Important Instructions To Examiners:: (Autonomous)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
Subject Code: 17434
WINTER - 15 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by keywords and not as word-to-word as given in the model
answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to
assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance.
(Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.)
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the
figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give
credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant
values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidates answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant
answer based on candidates understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on
equivalent concept.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Q.
No.
Q.1
Question & its Answer
i)
List any four different units of pressure
Ans
1. Measured in pascal(Pa).
Attempt any Six of following
2. Measured in pounds per square inch(psi)
Rema- Total
rk
Marks
12
02
1/2
mark
each
3. Measured in kilogram per square of centimeter(Kg/cm2).

4. Measured in newtons per squre meter(N/m2).
5. Measured in terms of liquid columns. mmHg or mmWc.
ii)
Ans
Draw the block diagram of instrumentation system and label it

Diagram.
02
2
mark
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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iii)
Ans
State Seebeck and peltier effect

Seebeck effect: Seebeck effect states that whenever two dissimilar 01
metals are connected together to form two junctions out of which, one mark
junction is subjected to high temperature and another is subjected to low each
temperature then e.m.f is induced proportional to the temperature
difference between two junctions.
02
Peltier effect: Peltier effect state that for two dissimilar metals closed
loop, if current forced to flow through the closed loop then one junction
will be heated and other will become cool.
iv)
Ans
List the types of orifice plates.

1. Concentric orifice plates.
2. Eccentric orifice plates.
3. Segmental orifice plates.
02
1/2
mark
for
each
point
4. Quadrant edge orifice plates.

v)
Ans
List two methods for measuring humidity.

1. Hair Hygrometer.
2. Sling type Hygrometer.
3. Capacitive type Hygrometer.
02
1
mark
each
point
vi)
Ans
State the working principle of thermocouple

Thermocouple is a temperature transducer that develops an emf which is 2
mark
a function of temperature between hot junction and cold junction.
02
vii)
Clasify the following flowmeters as variable head or variable area

type.
02
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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Ans
1. Orifice plate Variable Head type.

2. Rotameter - Variable area type.
1/2
mark
each
3. Venture - Variable Head type.

4. Pitot tube - Variable Head type.
viii)
Ans
B)
i)
Ans
Define residual voltage in LVDT.

Residual voltage: Ideally the output voltage at null position should be 02
zero but in actual practice small voltage drop occurs at zero marks
displacement. It is called residual voltage
Attempt any two of following;
Describe the principle of operation of Doppler type ultrasonic flow
meter for flow measurement with a neat labeled sketch
Operating principle:Operating principle of this flow meter is based on
Doppler principle.
Diagram:
02
08
04
01
mark
for
diagra
m
Construction and working:
Figure shows construction of Doppler flow meter, in which

one crystal transducer emits an ultrasonic wave and the
wave is projected at an angle through the pipe wall into the
liquid.
The transducer is basically piezoelectric crystal with a heavy

backing to attenuate the unwanted rear movement.
Some parts of the ultrasonic wave are reflected by the liquid

particles and bubbles in the liquid and it is returned through
the pipe wall towards the transducer.
As the liquid flows through the pipe the particles and

bubbled in the liquid also moves these particles act as
03
marks
for
worki
ng
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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reflectors for the ultrasonic wave.
The particles and bubbles moving with the velocity of the

fluid, the frequency of the reflected wave is shifted
according to particle velocity, it is given by Doppler
principle.
Hence V f.
ii)
Describe how calibration of pressure measurement is done by using

dead weight tester.
Ans
Diagram
04
02
marks
for
diagra
m
Working:
02
The handle is fully drawn out and the oil is allowed to enter marks
in the cylinder (i.e. gauge and piston)
for
worki
A known accurate weight is placed on the platform. The area ng
of piston is also known; hence we can calculate the pressure.
Now the handle is turn to press in clockwise direction so that

the pressure will buildup on the gauge side as well as
platform side.
Increase the pressure by rotating the handle clockwise until
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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enough pressure is developed inside the cylinder and lifts the

platform with weights placed on it and it floats freely within
the limit stops.
Repeat the same procedure for different weights. In the same

way most of the pressure gauge are calibrated against dead
weight testers.
An error in dead weight tester is less than 0.1% in order to

reduce the friction between the piston and cylinder, the
piston is gradually rotated while a reading being taken.
iii)
Draw a neat setup diagram to measure level of a liquid in a tank

using a float and potentiometer. Also identify the primary sensor
and secondary transducer in the setup.
Ans
Float type liquid level indicator
04
02
marks
for
diagra
m
Diagram.
OR
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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Linear potentiometer liquid level gauge.

