US Army Aircrew Survival Kit

CO"
I
TECHNICAL REPORT
I'
NATICK/TR-80/012
TH
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O
US ARMY SURVEY OF AIRCREW

SURVIVAL KITS/VESTS
<$5>
by
i
Thomas H. Judge
JANUARY 1980
Approved for public release;
distribution unlimited.
UNITED STATES ARMY

iATICK RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT COMMAND
NATICK. MASSACHUSETTS 01760
Clothiig, Equiioent aid Materials Engiieeriig Laboratory

CEMEL 210
80 2 27 001
II t
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2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. J. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

nil > LkV Ulwl
S. TYPE OF REPORT a PERIOD COVERED
SURVEY JllVfc OF1
WIVAL KITS/VESTS0
Final
January 1980
*. PERFORMING ORG^RJEPORT NUMBER
CStffiL-210
7. AUTHORS
tf '
S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER/*)
Thomas H./Judge
> PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
*'
US Army Natick Research and Development Command

ATTN: DHDNA-VCA
Natick, Massachusetts 01760
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I. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
If. KEY WORDS (Continue on rereree elde II neeeetmry end Identity by Mae* number)
SURVIVAL KITS
SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT
SURVIVAL VESTS
CLOTHING
SURVIVAL(FER50HNEL)
RADIO EQUIPMENT
SURVIVAL RATIONS
LIFE RAFTS
CRASHES
SURVIVAL (GENERAL)
CONFERENCES
SURVEYS
ABSTRACT (Continue en reweree elde II waaamaj ana* Identity by Mack maalirj
For a number of years ai^revfiembers have complained of problems with

survival kits, vests, and components. These complaints have been debated
time and again with no resolution forthcoming to meet the comprehensive
crash survival needs of the aircrewmembera In an effort to resolve
these complaints, a survey was initiated throughout the U.Sa Army Aviation
Community to identify the problem areas and develop rationale for corrective action -o ^t^f f-o-fc
LDO jAtTn 1473
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SECURITY CLAWFtCATION OP THIS PAOC
Data Mntd)
UNCLASSIFIED
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eCUWITY CLASSIFICATION OP THIS PAOEfVh Data Snterad)
'4.
This report discusses results of the survey and conferences held following
completion of the survey Medical, Crash, Search and Rescue and Aviation
Community Data provided rationale for now approaches to survival kits and
vests. These approaches to reduce the amount of present day survival
components were modified by each conference and upgraded to improve the
aircraft crash survival environment. The reductions in helicopter crash
fires and the ability of rescue teams to recover crash survivors in six
hours or less has contributed to the need to replace present day non-essential
items with only essential, absolute need, survival components.
DT cTAB
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SUMMARY
This survey was initiated to identify problem areas concerning survival
kits and vests. This was accomplished with the outstanding support of
the US Army Aviation Community. The documented input identified problems
in design of the survival vest, the overburdening of the survivor with
non-essential survival vest items, and component designs that interfere
with aircraft exit and operation of flight controls. The survival kits
were cited for outdated items, food contamination, damaged components
and design concepts that no longer meet today's survival needs.
Recommendations are being proposed to develop a new vest to contain
only essential need items reducing bulk and interference of flight
controls, a survival environmental packet to provide individual essential
need for specified environment use, and an aircraft carry-on modular
kit system is being proposed for use by crewmembers and passengers, in
general, and on specified environmental flight missions.
This information can now be used to justify the assignment of US Army
Development Joint Working Groups for initiation of Letter Requirements
(LR) to develop and design new kits, vests, and components.
An Army Survival Kit and Vest Conference was held in St. Louis, MO on
15-16 Nov 78 to review the Survey Data and recommend corrective actions
or development programs. The survey recommendations were reviewed and
modified for presentation to Joint Working Groups for the initiation
of Letter Requirements (LR's). This conference also recommended that
the survival kits and vests of the other services, Air Force and Navy,
be reviewed with the possibility the Army could use survival vests,
kits, and components they had under development.
A TRI-Service Conference on Survival Kits and Vests was held at the
US Army Natick Research and Development Command, Natick, MA on 20-21
March 1979. The objective of this conference was to review with the
other services and Canadian Armed Forces,, any needs and requirements for
Survival Kits, Vests and Components. Search and Rescue personnel of the
US Coast Guard, the US Air Force Search and Rescue Command at Scott AFB,
IL and the Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Evacuation
Study Groups, were asked to present their views as rescuers on the present
survival equipment and what changes they would like to see.
This conference provided a different viewpoint on what's needed and
most useful during a rescue operation. The results have led to a new
design approach for the development of a survival vest that would provide
only essential day and night signal and communication equipment with
options for essential environmental needs. The Survival Kit would
complement the vest and provide optional essential survival equipment not
carried in the vest.
The survey and conference recommendations have been drafted into

requirement documents for future US Army development programs for
survival vests and kits.
These requirement documents will propose three programs be undertaken
to develop the following items:
1. An Aircrew Survival/Armor/Recovery vest to provide the aircrewmember with a survival vest that will have the capacity for retaining
essential survival signal and communication components, provisions for
attachment of an underarm life preserver, a fragmentation protective
carrie- containing an armor insert, storage pockets for essential
environmental survival components required in the environmental area
where the vest is to be used and provide for a hoist pick-up ring
and strap that will attach to a rescue helic pter hoist cable.
2. A Survival Environmental Packet to provide the aircrewmember

with essential environmental survival components for the Survival/Armor/
Recovery Vest. This will provide a means of immediate essential selfaid following an aircraft accident in a specified environmental area
such as; Hot Weather, Cold Weather, Arctic, and Over-Water Flights.
3. An Aircraft Modular Survival System that provides the aircrews
and passengers operating in all climatic regions a system for
emergency survival situations. This system will complement the
survival vest which will carry critical survival items on the body of
each individual. The modular container system stowed on board the
aircraft shall contain the remaining heavier, bulkier items for crew
and passenger use. The system will consist of a general container
supplemented by environmental containers designed for specified
environments where the aircraft and its crew or passengers are to be
flying at the time of survival need.
A TRADOC/NARADCOM Joint Working Group met at NARADCOM 11-12 September
1979. The attendees to this meeting accepted the basic recommendations
for the proposed draft Letter Requirements (LR's). The working group
then defined the survival and environmental components to be used in
the Survival Armor Recovery Vest, the Environmental Packet and the
Aircraft Modular Survival System.
These documents have been redrafted and are in the process of coordination
among US Army Aviation Agencies, USAF, US Navy, US Marine Corps, and the
US Coast Guard.
!
(
FOREWORD
This report represents the efforts and conclusions of US Army Aircrewmembers scattered throughout the US Army and National Guard Aviation
Community Stateside, Alaska, and Hawaii. The recommendations and conclusions are the results of conferences held 24 Jan 78 at Ft. Rucker,
AL; ALSE Management Steering Council Meeting held 7 Jun 78 in Atlanta,
GA; 16 Nov 78 in St. Louis, MO; the Survival Kit/Vest Conference'held
14-15 Nov 78 in St. Louis, MO; and the TRI-Service Conference on
Survival Kits and Vests held at USA Natick Research and Development
Command, (NARADCOM), Natick, MA, 20-21 Mar 79. The report's contents,
conclusions, and recommendations reflect the need to revise survival
kits and vests - to provide only the actually needed equipment for
aircrewmembers to survive an aircraft accident and reduce their
handicaps resulting from bulky and overweight survival kits and vest?.
The Survival Kit/Vest Working Group Chairman, Mr. Thomas H. Judge,
NARADCOM, was assisted in collecting and consolidating data for this
survey by: Mr. Raymond Birringer, USAAVNC, Ft. Rucker, AL; Mr. William
Jones, HQ FORSCOM, Ft. McPherson, GA; CW4 Jerry E. Nowicki, National
Guard Bureau, Edgewood Arsenal, MD; LTC Bruce Chase, T03G, Washington,DC;
Mr. James Bailey, US Army Safety Center, Ft. Rucker, AL; Mrs. Linda
Apponyi, DRCPO-ALSE, TSARCOM, St. Louis, MO; and Ms. Roberta Carnaroli,
NARADCOM. Their outstanding efforts contributed greatly to the success
of this survey and its total impact on the improvement of aircraft
crash survival.
The success of the 20 Mar 79, TRI-Service Conference on Survival Kits
and Vests is attributed to the following people and their presentations:
LTC Donald J. Marnon, USANARADCOM
LTC Franklin J. McShane, USARIEM
Dr. Ralph Goldman, USARIEM
Dr. Murray P. Hamlet, USARIEM
Major Steven Howell, USAF, AARS, Scott AFB, IL
CW4 John Vasko, 25th Infantry, Hawaii
CPT Phillip Webb, TRADOC, CDC, Alaska
CPT Donald Gibson, 172 Infantry Bdg, Alaska
LTC J. Wallington, Canadian Armed Forces
Major D. Corkbum, Canadian Armed Forces
CPT D. Martella, Canadian Armed Forces
W.O. P. J. Vandenburg, Canadian Armed Forces
Mr. J. Firth, National Defense HQ, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
MPCO D. J. Dugan, US Coast Guard, Mobile, AL
ASMC D. Gelokoska, US Coast Guard, Cape Cod Station
Mr. D. DeSimone, NADC, Warminster, PA
Mr. K. Troup, USAF ASD Wright Patterson AFB, OH
Ms. Alice Meyer, NARADCOM
Dr. Donald E. Westcott, NARADCOM
Mr. William Jones, HQ FORSCOM, Ft. McPherson, GA
Mr. J. Nowicki, National Guard Bureau, Edgewood, MD
Appreciation is also expressed for the outstanding administrative
assistance of Ms. Joanne Witt in the assembling of this report for
publication.
.Sfc*.
.-i
ri
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1
Summary
Foreword
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
Part 1 - Aircraft Crash-Survival Experiences
A.
Rescue Alerting Means
10
B.
Means Used to Locate Individuals
10
C.
Problems in Locating Individual
11
D.
Rescue Equipment Used
12
E.
r ^blems that Complicated Rescue
13
F.
Survival Problems Encountered
13
G.
Individual Physical Condition
14
H.
Factors that Helped Rescue
14
I.
Signal Devices
15
J.
Survival Radio
16
K.
Knife
17
L.
Survival Kit
17
M.
Use of Life Vests
19
N.
Use of Life Rafts
20
Part 2 - Problem Area Designation
21
A.
SRU-21/P Survival Vest
21
B.
OV-1 Vest for Mohawk Aircraft
22
C.
Survey Vest Recommendations
23
D.
General Survival Vest and Component Recommendations
2U
J,
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)

Page
24
E.
Overwater Survival Kit
F.
OV-1 Rigid Seat Survival Kit
25
G.
Survival Kit Hot Climate
26
H.
Survival Kit Cold Climate
26
I.
Survival Kit Reocmmendations
27
Part 3 - Medical Review of Food and Drug Contamination
27
Part 4 - Stock Review Defence Logistics Agency and

Prepositioned War Reserve"
30
Actions TaKen as a Result of the Survey

A.
US Army Survival Kit and Vest Conference
30
B.
Passenger Survival Support
31
r
C.
D.
TRI-Service Conference on Survival Kits and Vests
31
(1)
Survival Medical Evacuation
32
(2)
Search and Rescue in South East Asia
32
(3)
Overwater Search and Rescue
33
(4)
USAF and US Navy Programs
34
(5)
Canadian Arw.d Forces Survival Experiences
34
(6)
Conference Work Shops
34
(7)
Proposed Survival Kit and Vest Development Programs
35
TRADOC/NARADCOM Joint Working Groups Meeting
37
Appendixes
A.
Minutes of 14-15 November 1979 Survival Kit/Vest Conference

St. Louis, MO.
38
B.
Hinutes of 20-21 March 1979 TRI-Service Conference on

Survival Kits and Vests, USANARADCOH, Natick, MA.
44
C.
Minutes of 11-12 September 1979 Joint Working Group

Meeting, USANARADCOH, Natick, MA.
59
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1.
SRU-21/P Survival Vest
22
2.
OV-1 Survival Vest
23
3.
Overwater Survival Kit Individual
25
4.
OV-1 Rigid Seat Survival Kit
25
5.
Hot Climate Survival Kit
26
6.
Survival Kit, Cold Climate
26
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
1.
10
2.
Means Used to Locate Individual
11
3.
Problems In Locating Individual
12
4.
12
5.
Problems That Complicated Rescue
13
13
7.
14
8.
15
9.
Signal Devices
16
10. Survival Radio
17
11. Knife
18
12. Survival Kit
19
13. Use of Life Vests
20
14. Use of Life Rafts
20
15. Elapsed Time For Surviving Aviators
29
16.
29
Elapsed Time for Fatally Injured Aviators
17. Survival Time Coverage for Vest and Kits
36
US ARMY SURVEY OF SURVIVAL KITS/VESTS

INTRODUCTION
A survey of Survival Kits/Vests was initiated following a Training and
Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Aviation Life Support Equipment (ALSE)
Conference convened at Ft. Rucker, AL during January 1978 to review a
number of problem areas involving Aviation Life Support Equipment. As
an informal part of this conference a number of members reviewed the
needs and requirements for survival kits and vests.
With the assistance of representatives of US Army Training and Doctrine
Command, Forces Command, Office of The Surgeon General, The National
Guard Bureau, the US Army Safety Center, and Dept of Army Development
and Readiness Command, the "Survey on Survival Kits/Vests" was
initiated in July 1978.
The survey was addressed to the US Army Aviation Community in general
and they were requested to identify problem areas involving Aircrew
Survival Kits/Vests. The US Army Safety Center, Ft. Rucker, AL was
requested to review its data bank for accident data that would identify
aircraft crash and survival experiences. Office of The Surgeon General
was asked to review statements identifying survival food packet and
drug contamination.
The survey was divided into four parts:
Fart
Part
Part
Part
1
2
3
4
Aircraft Crash-Survival Experiences

Problem Area Designation
Medical Review of Drugs und Food Contamination
Stock Review of Defense Logistic Agency and Pre-positioned
War Reserve Inventories.
- tit* i
PART 1 -
AIRCRAFT CRASH-SURVIVAL EXPERIENCES
The first indication an aircraft accident has occurred is the notification

of the Airfield Control Tower or Flight Operations that an aircraft is
down. This survey asks the question; "How was the tower and operations
notified?" This is important information in order that the process can
be reviewed and improved for the future success of rescue and survival
recovery operations.
"How was the rescue team directed to the downed aircrewmember?" and
"What equipment was used to recover the survivor?" - all important
questions in need of answers for future survival radio or beacon designs.
The knowledge of the physical condition of the survival and his assistance
in a rescue recovery operation will aid in the development of minimedical kits to assist the injured in providing immediate self-aid while
waiting rescue.
The problem of identifying and locating the survivor should be of prime
importance for speedy rescue recovery for those that may be injured
and those down in enemy territory. This can only be done by identifying
those terrains and physical locations most used and developing new
equipment to meet the needs.
The accident data is collected at the time of accident de-briefing and
during the follow-on accident investigation. Pa^* of the data collected
is that reported on USAAAVS Form 87-70, Survival and Rescue Work Sheet.
These work sheets contain 2U blocks of information, however, we will
use only 9 blocks. These are considered to have revealed sufficient
information for this survey and separates private information regarding
the survivor. All action items on the form were numerically identified
for conversion to computer language for retrieval and application to
programs such as this survey's requirement. This data will assist in
identifying:
Fescue Alerting Means
Means Used to Locate Individuals
Problems in Locating Individuals
Problems that Complicated Rescue
The Individual's Physical Condition
Survival Equipment Used during Crash and Survival Recovery.
The operation of a rescue team is the most important function during
rescue recovery, thru these accident reports we can follow both the team
and the survivor in the recovery attempt to determine their success
during the rescue and what equipment provided them the greatest support
for success in the recovery of the downed aircrewmember.
,4
A.
Signal devices and survival radios were available, but being observed
by others was the prime means used to alert airfield control towers and
flight operations of a downed aircraft.
Other radio reports and May Day messages ranked high as alternate means
of alerting rescue activities.
The number of cases reviewed was 1,310. (Table I) Survival radios can
only be assumed as being part of the "Other Radio Report" category.
Table I outlines the top five methods used in alerting rescue teams.
TABLE l
RESCUE ALERTING MEANS
OPEN
GROUND
TREES
MOUNTAIN
OBSERVED
306
321
210
22
185
14
39
OTHER
RADIOS
123
96
74
14
55
RADIO
MAYDAY
U3
107
31
42
32
OTHER
TELEPHONE
72
79
54
17
18
LOSS OF
RADIO CONTACT
39
79
62
11
B.
DESERT * WATER
SNOW
BOGGY
Means Used To Locate Individuals
People observing tne accident were the basic means of directing rescue
teams to crash sites in most of the cases recorded during this data
period, 1969 - June 1978, without the aid of a signal.
The data has identified beacons, walki-talkie,
tapes, mirror, clothing, flares, strobe light,
being used at some time to direct rescue units
the survivors. The ranking of these items can
fire, telephone, reflective

and dye marker as all
to the accident scene and
be found in Table 2.
10
*__i
ICE
TABLE 2
MEANS USED TO LOCATE INDIVIDUAL
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
MEANS
COUNT
Accident observed
Accident site located w/o aid of signals or equipment
Individual located w/o aid of signals or equipment
Other aircraft orbiting scene to direct rescue personnel
Aircraft radio prior to accident
Telephone
Aircraft radio after accident
Survival radio
Survivor located rescuers
Radio/radar vector or DF steer
Fire
7oice
Pen gun flare
Smoke
Reflective surface
Mirror
Strobe light
Flight clothing
Smoke flare
Walkie talkie
Aircraft lights
Signal flare
Raft
Parachute
Reflective tape
Dye marker
Signals on surface
Other
88
45
41
40
28
27
25
23
15
15
12
12
12
8
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
26
Prepared by US Army Safety Center

