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    History of The Yoruba People

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    tinyiko
    The Yoruba people originated in West Africa and their history can be traced back to at least the 7th century BC. One of their earliest and most influential kingdoms was the Ife Kingdom which flourished from the 4th century BC to the 12th century AD. The Oyo Empire rose to power and became the dominant Yoruba force between 1600-1800 AD. However, the empire was later weakened and destroyed by invasions from the Fulani Empire. This led to conflicts between the remaining Yoruba city-states and their incorporation into the modern nation of Nigeria in the 20th century.

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    History of The Yoruba People

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    tinyiko
    815 views3 pages
    The Yoruba people originated in West Africa and their history can be traced back to at least the 7th century BC. One of their earliest and most influential kingdoms was the Ife Kingdom which flourished from the 4th century BC to the 12th century AD. The Oyo Empire rose to power and became the dominant Yoruba force between 1600-1800 AD. However, the empire was later weakened and destroyed by invasions from the Fulani Empire. This led to conflicts between the remaining Yoruba city-states and their incorporation into the modern nation of Nigeria in the 20th century.

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    History of the Yoruba People

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    The Yoruba people originated in West Africa and their history can be traced back to at least the 7th century BC. One of their earliest and most influential kingdoms was the Ife Kingdom which flourished from the 4th century BC to the 12th century AD. The Oyo Empire rose to power and became the dominant Yoruba force between 1600-1800 AD. However, the empire was later weakened and destroyed by invasions from the Fulani Empire. This led to conflicts between the remaining Yoruba city-states and their incorporation into the modern nation of Nigeria in the 20th century.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    815 views3 pages

    History of The Yoruba People

    Uploaded by

    tinyiko
    The Yoruba people originated in West Africa and their history can be traced back to at least the 7th century BC. One of their earliest and most influential kingdoms was the Ife Kingdom which flourished from the 4th century BC to the 12th century AD. The Oyo Empire rose to power and became the dominant Yoruba force between 1600-1800 AD. However, the empire was later weakened and destroyed by invasions from the Fulani Empire. This led to conflicts between the remaining Yoruba city-states and their incorporation into the modern nation of Nigeria in the 20th century.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    History of the Yoruba people

    3 Modern history

    The documented history of the Yoruba people begins


    with the Oyo Empire, which became dominant in the
    early 17th century. Older traditions of the formerly dominant Ife kingdom are sparse and unreliable.

    Before Oyo

    The peoples who lived in Yorubaland, at least by the seventh century BC, were not initially known as the Yoruba,
    although they shared a common ethnicity and language
    group. The historical Yoruba develop in situ, out of earlier (Mesolithic) Volta-Niger populations, by the 1st millennium B.C.E.
    Archaeologically, the settlement at Ife can be dated to the
    4th century BC, with urban structures appearing in the
    12th century (the urban phase of Ife before the rise of
    Oyo, ca. 1100-1600, is sometimes described as a golden
    age of Ife).

    Oyo Empire

    Ife was surpassed by the Oyo Empire as the dominant


    Yoruba military and political power between 1600 CE Map of Yoruba people, West Africa (Nigeria), 1898
    and 1800 CE. The nearby kingdom of Benin was also a
    powerful force between 1300 and 1850 CE.
    The Yoruba eventually established a federation of citystates under the political ascendancy of the city state of
    Most of the city states were controlled by Obas, elected
    priestly monarchs, and councils made up of Oloyes, Oyo, located on the Northern fringes of Yorubaland in the
    savanna plains between the forests of present Southwest
    recognised leaders of royal, noble and, often, even common descent, who joined them in ruling over the king- Nigeria and the Niger River.
    Following a Jihad led by Uthman Dan Fodio and a rapid
    consolidation of the Hausa city states of contemporary
    northern Nigeria, the Fulani Sokoto Caliphate invaded
    and annexed the buer Nupe Kingdom. It then began to
    advance southwards into y lands. Shortly afterwards,
    its armies overran the Yoruba military capital of Ilorin,
    and then sacked and destroyed y-Ile, the royal seat of
    In all cases, however, Yoruba monarchs were subject to the y Empire.
    the continuing approval of their constituents as a mat- Following this, y-Ile was abandoned, and the y reter of policy, and could be easily compelled to abdi- treated south to the present city of Oyo (formerly known
    cate for demonstrating dictatorial tendencies or incom- as Ago d'Oyo, or Oyo Atiba) in a forested region
    petence. The order to vacate the throne was usually com- where the cavalry of the Sokoto Caliphate was less eecmunicated through an aroko or symbolic message, which tive. Further attempts by the Sokoto Caliphate to expand
    usually took the form of parrots' eggs delivered in a cov- southwards were checked by the Yoruba who had rallied
    ered calabash bowl by the senators.
    in defence under the military leadership of the ascendant
    doms through a series of guilds and cults. Dierent states
    saw diering ratios of power between the kingship and
    the chiefs council. Some, such as Oyo, had powerful,
    autocratic monarchs with almost total control, while in
    others such as the Ijebu city-states, the senatorial councils were supreme and the ba served as something of a
    gurehead.