Diagram.
02
marks
for
As shown in fig 1 and fig 2 float acts as primary transducer that convert worki
liquid level into displacement. This displacement is sensed by secondary ng
transducer such as resistive type i.e. angular or linear potentiometer.
The resistance of POT is directly proportional to the liquid level in the
tank.
02
a)
Attempt any four of following

Draw the input-output characteristics of LVDT. Why is it called as
differential transformer?
Ans
Input-Output characteristics of LVDT:
16
04
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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02
marks
for
diagra
m
Explanation:
02
A differential transformer consist of one primary winding & two marks
for
secondary winding.
explan
The winding arranged concentrically and next to each other. When core ation
at center displaced two unequal voltage introduced in secondary
winding. To obtain single voltage at o/p these two winding are
connected in series opposition. Hence o/p will be difference of these
two voltage
Therefore V0=V1-V2.
Hence it is differential transformer.
b)
Ans
Why rotameter is called as variable area flow meter? State the

04
advantage of using a spherical float in rotameter.
Rotameter is called as a variable area flow meter because in rotameter 02
the area is varied i.e, bottom area is small and it increases towards top, marks
for
to maintain steady pressure difference.
definit
ion
Advantage of using a spherical float in rotameter(Any two)
1) Float has higher density than the fluid.
2) It gives direct visual indication on a linear scale.
02
marks
(1
mark
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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3) It has good rangeability.
for
each
point)
4) It has low pressure drop.

c)
Ans
(i) Working principle
(ii) Materials
(iii) Cost
(iv) Range of measurement
Paramete RTD
r
Thermistor
(i)
Working
principle
As temp of substance
increases resistance
also increases.
As temp of substance
increases resistance decreases.
(ii)
Materials
Material used in the

RTD are platinum,
copper, nickel,
tungsten etc.
Material used in thermistor

are manganese, copper,
cobalt, iron oxides etc.
(iii) Cost
High cost
Low cost
(iv)
-2000 C to 6500 C.
Range of
measurem
ent
d)
04
Compare RTD with thermistor with reference to:
1
mark
each
for
compa
rison
-1500 C to 3000 C.
04
List of applications of(any 4 each)

(i) Ultrasonic level measurement
(ii) Float type level gauge
Ans
Applications of (i) Ultrasonic level measurement

1) It is used for level measurement of hazardous liquids and solids.
mark
each
2)It can be used for both continuous and point measurements

3) It is used for level measurements containing liquid & solid with large
& hard particles.
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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4) The point measuring devices used for gas/liquid, liquid/liquid or

gas/solid interfaces.
Applications of (ii) Float type level gauge:
mark
each
1) It is used in overhead tank as level indicator.

2) It is used in continuous level measurement system.
3) Use to check the level of oil in a car engine.
4) Use at petrol/ diesel pumps to check underground tank level.
e)
Ans
Define:(i) Gauge pressure
04
(ii) Vaccum pressure
(i) Gauge pressure: It is defined as the difference between absolute 02

mark
pressure and atmospheric pressure.
Gauge pressure=PAbsolute-PAtmospheric
(ii) Vaccum pressure: It is defined as the pressure below zero or
02
negative pressure. It also called as differential pressure.
mark
Pvaccum= pressure below zero or negative pressure
f)
With the help of neat labeled diagram describe principle of

operation of hair hygrometer.
Ans
Diagram:
04
02
marks
for
diagra
m
Construction and Working:

1) Fig shows construction of hair hygrometer, it consists of bunch of 02
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Model Answer
Subject Code: 17434
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human hair which increases mechanical strength of instrument, arm marks

for
with pivot joints and pointer scale assembly.
worki
2) The element is maintained at slight tension by a spring. The hair ng
strands are generally arranged parallel to each other with sufficient
space between them for giving free access to the air sample whose
humidity is to be measured.
3) The indicator scale is directly calibrated to give a direct indication of
humidity. The pointer or recording pen is operated through mechanical
linkage.
4)As the relative humidity surrounding to that of hygrometer increases,
length of hair strands increase , which move the pointer on the
calibrated scale for maximum value.
Q3
a)
Ans
Attempt any FOUR of following

Write TWO examples of
(i)Active transducer
(ii)Resistive transducer
(iii) Inductive transducer
(iv)Digital transducer
Any two examples of each