C.
Problems in Locating Individuals
After reviewing 1288 cases, most of the survivors had no problems in

being located and identified after their accident, (Table 3) However,
trees and darkness created problems for rescuers attempting to reach
some survivors of a crash in a number of the cases reviewed.
11
w...
TABLE 3
PROBLEMS IN LOCATING INDIVIDUAL
ICE
SNOW 1 BOGGY
DESERT
WATER
230
19
149
] 16
37
91
57
34
15
18
153
80
REDUCED
VISIBILITY
13
72
71
LACK OF
CORRECT INFO,
28
50
31
17
OPEN
GROUND
TREES
NO
PROBLEMS
395
339
DARKNESS
26
TREES
D.
MOUNTAIN)
The rescue teams when arriving on the accident site, in most cases, used
the stretcher and first aid equipment. The Forest Penetrator was used in
the trees and the Helicopter Platform was used in open ground (Table U).
TABLE 4
RESCUE EQUIPMENT USED
OPEN
GROUND
TREES
STRETCHER
138
129
64
12
18
24
FIRST AID
EQUIP,
85
97
46
10
28
FOREST
PENETRATOR
49
39
11
iELIOOPTER
PLATFORM
25
16
19
15
14
OHFE
17
12
MOUNTAIN
12
^SST
=**
DESERT
WATER
SNOW
BOGGY
ICE
E.
Problems That Complicated Rescue
Darkness, fire, topography, and weather complicated rescue attempts

prolonging the arrival of aidi to injured personnel. Entrapment of
survivors in aircraft and in trees further delayed rescue efforts.
(Table 5)
TABLE 5
PROBLEMS THAT COMPLICATED RESCUE
OPEN
GROUND
F.
TREES
MOUNTAIN
DESERT
WATER
SNOW
ICE
BOGGY
DARKNESS
35
130
79
48
14
19
FIRE
36
140
12&
TOPOGRAPHY
12
113
no
20
10
12
WEATHER
26
88
72
34
17
11
DTHER
35
71
22
53
17
The major problem that must be dealt with during the rescue recovery
is the survivor that is incapacitated by injury. Trees further complicated
the situation by hampering the actions of rescue personnel in their
attempts to reach the injured survivor. (Table 6)
TABLE 6
SURVIVAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
OPEN
GROUND
TREES
MOUNTAIN
DESERT
WATER
SNOW
119
146
97
51
10
DAZED
63
49
30
3THER
37
58
29
29
16
DARKNESS
18
62
39
29
14
13
0ONFUS2D
29
63
48
13
INCAPACITATED
BY INJURY
ICE
BOGGY
13
-,
G.
The physical condition of the survivor is an important factor during

the time of rescue. If he is physically fit then he can go a long way
in providing rescue assistance. However, when a survivor is injured,
the rescue outcome can become questionable based on the extent and
the seriousness of the injury. The data bank revealed a large number
were able to assist rescue personnel in their recovery. However, there
were a number of survivors reported fatal on recovery due to injuries
sustained during the accident in predominantly tree areas.
An equal percentage of survivors were able to partially assist rescue
teams because of their injuries and less than a half of a percent were
lost during a rescue over water. (Table 7)
TABLE 7
INDIVIDUAL PHYSICAL CONDITION
OPEN
GROUND
TREES
MOUNTAIN
DESERT
WATER
SNOW
BOGGY
ICE
228
191
22
155
20
32
FATAL ON
RECOVERY
62
181
134
29
lU
PARTIALLY
ABLE TO ASSIST
97
132
72
29
10
IMMOBILE
3R UNCONSCIOUS
66
42
27
FATAL ON
lECOV, DROWNED
32
FULLY ABLE
TO ASSIST
H.
The training of rescue personnel is vital to the successful recovery

of an aircraft accident survivor.
The coordination of all rescue equipment and personnel as a working unit
and the availability of this equipment to assist in the recovery operations
at accident sites has been identified by the data as a leading contribution
to the success of the recovery of aircraft accident victims. (Table 8)
14
TABLE 8
FACTORS THAT HELPED RESCUE
WATER
TREES
MOUNTAIN
DESERT
CRAINING OF
IESCUE FERS
134
236
151
19
79
22
ORDINATION
)F RESCUE
140
177
94
10
65
17
37
AVAILABILITY
DF RESCUE EQUIP , 112
1D8
54
10
72
10
13
SNOW
BOGGY
SUITABILITY
)F RESCUE
53
85
38
12
11
RE-ACCIDENT
=LANNING
76
57
20
17
13
I.
Signal Devices
The availability rate for the signal device, although not specifically
identified, was high, and the need for signal devices was indicated in
the cases reported. The greatest need was during rescue when a number
failed. Trees and mountains are areas where they were utilized ths most
(Table 9).
15
ICE
OPEN
GROUND
TABLE 9
SIGNAL DEVICES
OPEN
GBQUND
REQUIRED
WATLAHT.K
USED DOSING
ACCIDENT
USED DURING
SURVIVAL
USED DURING
RESCUE
NEEDED DURING
ACCIDENT
NEEDED DURING
SURVIVAL
NEEDED DURING
RESCUE
DISCARDED
1 LOST
! FAILED
j RESCUE
J.
94
123
TREES
MOUNTAINS
192
156
194
22
154
13
DESERT
WATER
Ik
36
i+6
30
18
IS
36
60
36
4
6
4
6
Survival Radio
The Survival Radio is a must with everyone that flies military aircraft.
It is known that on many occasions aircrewmembers have been carrying
two radios in the event one doesn't work. These radios were available
when needed; however, they also had a substantial failure rate.
This failure rate is substantiated by the amount of correspondence
received during this survey from field activities where some have
reported a failure ratio as high as twenty-five percent.
The radio plays an active part in rescues, and it was during water
rescue operations that a number of those used failed during recovery
of the survivor (Table 10).
16
-J
!
i
3
4
12
:
;
TABLE 10
SURVIVAL RADIO
QBOUND
TREES
102
113
4
127
114
USED DURING
SURVIVAL
11
USED DURING
RESCUE
38
55
REQUIRED
AVAILABLE
USED DURING
ACCL3WT
MOUNTAINS
DESERT
91
73
4
12
24
NEEDED DURING
ACCIDENT
NKM1M) DURING
SURVIVAL
15
NEEDED DURING
RESCUE
50
70
27
2
1
3
4
11
4
12
DISCARDED
LOST
FAILED
ACCIDENT
FAILED
RESCUE
K.
22
19
Knife
The type of knife used during these accidents was not identified for
the data collected. It was available most of the time, when required.
(Table 11)
L.
Survival Kit
The identity of the survival kit and its type are not detailed in the
data. They were available when required and had a small failure rate
most of the time. (Table 12)
17
*SSAS
WATER
TABLE 11
KNIFE
OPEN
GROUND
REQUIRED
AVAILABLE
53
31
ESCAPE
USED DURING
SURVIVAL
TREES
MOUNTAINS
WATER
NEEDED DURING
ESCAPE
SNOW
ECGGI
52
52
3
70
69
3
5
13
10
NEEDED DURING
SURVIVAL
NEEDED DURING
RESCUE
30
23
FAILED
ESCAPE
FAILED
RESCUE
ICE
USED DURING
.RESCUE
LOST
DESERT
2
1
18
-=SE
- ...JJU
TABLE 12
SURVIVAL KIT
OPEN
GROUND
RHJUTRED
AVAILABLE
90
U3
MOUNTAINS
TREES
92
33
DESERT
WATER SNOW
BOGST
81
77
USED DURING
ACCIDENT
USED DURING
SURVIVAL
11
11
USED DURING
RESCUE
11
NEEDED DURING
SURVIVAL
15
20
NEEDED DURING
15
31
20
1
9
NEEDED DURING
ACCIDENT
ascira
DISCARDED
LOST
FAILED
SURVIVAL
FAILED
RESCUE
M.
1
6
Use of Life Vests
The need for a life vest is dependent on the flight over water areas large
enough to prevent the planes from entering a return glide path to land.
Exception to this can be noted in the data which reveals that life vests
were available when needed even in the open ground and in trees. This
can only lead to the conclusion that they were used during emergency flood
conditions, recovering flood victims when the accident took place. The
failure ratio is "0", which is the way all survival equipment should be.
(Table 13)
19
J3fc^
TABLE 13
USB OF LIFE VESTS

OPEN
GROUND
N.
TREES
REQUIRED
13
AVAILABLE
USED DRING
SURVIVAL
USED DURING
RESCUE
NEEDED DURING
SURVIVAL
NKKDTD DURING
RESCUE
LOST
17
MOUNTAINS
DESERT WATER
SNOW BOGGY
14
6
12
7
2
IS
1
1
Uce of Life Rafts
The type and identification of the raft recorded in this data is not
known, for there are several size rafts available for use. The availability rate met the need very well; however, out of the 56 cases reported,
six rafts were lost, and the failure rate was low. (Table 1*)
TABLE 14
USE OF LITE RAFTS
OPEN
GROUND
AHJUIRED
AVAILABLE
USED DURING
SURVIVAL
NEEDED DURING
SURVIVAL
DISCARDED
LOST
RESCUE
TRWS
MOUNTAINS
DESERT
ID
18
WATER SNOW
BOGGY
23
12
5
6
13
22
1
4
20
-^
v.v-s".:
... .,
-"4
- .-'liuu
PART 2 - PROBLEM AREA DESIGNATION

All major aviation commands were tasked to survey their supporting
elements in regards to complaints and recommendations identified
on the presently issued items of Survival Kits and Vests, and the
survival components installed in each kit and vest. All units
were asked to examine their problem areas with attention to:
Requisitioning and Supply Support.
Quality of items received.
Fitness of Kit/Vest and components to meet survival needs.
Design of Kit/Vest to meet requirements.
Maintenance Support.
Actual Aircraft Crash Survive! Experiences.
Food and Drug spoilage or convamination.
The above action was expected to open Pandora's box, however, over
ninety percent of the results received have been constructive
with only a very small amount of unrealistic proposals.
The results were sent by aviation units to their Command Headquarters
where they were consolidated and forwarded to Natick Research and
Development Command for review and inclusion in the overall survey.
This effort did achieve what it set out to do: to get the entire
aviation community involved in this survey, for only with their
input can new requirements be initiated.
The problems, recommendations, and rationale are those of the
individual submitter. They have been consolidated under individual
survival Kits/Vests in order to present a total view of the problem
area.
A.
SRU-21P Survival Vest (Figure 1)
This vest is the most used and attacked survival item in the survival
inventory. It draws more attention due to everyday visibility and
represents to the wearer a small means of immediate self-survival
following an aircraft accident.
Comfort, poor fit, bulky design, and nylon materials are of great
concern in view of possible secondary injuries that may be caused
by failure to exit the aircraft and burns that may result from the
crash. Pocket design impacts on the operational performance of
the wearer and can interfere with the motion of the aircraft controls
during flight operations.
p
H
21
A*
f-mntm
: jj
There are too many survival components installed in the survival

vest that have no immediate actual need for being there such as:
38-cal holster, tourniquet, fishing net, and .38-cal arms. These
items have no application to immediate self aid or recovery following
an aircraft crash.
Figure 1. SRU-21/P Survival Vest

B.
OV-1 Survival Vest for Mohawk Aircraft (Figure 2)
This vest has met the needs of a small group of aviators, flying
the OV-1 Mohawk Aircraft, very successfully. The vest contains
the same number of type of survival components presently in the
SRU-21/P Survival Vest. Only a few supply problems exist at
this time, and recommendations for improvement were minor.
22
~*
4 si -:
Figure 2. OV-1 Survival Vest

C.
Survey Vest Recommendations
Data Reviews should be conducted in the following areas:

1. To define actual survival needs of the vest in terms of survival
application such as: Immediate self-survival and recovery 12 hours
and less.
2. To define the actual needs for various survival components
to meet this requiremet and elimination of all other components
from the vest.
3. To establish absolute priorities for components used in the
vest and placing restrictions on others such as: Priority One, Signal
Devices; iriority Two, Mini-Self-Administered First Aid; Priority
Three, Self-Identification and Compass.
A human factors study should bo conducted of component pocket location
vs. safe operational envelopes of all aircraft/helicopteis and
emergency escepe procedures during and following aircraft accidents.
A new survival vest should be developed to include the above study
results and the following design changes:
<?3
i.r^ if.1, .t ig-riiii
-*aftrg
1. Material should be one of fire retardant and/or resistant

to prevent injuries from burns.
2. Side adjustment should be used to provide more flexibility
in size adjustment when worn with heavy clothing.
3.
Sizes should include Small, Medium, Large, and Extra Large.
4. Restriction should be placed on the thickness of all

components and pockets.
D.
General Survival Vest and Component Recommendations
Survival vest and survival components should be restricted to absolute,

immedi .te need items to advance the survivor's ability to provide
self administered aid, and to assist in recovery and survival following
an aircraft accident. All other absolute need items for extended
survivor use should be allocated to the various type individual
kits. All characteristics of survival vest components should be
carefully examined for negative factors which might outweight their
usefulness. Unless a component is light in weight, flat in shape,
easy to operate, durable, reliable, and essential to short-term
survival, it should be seriously considered for rejection. Another
criteria which should be applied to each component is what difficulties
a partially disabled crewmember might have in attempting to use or
operate it.
E.
Overwater Survival Kit Individual (Figure 3)
This kit is supposed to provide survival in water to the aircrewmember.

