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Beginning

postcolonialism
Second edition

John McLeod

Manchester University Press


Manchester and New York
distributed in the United States exclusively
by Palgrave Macmillan

Contents

Acknowledgements
Preface to the second edition
Introduction
Beginning
Postcolonialism?
A note on terminology: or, on not using the hyphen
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page xiii
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From 'Commonwealth' to 'postcolonial'


Introduction
Colonialism and decolonisation
The emergence of'Commonwealth literature'
Theories of colonial discourses: Frantz Fanon and
Edward Said
The turn to 'theory' in the 1980s
The Empire 'writes back'
Into the twenty-first century
'Postcolonialism': definitions and dangers
Selected reading

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Reading colonial discourses


Ideology, interpellation, discourse
Reading Orientalism
The shape of Orientalism
1. Orientalism constructs binary oppositions
2. Orientalism is a Western fantasy

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Contents
3. Orientalism is institutional
4. Orientalism is literary and creative
5. Orientalism is legitimating and self-perpetuating
6. There is a distinction between 'latent' and
'manifest' Orientalism
Stereotypes of the Orient and Orientals
1. The Orient is timeless
2. The Orient is strange
3. Orientalism makes assumptions about people
4. Orientalism makes assumptions about gender
5. The Orient is feminine
6. The Oriental is degenerate
Criticisms of Orientalism
1. Orientalism is ahistorical
2. Said ignores resistance by the colonised
3. Said ignores resistance within the West
4. Said neglects the significance of gender
'Ambivalence' and 'mimicry' in colonial discourses
Stop and think
Colonial discourses and Rudyard Kipling: reading
'The Overland Mail'
Selected reading
Nationalist representations
Introduction
Imagining the nation: forging tradition and history
Stop and think
Language, space, time
National liberation vs. imperialist domination
Negritude
Stop and think
Frantz Fanon, national culture and national
consciousness
Nationalist discourses, national culture
Constructing national consciousness: Ngugi's
A Grain of Wheat
Selected reading

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'

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Contents

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The nation in question


The disenchantment with nationalism
Nationalism: a derivative discourse?
Stop and think
Nationalism, representation and the elite
Nationalism,'race'and ethnicity
Stop and think
Nationalism, gender and sexuality
The nation and its margins
Stop and think
English in the colonies: a national language?
English in the settler nations
'Third World' Englishes: elite discourses or nation
language?
Stop and think
The nation in question: Chinua Achebe's Anthills of
the Savannah
Stop and think
Selected reading

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Re-reading and re-writing English literature


'
Interrogating the text
Colonialism and the teaching of English literature
Colonial contexts
Stop and think
Reading literature 'contrapuntally'
. Stop and think
V Re-reading Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre
Stop and think
Jane Eyre: a postcolonial text?
. Stop and think
Postcolonial re-writings: Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea
'Re-writing': possibilities and problems
Stop and think
Selected reading

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Contents

Postcolonialism and feminism


Some definitions
The 'double colonisation' of women
Stop and think
Postcolonial critiques of 'First World' feminism
Feminism and 'race'
Learning the limits of 'First World' feminism
'Third World'women
Stop and think
Can the subaltern speak?
'Going a piece of the way': creative dialogues in
postcolonial feminism
Representing women in Sally Morgan's My Place
Selected reading
Diaspora identities
Migration, colonialism and decolonisation
What is a 'diaspora'?
'Of, and not of, this place': home and displacement
Living 'in-between': from roots to routes
Hybrid identities at the 'in-between'
Stop and think
New ethnicities
Stop and think
Cultural diversity, cultural difference and the
'Black Atlantic'
Moving pictures: Beryl Gilroy's Boy-Sandwich
Selected reading
The limits of postcolonialism?
The habit of self-critique
Postcolonial times? The limits of temporality
New maps (f)or old? The limits of geography
The problem of 'Western' theory
The new'ghetto'of postcolonialism
Postcolonialism, or the logic of capitalist modernity?
Postcolonialism or tricontinentalism? The limits of
materialist critique

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Contents

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Globalisation and 'postcoloniality': the new imperium?


Where do we go from here?

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Appendix: 'The Overland Mail (foot-service to the hills)'


(Rudyard Kipling)

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Further reading
Index

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