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    Week1 PDF

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    فردوس سليمان
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Total depth of the well = 2500 ft (gas zone) + 2000 ft (water zone) + 500 ft (water saturated sand) = 5000 ft b) BHT at total depth = Surface temperature + Temperature gradient x Depth = 84 + 1.6 x 5000 = 264 EF c) Hydrostatic pressure of water at total depth = Water density x Depth x Gravity = 1.08 x 5000 x 32.174 = 17,487 psi d) Hydrostatic pressure of gas at total depth = Gas density x Depth x Gravity x Gas deviation factor = 0.78 x 2500 x 32.174 x 0.85 = 4,

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    Week1 PDF

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    فردوس سليمان
    117 views13 pages
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Total depth of the well = 2500 ft (gas zone) + 2000 ft (water zone) + 500 ft (water saturated sand) = 5000 ft b) BHT at total depth = Surface temperature + Temperature gradient x Depth = 84 + 1.6 x 5000 = 264 EF c) Hydrostatic pressure of water at total depth = Water density x Depth x Gravity = 1.08 x 5000 x 32.174 = 17,487 psi d) Hydrostatic pressure of gas at total depth = Gas density x Depth x Gravity x Gas deviation factor = 0.78 x 2500 x 32.174 x 0.85 = 4,

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    Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Total depth of the well = 2500 ft (gas zone) + 2000 ft (water zone) + 500 ft (water saturated sand) = 5000 ft b) BHT at total depth = Surface temperature + Temperature gradient x Depth = 84 + 1.6 x 5000 = 264 EF c) Hydrostatic pressure of water at total depth = Water density x Depth x Gravity = 1.08 x 5000 x 32.174 = 17,487 psi d) Hydrostatic pressure of gas at total depth = Gas density x Depth x Gravity x Gas deviation factor = 0.78 x 2500 x 32.174 x 0.85 = 4,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    117 views13 pages

    Week1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    فردوس سليمان
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: a) Total depth of the well = 2500 ft (gas zone) + 2000 ft (water zone) + 500 ft (water saturated sand) = 5000 ft b) BHT at total depth = Surface temperature + Temperature gradient x Depth = 84 + 1.6 x 5000 = 264 EF c) Hydrostatic pressure of water at total depth = Water density x Depth x Gravity = 1.08 x 5000 x 32.174 = 17,487 psi d) Hydrostatic pressure of gas at total depth = Gas density x Depth x Gravity x Gas deviation factor = 0.78 x 2500 x 32.174 x 0.85 = 4,

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    Systems and Units

    The three systems of units are:


    1. The English or the ft-lb-s System
    2. The International or the m-kg-s System
    3. The Laboratory or the cm-gm-s System
    Quantities fall into two main categories:
    1. Principal Quantities
    Length (L)
    Mass (m)
    Time (t)
    Angle ()
    Temperature (T)
    2. Derived Quantities
    Area (A)
    Volume (V)
    Velocity ()
    Frequency (Hz.)
    Acceleration (a)
    Angular Velocity ()
    Angular Acceleration ()
    Volume Flow Rate (q)
    o

    Mass Flow Rate ( m )


    Density ()
    Specific Gravity (SG)
    Force (F)
    Force due to Inertia (FI)
    Force due to Gravity (FG)
    Force due to Viscosity (F)
    Force due to Elasticity (FE)
    Force due to Pressure (FP)
    Specific Weight ()
    Energy (E)
    Moment of a Force (M)
    Work (W)
    Pressure (p)
    Stress ()
    Power (P)
    Dynamic Viscosity ()
    Kinematic Viscosity ()

    1. Principal Quantities
    Quantity

    English System

    International System

    mile (mi) = 1760 yd


    yard (yd) = 3 ft
    foot (ft) = 12 in
    inch (in) = 2.54 cm

    kilometer (km) = 1000 m


    meter (m) = 100 cm
    centimeter (cm)

    slug (sl) = 32.17404856 lbm


    pound mass (lbm) = 453.592370 gm

    kilogram (kg) = 1000 gm


    gram (gm)