However, it is reported to be a hazard in some aircraft and not
properly maintained. There is no nethod of controlling the kit once
the aircraft has ditched in water. Some of the components were found
by some to be unfit for use.
24
i- mtmm nf-~
hm
Figure 3. Overwater Survival Kit Individual

F.
OV-1 Rigid Seat Survival Kit (Figure 1)
This kit seems to meet the need of the OV-1 type aircraft pilot and
observer successfully. However, it has been reported that heat buildup within the cockpit can cause possible deterioration of the Survival
Kit contents.
Figure U. OV-1 Rigid Seat Survival Kit
25
MfttoffWlMM
G.
Survival Kit Hot Climate (Figure 5)
The size and shape of this kit creates problems in AH-1 and OH-58
type helicopters. The contents of the kit have a history of being
damaged on crash impact.
Figure 5. Hot Climate Survival Kit

H.
Survival Kit Cold Climate (Figure 6)
From the large quantity of complaints received on this kit, it is

evident it is not adequately designed for use of US Army Aircrewmembers in cold regions and in UH-1, AH-1, and OH-58 helicopters.
A new cold weather kit concept will be needed.
Figure 6. Cold Climate Survival Kit
26
Illill*n
i I
I.
Survival Kit Recommendations
1) A study be initiated to completely review the water survival

problems and procedures related to the Attack, Observation, and Utility
type helicopters.
2) The results of this survey and the above study be applied to
a requirement document for a new overwater kit for attachment to the
wearer.
3) A packaging study is recommended to develop new, more durable,
packaging methods to secure these components from damage on crash impact.
i i
4) A requirement document should be initiated to develop smaller

survival kits that can be used in both AH-1 and OH-58 helicopters and
be more responsive to the needs of the downed aircrewmember.
5) A study is recommended to provide an up-to-date review of
environmental region requirements for aircrews' survival needs and
the results of this study be used as a justification for initiation
of a requirements document to develop a suitable survival kit for
each climate.
PART 3 - MEDICAL REVIEW
The objective of the medical review was to review the problems cited
in regards to food and drug contamination found in Survival Kits and
Vests components.
The Survival Kit, Individual Tropical, which in effect is a first aid
kit, also required the attention of Medical Personnel.
The Surgeon General's Office recommended the upgrading of the food
processing with the intent of establishing a longer shelf life. In
response to this, the Food Engineering Laboratory of NARADCOM furnished
input to identify the problems of upgrading a manufacturing process
that in most cases the manufacturer is unwilling to update because of
such a small demand for his product. Of course, the lack of inspection
in the field has also contributed to the failure to remove food
packets from survival kits after their time has expired. This problem
points out the need for inspection procedures in the supply system
prior to the issue of the equipment for active use.
The US Army Troop Support and Aviation Materiel Readiness Command
recommends; "Life limitation items should be requisitioned by the user
directly from the managing agency." This nrocedure would insure that
the user would receive serviceable components and eliminate the need to
maintain Army depot stocks for these life limitation iTerns.
27
The Survival Kit, Tropical is not satisfactory because of its design,

as it interferes with aircraft controls which can cause blunt trauma
to the chest and liver during crash. It also contains many nonmedical
items which should be removed or relocated to other parts of the vest.
Problems have been reported with several components of the kit, such
as the eye ointment. These will require evaluation, and substitutes
will be considered. One of the drug problems is with the anti-diahrrea
drug. There are problems with procurement and security because it
is a controlled drug. However, there are no satisfactory substitutes,
and it needs to be retained to protect against dehydration in hot,
dry climates and against incapacitation during escape and evasion.
The tourniquet most likely should be removed from the vest. Limbs are
often lost by misuse of tourniquets. When one is required, it can be
made from other materials. Most cases of serious bleeding are better
treated by direct pressure, and tourniquets are rarely indicated.
The need for Nomex material in the Survival Vest is questionable
based on our thermal injury history. We have had essentially no
thermal injuries in survivable accidents in aircraft equipped with
the crashworthy fuel systems, and it is recommended that USAARL
review the records to determine the need for a Nomex Vest material.
Since Nomex knits have not proven practical for load retention, the
additional thermal stress which would be imposed by the standard
Nomex cloth must be considered versus the risk of thermal injury.
The US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory has been tasked to
investigate problem areas and recommend improvements that can be
applied to medical components of the survival kit and vest. One
action required is to review accident data on personnel recovery times
to establish the length of time - e.g., 12 or 2^ hours - for which
medical supplies should be planned.
Since the medical components are small and lightweight, another
question comes to mind; do we really need a long supply of food to
sustain an individual if he can be picked up in 12 hours instead of
five days. This would lighten the weight and size of the survival
kits. Space food technology should be used to develop better, lighter
weight, survival rations. The US Army Safety Center furnished elapsedtime figures (Tables 15 and IS) that illustrate six hours could be
used for planning purposes; however, USAARL recommends the use of
12 hours as an added safety factor.
2b
TABLE 15
ELAPSED TIME FOR SURVIVING AVIATORS (HRS)
TIME(HRS)
UNTIL
REACHED
RESCUE
COMPLETED
0:00-0:29
0:30-0:59
01:00-01:29
01:30-01:59
02:00-02:29
02:30-02:59
03:00-04:59
05:00-06:59
07:00-09:59
10:00-14:59
15:00-19:59
20:00-24:59
25:00-29:59
30:00-39:59
156 67%
25 11%
24 10%
10 4%
6 2%
7 3%
2 1%
2 1%
0
0
0
0
0
2 1%
91
52
33
16
10
9
16
3
2
0
0
0
0
2
234 (lOOT)
40%
22%
14%
7%
4%
4%
7%
1%
1%
234 (100%)
1 Jan 72 - 7 Mar 79
Prepared by U.S. Army
Safety Center
TABLE 16
ELAPSED TIME FOP FATALLY INJURED AVIATORS (HRS)
TIME(HRS)
0:01-0:29
0:30-01:00
01:01-01:30
01:31-02:00
02:01-04:00
04:01-10:00
10:01-20:00
20:01-30:00
30:01-40:00
UNTIL
REACHED
RESCUE
COMPLETED
10
1
4
1
1
0
1
1
2
2
_0_
21
5
4
2
1
1
19
(2 not reported)
29
_. .^. -^
Ai.
I
*
i
PART IV - STOCK REVIEW OF DEFENSE LOGISTIC AGENCY AND PREPOSITIONED

WAR RESERVE STOCKS
The reports received from these areas revealed Survival Vests are
controlled by DSA Philadelphia and the kits were controlled by the
Army Troop Support and Aviation Materials Readiness Command in St.
Louis, MO.
The Survival Vest SRU-21/P stock was sufficient to meet the aircrewmember needs.
The Survival Kits are not assembled and held in stock. These kits
will be assembled upon need or request. This is the result of having
shelf life items installed in these kits.
The stock control office at TSARCOM recommends life limitation items
should be requisitioned by the user directly from the managing agency.
This procedure would insure that the user would receive serviceable
components and eliminate the need to maintain Army depot stocks for
these items.
ACTIONS TAKEN AS A RESULT OF THE SURVEY
A.
US Army Survival Kit and Vests Conference (Appendix A)
This conference was convened on 14-15 November 1978 in the Federal Mart
Building, St. Louis, MO for the purpose of reviewing the survey results
and proposing appropriate corrective measures.
Presentations were delivered by participants on the survey results, with
Medical data update and background on previous development actions,
EIR's, suggestions, and a review of FORSCOM inspection tours of Hawaii,
Panama Canal, and Alaska.
The participants were designated as working group and spent considerable
time reviewing, interpreting the survey results, and developing
recommendations.
Recommendations were compiled for new requirement documents for:
1) Development of s new style survival vest to include provision
for LPU Life Preserver for general use by aircrewmembers.
2) Development of advanced (1990) State-of-the-art survival
components for survival vests.
3) Development of a smoke signal for day use to be used in
individual survival vests.
30
4) Development of a new First Aid Kit for survival vests that

contain no non-medical items.
5) Development of an individual illuminous identification
component for kits and vests.
6)
Development of new type survival food packets.
7) Development of new type survival packaging to withstand

crash impact.
3) Development of an individually worn survival kit other than
vest type - similar to the Survival Kit, Lightweight, Individual.
9) Development of an advanced (1990) state-of-the-art First Aid
Kit for Survival Kits/Vests.
B.
Passenger Survival Support
The working group, in a positive move for change, took into consideration
the survival needs of passengers in all Army aircraft. This is an area
overlooked in the past and not covered by the present-day survival kits.
The group recommended development of passenger survival kits for 2 to
6 passengers for all aircraft flight applications in the following
environments:
C.
1)
Cold Climate
2)
Hot Climate
3)
Overwater
u)
Arctic Region
Tri-Service Conference on Survival Kit and Vests (Appendix B)
This conference was held at the US Army Natick Research and Development
Command, March 20 - 21, 1979.
The objective of the conference was to review Army requirements with
the other Services and the Canadian Armed Forces, and to determine
whether their development programs could meet the needs of the Army
Aviator. Both the Navy and the US Air Force have on-going survival
vest programs that show some promise for meeting some of the Army
requirements.
31
i -miii
Search and Rescue personnel were asked to review their activities with
the intent of answering the following questions:
(1)
1)
How is the present equipment serving the accident survivor?
2)
How can it be improved?
3)
What rescue and recovery procedures should be reviewed and

improved?
SURVIVAL/MEDICAL EVACUATION
Dr. Murray Hamlet during his presentation on Survival/Medical

Evacuation, pointed out that he believes survival depends on major
psychological factors that become involved during an aircrewmember's
survival which have been ignored for years:
"These factors are; the determination to live and the alleviation
of fear. Those people who say, 'I am not going to let this get
to me,' whatever it is, are the ones that will survive. Those
people who are self-defeatist and who are rapidly overcome by the
situation they're in, are the ones who go on down hill and die.
The egomaniacs don't die. After that, there are three main
things; ingenuity, the equipment you have available, and your
perseverance. We are talking about mostly psychological factors
here. The best aid kit, the best survival vest in the world in
the hands of the novice, is worthless. How are we going to
develop in this individual, who has this vest on, the feeling
of security? You must instill some confidence in him that the
equipment works, that what he needs to survive in that environment
is there. He must have some training with it, to know that it
works. We have to prevent him from doing foolish things in a
survival situation. The equipment you provide for him in the
vest or whatever must include something that will allow him to
stabilize himself psychologically and conserve his body heat
until someone comes to get him."
(2)
SEARCH AND RESCUE IN SEA
The USAF Search and Rescue Personnel indicate the successful evasion
was attributed to the following factors:
1)
Being away from the crash sight where the search is most
intensive.
2)
Moving at dusk and dawn.
3)
Being able to select effective concealment locations.
32
tanjBMihaaMi
. .,i^
WMI
m&
4)
Camouflage all marks so one's presence would be unknown.
5)
Proper protection of required survival items, especially

the radio batteries.
Those who were able to evade for more than a few hours found the most
useful survival equipment to be:
1)
The survival radio
2)
Pengun flare - or gyro jet, that placed a smoke signal above

the tree cover.
3)
Signal flare
U)
Detailed useful scale, escape, and evasion map
5)
Compass
6)
Food and water - some type of container for water refills
7)
A .38-cal revolver
However, most chose to dispose of the revolver, or surrender it without

incident.
(3)
OVERWATER SEARCH AND RESCUE
The Coast Guard rescue presentation indicated training as one of the

major needs of survivors (military and civilian). This training should
include the proper use of signal equipment such as smoke signals, mirrors,
flares, and dye markers, and how to conserve these items until a rescue
plane or vessel are very close by and can be seen, and thus not wasted.
Personnel should only carry those survival items that are absolutely
necessary and leave behind any nice-to-have items. These add to bulk
and overload the survivor, causing fatigue at a time the survivor
needs all of his strength.
Sea sickness will be a problem during a water crash survival environment.
Personnel in rafts should be aware that the rotor wash from the
helicopter will turn over a life raft and it is best to leave the raft
to enter the rescue basket. Also let the rescue equipment ground
itself in th: water to discharge any static electricity that may have
built up in it before it touches the water. An estimated 800,000 volts
of static l,i, Id-up is generated by a CH-53E Helicopter in a Hovering
position.
33
-^Ja
CO
US AIR FORCE AND US NAVY PROGRAMS
Both the USAF and USN have active survival vest development programs.
A number of the features in these vests can be applied to the proposed
US Army survival vest design.
Each service has a specific need for their individual survival vest
application, and due to this need, there are variations in the end
item. The vest for all three services will be designed to retain
an armor insert inside of a fragmentation carrier, the vest design
will be similar, but the type of survival component pockets and
location on the vest will be dictated by the aircraft types the vest
is to be worn in, by the restraints placed on the vest by the motion
of aircraft controls and mainly by the operational performance of
the wearer.
(5)
CANADIAN ARMED FORCES SURVIVAL EXPERIENCES
Members of the Flight Safety Office, the Aerospace Life Support Equipment
Management Office, and the National Defense Headquarters participated
in the conference and provided attendees with an overview of the
Aviation Life Support Equipment problems in their climatic region. It
was indicated from their experience that seventy percent of all survivors
received some sort of injury during survival. Survival Kits installed
in accident aircraft were found insufficient for survivor needs. Rapid
rescue time indicated they are over-supplying survival needs, however,
they would not at this time recommend reducing them.
Problem areas were identified such as survival equipment hindering the
survival process and over-emphasizing food over water.
Survival down time has been reduced from days to hours and their design
guide will detail 72 hours as its guide.
(6)
CONFERENCE WORK SHOPS
The work shops considered all survival vests, kits and their components,
materials, designs and application to the survivors issential need to
survive an aircraft crash. A new survival approach was developed as
a direct result of the willingness of the conference participants to
actively take part and share with the conferees their survival
experiences in crash recovery, rescue, training, maintenance, and
aviation life support equipment management.
This survival approach recognized the need of the survival vest to
provide the survivor with essential day and night signal and communications
components, remove all other non-necessary components from the vest,
provide two large component pockets for use of essential environmental
survival components particular to the environment where the vest is to
be used, and provide a means for attaching an under arm life preserver
and hook up ring for the rescue helicopter hoist. The new survival
vest approach would compliment the survival kit.
3<*
The new approach for the survival kit will be to provide a secondary
extended survival support to the aircrewmember and passengers as a
group per aircraft type and not individually as is being done presently.
Each aircraft will carry a kit equipped for the total passenger and
crew load. This kit will be supplemented by an environmental survival
kit for areas such as Alaska, and Tropic areas and during overwater
flights.
This new approach was developed from the participant's collective
input to the conference that identified improvements in crash fires
which now permit survivors the opportunity to return to a crashed
aircraft and retrieve the aircraft survival kit. It was also pointed
out by medical personnel that recovery time is now six hours on the
average. However, everyone agreed 12 hours was a more realistic
time approach for development proposals. Packaging processes have now
improved to the point that vacuum pressure packing allows bulky items
to be packaged in much smaller volume.
(7)
PROPOSED SURVIVAL KIT AND VEST DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
Letter Requirements have been drafted, outlining the need for new
development programs. These were initiated for the following items
in response to the survey and conference on survival kits and vests:
1) An Aircrew Survival-Armor-Recovery Vest that will provide essential
day and night signal and communication equipment, attachment for an
underarm life preserver, and a hook-up ring for immediate rescue by
helicopter.
2) A Survival Environment Packet that will be used with the
Vest and provide essential signal and medical mini-self-aid items
applicable to the environmental region the vest is to be worn in.
3) An Aircraft Module Survival Sytem which will provide for an
extended survival system that will complement the survival vest. This
system will provide the aircraft crew and passengers (2- and 5- people
configuration) with a basic aircraft survival module that can be built
upon with other environmental modules (Arctic Overwater or Hot Climate)
to meet the aircraft crew and passengers flight mission environmental
survival emergencies.
It is expected that these development programs will achieve the following
goals:
1) Eliminate unnecessary, nice-to-have survival components from
the survival vest.
2) Reduced bulk on the vest which in turn will improve emergency
egress following a crash and will eliminate interference with aircraft
operational controls.
1
|
g
(I
35
3) Improve the survivor's chances of being located and recovered

by using only essential signal and communication items in the vest.
U) Provide the immediate survivor mini-stlf-aid capabilities with
the use of only essential environmental survival packets for the vest.
5) Eliminate duplication, reduce bulk and weight, and increase
aircraft mission capabilities with the use of multi-person aircraft
survival modules.
6) Provide a survival vest and survival environmental packet to
meet immediate survival needs and aircraft modular survival system to
provide extended survival capability to meet the requirements of the
aircrewmember. (Table 17)
EUPSQ TWE <HW) W CCWiTED ESCltS
PROPOSE) SURVIVAL SLPfCST T5 AISC?WE5E?.S Zm% SESCJE
12
AtfCMFT raw* SYSTCT

12 TO M HOCK
07:00 TO K:59
2J VWTOB I J n - 1 "M 79 (IOCS)
TABLE 17
?r
*-
D. TRADOC/NARADCOM Joint Working Group Meeting at NARADCOM, 11-12

