellow

Clear
1.003-1.030

pH
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Bilirubin

4.6-8.0
None or small amount
None
None
None

Sediment

none

UA Results
Smoky-red (blood in urine): renal
calculi; tumor; kidney disease; cystitis;
urinary obstruction
Cloudy (pyuria):urinary tract infection
High: renal calculi; diabetes mellitus
Low: diabetes insipidus
Alkaline: UTI
Proteinuria: nephritis; renal failure
Glycosuria: diabetes mellitus
Ketonuria; diabetes mellitus
Bilirubinuria: hepatitis or gallbladder
disease
Casts: nephritis; renal disease

Name the appropriate test for detecting or evaluating each of the following:
1. Sugar in urine: glucose
2. Level of bile pigment in urine: bilirubin
3. Hematuria: color
4. Albumin in urine: protein
5. Structures in the shape of renal tubules in urine: sediment
6. Chemical reaction of urine: pH
7. Dilution or concentration of urine: specific gravity
8. Acetones in urine: ketones
9. Pus in urine: appearance

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Page 30 of 30