PANTAI 2 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

- A SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PROJECT
by Sr Jailani Jasmani MRISM, ICECA
Kumpulan Ikhtisas Projek (M) Sdn Bhd

What is sustainable development?

development in which resource use aims to meet
human needs while preserving the environment so
that these needs can be met not only in the present,
but also for generations to come

Brundtland Commission
"development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
SR JAILANI JASMANI

Sustainable building (Green construction)

Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall
impact of the built environment on human health and
the natural environment by:
Efficiently use energy, water & other resources
Protecting occupant health & improve productivity
Reduce waste, pollution & environmental degradation

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Sustainable building
Sustainable building brings together practices,
techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately
eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment
and human health.
takes advantage of renewable resources e.g. sunlight
through passive solar, photovoltaic techniques, plants
and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and
reduction of rainwater run-off.

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Green architecture (sustainable design)

the philosophy of designing a building or
structure that is in harmony with the natural
features and resources surrounding the site.
Key steps in designing sustainable buildings:
specify 'green building materials from local sources,
reduce loads,
optimize systems, and
generate on-site renewable energy.
SR JAILANI JASMANI

Green architecture or sustainable design

Sustainable considerations during:
Planning and design stage
Construction stage
Operation & maintenance stage
Motives for building green:
environmental,
economic,
social benefits.
SR JAILANI JASMANI

sustainable development

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sustainable development

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Definition of Green Technology

the development and application of products,
equipment and systems used to conserve the natural
environment and resources, which minimises and
reduces the negative impact of human activities.

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Objectives of Green Technology

To minimise growth of energy consumption while

enhancing economic development;

To facilitate the growth of the Green Technology industry
and enhance its contribution to the national economy;
To increase national capability and capacity for innovation
in Green Technology development and enhance Malaysias
competitiveness in Green Technology in the global arena;
To ensure sustainable development and conserve the
environment for future generations; and
To enhance public education and awareness on Green
Technology and encourage its widespread use.

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Green Technology criteria

products, equipment or systems which satisfy the
following criteria:

minimises degradation of the environment;

zero or low green house gas (GHG) emission;
safe for use & promotes healthy & improved
environment for all forms of life;
conserves use of energy & natural resources;
promotes the use of renewable resources.

SR JAILANI JASMANI

OBJECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Such that:
collection of wastewater
treatment of wastewater
reuse of effluent (treated water)

SR JAILANI JASMANI

OBJECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

In a way that,
does not adversely impact health of humans & other species
preserve environmental quality & integrity of ecological
systems
recover energy & nutrients present in waste
utilize resources efficiently

SR JAILANI JASMANI

CHALLENGES IN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Rapid development in urban areas has increased
importance of sustainable wastewater management
complexity of its implementation
Complex due to:
increased population but limited land availability
work within developed community
work within developed infrastructure

SR JAILANI JASMANI

CHALLENGES IN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

Sustainable wastewater management has to address:
wastewater collection infrastructure issues
wastewater treatment issues
bio-solids reuse and disposal issues
effluent reuse issues
effluent dispersal issues
impact to environment
impact to social well-being of community

SR JAILANI JASMANI

CENTRALISED WASTEWATER COLLECTION

significant component of the overall cost (60 80%)
constructed beneath cities in a variety of soil conditions
pipes run in between buildings, roads, highways, railways
maintenance & repair of old pipes very costly
laying new pipes in urban areas very costly

SR JAILANI JASMANI

ECONOMICS OF WASTEWATER COLLECTION

cost to rehabilitate aging pipes

cost to construct new network
cost to decommission & construct new pump stations
cost to decommission & connect communal septic
tanks (CST)
cost to decommission & connect individual septic
tanks (IST)

SR JAILANI JASMANI

CHALLENGES TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE

WASTEWATER TREATMENT
to remove trace constituents
compliance with new regulations
sustainable energy use & management
design of treatment facilities (treatment process)
economics of treatment plants
social issues

SR JAILANI JASMANI

UNTREATED WASTEWATER vs TREATED EFFLUENT

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UNTREATED OR TREATED, IT GOES TO RIVER AND

EVENTUALLY TO THE SEA

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EXISTING PANTAI 2 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

SR JAILANI JASMANI

CHALLENGES OF EXISTING PANTAI 2 STP:

aerated lagoons - obsolete technology, inadequate
processing capacity ie limited volume of wastewater
lagoons may pose danger - safety issues
odour pollution
unsightly negative image
unusable large urban area

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Urgent need to upgrade sewage treatment facilities

to cater for higher volume of wastewater
to address environmental issues
to address safety issues
to address social issues
to optimise land use
to improve social well-being of surrounding
community