September 1979 (Appendix Cf
"
This group met at NARADCOM 11-12 Sep 79, and developed and defined
the technical, survival, and environmental requirements that the
Survival Armor Recovery Vest, the Survival Environmental Packet, and
the Aircraft Modular Survival System would be required to meet.
Survival and environmental components were defined for temperate, hot,
cold, and overwater environments, and detailed how they would be used
and assigned to the Survival Environmental Packet, and the Aircraft
Modular Survival System.
These requirements were drafted as Letter Requirements for:
Survival Armor Recovery Vest
Survival Environmental Packet
Aircraft Modular System
These documents wore reviewed and redrafted by the US Army Aviation
Center, Ft. Rucker, AL and are in the process of coordination among
US Army Aviation Agencies, USAF, US Navy, US Marine Corps, and the
US Coast Guard.
"Wt Commit5 ErS "I DZ"?*

Pom PPro^,* " 0 -
37
APPENDIX A
MINUTES OF 14-15 NOVEMBER 1978
SURVIVAL KIT/VEST CONFERENCE
ST. LOUIS, MO
38
... - ...hi
Mfi
---na
HINUTES OF AVIATION LIFE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

MANAGEMENT STEERING COUNCIL
Survival Kit/Vest Conference
1. The Survival Kit/Vest Conference met on 14 - IS November in the Mart

Building, St. Louis, MO. This conference was hosted by the TSARCOM project
officer for ALSE.
2.
List of Attendees - Inclosure 1: Agenda - Inclosure 2.
3. The ALSE ?0 for TSARCOM Mr. A.B.C. Davis opened the, meeting by welcoming
those present and designating the attending group as a working group for
this conference. Ke then designated the undersigned as chairman.
**. Presentation of the Survival Kit/Vest Survey Report was delivered by the
undersigned to those in attendance. This was a compressed summary of the
report results. This presentation provided the group with a review of accident
data, on-site problems, and recommendations, medical status of food and drugs
and supply recommendations. Discussions were held on the presentations but
were held to a minimum. A detailed review of the report results was scheduled
for 15 November 1978.
5. LTC 3ruce Chase, TSGO, presented an up-date of the Medical activities
and he did apologize for the tardiness of his input to the report. He
asserted that USAARL, Ft. Rucker, AL has been tasked to review the food
and drug problems and also the need for nomex material in the survival vest
in view of the reduction of bums during aircraft accidents. He further
stressed the need for change in kits and vests for a reduction of components
and weight. This should be achieved with the development of a kit to meet
realistic recovery time elements.
6. Mr. Edward Hamide, NARADCOM, presented a background on the development
activities that le*d to the development of the present day survival kits and
vests. He also was instrumental in resolving questions raised during this
conference concerning kits and vests.
7. A continuous reference was made during the conference to the problems
of getting corrective acticn thru the use of EIR's and suggestions. These
problem areas were mainly addressed by CV3 Gruhn, ft. 3enning, CV3 Kintze,
Ft. 31iss, CW3 Hines, Ft. Bliss and CW2 ells, Ft. Sliss.
8. Mr.-William Jones, FCRSCCM, presented a review cf what he and his
visiting FCRSCCM inspection team found in Hawaii, Panama Canal, and Alaska.
He indicated he fcund the ALSE equipment and their support program to be in
a better position to support the aircrewsamier than these Iccatad in the statas
in general.
9. On the secsnd day of the cor.ferer.ee, the survey report was reviewed item
by item. Open discussions vere held and recommendations drafted for subm-ssicn
39
L
II T iah"ij*-Jir'11 i i
...
to the 15 November 1978 ALSE Council meeting.

10. The following recommendations for requirement documents were drafted
for submission to the ALSE Council:
a. Development of a new style survival vest to include provision for
LPU life preserver for general use of aircrewmembers.
b. Development of advanced (1990) State-of-the-Art Survival Components
for Survival Vests.
c. Development of a Smoke signal for day use to be used in individual
survival vests.
d. Development of a new First Aid Kit for Survival Vests that contains
no non-medical items.
e. Development oi an Individual Illuminous Identification component
for kits and vests.
f.
Development of a new Crash/Survival evacuation knife.
g. Development of a Multi-Passenger Kit and Individual Crew Survival

kits for use in Attack, Observation Scout and Utility helicopters.
h. Development of a Multi-Passenger Overwater Kit and an Individual
Crew Overwater Survival Kit for Attack, Observation, Scout and Utility
helicopters.
i.
Development of new type survival focd packets.
j. Development of new type survival packaging to withstand crash

survival.
k. Development of a Cold Climate kit and an Artie Region Survival kit.
(Multi-Person and Individual).
1.
type.
Development of an individually worn survival kit other than vest

Siaiiiar to the Survival kit Lightweight, Individual.
a. Development of an advanced (1990) State-of-the-Art First Aid Kit

for Survival Kits/Vests.
11. Recommend the ALSE Management Steering Council request TRA~CC to
initiate action en joint working groups te:
a.
Evaluate the Survival Kit/Vest Working Group reccrrr.er.datior.s.
>i 11 <i
ilfcl
b.
Verify the needs.
c. Initiate appropriate requirement documents for development and/or

replacement of the end items.
12. Recommend immediate Concept Evaluations be considered for the Survival
Vest and overwater kits to determine compatibility with Helicopter flight environment such as the survival vest with different pocket locations and
designs and the location of a one man raft kit on the individual.
13. Recommend the Council host a military Aviation Life Support Equipment
Conference at Ft. Rucker, St. Louis or NARADCOM. This conference should
include as participants members of USAF, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard and the
Canadian Armed Forces. ALSE Officers. The objective cf the conference would
be to display and demonstrate Aviation Life Support Equipment used by each
services and the exchange of information. This exchange cf information and
ideas could lead to the US Army evaluation of other service ALSE to determine
their suitability in resolving some of this survey's problem areas.
I*. Finally, recommend the council review, finalize and approve the draft
survey report for publication. Finaiization would include this presentations,
recommendations and the proposed follow-up actions of the Council.
15.
ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN;
The above minutes, comments and recommendations will be presented to the

16 November 1973 meeting of the ALSE Management Steering Council for approval
and appropriate action.
'THOMAS H. JUDGE
Chairman
Survival Kit/Vest Working Group
HI
AVIATION LIFE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

MANAGEMENT STEERING COUNCIL
14 - IS NOVEMBER 1978
ST. LOUIS, MO
AGENDA
' *** November 1973

08<f5
WELCOME - INTRODUCTION
0900
PRESENTATION OF SURVEY REPORT ON SURVIVAL KITS/VESTS
1100
MEDICAL REPORT UP-DATE
1130
LUNCH
1230
REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND FOR PRESENT DAY

KITS AND VESTS
1300
REVIEW OF EIR'S AND SUGGESTIONS
1330
OPEN DISCUSSION
15 November 1978
0830
REVIEW OF SURVEY FRCBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR

EACH KIT AND VEST
1130
LUNCH
1230
CONTINUE REVIEW OF SURVIVAL KITS AND VESTS
1430
DRAFTING OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUBMISSION TO

16 NOVEMBER 1978 MEETING CF ALSE MANAGEMDfT
STEERING COUNCIL
42
.,J>Ma

November 14, 1973
NAME
ORGANISATION
PHONE NO.
Linda Apponyi
DRCPO-ALSE
698-3241
Edward J. Bamicle
NARADCOM
955-2211
Raymond Birringer
USAAVNC
553-5272
*Bruce Chasa
OTSG
227-2743
Leonard M. Cuchna
AVRADCOM D E DIR
698-6606
*A. B. C. Davis, Jr
DRCPO-ALSE
698-3241/91
Jim Dictaer
DRSTS-MAPL
COL. Farrni
LTC. Harry L. Frser
AVRADCOM;
ASTIO-(ORDAV-N)
698-6100
Ray Gilstsad
L'SAR TSARCOM DRSTS-STS{2)
698-5831
Lawrence M. Grufcn
USAIC, Ft. Bragg. GA
835-2425
C.74 Charles Kayne
DRCP-AAH-LM
693-6061
CW3 Dan nines
U3AADC - Ft. Bliss
978-3002-5033
CW3 H. 0. Hintze
AFVF-AVS - Ft. Bliss
978-B&64-8623-8113
Cera id L. Johnson
USAARL - FC. Rucker
553-7112
Viliiao D. C. Jones
FCRSCCM Ft. McPheraon, GA
388-3343
T.'.oaas H. Judge
NARADCOM
955-2461
id Mark
AVRADCCM 5 & S DIR
693-6066
Bob Matthews
AVRADCOM D & E DIR
698-6066
Jerry Kovicki
XGB-AVS-L
534-202?
Can Saco
AVRADCOM D & E DIR
698-6063
CT2 Richard ?. tf*Ui. Jr.
CO. C (Si AV\" (rC; Ft. 31 iss
973-8'i)
*%*0C4! ALSE STESRiri COKICIL

U3
TiMlil
QV*
APPENDIX B
MINUTES OF THE TRI-SERVICE CONFERENCE
OF SURVIVAL KITS/VESTS
HELD 20-21 MARCH 1979
US ARMY NATICK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND
NATICK, MA
UU
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

US ARMY NATICK RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT COMMAND
NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS 01760
REPLY TO ATTENTION OF:
DRDNA-VCA
SUBJECT:
11 April 1979
TRI-Service Conference on Survival Kits/Vests Minutes
SEE DISTRIBUTION
1. Minutes of the TRI-Service Conference on Survival Kits/Vests are

attached.
2. The TRI-Service Conference of Survival Kits/Vests was held 20 - 21
March 1979 in the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
conference room. It was hosted by US Army Natick Research and Development Command, Natick, MA.
3. Should additional information be required, your point of contact is
Mr. Thomas H. Judge, Autovon: 955-2461 or Commercial: (617) 653-1000,
Ext. 2461.
FOR THE COMMANDER:
^V~#
1 Incl
as
ROBERT S. SMITH
Chief, Clothing and Equipment Division
Clothing, Equipment and Materials
Engineering Laboratory
DISTRIBUTION:
Cdr, US Coast Guard Air Station, ATTN: ASMC D. Gelakoska, Otis AFB, MA
HQ, 10th Special Forces, ATTN: L. C. Balboni, Ft. Devens, MA 04133
Cdr, US Coast Guard, ATTN: G-OSR-4/73 (CW0 S. Maness), WASH, DC 20590
Cdr, Naval Air Development Center, ATTN: D. DeSimone, Code 6002,
Werminister, PA
Cdr, Naval Air Systems, ATTN: AIR-340B (Mr. Fredrizzi), WASH, DC
HQ, F0RSC0M, ATTN: AF0P-AV (Mr. W. Jones), Ft. McPherson, GA
HQ, 1st US Army, ATTN: AFKA-01-V (MAJ. W. Malinovsky), Ft. Meade, MD
HQ, TSARCOM, ATTN: MAPL (Mr. J. Ditttner), 4300 Goodfellow Blvd.,
St. Louis, MO 63120
UC
.^.^*îfa,f-ni
-^
,:_^||
'>>8.i1*
DRDNA-VCA
11 April 1979
SUBJECT: TRI-Service Conference on Survival Kits/Vasts Minutes
Distribution Continued:
HQ, Company USAC, ATTN: CPT R. Barrows/Christopher Lang, Ft. Devens, MA
HQ, ARRI, ATTN: Mr. Silva, Ft. Devens, MA 04133
Cdr, DARCOM Readiness Cmd, ATTN: P.O. ALSE (Mr. Davis), P.O. Box 209,
St. Louis, MO 63166
HQ, ASD/AELS, ATTN: Mr. K. Troup, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
HQ, 102 Ftr Inc Wing, MA Air National Guard, ATTN: MAJ P. Vergados,
SGT R. Bernardo, LT H. Reitzig, Otis AFB, MA
Cdr, US Coast Guard Training Station, ATTN: MPCO (C. J. Dugan), Mobil,
AL 36608
HQ, USAARI, ATTN: Mr. David Ruf, Otis AFB, MA
HQ, Company USAF, ATTN: MAAF (J. Fitzgerald), Ft. Devens, MA 04133
HQ, CT ARNG, CT TARS, P.O. Box 1, ATTN: Mr. R. White, Trumbull AP,
Groton, CT
National Guard Bureau, ATTN: NGB-AVN-L, (WO J. Nowicki), Edgewood
Arsenal, MD 21010
HQ, 222nd Avn Bn, ATTN: AFTZ-SO (CPT D. Gibson* Ft. Wainwrigh-;, Alaska
Cdr, US Army Safety Center, ATTN: Mr. L. D. Sands, Ft. Rucker, AL 36362
HQDA, ATTN: DASG-PSP (LTC B. Chase), WASH, DC
HQ, TRAD0C, ATTN: ATORI-AV (MAJ J. M. Peterson), Ft. Monroe, VA
Cdr, USA Combat Development Activity, ATTN: ATZLCA-AL (CPT P. Webb/T. L.
Duncan), Ft. Richardson, Alaska 9950b
Cdr, US Army Materiels 6 Mechanics Research Center, ATTN: G. Harris,
Watertown, MA
Cdr, US Army Aeromedical Research Lab., US Army Aviation Center,
ATTN: SGR-UAE (S/SGT G. Johnson), Ft. Rucker, AL 36362
Cdr, 439 TAW, ATTN: D00L (Mr. J. Sambor), Westover AFB, MA
Cdr, US Marine Corps Development Center, Air Branch Fire Power Div.,
ATTN; D092 M/SGT C. Haas, Quantico, VA
Cdr, US Army Aviation Center, ATTN: ATZQ-D-MS (Mr. Birringer), Ft.
Rucker, AL 36362
HQ, Readiness Group, Devens Operation, ATTN: David Hassen, SGT Lewis,
Ft. Devens, MA 04133
HQ, ARPS, ATTN: DOQL (MAJ Steven HowelU Scott AFB, IL
National Defense Headquarters, ATTN: DAES/DFS (LTC J. Wallington, MAJ
Cockburn, CPT Martella, Mr. L. D. Reed, Mr. J. Firth, WO P. J. Vandenburgi Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K2
Cdr, 26 AVN, BN, ATTN: AASF (MAJ T. Cox/SGT Quinton), Otis AFB, MA
HQ, USAR ASF, ATTN: Mr. J. Chubway, R. A. Petty, A. J. Bevilacque,
MAJ C. 0. Locklear, Stewart Air Field, Newburgh, NY
Cdr, Company A 25th Combat Aviation Battalion, ATTN: CW3 J. Vasko,
Scofield Barracks, Hawaii 96857
LTC Richard Nanartowich, State Aviation Officer, 905 Commonwealth Ave.,
Boston, MA 02215
Dr. Ackles, Canadian Embassy, 2450 Massachusetts Aveune N.W., WASH, DC
Cdr, Army Aviation Support Facility, ATTN: Mr. LaBell, State Military
Reservation, Concord, NH 03301
M/Sgt L. R. Rudolph, 91 Rockingham Drive, 509 BW, Pease AFB, NH 03801
U6
n v i tain me-
MINUTES
USAAVNC/USANARADCOM
TRI-SERVICE CONFERENCE
ON
SURVIVAL KITS AND VESTS
1. The conference was held 20 - 21 March 1979 in the US Army Research

Institute of Environmental Medicine conference room. The conference was
requested by the US Army Aviation Center, Ft. Rucker, AL and hosted by
US Army Natick Research and Development Command, Natick, MA.
2.
List of attendees - Inclosure 1.
3.
Agenda - Inclosure 2.
4.
Welcoming Address, LTC Donald J. Marnon, Deputy Commander, USANARADCOM.
LTC Marnon, welcomed the conference attendees to NARADCOM. He then

reflected upon his ranger experiences that pointed out the need to insure
that crewmembers carry their survival equipment when they leave on a flight
mission. He related to an aircraft accident where the crew did not carry
their equipment and seriously delayed rescue of the crash survivors.
5. Keynote Address: Survival-Medical Environment, LTC Franklin J.
McShane, Acting Commander, USARIEM
LTC McShane, greeted the conferees and made apologies for Colonel
Dangerfield's sudden change of plans that prevented him from presenting
the keynote address. He then introduced Dr. Ralph Goldman, who delivered
the address.
Dr. Goldman went on to describe the keys to survival; attitude first,
being located second, and recommends that the conference give thought to
far out ideas for the survivor to attract attention to their location.
Third is water, food should not be the problem for survival. He described
the activities of USARIEM and how there facilities could assist in reviewing the needs of the survivor in frost bite, raft insulation, heat loss
and many other areas that effect the survivor in the Crash Survival Environment.
6. Conference Objective and Survey Review; Mr. Thomas H. Judge, USANARADCOM,
Chairman
The conference objectives and needs were detailed to the attendees.
A summary of the recently completed survey of the US Army Aviation Community on Survival Kits and Vests was presented along with proposals for programs to take corrective actions. The chairman also enlisted the attendees
support in the conference work shops. The work shops would develop
requirements to improve the proposed corrective actions for application
of advanced state-of-the-art technologies.
U7
- imiitt
'i
7. Search and Rescue - Medical Evacuation; Dr. Murray P. Hamelt,