    year = 365 d
    day = 24 h
    hour = 60 m
    minute = 60 s

    year = 365 d
    day = 24 h
    hour = 60 m
    minute = 60 s

    Angle

    1 rev. = 2B radians = 360E


    1 r = 57.29578E
    1 E = 0.017453r

    1 rev. = 2B radians = 360E


    1 r = 57.29578E
    1 E = 0.017453r

    Temperature

    Ordinary EF= 1.8EC+32


    Absolute ER= EF+459.688
    ER= 1.8 K

    Ordinary EC= (EF-32)/1.8


    Absolute K= EC+273.16
    K= ER/1.8

    Length

    Mass

    Time

    2. Derived Quantities
    Quantity
    Area

    Formula
    A = L2

    Volume

    V=L

    Velocity

    Frequency

    dL
    dt

    Acceleration

    Hz.
    d
    a=
    dt

    Angle

    English Units

    SI Units

    mi2, ft2, in2, acre


    1 mi2 = 640 acres
    1 acre = 43,560
    ft2

    m2

    Lab. Units
    cm2, darcy, md
    1 cm2 =
    101,320,790 d
    1 d = 1000 md

    bbl, ft3, gal, qt


    bbl = 5.6146 ft3
    bbl = 42 gal
    gal = 4 qt = 3.785
    ltr

    m3, ltr
    m = 1000 ltr
    ltr = 1000 cc

    cm3 = cc

    ft/s

    m/s

    cm/s

    s-1

    s-1

    s-1

    ft/s2

    m/s2

    cm/s2

    rad and E
    360E = 2B rad

    rad and E
    360E = 2B rad

    rad and E
    360E = 2B rad

    Angular
    Velocity

    d
    dt

    rad/s

    rad/s

    rad/s

    Angular
    Acceleration
    Volume
    Flow Rate

    a =

    d
    dt

    rad/s2

    rad/s2

    rad/s2

    bbl/d, ft3/s

    m3/s, ltr/s

    cc/s

    slug/s, lbm/s

    kg/s

    gm/s

    slug/ft3, lb/ft3,
    lb/gal

    kg/m3

    gm/cc

    Dw= 103
    kg/m3

    Dw = 1 gm/cc

    Mass Flow
    Rate
    Density

    Specific
    Gravity

    dV
    dt
    o
    dm
    m = dt
    m
    =
    V
    q=

    SG = f =
    w
    141.5
    131.5+ oAPI

    Dw = 1.940
    slug/ft3
    Dw = 62.428
    lbm/ft3
    Dw = 8.345
    lbm/gal
    Dw = 0.433 psi/ft
    Dw = 10 EAPI

    2. Derived Quantities (cont.)


    Quantity

    Formula

    English Units

    SI Units

    Lab. Units

    Force

    F=ma

    lbf = slug ft/s2


    lbf = 444,822 dyne
    lbf = 4.44822 N

    N = kg m/s2
    1 N = 105
    dynes

    dyne = gm cm/s2

    Force due to
    Inertia

    FI = m a

    lbf

    dyne

    Force due to
    Gravity=Wt.

    FG = m g

    lbf
    g = 32.17404856
    ft/s2

    N
    g = 9.80665
    m/s2

    dyne
    g = 980.665
    cm/s2

    lbf

    dyne

    Force due to
    Viscosity

    F =

    d
    A
    dy

    Force due to
    Elasticity

    FE = E A

    lbf

    dyne

    Force due to
    Pressure

    FP = p A

    lbf

    dyne

    Specific Wt.

    ( = FG/V

    lbf/ft3

    N/m3

    dyne/cc

    Energy

    E=FL

    lbf-ft

    J = N-m

    erg = dyne cm

    Moment of a
    Force

    M=FL

    lbf-ft

    erg = dyne cm

    Work

    W=FL

    lbf-ft

    erg = dyne cm

    Pressure

    p = FN/A

    lbf/ft2, lbf/in2 = psi


    psc = 14.69594877
    psi

    Pa = N/m2
    bar = 105 Pa
    psc = 1.01325
    bar
    psc = 101325
    Pa

    dyne/cm2
    psc=1013250
    d/cm2
    psc = 1 atm
    psc = 76 cm Hg

    Stress

    J = FT/A

    lbf/ft2, lbf/in2 = psi

    bar, Pa

    dyne/cm2

    Power

    P = E/t

    lbf-ft/s, hp
    1 hp = 550 lbf-ft/s

    W = J/s

    erg/s

    lbf-s/ft2 = 47,880
    cp

    N s/m2= 10
    poise
    N s/m2= 1000
    cp

    dyne s/cm2 =
    poise
    1 poise = 100 cp

    ft2/s = 929 stoke

    m2/s = 104
    stoke

    cm2/s = stoke

    Dynamic
    Viscosity

    Kinematic
    Viscosity

    F =

    d / dyA

    < = /D

    EPS-441: Petroleum Development Geology


    Units and Conversion
    Semester:

