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    Complex IntegrationI

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    Gharib Mahmoud
    This document provides examples and problems related to complex integration and Cauchy's integral formula. Example 1 evaluates two integrals in the complex plane. Example 2 uses Cauchy's integral formula to evaluate an integral around a circle. Examples 3 and 4 demonstrate additional applications of Cauchy's integral formula and formulas for derivatives of analytic functions to evaluate integrals. Problem 1 proves properties of integration in the complex plane and evaluates example integrals. Problem 2 evaluates integrals using Cauchy's integral formula and illustrates singular points. Problem 3 shows that three example integrals around a unit circle evaluate to zero using properties of analytic functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Complex IntegrationI

    Uploaded by

    Gharib Mahmoud
    140 views4 pages
    This document provides examples and problems related to complex integration and Cauchy's integral formula. Example 1 evaluates two integrals in the complex plane. Example 2 uses Cauchy's integral formula to evaluate an integral around a circle. Examples 3 and 4 demonstrate additional applications of Cauchy's integral formula and formulas for derivatives of analytic functions to evaluate integrals. Problem 1 proves properties of integration in the complex plane and evaluates example integrals. Problem 2 evaluates integrals using Cauchy's integral formula and illustrates singular points. Problem 3 shows that three example integrals around a unit circle evaluate to zero using properties of analytic functions.

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    Complex IntegrationI

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    This document provides examples and problems related to complex integration and Cauchy's integral formula. Example 1 evaluates two integrals in the complex plane. Example 2 uses Cauchy's integral formula to evaluate an integral around a circle. Examples 3 and 4 demonstrate additional applications of Cauchy's integral formula and formulas for derivatives of analytic functions to evaluate integrals. Problem 1 proves properties of integration in the complex plane and evaluates example integrals. Problem 2 evaluates integrals using Cauchy's integral formula and illustrates singular points. Problem 3 shows that three example integrals around a unit circle evaluate to zero using properties of analytic functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    140 views4 pages

    Complex IntegrationI

    Uploaded by

    Gharib Mahmoud
    This document provides examples and problems related to complex integration and Cauchy's integral formula. Example 1 evaluates two integrals in the complex plane. Example 2 uses Cauchy's integral formula to evaluate an integral around a circle. Examples 3 and 4 demonstrate additional applications of Cauchy's integral formula and formulas for derivatives of analytic functions to evaluate integrals. Problem 1 proves properties of integration in the complex plane and evaluates example integrals. Problem 2 evaluates integrals using Cauchy's integral formula and illustrates singular points. Problem 3 shows that three example integrals around a unit circle evaluate to zero using properties of analytic functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Section 5: Complex Integration II

    Examples and Problems

    Example 1
    [integration in the complex plane]
    Evaluate the following integrals - mention whether the path of integration can be any arbitrary
    contour between the points represented by the limits, or whether there are any restrictions on the
    path:
    j/2

    (a)

    dz

    j
    2j

    (b)

    2 j

    1
    dz
    z3

    Solution
    (a)
    The function f ( z ) ez is analytic everywhere so the path of integration can be any in the
    complex plane. We have
    j/2

    e
    j

    dz

    j/2

    j / 2

    e j

    cos( / 2) j sin( / 2) cos( ) j sin( ) (1 j ) /

    (b)
    The function f ( z ) 1 / z 3 is analytic everywhere except at the point z 0 , and the integral of
    1 / z 3 , 3 / z 2 , is also analytic everywhere except at z 0 . Thus we can choose as our path of
    integration any path which does not pass through the origin. We have
    2j
    2j
    1
    1
    3
    1 3
    dz

    2
    2
    2 j z 3
    z 2 2 j
    (
    2
    j
    )
    (

    2
    j
    )

    Example 2
    [Cauchy's Integral Formula]
    Integrate the function

    z3
    C 2 z j dz
    around the circle z 1 .