DVM USARIEM
Dr. Hamelt in his presentation, emphasized that priority should be
given to locating and stabilizing the accident survivor, then evacuation should be over a predetermined route and the survivor should be
medically managed during recovery from the accident site. Verification
of injuries is important and must be determined along with the urgency
of the rescue to avoid risking people unnecessarily.
To aid in this area,
medical radio frequencies would be of great help along with aids in the
vest to allow the survivor to stabalize himself until he is recovered.
8. Search and Rescue Experiences in South East Asia, Major Steven Howell,
USAF, AARS, Scott AFB, IL
Major Howell explained the function and mission of the USAF Rescue
Organization. He then related to the resuce of LT Ferguson in SEA, that
was classified as one of the greatest rescue efforts in South East Asia.
It was further regarded as one of the greatest training exercises for
both sides of the conflict, due to the amount of effort expended on both
sides during the rescue. He then presented a film on air-sea rescue
efforts of the USAF.
9.
Water Survival Experiences, CW4 J. Vasko, 25th Infantry, Hawaii
CW3 Vasko explaired in detail the organization of Aviation Life Support

Equipment shops and training programs for flight personnel. The problems
of maintaining equipment and procuring services for the assigned equipment.
He displayed equipment they had designed and modified to meet their need
for overwater survival following a crash. The cooperation between the
US Army and Army National Guard were need as they both share the same
equipment problem areas. He emphasized the need for trained people and
funding for support of Aviation Life Support Equipment assigned aircrewmembers .
10. Alaska Aircrew Cold Region Conference, CPT P. Webb, TRADOC CDC,
Ft. Richardson Alaska,
This presentation outlined the commitment of the CDC organization
to the cold region development of equipment to protect aircrewmembers in
the cold region. Present clothing and equipment are unsuitable for this
region. Research was initiated to up-date cold region clothing and
equipment thru conferences, that were attended by all services including
the National Guard units. This effort set out to establish a standard
development program for cold region equipment. The conference concluded
that ALSE council he adopted in Alaska to coordinate training maintenance
and development of cold region needs in the Alaskan region. The conference recommended initiation of Cold Region Clothing and Equipment
requirement documents. Aircraft Survival kits are prefered over the
Individual Survival Kit in all types of aircraft.
48
-i
----*ft* - -i
11. Cold Weather Survival User Experience, CPT D. Gibson, 172 In^. Bgd.,
Ft. Richardson, Alaska
CPT Gibson detailed the 172 Division activities, Operation "Jack
Frost 1979" and of the Army National Guard Eskimo Scout Battalion. He
emphasized clothing, survival equipment and aircraft heat requirements that
reduce the productive load carried on aircraft and high altitude missions
require oxygen systems installed in the aircraft. Fire fighting is one
of the extra activities conducted in support of the Alaskan region. A
survey was conducted in Alaska prior to his leaving for this conference
on ALSE and it revealed the lack of trained personnel, need for ALSE
schooling at USAVNC and the requirement for an MOS for ALSE. They need
a speed-up in supply of equipment for survival needs and he concluded
that a number of dlfficiencies were found with the equipment they have
received to date.
12. Survival Experience of Canadian Armed Forces, LTC J. Wallington,
MAJ D. Cockburn, CPT D. Martella, W.O. Vandenburg, Mr. J. Firth,
National Defense Headquarters, Ottawa, Ontario Canada.
LTC Wallington, Aerospace Life Support Equipment Management, defined the activities of his organization, the Flight Safety Office and
Defense Institute of Environmental Medicine.
Major Cockburn, Flight Safety Office, reviewed with conference
attendees survival experiences in ejection, ditching outside of the
envelope ejection experience. He further detailed other accident survival incidents in winter and summer. Seventy percent of all survivors
received some sort of injury during survival. Survival kits installed
in the accident aircraft were found insufficient for survivor needs.
Rapid rescue time indicated we are over supplying survival needs, however,
he would not recommend reducing them.
W.O. P. J. Vandenburg, Aircraft Flight Support Group, explained the
Flight Survival Support equipment presently being used by the Canadian
Armed Forces Flight Crews. He further identified problem areas such as
survival equipment hindering survival process, and over emphasizing food
over water. Survival down time has been reduced from days to hours and
design guide will detail 72 hours as its guide for survival equipment.
CPT D. Martella explained various types of survival equipment used
by the Canadian Armed Forces, Flight Crews and the development of survival equipment.
Mr. J. Firth, DCIEM, described the thermal protective jacket concept using infra-red photography to determine heat loss and detailed
the flotation advantages such as; the oral and possible self-inflating
bladders with future addition of automatic and manual inflator interface. Jacket has hoist pick-up ring and strap. The jacket has
tendency of turning the wearer in an up right floating position. Recommend that the fetal position should be used to retain heat.
49
I j
i iir riMiMiMiiM
jmmmtmmaM , ,
ir,t,
, | ,'
M>jfife-
13. Search and Rescue Overwater Experiences, MPCO D. J. Dugan, US Coast

Guard, Mobil, AL, Aviation Training Center
Chief Dugan outlined the training programs for aircrew personnel,
types of equipment used for rescue operations and survival equipment,
survival vests, life rafts and wet suits used by the Coast Guard aircrew rescue personnel. He further illustrated thru slides, the problems
found in locating downed personnel, identifying signal equipment as one
of the most important items needed during recovery. He emphasized that
most of their activities revolve around the rescue of civilians more
than military personnel. He noted that the Coast Guard does not issue
equipment to the individuals for they have found the individual will
not bring them in for inspection so they are issued as needed. Their
new wet suit has about 30 lbs of buoyancy built into it. He related
details of the two recent helicopter crashes off Cape Cod.
14. US Navy Survival Components and Rafts, Mr. D. DeSimone, Naval Air
Development Center, Warminster, PA
Mr. DeSimone described the mission of the Naval Air Development
Center, the excellance of the staff, the development programs in survival
components, escape systems survival devices and life rafts. He detailed
the eight year development process in designing, developing, and producing a new life support system for the US Naval aircrewmember and the
coordinated development programs with the Army and Air Force. He related his experiences with the TRI-Service Working Agreement and then
presented a film on development of a mini-boat us> d with Survival Vests.
15. USAF, Survival Kits and Vests, Mr. Kenneth Troup, Wright-Patterson
AFB, OH
Mr. Troup defined the USAF Li.j Support Equipment SPO, this program and how they get involved i*j developments, when the item is about
to be available in two years. Thir total development time from exploratory development to production is five years in duration. He
explained the AF development process for new hardware,, life preservers,
life rafts, aircraft container for 25 man rafts, vacuum packing of rafts,
automatic life preserver and flexible water container. He maintained
that the Air Force does not consider survival food important and are
stressing the importance of water over food.
16. Survival Food Packets, Food Engineering Laboratory, NARADCOM,
Ms. Alice Meyer and Dr. Donald E. Westcott.
Alice Meyer presented the historical background of the survival
food packet begininning in World War II and its progress to present
day requirement.
50
i ii" i ri ii ii
__-
Dr. Westcott continued the presentation detailing the real Wtfld

problems of obtaining and procuring food packets. He explained the
types of foods to meet the protein requirements and identified different food products to meet these needs. Lack of interest in industry
and a very limited commercial market to produce these items and develop
methods for producing the small amounts of food packets, food bars,
which are not shelf Items readily available,have increased the cost
considerably.
17. Aviation Life Support Equipment Management, Mr. William Jones,
HQ FORSCOM, Ft. McPherson, GA
Mr. Jones detailed the FORSCOM mission in Alaska, Panama Canal,
Hawaii and CONUS. He maintained that FORSCOM is the largest user of
ALSE. ALSE Management is assigned to Aviation Safety. There is a
command failure in the area for hands on maintenance of ALSF. This
equipment has been made a permenant part of TORSCOM's to provide the
user with management programs to support the field organizations needs.
FORSCOM sets the objectives and then periodically goes to the field to
determine how well these divisions meet these objectives. Alaska
encourages training for aircrews and Hawaii has their own training program that is considered excellent. Some progress has been made, some
management exists in this area and is done mostly by those in aviation
safety.
18. US Army National Guard ALSE, Mr. J. Nowicki, National Guard
Bureau, Edgewood Arsenal, MP
Mr. Nowicki defined the National Guard Fleet of Aircraft and their
mission in all f>0 states and territories. Summer encampment in W.
Germany. The management, maintenance and inspection of ALSE is compounded by lack of personnel assigments and lack of eqipment. No new
personnel can be obtained for ALSF maintenance. ALSE has a priority of
four CO. The National Guard has to do what it can with what is has, in
the ALSE area. Law suits are creating problems where personnel do not
want to get involved in area:; where they have not been trained, where
they could possibly be held responsible for any accident. Recommends
that problem areas not be hidden from the Inspector General during their
inspections. It it poiiiblt thai Iniptctioni could halp in rtiolving torn
of the problem? with ALSE inspections, maintenance, and supply support.
10. Survival First Aid Kit, LTC Bruce Chase, Surgeon Generals Office,
Washington, DC
LTC Chase recommended reviewing the hard box type container and
expressed his ideas concerning the medical components in the present
survival kits.
20 Work Shops and Recommendations
a. The Survival Vests work shop participants considered all Survival Vests, their materials, designs, and component needs. A new
approach was developed for survival component needs. This approach delt
bl
with the correlation of the Survival Vest need with the Survival Kit.
The Vest will be designed to contain only essential signal equipment,
rescue hoist pick-up, side webbing adjustment and two empty pockets for
use of essential environmental survival components particular to the
environment where the vest is issued. All components will be restricted
to essential needs and simply packaged to permit a disabled person the
opportunity to operate the component. This design approach is based on
the information reviewed from search and rescue personnel, accident data
and medical reviews, that have indicated:
(1) Most accident recoveries are completed within six hours,
however, as a safety factor the design will use 12 hours as a recovery
time.
(2) Most accidents no longer involve fires, and permit the
crash survivor the opportunity to return to the crashed aircraft to
retrieve the aircraft survival kit.
b. The Survival Kits were reviewed with the intent that they would
complimtnt the survival Vest, design and the vest would do the same.
This approach would deal with Survival Vests for primary unit and
aircraft kits mounted in the aircraft with additional equipment for
crewmembers and passengers. The new concpet is based on the following:
(1)
Most rescues are made within the first 12 hours.
(2)
Helicopters no longer burn after crash.
(3) Breakthroughs in pressure and vacuum packing allow

rafts, sleeping bags, tents, ponchos and tarpaulins to be packed in a
much smaller volume.
21.
Closing Address by Dr. G. DeSantis, CEMEL, NARADCOM
Dr. DeSantis commented on the contents of the conference and thanked

everyone for their support in coordinating the conference activities
including the special efforts of the Coast Guard and the 10th Special
Forces unit from Ft. Devens for their participation in the water rescue
demonstration.
22.
Conclusions
a.
The objectives of the conference were:
(1) To review the survival kits and vests we have today in

all of the services.
(2) To determine how well they have supported the need of the
aircraft accident survivor.
52
(3) What improvements are required to upgrade these kits and vests
to meet tomorrow's survival needs.
b. The conference participants through their presentations,
demonstrations, displays and discussions did provide the stimulus for
new design Concepts in survival kits and vests for future development, thus
making the conference a success. The willingness of the conference
participants to actively take part and share their survival experience
in crash recovery, rescue, training, maintenance and management with others
contributed to the success of this conference.
23. Actions To Be Taken
a. The US Army Aviation Center, has agreed to 15 May 1979 as the
date for initiation of requirement documents to cover the proposed new
survival vest, survival kit and component development programs.
b. All presentations will be typed as an appendix to the final
edition of the US Army Survey Report of Survival Kits/Vests and distribution will be to all conference attendees.
*C;/
2 Incls
as
?OMAS K. JUDGE '

Conference Chairman
53
Ti I
MEETING ATTENDEES
DATE:
20 & 21 March 1979
PLACE:
USARIEM
BUILDING
ROOM NO.
133
JjURPOSESurvival Kit-Ym Tri-Servirfi Cnnfprpnrp
NAME
SE-30L
ORGANIZATION
TIL.
George Harris
AMMRC
Gerald L. Johnson
USAARL
SRG-UAE
558-7112
John P. Sambor
439iTAW/D00L Westover AFB, MA
DOOL
589-3001
Carl S. Haas
Air Branch Fire Power Div.

MCDEC. Ouantiro. VA
DOQ?
?7R-?nn<N
Ray Birringer
Mat'l Dev. Div, Ft. Rucker

Readiness Group, Devens Opera.
Ft. npvpn!, MA 01433
Readiness Group Aviation Team
Ft. Devens, MA
ATZO-D-MS
558-5272
bOQL
!
DAES
j
DAES
638--5871
CPT Dan Martella
HQ ARRS , Scott AFB, IL

National Defence HQ
ntJ-Au*,, Ontario K1A0K2
National Defence HQ
Ottawa. Ontario K1A0K2
James Firth
Dep. National Defense
DCIEM
633-4240
Alice Meyer
NARADCOM (FEL)
DRDNA-WM
955-260S
Robert H. Quinton
HHC 26th Avn. BM, Otis AFB
IASF
557-4233
James Fitzgerald
MAAF
796-3130
Robert G. White
HQ CO USAF, Ft. Devens, MA

CT. TARS, P.O. Box I
CTARNG Trumbull AP, Groton CT
CT TARS
636-7915
Jerry E. Nowicki
National Guard Bureau
NEB-AVN-L
i
J584-2029
David Hassen
Charles E. Lewis
Steve Howell
LTC John Wallington
Douglas Gibson
955-3258
222d Avn Bn, Ft. Wainwright, AK
256-2074
AFTZ-SO
Ft
L. D. Sand
USA Safety Center
N. B. Chase
HODA (DASG-PSP) WASH DC 20310
J. Vasko
USASCH, Hawaii
54
256-2074
Rucker,AL USASC
DASG-PSP
993-1745
673-2000
352-5203
558-3901
227-2743
488-0243
Second Page
MEETING ATTENDEES
DATE:
PLACE:
BUILDING
ROOM NO.
PURPOSE Tri-Service Conference
ORGANIZATION
91 Rockingham Dr., 509 BW,
L. R. Rudolph
Fease AFB. NH Q38QI
D0TL
852-3421
J. M. Peterson
HQ, TRADOC
USA CDA (AK), Ft. Richardson,
Alaska 99505
USA CDA (AK), Ft. Richardson,
Alaska 99505
HQ, 1st US Army, Ft. Meade, MD
20755
ATDRI-AV
630-2348
ATZLCA-AL
317-863-1201
ATZLCA-AL
317-863-1201
AFKA-01-V
923-2089
6002
441-2188
DFS
992-1979
DRSTS-MAPL
693-3715
P. H. Webb, Jr.
T. L. Duncan
W. Malinovsky
D. N. DeSimone
P. J. Vandenburg
James C. Dittmer
TEL.
NAME
SYMBOL
NAVAIRDEVCEN
National Defense HQ
TSARCOM, St. Louis, MO
63115
Robert L. Barrows
HQ Co USAC. Ft. Devens. MA
796-1110
Manuel J. Silva
HQ ARM. Ft. Devens. MA
796-2141
Christopher Lang
HQ USAC. Ft. Devens. MA
AFZD-PTS-AV 796-inn
Arthur Davis
A. B C Davis
USARASF. Ft. Devens. MA