(i)Active transducer: a)Thermocouple
b)Piezoelectric transducer
16
04
01
mark
for
each
c)Photovoltaic cells
d) Tachogenerators
(ii)Resistive transducer: a)Strain-gauge
b) Potentiometer
c)RTD
(iii) Inductive transducer: a)LVDT
b)RVDT
(iv)Digital transducer:a) Rotary Encoder
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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b)Optical Encoder
b)
04
Draw pressure measurement setup diagram using strain gauge &

state its working principle.
Ans.
02
marks
for
diagra
m
Fig a. strain gauge transducer with diaphragm element
Fig b. strain gauge bridge circuit.

Working Principle:
1) Strain gauge is a passive type resistance pressure transducer
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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whose electrical resistance changes when it is stretched or

compressed. It can be attached to a pressure sensing diaphragm
as shown in fig a.
2) When diaphragm flexes due to the process pressure applied on it
, the strain gauge stretches or compresses due to this its
resistance changes .
02
mark
for
princi
ple
3) As soon as the pressure is applied the strain gauge stretches or

compresses accordingly and the bridge circuit in fig( b) is
unbalanced due to the change in resistance of the strain gauges.
4) Thus a current flows in the galvanometer, Which is measured
by the deflection of the galvanometer, this change in output
voltage may be calibrated for the pressure change.
c)
Draw the diagram of rador level measurement .Write 1 advantage

and disadvantage of it.
04
Ans.
02
marks
for
diagra
m
Advantages:
01
mark
for
advan
tage
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Model Answer
Subject Code: 17434
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1) This is non contact technology.

2) High accuracy for measurements in storage tanks and some process
vessels.
Disadvantages:
1) Fairely expensive technology.
d)
01
mark
for
disadv
antage
04
An electric resistance bulb is made up of platinum wire, its

resistance at 00 C is 100.Determine the value at:
(i)-1000 C
(ii)+2500 C
(Assumption temperature co-efficient =0.385*10-2/0 C).
Ans
(i) Resistance at -1000 C

R0= 100 ,
t0= 00 C , Rt=?,
t1=-1000 C
02
marks
Relation between resistance & temperature for resistance

thermometer is
Rt=R0(1+t)
=100[1+0.00385(-100)]
Rt=61.5
02
marks
(ii) Resistance at 2500 C

R0= 100 ,
t0= 00 C , Rt=?,
t1=2500 C

thermometer is
Rt=R0(1+t)
=100[1+0.00385*250]
Rt=196.25
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Model Answer
Subject Code: 17434
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e)
04
Define terms:
(i)Absolute humidity
Ans
(ii)Relative humidity
02
marks
(i) Absolute humidity:
It is defined as a mass of water vapour present per unit volume.
Absolute humidity =
Absolute humidity changes as air pressure changes
Unit of absolute humidity is Kg/m3 or g/m3.
(ii)Relative humidity:
f)
Ans
02
It is defined as a ratio of moisture content of gas to the marks
maximum moisture the gas can contain at that temperature.
Unit of relative humidity-It is expressed in percentage(%).
Relative humidity =
Calculate the output resistance of PT 100 RTD for temperature

values 300 C and 750 C
02
a)For 300 C temperature:
marks
For PT 100:
R0= 100 at
04
t 0 = 00 C

thermometer is
Rt=R0(1+t)
assume
=0.385*10-2/0 C
Resistance at t=300 C,
Rt=R0(1+t)
=100[1+0.00385*30]
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Model Answer
Subject Code: 17434
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Rt=111.55
b) For 750 C temperature:

02
marks
For PT 100:
R0= 100 at
Rt=?,
t 0 = 00 C
at t=750 C

thermometer is
Rt=R0(1+t)
assume
=0.385*10-2/0 C
Resistance at t=750 C,
Rt=R0(1+t)
=100[1+0.00385*75]
Rt=128.87
Q4
a)
Attempt any FOUR of the following