    Complex Variables Section 5 Examples & Problems - 1

    Solution
    The integrand has a singular point at z j / 2 . This point lies within the closed contour C, so the
    integrand z 3 /( 2 z j ) is not analytic on or inside the closed contour C (so we can't use Cauchy's
    Integral Theorem). We rewrite the integral in the form
    1
    z3
    dz
    2 C z j / 2
    which is the form of Cauchy's Integral Formula. We let f ( z ) z 3 , which is analytic on and
    inside C, and z 0 j / 2 , so that f ( z 0 ) ( j / 2) 3 j / 8 . Thus

    1
    z3
    1
    dz 2j j / 8 / 8

    2C z j/2
    2

    Example 3
    [Cauchy's Integral Formula]
    Integrate the function

    dz
    1

    around the circle z 1 1 .


    Solution
    The integrand has singular points at z 1 . We have
    dz
    C ( z 1)( z 1)
    Only the singular point z 1 lies within the closed contour of integration, so we let z 0 1
    and f ( z) 1 /( z 1) :
    dz
    f ( z)
    C z 2 1 C z 1 dz
    Now f ( z 0 ) 1 /(1 1) 1 / 2 . Thus

    f ( z )dz
    dz 2j 1 / 2 j
    z 1

    Example 4
    [Formulas for derivatives of an analytic function]
    Integrate the function
    z3
    dz
    3

    C ( z 1)
    where C is any closed contour enclosing the point z 1 .

    Complex Variables Section 5 Examples & Problems - 2

    Solution
    We can write this in the form

    f ( z)

    (z z

    )3

    dz

    where

    f ( z ) z 3 , z 0 1
    The function f (z ) is analytic on and inside the contour C so we can apply the formula
    f ( z)

    z z

    n 1

    dz

    2j d n f
    n! dz n

    Setting n 2 puts the formula in the form we require:


    f ( z)
    2j d 2 f
    dz

    2! dz 2
    C z z 0

    z0

    z0

    Now
    d2 3
    d2 f
    (
    z
    )

    6
    z

    dz 2
    dz 2

    so that
    f ( z)

    z z

    6
    z0 1

    dz 6j

    Complex Variables Section 5 Examples & Problems - 3

    Problem 1
    [Integration in the Complex Plane]
    (i)
    Use Cauchy's Integral Theorem to show that, if f (z ) is analytic in a simply connected
    domain D, and z 0 and z1 are any two points in D, the integral
    z1

    f ( z )dz

    z0

    (ii)

    is independent of the path taken (so long as it remains in D).


    Evaluate the following integrals
    2 j

    cos( z / 2)dz

    (a)

    [ANSWER: e 1 / e ]

    0
    3

    (b)

    ( z 2)

    [ANSWER: 0 ]

    dz

    1
    3j

    (c)

    2z

    [ANSWER: 0 ]

    dz

    Problem 2
    [Cauchy's Integral Formula]
    (i)
    Under what conditions is Cauchy's Integral Formula valid?
    cos z
    dz where C is z 1 [ANSWER: j ]
    (ii)
    Evaluate the integral
    2
    z
    C
    (iii)

    Evaluate the integral

    tan z

    z j dz

    counterclockwise around the triangle with vertices

    (iv)

    z 1 , z 2 j and z 1 . Draw the triangle in the complex plane and show clearly the
    positions of the singular point(s) of the integrand. [ANSWER: 2 tanh(1) 4.785 ]
    2z 1
    dz where C is
    Evaluate the integral 2
    C z z

    (a) z
    (v)

    1
    ,
    4

    (b) z

    Evaluate the integral

    1 1
    ,
    2 4

    (c) z 2 [ANSWER: (a) 2j , (b) 0, (c) 4j ]

    ez
    2 dz where C is z 2 [ANSWER: 5.287 j]
    C z 1

    Problem 3
    [Formulas for derivatives of an analytic function]
    cos z
    z4
    dz , 2 dz , and
    Show that the three integrals
    2
    C ( z 3 j)
    C z
    are all zero.

    ez
    3 dz , where C is the unit circle,
    C z

    Complex Variables Section 5 Examples & Problems - 4

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