DARCOM PO-ALSE, P.O. Box 209,
St. Louis, MO 63166
DRCPQ-AT.SF,
fi9ft-1?91
Kenneth Troup
ASD/AELS Wright-Patterson AFB
ALL
785-3QQQ
Bob Bernardo
102 F1W Mass Ana
DOTSL
968-5033
Hal Reitzig
102 FIS Mass Ang
DOTSL
968-5033
L. D. Reed
DCIEM
(^16)633-4240
K. N. Ackles
XIEM, Canada
Canadian Embassy
Washington, DC
C. Dugan
USCC
(205)344-2240-
ASMC Darell Gelakoska
USCfi A1r Sfarinn
9<?8-VHS
ZS6-2M5
(202)463-5505
CJ2LSiJj!ASJll
55
... ujaa |
iHMl
Third Page
MEETING ATTENDING
DATE:
PLACE:
PURPOSE
BUILDING
ROOM NO.
TRI-Servlce Conference
NAME
L. C. Balboni
ORGANIZATION
10th Special Forces, Ft. Devens,
nui33
SYMBOL
TEL.
796-3701
M. P. Hamlet
ARIEM
R. F. Goldman
ARIEM
SGED-UE-ME
955-2831
Thomas Cox
HHC, 26 AVN BN, Otis AFB
AASF
557-4233
DFS
992-1979
955-2865
Paul LeBell
National Defense HQ, ATTN: DFS

Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K2
US Coast Guard, ATTN: (G-0SR4/73), WASH. DC 20590
Army Aviation Support facility
Concord, NH
AASF
271-2168
Leonard Flores
USA NARADCOM
DRDNA-VCA
955-2461
Edward liarron
NARADCOM
DRDNA-VCA
955-2461
D. J. Cockburn
S. G. Maness
R. A. Petty
Stewart USAR ASF, Newburgh, NY

12550
Stewart USAR AS7, Newburgh, NY
12550
MAJ Peter Vergados
102 FIW Otis AFB, MA
J. A. Chubway
(202)426-15
247-3321
247-3321
DOTSL
986-4616
SWF ASF
247-3321
SWF ASF
247-3321
MAJ C. 0. Locklear

12550
12550
Thomas Judge
USA NARADCOM
DRDNA-VCA
955-2461
Mr. H. A. Fedrizzi
US Navy
AIB-340B
(202)692-74
David Ruf
USAARI, Otis AFB
Harry Dostourian
USA NARADCOM
DRDNA-VCC
955-2546
William Jones
USA FORSCOM
AFOP-AV
588-4116
LTC R. Nanartowich
MA ARNG, State Aviation Officer

Botton, MA
PST-AV
881-1641
A. J. Bevilacque
557-4107
56
Hi i' -rjt%5f *~^
tmt.
USAAVNC/USANARADCOM
TRI-SERVICE CONFERENCE
ON
SURVIVAL KITS AND VESTS
MARCH 20 - 21 1979
US ARMY NATICK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND
NATICK, MA 01760
PROGRAM AGENDA
20 March 1979
0800 - 0830
Registration
0830 - 0845
Welcoming Address, LTC Donald J. Marnon, Deputy

Commander, USA NARADCOM
0845 - 0915
Keynote Address: Survival-Medical Environment,

LTC Franklin J. McShane,Acting Commander USARIEM
0915 - 0945
Conference Objective and Survey Review, Chairman;

Thomas H. Judge, USA NARADCOM
0945 - 1000
Break
1000 - 1030
Search and Rescue - Medical Evacuation; Dr. Murray

P. Hamlet, DVM USARIEM
1030 - 1100
Search and Rescue Experiences in South East Asia;

Major S. Howell, USAF AARS Scott AFB, IL
1100 - 1130
Water Survival Experiences, CW3 J. Vasko, 25th

Infantry, Hawaii
1130 - 1230
Lunch
1230 - 1300
Alaska Aircrew Cold Region Conference, CPT Webb,

Ft. Richardson, Alaska
1300 - 1330
Cold Weather Survival User Experiences; CPT Gibson

172nd Infantry Brigade, Ft. Richardson, Alaska
1330 - 1415
Survival Experience, Survival Design Guide, and

Survival Equipment Designs; Canadian Armed Forces,
LTC Wallington and three other co-speakers.
1415 - 1430
Break
57
20 March 1979
1430 - 1500
Search and Rescue Overwater Experiences; ASMC Darell

Gelakoska, MPCO D. J. Dugan, US Coast Guard
1500 - 1530
US Navy Survival Components and Rafts, Mr. D. DeSimone,

Naval Air Development Center, Warminster, PA
1530 - 1600
USAF Survival Kits and Vests, Mr. Kenneth Troup,

Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
21 March 1979
0830 - 0930
Survival Food Packets, Food Engineering Lab, NARADC0M,

Ms. Alice Meyer, Dr. Donald E. Westcott
0930 - 0945
ALSE Management, Mr. William Jones, HQ F0RSC0M

Ft. McPherson, GA
0945 - 1000
US Army Reserve National Guard, ALSE, Mr. J. Nowicki,

National Guard Bureau
1000
1015
Break
1015
1200
Work Shops
Survival Vest Development Recommendations:
Judge, USA NARADCOM
Mr. T.
Survival Kits Development Recommendations:

Bamicle, USA NARADCOM
Mr. E.
1200 - 1300
Lunch
1300 - 1330
Air-Water Rescue Demonstration, US Coast Guard
1330 - 1400
Work Shop Recommendations
1400 - 1500
Tour of US Army Research Institute of Environmental

Medicine Laboratories, Mr. John Breckenridge, USARIEM,
Demonstration of Load Profile Analyzer with Survival
Vests
1600
Conference Adjournment
Revised 16 March 1979
56
^^sAâaf*
hsmmmmm&t,
APPENDIX C
MINUTES OF 11-12 SEPTEMBER 1979
JOINT WORKING GROUP MEETING
HELD AT US ARMY NATICK RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND
NATICK, MA
59

"S
//
-'>% HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION CENTER AND FORT RUCKER
FORT RUCKER. ALABAMA
36362
ATZQ-D-MS
SUBJECT:
TRADOC/NARADCOM Joint Working Group (JWG) for Aircrew Survival

Armor Recovery Vest, Survival Environmental Packets and the
Aircraft Modular Survival System Letter Requirements (LR's)
SEE DISTRIBUTION
1. A Joint Working Group convened at the Natick Aviation Research

and Development Command (NARADCOM), Natick, Massachusetts, on Sep
11-12 79, to review and finalize the following requirement documents:
a.
Survival Armor Recovery Vest
b.
Survival Environmental Packets (LR)
c.
Aircraft Modular Survival System (LR)
2.
ATTENDEES:
3.
AGENDA:
(LR)
Inclosure 1.
Inclosure 2.
4. Working drafts of the subject LR's were reviewed by the Working Group
members and a revised final draft of thase documents was prepared (Inclosures 3, 4 and 5).
5. During the review of the draft docuneuts, the following additional
items and action agencies responsible were identified:
a.
Funding Data - to be provided by NARADCOM.
b.
Cost Assessment Annex - to be provided by USAAVNC/NARADCOM..
c.
Rationale Annexes - to be provided by USAAVNC.
6. When this additional information is available, the USAAVNC will

finalize the LR's for external coordination to the TRADOC/DARCOM Aviation Communities.
MOND BIKKIN'r.-EK
TRADOC/USAAVNC
JWG CO-CHAIRMAN
if
i * 'rMJmwiftiifcmi
^MJ-
TOyjUDC!:
NARADCOM AJSE DEV
JWG CO-CHAIRMAN
60
i-.ii-i*.-.'-- .-.
........
LIST OF ATTENDEES
SUBJECT: TRADOC/NARADCOM Joint Working Group (JWG) for Aircrew
Survival Armor Recovery Vest, Survival Environment Packets and the
Aircraft Modular Survival System Letter Requirements (LR's)
DATE:
11-12 September 1979
BUILDING:
LOCATION:
USARIEM
NARADCOM
ROOM NO.
NAME
133
ORGANIZATION
OFFICE SYMBOL
PHONE
CPT Phil Webb
USAAVNC
ATZO-O-MS
558-5272/507
Ray Berringer
USAAVNC
ATZQ-D-MS
558-5272/507
Robert G. White
CT AVCRAD 1109T
Laurel D. Sand
USASC, Ft. Rucker, AL
A. Colligan
96th ARCOM, Salt Lake
J. Christie
AVRADCOM
DRDAV-EXS
693-1613
A. Davis
USARASF, Ft. Devens
USARASF
256-2343
Francis G. Boisseau
222D AVN BN (CBT)
AFZT-AV-SO
352-7111
Thomas E. Ault
222d AVN Bn
AFZT-AV-SO
352-5205
MAJ Manuel J. Silva
94th AVN SPT FAC
Ft. Devens, MA
796-2343
Sherwood R. Budgi
4th Ind Div DMMC
DMMC
691-5300
LTC Clarence E. Suggs
NGB AVN-Safety
NGB-OAC
584-4454
Edward J. Barnicle
NARADCOM
DRDNA-UAM
955-2211
Thomas H. Judge
NARADCOM
DRDNA-VCA
955-2461
William D. Jones
FORSCOM
AFOP-AV
588-3348
CPT Robert L. Barrows
USAG Ft. Devens
AFZD-PAS
796-3306
636-8385/83
PESC-AT
926-4084
61
It
558-4198/390
niiiirftidifhtr-ii
F-
^^?y^^.r.^^J\i|lilJ^Bffl|!!t.^j:B UM
I7?T?B^r:TOT7^îtT&-3v^';^-'-^.^.;'-T--^T1'^T---'.';'in;*II VlilJLIIIlipMPWWBWWWWWWit
PAGE NO.
ORGANIZATION
NAME
LTC Alan J. Flory
AHS
MSGT C. S. Haas
MCDEC, Quantico.VA
PFC
Rardrick L. McGuire
Donald J. Wajda
OFFICE SYMBOL
PHONE
471-3403
HSA-COM
USAG Avn, Ft. Devens
NARADCOM
D-092
278-2006
AFZD-AV
256-3130
DRDNA-VCA
955-2047
Lee C. Rock
Life Support SPO.WPAFB
ASD/AELS
785-3550
Irving Tarlow
NARADCOM
DRDNA-EM
955-2360
Robert G. Quintin
AASF, Otis AFB, MA
968-4152
I
*
i
i
l
i
6?
~^JU
mm i
Mi
AGENDA
ALSE - JWC (DEV)
FOR
AIRCREW SURVIVAL ARMOR RECOVERY VEST, SURVIVAL ENVIRONMENTAL PACKETS
AND
THE AIRCRAFT MODULAR SURVIVAL SYSTEM
-HQ NARADCOM 11-12 SEP 79
ACTION AGENCY
SUBJECT
TIME/DATE
11 Sep 79
USAAVNC/NARADCOM
0830
INTRODUCTIONS
0845
REVIEW SURVIVAL VEST/KIT

SURVEY RESULTS
NARADCOM
REVIEW SURVEY
RECOMMENDATIONS
USAAVNC/NARADCOM
REVIEW DRAFT AIRCREW

SURVIVAL ARMOR RECOVERY VEST
USAAVNC/NARADCOM
RATIONALE ANNEX
ALL
REVIEW ENVIRONMENTAL
SURVIVAL PACKET LP
USAAVNC/NARADCOM
RATIONALE ANNEX
ALL
1300
1530
ADJOURN
12 Sep 79
REVIEW AIRCRAFT MODULAR
SURVIVAL SYSTEM
USAAVNC/NARADCOM
RATIONALE ANNEX
ALL
1300
CONCLUDE REQUIREMENTS
ANNEXES
ALL
1530
ADJOURN
0830
63
MM
tmmmmm
DRAFT LETTER REQUIREMENT

FOR
AIRCREW SURVIVAL ARMOR RECOVERY VEST
1.
TITLE OF ITEM.
2.
STATEMENT OF NEED.
a.
Aircrew Survival/Armor/Recovery Vest
A need exists to provide aircrew members with a survival vest
that will:
retain essential survival signa] and communication components;
provisions for attachment of a life preserver; a fragmentation protective carrier containing an armor insert; storage pockets for essential
environmental (temperate, hot, cold, over water) survival components;
and to provide a hoist pick-up attachment/harness that will attach to a
rescue helicopter hoist cable-hook.
3.
b.
This item is required by FY 80.
c.
CARDS to be assigned.
JUSTIFICATION.
a.
(1)
Problem.
There is a safety hazard with the present survival vest.
The
pocket design is extremely bulky, heavy and Interferes with the operational
mission of the aircrew member.
1,2)
In addition, the present vest design does not provide for:
(a)
Retention of attachment of a life preserver.
(b)
Retention of fragmentation protective carrier that contain,
an armor lasert.
6H
(c)
An adequate pocket configuration for retention of survival
components for temperate, hot, cold, over water environments as required.

(d)
A hoist pick-up attachment/harness that will attach to a
rescue helicopter hoist cable hook.

(e)
b.
Materials resistant to fire or flame.

The proposed Aircrew Survival Armor Recovery Vest will have a
capacity for retaining essential survival signal and communications

components, provisions for an attachment of a life preserver, a fragmentation carrier, redesigned pocket size for essential environmental
survival components, rescue hoist pick-up attachment/harness fabricated
with materials resistant to fire or flame.
4.
BASIS OF ISSUE.
a.
The vest will be issued on a basis of one (1) per authorized
aircrew member.
b.
5.
Vest will be issued in four sizes.
PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS.
a.
(1)
Performance Characteristics.
The vest and pocket design shall not create injury hazard and
shall not interfer with access to and operation of flight controls or

emergency and crash egress.
(2)
The vest shall be compatible with:
(a)
Cockpit and crew station geometry, to include optical relay
tubes and telescoping sighting units.

(b)
Seats and restraints systems.
65
MB '''ll'iA HUM n
.***.
(c)
Flight clothing and all other life support equipment.
(3)
The vest design shall have provisions for:
(a)
Single hand side adjustments.
(b)
An integral single point pick-up attachment/harness that will
connect to a rescue hoist cable hook.
Hook up shall be accomplished by
survivor.
(c)
Attachment of a fragmentation protective carrier containing
a body armor insert for front and back with quick release capability.
(d)
Attachment for a life preserver.
(e)
Retention of essential day and night signal and communications
components.
(f)
Pockets for the specific use of essential environmental sur-
vival components.
(g)
Optimum ease of operation and accessability for a partially
disabled aircrewmember.
(4)
All materials used in the construction of the vest shall be
resistant to:
(5)
flame, rust, rot, fungus or corrosion.
The vest shall be suitable for storage and use in all climate
categories as defined in AR 70-38.

(6)
Shelf life of the vest shall be a minimum of five (5) years,
desirable of fifteen (15) years.

(7)
Chemical decontamination of the vest shall be accomplished
with present fielded decontamination equipment.

(8)
Transportability of this item shall present no unique problems.
66
L... ...
_.^....î
(9)
The total vest system completely assembled with components,
survival armor and flotation must be compatible with all cockpit and
crew station geometry, all seats, restraint systems, flight clothing,
and other life support equipment.
(10)
The vest shall be repairable using standard fabric repair
procedures.
(11)
All vest retention devices will secure all components during
a crash to avoid injuries to the crew member.,

(12)
The vest design shall minimize body heat retention.
(13)
Vest shall contain the following components:
(a)
Survival radio.
(b)
Mirror, emergency signaling (small).
(c)
MK-13 day-night flares (2 ea).
(d)
Compass, magnetic (Lensatic).
(e)
Signal kit foliage penetrating, M185.
(f)
Light, marker distress SDU-5/E.
(g)
Environmental packets (2).
(h)
Survival manual/instruction.
b.
(1)
Nuclear Hardening and Other Considerations.

Nuclear survivability is not required because the system is
not being developed for use in a nuclear conflict.