Compare ultrasonic and radar level measurement with respect to
working principle and construction.
16
04
Ans
S
r
n
o
Paramet
er
Ultrasonic level
measurement
Radar level measurement
02
marks
for
each
compa
rison
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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Working
principle
It operates by
generating an
ultrasonic wave or
pulse and measuring
time it takes for the
echo to return.
Construct This gauge consist of

ion
an Ultrasonic
transducer which has a
set of transmitter and
receiver
In this method the changes

in the amplitude and/ or
phase of the reflected signal
is used to determine
material present i.e liquid
height.
The microwave signal is

generated by the source
which is directing constant
amplitude/frequency
modulated microwave
signal.
b)
Explain the principle of piezoelectric transducer. Name two

piezoelectric materials.
04
Ans
Principle of operation: When a pressure or force or vibration applied 02

to the crystalline material like quartz crystal or crystalline substances marks
then an e.m.f. is generated across the material or vice versa.
Fig. Piezoelectric Crystal
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Model Answer
Subject Code: 17434
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Materials:
1) Natural Crystals- Quartz crystal, Rochelle salt
02
marks
2) Synthetic Crystal-Barium Titanium

c)
04
List different thermocouples with:

i)Type
ii) Material
iii) Range
iv)Sensitivity
(Any four types)

Ans
S
r
n
o
Ther
mocouple
Materials used
Temperature
range/0 C
Sensitiv
ity
Copper/Constanta
n
Chromel/Constant 0 to 850
an
40 55
Iron/Constantan
-200 to 900
45 57
Chromel/Alumel
-200 to 1250
40 55
Platinum/Platinu
m 13% Rhodium
0 to 1600
5 12
Platinum/Platinu
m 10% Rhodium
0 to 1500
5-12
Platinum 6%
Rhodium /
Platinum 30%
Rhodium
30 to 1800
0.3 0.8
Tungsten/
Tungsten 26%
15 to 2800
3 20
V/0 C
type
-200 to 400
01
marks
for
each
type
15 -60
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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Rhenium
Tungsten 5%
Rhenium /
Tungsten 25%
Rhenium
0 to 2750
10 - 20
d)
State two advantages and two disadvantages of photoelectric pick

up type speed measurement method.
Ans
Advantages (any two points)
04
02
marks
1. No direct physical contact of the meter with rotating shaft whose

speed to be measured. Hence no additional load on the shaft.
2. Output is in digital format
3. No A/D converter is required.
4. Electronic circuitry is simple because the pulse amplitudes are
constant.
5. Continuous measurement is possible.
Disadvantages:
1. Life span of light source is limited.
02
marks
2. The accuracy of meter is depends on the error represented by

one pulse.
e)
Describe the working principle of bimetallic thermometer. State its

two merits and demerits.
Ans
Working principle:
Bimetallic thermometers used two fundamental principles:
04
02
marks
1. All metals expand or contracts with change in temperature.

2. The temperature coefficient of expansion is not same for all
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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metals therefore their rate of expansion or contraction is not

same. The difference in thermal expansion rate produces
deflections proportional to the change in temperature.
3. Bimetallic strip is made up of two different metals as the
temperature applied to the strip increases there is deflection of
the free end of the strip. The length of metal will change
according to the individual expansion rate.
Fig. Bimetallic Thermometer

Merits :( Any two points)
1. Easily installed and maintained.
2. Accuracy is good.
3. Wide temperature ranges are available.
01
mark
(1/2
mark
for
each)
4. Cost is very low.

5. Nearly linear response.
Demerits: (Any two points)
1. Calibration is disturbed if roughly handled.
2. Indicators are used to display.
3. It is suitable at local mounting only.
f)
Sketch constructional diagram of inclined manometer. State its

advantages and disadvantages.
01
mark
(1/2
mark
for
each)
04
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Model Answer
Subject Code: 17434
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Ans
02
marks
for
Diagr
am
Fig: Inclined Manometer

Advantages: (Any two points)
01
mark
1. Simple and time proven.
(1/2
mark
2. High accuracy and sensitivity.
for
3. Wide range of filling fluids of varying specific gravities is each)
available.
4. Its cost is reasonable.
5. Suitable for low pressure and low differential pressure
applications.
Disadvantages: (Any two points)

1. Large and bulky.
2. Need leveling.
01
mark
(1/2
mark
for
each)
3. Not portable.
4. Measured fluid must be compatible with manometer fluid.
5. No over range protection.
05
Attempt any FOUR of the following:
16
a)
Draw labeled diagram of Electromagnetic flow meter.
04
Ans
Diagram:
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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2
Marks
for
diagra
m
2
marks
for
Labeli
ng
Fig: Electromagnetic Flow meter

b)
Mention different temperature scales and give conversation

formulae.
04
Ans
Different temperature scales are(Any four)
02
Marks
(1/2
mark
for
each)
Conversion Formulae-(Any four)
02
Marks
(1/2
mark
for
each)
Rankine to Fahrenheit: R = F + 459.69

Rankine to Celsius: R = 9/5 C + 491.69
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Model Answer
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c)
Ans
List any eight points for selection of transducer.