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Innovations & sustainability in wastewater treatment

need to consider:

land optimization
advancement in treatment process technology
resource recovery
minimize impact to environment
adopt green technology
optimise capital expenditure
optimise operation & maintenance (O&M) costs
SR JAILANI JASMANI

Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process (Advanced A2O)

Why Advanced A2O ?
CAS

EASS

SBR

A2O

High effluent quality

High effluent quality

High effluent quality

High effluent quality

Good sewage
treatment

Good sewage
treatment

High efficiency in
nitrogen &
phosphorus removal

High efficiency in
nitrogen &
phosphorus removal

Suitable for sewage

with high
requirements for
stability & purification

Ease of management

Capable to handle
impact load

Stable system
operation & capable to
handle impact load

Less residual sludge

Less residual sludge

Smaller footprint

Smaller footprint
Smaller tank volume

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Studies in China have shown that Advanced A2O

process technology:

saves up to 20% in capital expenditure

saves up to 30% in operating costs
saves up to 25% footprint area (translates to land cost)
Source: Zhuhai Delai Environment , China.

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Sustainable land use (land optimization):

STP built underground above ground becomes usable

area
process technology with smaller footprint i.e. smaller land
area
optimum capacity i.e. smaller tank size can cater higher
volume of wastewater

SR JAILANI JASMANI

WHY UNDERGROUND?
above ground can be used as sports, recreational &

community facilities
improve quality of life & social well-being of surrounding
community
enhance ecological system
provide positive landmark
promote green & sustainability awareness
improve image of sewage treatment plants
increase property value within the vicinity

SR JAILANI JASMANI

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Comparison of various types of STP in Malaysia

Sewage
Treatment
Plant

Treatment Process

PE

Process
Plant
Footprint

sqm/PE

Existing Pantai 2
STP

Aerated Lagoon

566K

136,600 m2

0.24

Jelutong STP,
Penang

Sequential Batch Reactor

(SBR)

1.2mil

32,000 m2

0.03

New Pantai 2 STP

A2O

1.43 mil

25,000 m2

0.02

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Advanced A2O
Biological reactor
Organic matters in sewage removed by microbes under aerobic

condition
Returning sludge to anaerobic and anoxic condition nutrients
are removed
Components of A2O reactor :

Pre-anoxic zone
Anaerobic zone
Anoxic zone
Oxic zone

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Process Treatment (Liquid Line)

Q3

Influent

Anaerobic Zone (A1)

Q1

Bio-Selector

Anaerobic Zone

Anoxic Zone
(A2)

Q2

Mixed Liquid
Activated Sludge

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Aerobic Zone
(O)

Clarifier

Effluent

SEWAGE INFLUENT

CLARIFIER

FINE SCREEN CHAMBER

ADVANCED A2O BIOREACTOR

AERATED GRIT & GREASE REMOVAL

BALANCING TANK
(OFF-LINE TYPE)

KLANG RIVER

TREATED EFFLUENT (STD. A)

UV DISINFECTION
(OPTIONAL)

SR JAILANI JASMANI

SR JAILANI JASMANI

GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Biogas power generator
Photovoltaic (PV) panels
Solar carport canopy
PV roofing for admin building and community
centre
PV for streetlighting (standalone)
Treated effluent reuse
Wastewater source heat pump
Rainwater harvesting
Aquatic skylight
SR JAILANI JASMANI

Wastewater Source Heat Pump

Biogas Generator

Effluent Reuse
(Subject to Further Study)
Solar Panel
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Rainwater Harvesting

GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Biogas Engine for Power Generation
Digester Sludge Reheating
Methane Gas from
Anaerobic Digester

Electricity Generation for Internal Plant Usage

SR JAILANI JASMANI

GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Biogas

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GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Solar PV System

SR JAILANI JASMANI

GREEN TECHNOLOGY
PV panels on top of roof for Admin Building & Community Centre

A sewage treatment plant that uses environmentally friendly solar energy, located
atSantuari de Lluc monastery.
SR JAILANI JASMANI

GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Effluent Reuse:
multi-media filtration (MM)

tertiary treatment
followed by ultra-filtration &
reverse osmosis (UF+RO)
able to produce 2,400 m3/day
of treated water for reuse
for in-plant operation e.g. water
for aquatic sky river

SR JAILANI JASMANI

GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Wastewater Source Heat Pump Technology
for Heat Exchange with Wastewater for Building Air Conditioning

Reduce Electrical Usage on Centralized Air Conditioning System

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Green Technology
Rainwater harvesting:
Malaysian rainfall 2,500 mm/annum

Benefits of rainwater harvesting:

Conserve water resources
Relief of demand on public water supply
Attenuation of peak runoff into storm water drainage
Reduce land erosion by rainfall
Reduce flashflood due to heavy downpour
SR JAILANI JASMANI