(2)
COMSEC and ECCM are not considerations for the survival vest
because of the nature of the item.

c.
Non Nuclear Survivability.
The survival vest must be designed
to withstand use in adverse combat conditions.
67
This could, but may not
be, limited to use in dust, dirt, mud, sunshine and wet environments
or any extremes thereof,
d.
6.
RAM.
(1)
RAM requirements are not applicable to the survival vest..
(2)
RAM rationaleprovided in annex C.
TESTING REQUIRED.
a.
Development and Operational Testing (DT II and OT II) will be
conducted with all aircrew stations on all aircraft except OV-1.
7.
b.
DT II and OT II will be programmed by DARCOM and TRADOC.
c.
Milestones.
SIR
FY
(1)
Initiation
81
(2)
Engineering and HF evaluation
81
(3)
DT/OT
83
(4)
DEVA IPR
84
LOGISTIC SUPPORT IMPLICATIONS.
The vest shall be designed for repair
at DS/GS level and shall be maintainable with standard type tools and
equipment.
8.
TRAINING ASSESSMENT.
The materiel developer and TRADOC proponent
will develop a complete training subsystem to support the aircrew survival/armor/recovery vest.
This training sub-system will include a complete
Skill Performance Aids (SPA) package including all training devices and
training materials necessary to provide individual and collective training
in both institutions and units.
68
IiMiln'fil a"--"-
UI.II.....
tajatfl
a.
The TRADOC proponent will provide the DARCOM developer with
information on the target user populations and will assist the materiel
developer in identifying any unusual training requirements inherent
in the intended user population.
b.
The contractor will produce, and DARCOM and TRADOC will arrive
at a signed agreement on, a complete list of operator/crew and maintenance

tasks through the general support maintenance level.
This task list
will be generated LAW MIL-M-63035.

c.
The materiel developer will procure a complete SPA and training
package, to include TM and training materials, for the system.
The SPA
package will be developed and funded IAW and DARCOM/TRADOC SPA Policy
Statement.
d.
Requirements for training devices identified in the demonstra-
tion and validation phase, and for which no separate requirements document
exist, are as follows:
e.
None.
The need for additional training requirements and materials,
such as classroom trainers or collective trainers, which were not

identified in the demonstration and validation phase, will be investigated.
The necessary TRADOC/DARCOM responsibilities and resources
to develop these additional training materials will be established and

requirements document"" will be prepared as appropriate.
f.
The TRADOC proponent will prepare/update the Individual and
Collective Training Plan (CTP) which will describe all system training
requirements.
The ICTP will specify MOS, skill levels, jobs and tasks
69
L.
to be trained using SPA materials and will also describe the requirements
for materiel developer training for service school staff and faculty.
.g.
The TRADOC proponent will develop training products not included
in the SPA package or developed by the materiel developer as the result

of a DARCOM/TRADOC agreement.
These products include the ARTEP, SQT,
Soldiers Manuals, TEC materials, motion pictures.

h.
TMs and training materials developed by the materiel developer
will be made available to the TRADOC proponent school in sufficient time

to allow preparation of the Training Test Support Package for OT II.
i.
The draft SPA package, prototype system training devices and
TRADOC developed training materials to support OT II will be delivered

to the test site IAW AR 700-127 and AR 71-2 and tested as part of the
overall system during OT.
j.
The ability of OT test player personnel, representative of the
user population and trained with the DARCOM/TRADOC training materials,

to. perform the required tasks to the specified level of proficiency
will be a critical issue for test.
k.
All elements of the training support package for individual
and collective training will be available in final form for system IOC.
9.
MANPOWER/FORCE STRUCTURE ASSESSMENT. . System development will
require no increases in logistics, personnel or training support requirements beyond current Army needs.
10.
OTHER SERVICE OR ALLIED NATION INTEREST.
Representatives from all
other US Armed Services participated in the Aviation Life Support
70
_^-fc*.
Survival Vest/Kit Conference held in March 1979.

conference generated this requirement document.
staffed with the oi-her uniformed services.
The results of the

The draft LR was
Indications received reflect
a high interest in the development of this item since other services

have similar needs and equipment .problems.
11.
LIFE CYCLE COST ASSESSMENT.
To be furnished by NARADCOM.
71

FOR
SURVIVAL ENVIRONMENTAL PACKET
TITLE OF ITEM.
2.
STATEMENT OF NEED.
a.
Survival Environmental Packets.
A need exists to provide the aircrewraember operating in the
temperate, hot weather, cold weather and over water flight environments
with essential climatically orientated survival components for the
proposed Survival Armor Recovery Vest; to provide a means of immediate
self-aid in the event of an emergency which places them in a survival
situation.
3.
b.
This item is required by FY 80.
c.
CARDS.
JUSTIFICATION.
a.
Problem.
Current survival vest components for use (tropical)
are not adequate nor practical in all environmental regions.

b.
Operational Deficiency.
Temperate, cold, hot and over water
environments require specific survival components adopted to weather

extremes and other conditions that exist in each environment.
The
proposed Survival Environmental Packets will provide aircrewmembers with

essential climatically oriented survival components for immediate selfaid in either temperate, hot, cold or over water survival environments.
Adoption to combination environments will be possible Dy use of, for
instance, both hot and over water packets.
72
Jim.
A.
BASIS OF ISSUE.
a.
Generally, three packets will be Issued per aircrewmember,
one temperate an4, two environmental packets.

b.
5.
Packets will be issued IAW CTA-50-900.
a.
(1)
Performance characteristics.
Each packet shall provide the aircrewmembers with essential
signal mini-medical components specifically identified for survival in

the environmental region of assignment.
(2)
Packets shall be designed to fit in the two pockets provided
on the survival armor recovery vest.

(3)
Each packet shall be designed for optimum easy of opening and
accessibility by a partically disabled aircrewmember.

(4)
All survival packets shall be VACUUM packed and sealed.
(5)
All materials used shall be rust, rot, fungus, corrosion
resistant and flame resistant where feasible, with a shelf life of not
less than 5 years.
(6)
Chemical decontamination of the packets shall be accomplished
with present fielded decontamination equipment.

(7)
Transportability of these items shall not present any unique
problems.
(8)
The temperate/basic weather packet shall provide for:
(a)
Signal devices (not already provided in the vest) that are
designed for general use in temperate climates.
73
"Tllllll llll
.JfcM
(b)
A medical kit shall be developed to meet the environmental
conditions of the temperate zone flight conditions.
This kit would
be designed for potential survival situations in areas where extreme

temperatures are not encountered.
(c)
As a minimum, the temperate packet shall contain:
JL.
Flash guard (blue).
2.
Water bag.
3.
Mosquito net.
_4_.
Metal match and tinder.
_5.
Razor knife.
Rescue/signal blanket.
Signal mirror (metal).
6.
Sun screen.
_9.
Water purification tablets.
10.
3x5 gauze bandage (new).
11.
Asprin tablets.
12.
Band-aids (larger than present).
13.
Bedadine antisiptic.
14.
Matches (stick and waterproof).
15.
Flexi-saw.
16.
Jack knife.
17.
Two packets for other medical items as determined by needs.
(9)
The cold climate packet shall consist of:
(a)
Immediate self-aid essential signal survival items (not already
in the vest) that are applicable to cold regions.
These additional items
7U
BiMiMH
i
Wi
i Til.,
shall aasist the aircrewmeraber in critical communications with search

and rescue activities in the Arctic regions.
(b)
A medical kit shall be developed to meet the critical and
extreme temperature/environmental requirements of cold regions

(c)
Cold climate packet shall contain:
1.
Fire starter M-2 (2 ea).
2.
Cold climate chapstick.
3..
Water/wind proof matches.
b.
Non-deterorating heat tablets.
_5.
High protein foods (new D v).
Sewing kit (heavy duty).

_7.
One quart water bag.
J3.
Packet holder made of bright colored Velcro material.
(10)
(a)
The hot climate packet shall consist of:

Immediate self aid essential signal survival items (not already
in the vest) that are applicable to hot regions.
Those additional items
shall assist the aircrewmeraber in critical communications with search

and rescue activities in hot environments.
(b)
A medical kit shall be developed to meet the critical and
extreme temperature/environmental requirements of the hot regions.

(c)
As a minimum the hot packet shall contain:
1.
Hot climate type chapstick.
2.
Solar still.
3..
Water /wind proof matches.
A.
Water bag.
75
6.
TESTING REQUIRED.
a.
Development and Operational Testing (DT/OT II) will be conducted
with all aircrew stations on all aircraft.

b.
DT/OT II will be programmed by DARCOM and TRADOC.
c.
Milestones.
C|TR
FY
(1)
Initiation
81
(2)
Test Review
4.
81
(3)
DT/OT
83
(4)
DEVA. IPR
84

a.
Vac packed components damaged or opened accidently shall be
returned to the depot for inspection and repack.

b.
Logistic support in all other cases will be identical to the
current system.
8.
will develop a complete training subsystem to support the survival

environment packets.
This training subsystem will include a complete
Skill Performance Aids (SPA) package including all training devices

and training materials necessary to provide individual and collective
training in both institutions and units.
a.
information on the target user populations, and will assist the materiel
developer in identifying any unusual training requirements inherent in
the intended user population.
il,,. ,,
**J . -. .
(11)
The over water packet shall consist of:
(a)
Essential self-aid signal devices (not already provided)
that are applicable to the crewmembers' survival in a water environment.

The additional items shall assist the crewmember in critical communications with search and rescue activities.
(b)
A medical kit shall be developed'to meet the critical/extreme
survival conditions associated with over water survival and water

immersion.
(c)
The over water packet shall contain:
1.
Dy marker (2 ea).
2_.
Anti-motion sickness tablets.
3,
Whistel.
4.
Chapstick.
b.
(1)
Nuclear survivabllity is not required because the system is

(2)
c.
COMSEC and ECCH not applicable to these items.

Non Nuclear Survivabllity.
The items/packages called for in
this document must be designed for use in typical to adverse combat

conditions.
Considerations should be given for anticipated use of the
proposed items in dust, dirt, mud, sun, wet or other extreme environments.
d.
jackets.
RAM.
RAM requirements are not applicable to the survival
RAM rationalesee rationale annex.
77
b.
The contractor will produce, and DARCOM and TRADOC will arrive
at a signed agreement on, a complete list of operator/crew and maintenance tasks through the general support maintenance level.
This task
list will be generated IAW MIL-M-63035.

c.
The materiel developer will procure a complete SPA and training
package, to include TM and training materials, for the system.
The SPA
package will be developed and funded IAW and DARCOM/TRADOC SPA Policy
Statement.
d.
Requirements for training devices identified in the demonstration
and validation phase, and for which no separate requirements document

e.
None.
such as classroom trainers or collective trainers, which were not

identified in the demonstration and validation phase, will be investigated.
The necessary TRADOC/DARCOM responsibilities and resources to
develop these additional training materials will be established and

requirements documents will be prepared as appropriate.
f.
Collective Training Plan (CTP) which will describe all system trainin
requirements.
to be trained using SPA materials and will also describe the requirements for materiel developer training for service school staff and
faculty.
78
I
Jam
g.


h.
will be made available to the TRADOC proponent school in sufficient time

to allow preparation of the Training Test Support Package for OT 11.
i.

j.
The ability of OT test player personnel, representative of the
user population and trained with the DAI'COM/TRADOC training materials,

to perform the reqif ed tasks to the specified level of proficiency will
be a critical issue for test.
k.
All elements of the training support package for individual
and collective training will be available in final form for system IOC.
9.
MANPOWER/FORCE STRUCTURE ASSESSMENT.
The development of this system
will not increase logistics, personnel or training support beyond

current needs.
Use of special packaging such as VAC sealing will reduce
inspection time over present system and could eventually reduce manpower requirements.
10.
OTHER SERVICES OR ALLIED NATION INTEREST.
The proposed system may
be applicable to all serivces and allied nations, USAF, USMC, USN and
79
USGG are aware of this development effort and have expressed an interest
in the development of this system.
11,
To be provided by NARADCOM.
80

FOR
AN AIRCRAFT MODULAR SURVIVAL SYSTEM
1.
TITLE OF THE ITEM.
2.
STATEMENT OF NEED.
a.
Aircraft Modular Survival System.
Aircrews and passengers operating in all environments (tem-
perate, hot, cold and over water) need a system that will provide a
means for their survival in the event of an emergency which places
them in a survival situation.
The system must interface with available
storage space on current and developmental airframes, complement existing

and developmental clothing for environmental protection and provide
necessary equipment with which personnel may accomplish tasks critical
to their survival.
3.
b.
This system required by 1980.
c.
CARDS reference Number:
JUSTIFICATION.
a.
Problem.
Survival kits currently in use are unsuitable for
their intended.purpose.
Additionally, none are designed for passenger
use.
b.
Operational Deficiency.
Current Army survival kits for
airerewmembers were adopted on a piecemeal basis.
As a result, they
fail to functionally interface in varying degrees with current and

developmental airframes, projected survival scenarios, clothing and
81
protective equipment.
Current kits do not provide sufficient environ-
mental protection or items of equipment with which personnel may

accomplish tasks critical to survival in all environments of the
world.
Design of current kits for individual rather than crew use
results in excessive weight and bulk due to excessive duplication of

component items.
Use of the modular concept in a system designed to
interface with airframes, projected survival scenarios, clothing and

protective equipment together with use of improved technology, such as
vacuum packaging, will eliminate existing deficiencies and provide
functional, lightweight, small bulk kits necessary for survival in all
regions.
4.
BASIS OF ISSUE.
The basic modules will be issued to crews operating
in Climatic Zones I thru VII of CTA 50-900.
See table 1 below.
TYPE 0? MODULES TO BE ISSUED PER CLIMATE CONDITION
OVER
CLIMATE
CONDITION
BASIC
MODULE
WTUR
HOT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
COLD
X
X
X
table 1
82
tr'nUMnJHi'i Ifti'i
**.-*
Table 2 provides a breakdown of numbers and sizes of nodules for various

crew combinations.
BASIS OF ISSUE PER TYPE AIRCRAFT
AIRCRAFT
NUMBER OF MODULES & SIZE
CREW/PAX
10
UH-1
2-2 Man
AH-l/AAH-64
1-2 Man
OH-58
2-2 Man
CH-47
1-2 Man
CH-54
2-2 Man
UH-60
2-2 Man
OH-6
2-2 Man
C-12
2-2 Man
1-5 Man
U-8
1-2 Man
1-5 Man
U-21
1-2 Man
1-5 Man
T-42
2-2 Man
2-5 Man
32
6-5 Man
,
2-5 Man
3
14
4
4
TAb.le 2
5.
a.
Description.
The modular survival system will consist of
environmental or climatic specific modules containing items of equipment

necessary for aircrew survival which are either intended for group
use or are too heavy or bulky to be components of the Aircrew Survival/
Armor Recovery Vest.
The system shall complement and interface with
83
the Aircrew Survival/Armor Recovery Vest and its environmental packets.

The modular system will be configured with basic or temperate climatic
units which can be quickly and easily modified for specific climates
or environments by the addition or deletion of hot, cold or over water
environment specific modules;
Combination environments such as cold-
over water or hot-over water will be accommodated as necessary through

the use of multiple modules.
b.
Performance Characteristics.
The aircrew modular survival
system:
(1)
Must interface with current and developmental airframes for
inflight storage on all Army aircraft and be configured at minimum weight

and volume to minimize degradation of allowable cargo load.
(2)
Must be configured and stowed to minimize damage and remain
easily accessible to crewmembers.
This includes, but is not limited
to, protection from fire, crash Impact and provisions for flotation in
event of ditching.
^3)
Mu&t interface with protective clothing and environmental
equipment, oxygen, survival vest and personnel restraint systems to

minimize degradation of crew efficiency during inflight operations.
(4)
Must complement aircrew clothing and equipment for environ-
mental protection and support and search and rescue interface.

(5)
Must interface with existing and developmental over water
survival equipment.
Over water equipment may be either integral or
add on components, i.e., anti-exposure suits, life vest and rafts.
8*
i rmriM'iirt"
(6)
Must be configured in four modules; temperate, hot, cold,
and over water.
The modules will complement the vest and serve as a
means of carrying the heavier or remaining bulky items for personnel

use in completing critical survival tasks.
Modules will be configured
on the basis of both two and five member groups.

(7)
Must be suitable for use in terrain and climatic conditions
found in zones I thru IV, CTA-50-900 and climatic categories I thru4Efi,

AR 70-38.
(8)
Must contain sufficient quantities of consumable components
(except food and water) to last 24 hours.

(9)
Must be configured with devices to discourage pilferage of
contents.
(10)
Must consider existing and developmental survival equipment
within the DoD inventory and civilian market.