    Homework #:

    Name:

    SS#:

    Problem #1: Do the following unit conversions:


    From

    To

    38 oAPI
    12 oAPI
    56 oAPI
    40 oAPI
    28 oAPI
    31 oAPI
    0.433 psi/ft
    0.433 psi/ft
    0.433 psi/ft
    0.378 psi/ft
    0.394 psi/ft
    SG = 0.76
    SG = 1.10
    SG = 0.74
    SG = 1.08
    SG = 0.88
    48.8 lb/ft3
    62.4 lb/ft3
    64.3 lb/ft3
    48.7 lb/ft3
    10.86 lb/gal
    8.33 lb/gal
    8.33 lb/gal
    10.4 lb/gal
    0.82 gm/cc
    1.02 gm/cc
    0.87 gm/cc
    0.91 gm/cc

    lb/ft3
    SG
    psi/ft
    SG
    gm/cc
    psi/ft
    lb/ft3
    lb/gal
    gm/cc
    o
    API
    o
    API
    psi/ft
    psi/ft
    lb/ft3
    lb/gal
    o
    API
    SG
    o
    API
    psi/ft
    gm/cc
    gm/cc
    psi/ft
    lb/ft3
    gm/cc
    SG
    psi/ft
    psi/ft
    lb/ft3

    Problem #2: Given a rectangular solid with dimensions 1000 ft x 400 ft x 40 ft. Calculate its
    volume in ft3, bbl, acre-ft?.

    Problem #3: Calculate pressure gradients of the following liquids:


    SG
    Dw
    SG
    Dw
    SG
    EAPI
    EAPI
    EAPI
    Do

    = 1.00
    = 66.3 lb/ft3
    = 1.15
    = 9.5 lb/gal
    = 0.85
    = 42
    = 32
    = 45
    = 58.1 lb/ft3

    Problem #4: A well drilled to 3000 ft penetrates a formation containing 28 EAPI oil. If
    reservoir pressure is 1300 psia, what is the shut-in surface pressure?. If reservoir pressure is
    1000 psia, how many ft of oil will be standing in the wellbore?.
    Problem #5: In an area where ambient temperature is 78 EF, two wells, A and B, were drilled.
    The depth of well A is 7250 ft and the depth of well B is 8000 ft. The bottom hole temperature
    (BHT) in well B is 180 EF. What is the BHT in well A?.
    Problem #6: The areal extent of a reservoir as determined with seismic data is 1500 acres.
    From logs the following reservoir properties were determined:
    Zone

    h, ft

    Sw

    0.28

    0.28

    0.32

    0.40

    0.18

    0.31

    0.20

    11

    0.27

    a) Calculate the pore volume in the reservoir. Give your answers in acre-ft, ft3, and bbl.
    b) Calculate the volume of oil in the reservoir. Give your answers in acre-ft, ft3, and bbl.
    c) Calculate the STB of oil if Bo = 1.34 RB/STB.

    Problem #7: The average reservoir properties of a 300 acre reservoir are: N = 18% and Sw =
    36%. Estimated volume of oil originally in place = 410 MM STB. Formation thickness = 2000
    ft. Determine the oil formation volume factor.
    Problem #8: Consider the sketch below. Given EAPI of oil = 35. water SG = 1.07. If well A
    penetrates the oil zone, find the shut-in surface pressure at well A?.

    EPS-441: Petroleum Development Geology


    Units and Conversion
    Semester:

    Homework #:

    Name:

    SS#:

    Problem #1: A reservoir has an areal extent of 500 acres, an average thickness of 90 ft, and an
    average porosity of 20%.
    a) What is the reservoir volume available for hydrocarbons?. Answer in acre-ft, bbl, and ft3.
    b) If the average water saturation is 35%, what is the reservoir volume available for oil?.
    Answer in acre-ft, bbl, and ft3.
    c) Same as (b) except reservoir fluid is gas.
    d) If Bo = 1.34 RB/STB. What is the oil volume from (b) in surface barrels?. in surface cubic
    feet?.
    e) If Bg = 310 SCF/CF. What is the gas volume from (c) in surface cubic feet?. in surface
    barrels?.