Green Technology
Aquatic skylight:
without skylight, it requires total illumination to the entire

underground plant = high energy consumption

aquatic skylight exploits sunlight to light underground maintenance
passageway

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Green Technology
Aquatic Skylight
There are 3 passage
ways along the
Pantai 2 STP
underground
portion that can be
furnished with
skylight features

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Admin Building for STP

Main function of the building is to
house the personnel and support
activities that facilitate the daily
operation of the plant.
- Administrative area
- Maintenance Room
- Laboratories
- Training Area

Community Facility
The main reception area which is
linked to a Multi-purpose hall for
wedding receptions, meetings and
other functions.
- The reception,
- Information counter,
- Management office,
- Cafeteria
- Surau.
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Outdoor Facilities

Basketball
Court

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Tennis
Court

Jogging
Track

Volleyball
Court

Futsal
Court

Football
Field

Sepak
Takraw
Court

Childrens
Playground

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
COMMUNICATION PLAN
Project Briefing
Session
Project
Documentation

Dialogue
Session
PR
Programme

Public
Community
Centre

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Minister/
Government
Official Meet
Session

Community
Gathering/
Functions

Communication Material
Leaflets for distribution to surrounding areas & during expositions
Pop up display will be displayed at Public Information Centre
Booklets to be published and put at the Public Information Centre
Communication Channel
Official website www.pantai2stp.com.my
Public Information Centre within project site
Social Media platform TV, radio, newspaper, website
Project Briefing & Community Engagement Sessions
will be conducted with local community from time to time on regular
basis
special events
Project Documentation
Coffee table book & video production
SR JAILANI JASMANI

RM(MILLION)

Prelims & Turnkey Elements

Earthwork
Piling & ground engineering
Operation Process
Temporary Treatment Facilities
Building Works
Infrastructure
M&E infrastructure
Spare parts
SCADA
T&C and Proving
Communication Plan
Provisional Sums
Maintenance during DLP
Sub-total
O&M (24 months)
TOTAL
SR JAILANI JASMANI

103.58
77.36
107.68
492.57
17.78
12.51
8.40
43.97
6.80
8.20
11.00
5.86
38.24
0.96
934.89
48.36
983.25

10,5%

11,1%

7,9%

8,3%

11,0%

11,5%

50,1%

52,7%

1,8%

1,9%

1,3%

1,3%

0,9%

0,9%

4,5%

4,7%

0,7%

0,7%

0,8%

0,9%

1,1%

1,2%

0,6%

0,6%

3,9%

4,1%

0,1%

0,1%

95,1%

100,0%

4,9%
100,0%

Cost analysis of Pantai 2 STP

Description

RM (mil)

RM/PE

Contract Sum (including O&M for 2 years)

983.25

688

Contract Sum less O&M

899.58

629

Contract Sum less turnkey elements and O&M

899.58

629

STP works only (including plant admin bldg)

827.59

579

Source: Sewerage Services Department Malaysia

SR JAILANI JASMANI

Cost comparison of several STP

Date Of Construction
Date Of Completion

PE Served

Bandar Tun Razak

STP

Pantai 1 STP

Pantai 2 STP

2004

2004

2011

100,000

377,000

1,423,000

2006

2007

Overall Cost

RM 106,000,000.00

RM 287,000,000.00

Type Of STP

Above ground STP

with no public
facilities

Above ground STP

with no public
facilities

Cost Per PE

Operation &
Maintenance

SR JAILANI JASMANI

RM 1,060

Not Included

RM 761

Not Included

2017

RM 983,246,360.00
RM 688
Under ground STP
with recreational
facilities and public
community center
Included

Cost comparison of various STP in Malaysia

SEWAGE TREATMENT
Process Technology
PLANT
Bayan Baru, Penang
Modified Oxidation Ditch (MOD)
JSTP, Penang

Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)

Puchong STP, Selangor

Advance Activated Sludge (AAS)

Bandar Tun Razak, KL

Damansara STP,
Selangor
Pantai 1, KL
New Pantai 2

Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)

Oxidation Ditch (OD)

Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)

Advance A2O (A20)

Source: Sewerage Services Department Malaysia

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PE

1.2mil
100K

377K

Year

RM/PE

2002

565

2006

1,060

2008

995

2007
2008
2007

1.43mil 2015

585
600
761
688

ORIGINAL PANTAI 2 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

SR JAILANI JASMANI

ARTISTS IMPRESSION OF COMPLETED PANTAI 2 STP

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SPECIAL THANKS TO:

Sewerage Services Department, Malaysia

Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia

Kumpulan Ikhtisas MECIP JV Malaysia (PMC)

BEWG (M) Sdn Bhd member of Beijing Enterprise Water Group

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KI-MECIP JV

TOGETHER WE SAVE THE EARTH

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