    5 BIBLIOGRAPHY

    Ibadan clan, which rose from the old Oyo Empire, and
    of the Ijebu city-states. However, the Oyo hegemony
    had been dealt a mortal blow. The other Yoruba citystates broke free of Oyo dominance, and subsequently
    became embroiled in a series of internecine conicts that
    soon metamorphosed into a full scale civil war. These
    events weakened the southern Yorubas in their resistance
    to British colonial and military invasions. Maria Lugones observes that among the Yoruba people there was
    no concept of gender and no gender system at all before colonialism. She argues that colonial powers used
    a gender system as a tool for domination and fundamentally changing social relations among the indigenous.[1]
    In 1960, greater Yorubaland was subsumed into the Federal Republic of Nigeria.[2] The historical records of the
    Yoruba, which became more accessible in the nineteenth
    century with the more permanent arrival of the Europeans, tell of heavy Jihad raids by the mounted Fulani
    warriors of the north as well as of endemic intercity warfare amongst the Yoruba themselves. Archaeological evidence of the greatness of their ancient civilization in the
    form of, amongst other things, impressive architectural
    achievements like Sungbos Eredo that are centuries old,
    nevertheless abound.[3]

    References

    [1] Lugones, Mara (Winter 2008). Heterosexualism and the


    Colonial/Modern Gender System. Hypatia. 22 (1): 196
    198. doi:10.1353/hyp.2006.0067.
    [2] Gat, Azar. War in human civilization Oxford University
    Press, 2006, pg 275.
    [3] Gat, Azar. War in human civilization Oxford University
    Press, 2006, pg 275.

    Bibliography
    Adebayo Kayode After Oduduwa"???
    Akintoye, Stephen Adebanji: A History of the
    Yoruba People, Dakar, 2010.
    Idowu, Bolaji E. : Olodumare: God in Yoruba
    Belief Wazobia, New York, NY 1994 ISBN 1886832-00-5.
    Idowu, Bolaji: Olodumare: God in Yoruba Belief,
    London 1962.
    Johnson, Samuel: History of the Yorubas, London
    1921.
    Lucas, Jonathan Olumide The Religion of the
    Yorubas, Lagos 1948.

    Lange, Dierk: The dying and the rising God in the


    New Year Festival of Ife, in: Lange, Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa, Dettelbach 2004, pp. 343
    376.
    --: Origin of the Yoruba and the 'Lost Tribes of
    Israel'", Anthropos, 106 (2011), 579-596.
    Law, Robin: The Oyo Empire, c. 1600 c. 1836,
    Oxford 1977.
    Smith, Robert: Kingdoms of the Yoruba, 1st ed.
    1969, 3rd ed. London 1988.

    Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

    6.1

    Text

    History of the Yoruba people Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Yoruba_people?oldid=724511928 Contributors: SimonP, Dbachmann, Wtshymanski, Woohookitty, Toussaint, Grafen, Peter Isotalo, Hmains, Kxra, SQGibbon, Optakeover, Doug Weller,
    North Shoreman, Domusaurea, Belovedfreak, Gallador, Dierk Lange~enwiki, Idioma-bot, QuackGuru, WereSpielChequers, ClueBot,
    EoGuy, Zykasaa, Addbot, Yobot, THEN WHO WAS PHONE?, M2545, Benue, A412, Tom.Reding, Trappist the monk, DixonDBot,
    BCtl, Abu Shawka, ClueBot NG, Chuppakabra76, Otelemuyen, ScottSteiner, PhnomPencil, MusikAnimal, Kayspecial, A. O. Saula, Waqob,
    Infosources17, Lemnaminor, TuxLibNit and Anonymous: 45

    6.2

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    6.3

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