Transducer is a device which transforms energy from one form to
another. The following points should be considered while selecting a 04
transducer for particular application.
marks
(1/2
1. Operating range
mark
for
2. Operating principle
each)
3. Sensitivity
4. Accuracy
5. Frequency response and resonant frequency
6. Errors
7. Environmental compatibility
8. Usage and ruggedness.
9. Electrical aspect.
10. Stability and Reliability
11. Loading effect
12. Static characteristics
13. General selection criteria
04
d)
With neat diagram, explain working of capacitance level

measurement.
04
Ans
02
Marks
for
diagra
m
Fig. Capacitance level Measurement.
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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The principal of operation of capacitance level measurement based upon

the familiar capacitance equation of a parallel plate capacitor given by:
e)
Working It consist of an insulated capacitance probe (which is metal

electrode) firmly fixed near and parallel to the metal wall of the
tank.
If liquid in the tank is non-inductive, the capacitance probe and the
tank wall form the plates of a parallel plate capacitor and liquid in
between them acts as the dielectric.
If liquid is conductive, the capacitance probe and liquid form the
plate of the capacitor and the insulation of the probe act as the
dielectric.
A capacitance measuring device is connected with the probe and the
tank wall, which is calibrated in terms of the level of liquid in the
tank.
When the level of liquid in the tank rises, the capacitance increases,
when liquid level in the tank decreases, the capacitance also
decreases.
This increase and decrees in the capacitance is measure and is
displayed on the indicated calibrated in terms of liquid level.
Which arenon-contact type tachometer? Compare them on the basis
of any two factors.
02
Marks
For
Worki
ng
04
Ans
Non-contact type tachometer2
A non-contact tachometers are those in which there is no direct Marks
for
contact between the instrument and the rotating shaft.
This type of tachometer produces pulses remotely, either types
influenced by magnetic and optical signal.
The different types of non-contact type tachometers are1. Photo pick-up type
2. Magnetic pick-up type
3. Capacitive pick-up type
4. Optical type
Comparison(Any two)
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Model Answer
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Sr. No.
Photo pick-up
It works on principle
of light reflection by
reflected mark.
Light source and
photodetector is used.
Magnetic pick-up
1
It works on the principal
of change in magnetic
field due to rotation.
2
Rotor teeth &magnetic
pickup sensor is used for
measurement.
3
External light may External magnetic field
affect measurement.
may
affect
measurement.
f) Draw the constructional detail of C type Bourdon tube and explain
its working.
2
Marks
(1
mark
for
each
Comp
arison
)
04
Ans
2
Marks
for
Diagr
am
Fig: C-Type Bourdon Tube
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
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OR
Fig: C-Type Bourdon Tube

Working C type bourdon tube is made up of an elliptically flattened tube bent
in such a way as to produce the C shape as shown in the fig. One
end free end of this tube is closed or sealed and the other end (fixed
end) opened for the pressure to enter.
The free end connected to the pointer with the help of geared sector
and pinion. Calibrated scale and pointer is provided to indicate the
pressure.
The cross section view of C type bourdon tube under normal

condition and pressurized condition is as shown in figure.
The pressure which is to be measured is applied to the bourdon tube

through open end. When this pressure enters the tube, the tube tends
to straighten out proportional to applied pressure.
This causes the movement of the free end and the displacement of
this end is given to the pointer through mechanical linkage i.e.
geared sector and pinion.
2
Marks
For
Worki
ng
The pointer moves on the calibrated scale in terms of pressure. The

relationship between the displacement of the free end and the
applied pressure is nonlinear.
Q. 6
Attempt any FOUR of the following:
16
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Model Answer
Subject Code: 17434
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a)
List application
transducer.
of
angular
potentiometer
and
capacitive
Ans
Angular potentiometer:
1. Used as secondary transducer in Level measurement.
2. Position and angular displacement measurement.
Capacitive transducer- (any two)