    Problem #2: A well is being drilled to a depth of 10,000 ft. The wellbore diameter is 9 inches.
    The drill string has an inside diameter of 4.5 inches and an outer diameter of 5 inches. What is
    the volume of mud in the hole when it is at total depth (TD) and there is a complete drill string in
    the hole?. Ignore collars and bit volume and assume the mud is incompressible. Answer in
    cubic feet and barrels.

    Problem #3: Data for the diagram shown below are:


    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)
    f)
    g)
    h)
    i)
    j)

    oil gravity = 38 EAPI


    water specific gravity = 1.05
    average gas gradient = 0.055 psi/ft
    only oil flows in oil zone
    reservoir B is in water communication with the surface
    pressure at oil zone datum in reservoir A = 3820 psig
    temperature gradient = 1.5 EF/100 ft.
    mean surface temperature = 61 EF
    ground level is 3000 ft above sea level
    elevations given are sub-sea but answers should be in subsurface

    a) Calculate pressure and temperature at each of the 7 zones indicated in the diagram.
    b) What is the bubble point pressure for the oil in reservoir A?.
    c) Did the oil accumulated before or after faulting in both reservoirs?.

    Problem #4: Seismic data indicates an areal extent of a reservoir as one square mile. Other
    reservoir properties are:
    Zone

    N, %

    h, ft

    Sw, %

    15.3

    10

    36.2

    26.9

    13.1

    18.1

    15

    24.7

    4
    22.0
    12
    19.6
    a) Calculate hydrocarbon pore volume in the reservoir. Give your answers in acre-ft, ft3, and
    bbl.
    b) Calculate the volume of oil in the reservoir. Give your answers in acre-ft, ft3, bbl, and STB if
    Bo = 1.18 RB/STB.
    c) How many SCF of gas in the reservoir if Bg = 263 SCF/CF.

    Problem #5: A well drilled in an area had the following tests run: DST, temperature survey and
    a suite of logs. A surface gas and oil samples were taken and recombined at simulated reservoir
    conditions and a PVT analysis was done. From these measurements, the following reservoir
    rock and fluid properties were determined:
    EAPI of oil = 29 EAPI
    Bo = 1.38 RB/STB
    SGg = 0.78
    reservoir depth = 4520 ft
    initial reservoir pressure = 2952 psia
    bubble point pressure = 1831 psia
    reservoir temperature = 151 EF
    surface temperature = 70EF
    reservoir acreage = 640 acres
    Zone

    h, ft

    N (%)

    Sw (%)

    62

    22

    31

    31

    18

    50

    42

    26

    14

    21

    a) calculate the geothermal gradient in this area?.


    b) calculate the original oil in place (OOIP)?.
    10

    Problem #6: Consider the sketch below. If BHT at well A is 200 EF and BHT at well B is 232
    EF.

    a) What is the BHT at well C?.


    b) What is the ambient temperature in this area?.

    11

    EPS-441: Petroleum Development Geology


    Units and Conversion
    Semester:

    Homework #:

    Name:

    SS#:

    Problem #1: A well was drilled offshore into an unconsolidated formation. The used sand
    control methods were not successful so the well was shut-in. The average annual surface
    temperature in that area is 84 EF and the temperature gradient is 1.6 EF/100 ft. The shut-in
    surface pressure is 850 psig and the shut-in bottom hole pressure is 2800 psig. It is known that
    the wellbore (diameter = 5.5 inches) is filled with gas (SG = 0.78, z = 0.85), oil (API = 32E),
    water (SG = 1.08), and water saturated sand (D = 35 gm/cc). Knowing that there is a 2500 ft of
    gas, a 2000 ft of sand-free water, and a 500 ft of water-saturated sand, calculate the following:
    a) Total depth of the well.
    b) Bg in SCF/CF of the gas using average pressure and temperature.

    Problem #2: Define the following using equations only - include units:
    a) Oil formation volume factor (Bo)
    b) Porosity (N)
    c) Temperature gradient (GT)
    d) Gas saturation (Sg)
    e) Oil gravity (EAPI)
    f) Fluid pressure gradient (()

    12

    Problem #3: Using the figure below and the following data:
    Dw
    Do
    Dg
    patm

    = 1.02 gm/cc
    = 0.80 gm/cc
    = 0.10 gm/cc
    = 14.7 psia

    What does gauge A read?.

    13

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