(11)
Must contain component items which provide the crew or
crewmember with capabilities critical to their survival as follows:

(a)
1.
Basic or temperate module shall contain:

Medical supplies, with directions, to provide aid for indi-
viduals with injuries sustained during survival crash sequences.

2.
Tools per individual, which will cut or otherwise remove materiels
such as restrint harnesses, wire bundles, plexiglass and skin of the

aircraft.
3.
Suitable survival literature to include a copy of AFM-64-5 per
module and an individual pocket size aircrewmember survival guide shall

be provided.
65
L.ii i in in jjUati
,mm*m"nm MÂ
4^
Tool(s) for constructing shelters of natural materials such as
snow, ice, earth, and vegetation shall be provided in appropriate

modules.
5^.
Tool(s) and material(s) for building and sustaining a fire
during periods of heavy precipitation utilizing natural materials as

fuel.
6^.
A provision for utilizing aircraft fuel for heat.
1_.
Must include multiple means of visual signaling with capabi-
lities as follows:
Required, equivalent to current components of kits
listed in paragraph 7; Desirable; visible at 10NM daytime and 5NM nighttime for altitude to 10,000 ft AGL.
j$.
Must include tools and materials to utilize natural materials
for signaling.
9_,
Survival rations sufficient to sustain the crew for 24 hours
except the cold module which shall contain provisions for 72 hours
contingent upon available space.
10.
Tool(s) and materials to obtain natural food from the environ-
11.
Tools and materials to obtain water from the environment.
ment.
This will include but not limited to, a means to melt snow or ice,
purify water and then store the water in the following quantity:
Minimum 1 gallon; desirable 3 gallons.
12.
The following items will be contained in each respective 2-5
man temperate/basic module:
86
-~ iwww
2 MAN MODULE
5 MAN MODULE
Survival manual
First aid kit
Wire snare
Signal smoke & illumination MK-13
Matches, non safety wood
Box match, water proof
Fishing kit
Food packets, survival
10
Head net, insect
Spoon, plastic
Fuel, compressed (ration heating)
Pan, frying
Back-up batteries, radio
Light, marker
Fire starter, lighter butane
Bag, storage
Net gill, fishing
Insect, repellant
Solar still
Sun glasses
COMPONENT
(b)
1.
Cold climate module shall contain:

Water protected from freezing for one hour at -50 F in the
following quantity:
Required, one pint per Individual; desired, one
quart per individual.
87
'"' "l<i4 '
2.
The cold climate aircraft module shall contain one sleeping
bag issued on the basis of one per individual.

_3
The cold module shall contain a shelter capable or withstanding
winds to 40 kts, easily and quickly erectable on ice pack or bare,

frozen ground by one individual.
The shelter must be configured to
be both vapor permeable and waterproof and must include provisions for
insect protection and ventilation for year around use.
The shelters
must be compatible with both two and five member crews.

4u
A means for one individual to travel over snow (cold module
only).
5.
Tool(s) and materials with which over snow equipment can be
constructed using natural materials.

j6.
Must contain sufficient quantities of consumables to last
at least 14 days (except food and water).

7_.
The following items will be contained in each respective 2
and 5 man cold climate module:

COMPONENT
2 MAN MODULE
5 MAN MODULE
Sleeping bag
Food pickets, survival
10
Candle, illuminating type 1
12
Stove, gasoline burner M1950
2 Man mountain tent
5 Man mountain tent

Saw knife, shovel
1
1
Snow shoes, trail type, magnesium frame and bindings, one -.et per
aircraft except OV-1.
88
Sac
Distress signal, day/night MK-13
4ea
Whistle
lea
Desalter kit
5ea
Solar distillation, Class B
lea
Adapter, distillation bag
lea
Food packets, survival gen purpose 5ea

Water, storage bags, size A
Sea
Survival manual
lea
Bailing sponge, size 8, type II
2ea
Bailing bucket
Sunburn ointment
Light, distress marker
lea
2ea
lea
lea
Canopy
6ea
Canopy rods
lea
Canopy mast
Equalizer clamps
4ea
Dye marker
Nylon Cord (30 ft)
Compass, lensatic
(12)
2ea
lea
lea
Chemical decontamination of the modular survival system
shall be accomplished with present fielded equipment.

(13)
Transportability of the modular system shall present no
unique problems.
89
- ..*^--jrf^T^rtMbihiliii^
' ' ^4^^,i,Mfc^wiw^^
(c)
Hot climate module shall contain:
COMPONENT
2 MAN MODULE
aun
5 MAN MODULE
Water, drinking
20
Solar still
Machete
Hat, reversible,
(d)
The over water module shall contain the following:
COMPONENT
2 MAN MODULE
Bail boat
Sponge
Sea marker
Desalter kit
Sunburn preventive
Solar still
Water, canned
5 MAN MODULE
10
**(6 man, 1)
Life raft*(l man)
*1 man raft will be strapped to individuals' leg or thigh.

**6 man raft has the following accessories contained within its container kit:
Hand pump
lea
Adapter pump
lea
Repair kit (10 plugs)
lea
Radio set
lea
First aid kits
2ea
Signal mirror, Mark III
lea
90
.,,-...
...^..VJU^-
c.
(1)

Nuclear survivability is not required because the system is

(2)
COMSEC and ECCM are not considerations for this modular
system due to the nature of the items contained within it.

d.
Non Nuclear Survivability.
The aircraft modular survival
system oust be designed to withstand use in adverse combat conditions.

The system must function in extreme operations such as dust, dirt,
wet, muddy, snow or any other environmental conditions that survivors
of downed aircraft may encounter.
e.
RAM.
Quantitative RAM requirements are considered to be not
applicable to the proposed system since the system is considered passive

fxom a RAM standpoint.
The proposed system will be comprised of current
standard/or soon to be standard items and is therefore, essentially

nondevelopmental in nature.
6.
TESTING REQUIRED.
a.
DT-OT testing is required to ensure compliance with stated
criteria.
b.
7.
Milestonres:
to be supplied by the materiel developer.

a.
The proposed system will replace the following survival kits
used in applicable regions (SB 700-20, Mar 79).
91
-â-*i-W *******
(1)
LIN
NSN
NOMENCIATURE
U72412
1680-00-973-1862
Survival kit,
PRICE
Individual, cold
climate
(2)
U72686
1680-00-973-1863
$363.00
Survival kit,
Individual,
over water
(3)
U72549
1680-00-973-1861
Survival kit,
Individual, Hot
b.
items.
$337.00
$326.00
Logistics support methods will be identical to the replaced

However, the totality of lc^lstic support will be greatly reduced
due to elimination of items listed in paragraph 7a above.

8.
will develop a complete training subsystem to support the aircraft

modular survival system.
This training subsystem will include a com-
plete Skill Performance Aids (SPA) package including all training

devices and training materials necessary to provide individual and
coll-wvtive training in both institutions and units.
a.
information in ilie target user populations and will assist the materiel
developer in identifying any unusual training requirements inherent in
the intended us^r population.
>,.
The contractor will produce, and DAIiCOM and TRADOC will arrive
at a signed agreement on, a complete list of operator/crew and maintenance
92
>"i tHW'ii Mil iiul
W'-'W
^^ HvT*S.'" '"
tasks through the general support maintenance level.
This task list
will be generated IAW MIL-M-63035.

c.
the materiel developer will procure a complete SPA and training
package, to include TK and training materials, for the system.
The
SPA package will be developed.and funded IAW and DARCOM/TRADOC SPA

Policy Statement.
d.
Requirements for training devices identified in the demonstration
and validation phase, and for which no separate requirements document

e.
None.
such as classroom trainers or collective trainers, which were not identified in the demonstration and validation phase, will be investigated.
The necessary TRADOC/DARCOM responsibilities and resources to develop
these additional training materials will be established and requirements
documents will be prepared as appropriate.
f.
Collective Training Plan (CTP) which will describe all system training
requirements.
to be trained using SPA materials and will also describe the requirements
for materiel developer training for servi,e school staff and faculty.
g.

93
h.
will be made available to the TRADOC proponent school in sufficient

tima to allow preparation of the Training Test Support Package for
OT II.
1.

j.
The aiility of OT test player personnel, representative of the
user population and trained with the DARCOM/TRADOC training materials,

to perform the required tasks to the specified level of proficiency will
be a critical issue for test.
k.
All elements of the training support package for individual and
collective training will be available in final form for system IOC.

9.
MANPOWER/FORCE STRUCTURE ASSESSMENT.
System development will require
no increases in logistics, personnel or training support requirements

beyond current Army needs.
10.
OTHER SERVICES OR ALLIED NATION INTEREST.
The proposed system may
be applicable to all Services and Allied Nations.
USMC, USN, USAF, and
USCG were made aware of the proposed system at Tri-Service Conference

held at NARADCOM 20 and 21 March 1979.
11.
To be provided by NARADCOM.
94
Distribution
HQ, Company USAC, ATTN: CPT R. Barrows/Chrir-Lopher Lang, Ft. Devens, NA
HQ, ARRI, ATTN: Mr. Silva, Ft. Devens, MA 04133
Cdr, DARCOM Readiness Cmd, ATTN: P.O. ALSE (Mr. Davis), P.O. Box 209,
St. Louis, MO 63166
HQ, ASD/AELS, ATTN: Mr. K. Troup, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
HQ, 102 Ftr Ine Wing, MA Air National Guard, ATTN: MAJ P. Vergados,
SGT R. Bernardo, LT H. Reitzig, Otis AFB, MA
Cdr, US Coast Guard Training Station, ATTN; MPCO (C. J. Dugan), Mobil,
AL 36608
HQ, USAARI, ATTN: Mr. David Ruf, Otis AFB, MA
HQ, Company USAF, ATTN: MAAF (J. Fitzgerald), Ft. Devens, MA 04133
HQ, CT ARNG, CT TARS, P.O. Box 1, ATTN: Mr. R. White, Trumbull AP,
Groton, CT
National Guard Bureau, ATTN: NGB-AVN-L, (WO J. Nowicki), Edgewood
Arsenal, MD 21010
HQ, 222nd Avn Bn, ATTN: AFTZ-SO (CPT D. Gibsonl Ft. Wainwright, Alaska
Cdr, US Army Safety Center, ATTN: Mr. L. D. Sands, Ft. Rucker, AL 36362
HQDA, ATTN: DASG-PSP (LTC B. Chase), WASH, DC
HQ, TRADOC, ATTN: ATORI-AV (MAJ J. M. Peterson), Ft. Monroe, VA
Cdr, USA Combat Development Activity, ATTN: ATZLCA-AL (CPT P. Webb/T. L.
Duncan), Ft. Richardson, Alaska 99505
Cdr, US Army Materiels 6 Mechanics Research Center, ATTN: G. Harris,
Watertown, MA
Cdr, US Army Aeromedical Research Lab., US Army Aviation Center,
ATTN: SGR-UAE (S/SGT G. Johnson), Ft. Rucker, AL 36362
Cdr, 439 TAW, ATTN: DCCL (Mr. J. Sambor), Westover AFB, MA
Cdr, US Marine Corps Development Center, Air Branch Fire Power Div.,
ATTN: D092 M/SGT C. Haas, Quantico, VA
Cdr, US Army Aviation Center, ATTN: ATZQ-D-MS (Mr. Birringer), Ft.
Rucker, AL 36362
HQ, Readiness Group, Devens Operation, ATTN: David Hassen, SCT Lewis,
Ft. Devens, MA 04133
HQ, ARRS, ATTN: DOQL (MAJ Steven Howelli Scott AFB, IL
National Defense Headquarters, ATTN: DAES/DFS (LTC J. Wallington, MAJ
Cockbura, CPT Martella, Mr. L. D. Reed, Mr. J. Firth, WO P. J. Vandenburgl Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K2
Cdr, 26 AVN, BN, ATTN: AASF (MAJ T. Cox/SGT Quinton), Otis AFB, MA
HQ, USAR ASF, ATTN: Mr. J. Chubway, R. A. Petty, A. J. Bevilacque,
MAJ C. 0. Locklear, Stewart Air Field, Newburgh, NT
Cdr, Company A 25th Combat Aviation Battalion, ATTN: CW3 J. Vasko,
Scofield Barracks, Hawaii 96657
LTC Richard Nanartowich, State Aviation Officer, 905 Commonwealth Ave.,
Boston, MA 02215
Dr. Ackles, Canadian Embassy, 250 Massachusetts Aveune N.W., WASH, DC
Cdr, Army Aviation Support Facility, ATTN: Mr. LaBell, State Military
Reservation, Concord, NH 03301
M/Sgt L. R. Rudolph, 91 Rockingham Drive, 509 BW, Pease AFB, NH 03801
95
pp^f7>
*n ""'"
Cdr, US Coast Guard Air Station, ATTN: ASMC D. Gelakoska, Otis AFB, MA
HQ, 10th Special Forces, ATTN: L. C. Balboni, Ft. Devens, MA 04133
Cdr, US Coast Guard, ATTN: G-OSR-4/73 (CWO S. Maness), Wash, DC 20590
Cdr, Naval Air Development Center, ATTN: D. DeSimone, Code 6002,
Warminister, PA
Cdr, Naval Air Systems, ATTN: AIR-340B (Mr. Fredrizzi), Wash, DC 20590
HQ, FORSCOM, ATTN: AFOP-AV (Mr. W. Jones), Ft. McPherson, GA
HQ, 1st US Army, ATTN: AFKA-01-V (MAJ W. Malinovsky), Ft. Meade, MD
HQ, TSARCOM, ATTN: MAPL (Mr. J. Dittmer), 4300 Goodfellow Blvd.,
St. Louis, MO 63120
Mr. AL Cargen, DAC, 5th Army Av. Div., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234
LTC Alan Flory, Academy of Health Sciences, Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234
CDR, 4th Inf Div (DMMC), W0 Budig, Ft. Carson, CO 80913
CW2 Russell L. Mclntyre, 313th MI Btn. 82nd Inf Div, Ft. Bragg, NC 28307
H. Morgan Smith, USAF EID, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112
9P

US ARMY NATICK RESEARCH ond DEVELOPMENT COMMAND
POSTAGE AND FEE PAID
NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS 01760
DEPARTMENT OP THE ARMY

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CO"

US ARMY SURVEY OF AIRCREW

UNITED STATES ARMY

Clothiig, Equiioent aid Materials Engiieeriig Laboratory

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. J. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

SURVEY JllVfc OF1

*. PERFORMING ORG^RJEPORT NUMBER

S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER/*)

> PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

US Army Natick Research and Development Command

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS

US Army Natick Research and Development Comms

IS. SECURITY CLASS, (of M report)

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited

ABSTRACT (Continue en reweree elde II waaamaj ana* Identity by Mack maalirj

For a number of years ai^revfiembers have complained of problems with

LDO jAtTn 1473

KomoM OP t NOV M It OeSOLETE

SECURITY CLAWFtCATION OP THIS PAOC

eCUWITY CLASSIFICATION OP THIS PAOEfVh Data Snterad)

The survey and conference recommendations have been drafted into

2. A Survival Environmental Packet to provide the aircrewmember

Part 1 - Aircraft Crash-Survival Experiences

Rescue Alerting Means

Means Used to Locate Individuals

Problems in Locating Individual

Rescue Equipment Used

r ^blems that Complicated Rescue

Survival Problems Encountered

Individual Physical Condition

Factors that Helped Rescue

Use of Life Vests

Use of Life Rafts

Part 2 - Problem Area Designation

SRU-21/P Survival Vest

OV-1 Vest for Mohawk Aircraft

Survey Vest Recommendations

General Survival Vest and Component Recommendations

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)

Overwater Survival Kit

OV-1 Rigid Seat Survival Kit

Survival Kit Hot Climate

Survival Kit Cold Climate

Survival Kit Reocmmendations

Part 3 - Medical Review of Food and Drug Contamination

Part 4 - Stock Review Defence Logistics Agency and

Actions TaKen as a Result of the Survey

US Army Survival Kit and Vest Conference

Passenger Survival Support

TRI-Service Conference on Survival Kits and Vests

Survival Medical Evacuation

Search and Rescue in South East Asia

Overwater Search and Rescue

USAF and US Navy Programs

Canadian Arw.d Forces Survival Experiences

Conference Work Shops

Proposed Survival Kit and Vest Development Programs