1. Used for measurement of linear and angular displacement.
2. Used to measure humidity in gases.
3. Used to measure volume, density.
4. Used in liquid level measurement.
5. Used for dimension measurement. e.g. thickness.
b)
04
2
Marks
(1
mark
for
each
point)
2
Marks
(1
mark
for
each
point)
Express the pressure of 260 mm Hg vacuum in absolute and gauge

pressures.
04
Ans
Vaccum pressure = 260 mmHg.
Here vaccume pressure is given therefore absolute pressure is less than
atmospheric pressure.
We know that Atmospheric pressure = 760 mm Hg.
Therefore,
Absolute pressure = Atmospheric pressure Vacuum
Pressure
= 760 260
2
Absolute pressure = 500 mm Hg.
Marks
The negative gauge pressure is also called as vacuum pressure.
Gauge pressure = 260 mm Hg.
c)
2
Marks
Differentiate between ventury and orifice plate type of flowmeters

on the basis of pressure recovery, construction, application and
cost.
04
Ans
parameters
Pressure
Ventury tube
Orifice Plate
Ventury tube operates It is variable area
1
Mark
for
each
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Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
_____________________________________________________________________________________
recovery
on the principle that

when restriction is
placed in the path of
flow, it produces
differential pressure
across the restriction
which is proportional
to the flow rate.
flow meter in which

the
differential
pressure
is
developed by using
orifice plate by
inserting it in the
path of the fluid
flow.
Used
to
measure
volume flow of blood
through vessels, waste
water applications
High
Useful in chemical,
feed,
milling
mineral,
paint
industry.
Low
point
of
compa
rison
Constructio
n
Application
Cost
d)
Determine working principle of radiation level measurement with

neat diagram.
04
Ans
Radiation level measurement is non-contact type liquid level 2

measurement technique. Radiation detectors are used where other Marks
electrical methods would not survive.
for
DiagramDiagr
am
Fig: Radiation type Level Measurement.
Page 27 of 30

(Autonomous)
Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Construction and working
It consist of gamma ray source holder on one side of the tank

and a gamma detector on the other side of the tank.
The gamma rays from source are directed towards the detector in
a thin band of radiation.
When gamma rays penetrate the thick wall of the tank, its energy
level afterwards is greatly reduced.
The radiation received at the gamma detector is inversely
proportional to the thickness of the walls and the medium
between the radiation source and detector.
The amount of radiation received is inversely proportional to the
amount of liquid between the radiation source and detector.
The difference in the amount radiation received by detector,
corresponds to the liquid level in the tank.
Thus, when liquid level rises, the amount of radiation received is
reduced and vice versa.
2
Marks
For
Worki
ng
princi
ple
e)
What is thermistor? State types of thermistor. State any four

advantages of thermistor.
04
Ans
Thermistor:
1
Mark
Thermistor is a contraction of term Thermal Resistor.
They are essentially semiconductors which behave as resistors with
a high negative temperature co-efficient of resistance.
Thermistors are widely used in such applications especially in the
temperature range of -60 C to+ 15 C.
Types of thermistors:
1
Mark
Page 28 of 30

(Autonomous)
Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Advantages of thermistors(Any two)

1. They have small size and fast response.
2. They are suitable for narrow span.
3. Their cost is low.
4. Greater sensitivity.
5. Due to large resistance, the contact or lead-wire resistance is
considered as negligible.
6. Compensation is not required.
7. Stability of the instrument increases with age.
8. They are adaptable to various electrical read out.
Marks
(1/2
mark
for
each)
f) Explain with neat diagram, diaphragm gauge pressure transducers.

Write the range of pressure that can be measured by diaphragm
gauge.
Ans
Diagram:
04
1
Mark
for
Diagr
am
Fig. Metallic Diaphragm
OR
Fig. Slack Diaphragm Gauge
Explanation:
2
Marks
Page 29 of 30

(Autonomous)
Subject Code: 17434
Model Answer
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The diaphragms can be in the form of flat, corrugated or dished

plates.
In high precision instruments the diaphragms are generally used
in a pair, back-to-back, to form an elastic capsule.
Two types of diaphragms are
1. Metallic Diaphragm Gauge.
2. Slack Diaphragm Gauge.
It consist of a thin flexible diaphragm made of materials such as
brass or bronze.
A pointer is attached to the diaphragm, the force of pressure
against the effective area of the diaphragm causes a deflection of
diaphragm.
In some cases the deflection of the diaphragm is opposed by the
spring to limit the deflection.
The motion of the diaphragm operates an indicating or a
recording type of instrument.
Pressure range(Any one)

1. Metallic diaphragm- 40 millibar to 600 millibar
2. Slack Diaphragm- 0.01 0.40 mm Hg (torr).
1
Mark
Page 30 of 30

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

Subject Code: 17434