pmtkyfpOf (204)

oef;aqG

cspfa<u;rajy

okc-wnf;jzwfonf

30? ajrmif;BuD;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefNrdKU/

yXrESdyfjcif;/ /1946-ck? *sEé0g&Dv
'kwd,ESdyfjcif;/ /1947-ck? arv
wwd,ESdyfjcif;/ /1960-ck? Edk0ifbmv

jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ½dkufESdyfonf

r*FvmyHkESdyfwkduf
30? ajrmif;BuD;vrf;? a&ausmf? &efukefNrdKU/
 pma&;q&mb0odkY ...../

1961- ESpf? ZEé0g&D 31- &ufaeYodkY a&mufvQif þ

]]cspfa<u;rajy}} 0w¬K\ oufwrf;onf 15-ESpf wif;
wif;jynfhayvdrfhrnf/ þ0w¬Kum; ... uRefawmf\ vufa&;
pmrlrsm;rS yxrqHk; yHkESdyfpmtkyf tjzpf ajymif;vJ vmaom
0w¬Kjzpfygonf/
pifppftm;jzifh... þ0w¬Konf 1946-ckESpf ZEé0g&Dv
wGifrS yHkESdyfxkwfa0cJhaomfvnf; vufa&;pmrl tjzpfjzifh
um; .... 1945-ckESpf Zefe0g&Dvavmufuyif jzpfay:cJh
ygonf/ xdkpOfu uRefawmfonf aMu;eef;ausmif;rSqif;í
A[dkaMu;eef;½Hk;BuD;ü trIxrf;ae&mrS iSufzsm;a&m*gxum
tvkyfrS cGifh,lae&ygonf/ iSufzsm;a&m*gaMumifh tdyf&m
wGif vJae&if; tzsm;usoGm;aom tcsdefrsm;ü pmbwf
jcif;? uAsma&;jcif;wdYk ukd jyKvkycf yhJ gonf/waeYwiG f uReaf wmf
a&;cJhaom uAsmrsm;udk jyefbwf&mrS... xdkuAsmwdkYESifh t
MuHK;0ifrnfh 0w¬Kwyk'fa&;&ef tMsuH&vmygonf/ þwGif...
]]vGrf;aiGUrHI&D}} [laom trnfjzifh 0w¬Kwyk'f a&;rdav
onf/ rlva&;pu 0w¬Kwdktjzpf &nf&G,f cJhaomfvnf; ....
a&;&if; a&;&if; &Snfvmavawmhonf/
 4 pma&;q&mb0odkY

0w¬KNyD;oGm;aomtcg avQmufvTmpuúLrsm;jzifh tacsm

ul;um? zdkifwJGNyD;aemuf ... pmzwf 0goemygol rdwfaqG
rsm;ç om;csif;rsm;tm; zwfcdkif;ç a0befcdkif;cJhavonf/
tm;vHk;uyif aumif;rGefvSaMumif; csD;usL; Muavonf/
OD;av;awmfol wa,mufu....
]]rif; .... ta&;tom;u okceJY odyfwlwmbJ.... okcqD
oGm;NyD; ... pmtkyf½kdufbdkYay;ygvm;}} [k ajymaomtcg...
tvGeftm;wufoGm;&mu ... q&mokc&Sd&m t&yfudk pHkprf;rd
avonf/
q&m okconf xdktcsdefu jyZmwf 'g½dkufwmvkyf&if;
prf;acsmif; &yfuGufü]csrf;om pmapmif} trnfjzifh jzefYcsda&;
vkyfief;zGifhum... oludk,fwdkifa&;onfh pmtkyfrsm;udkyg jzefYcsd
aecsdefjzpf\/
q&mokcESifh wcgrS rsufESmcsif; rqdkifbl;aomfvnf;
q&mokc &Sd&mXmeudkodonfESifh wNydKifeuf.... pmrlydkY&ef
oEDé|mefcsum.... pmrludk 'kwd,tBudrf jyifqifí tacsm
ul;NyD;aemuf oGm;ydkYavawmhonf/
q&mokc.... csdef;qdkaomaeY&ufodkY a&mufí q&mokcESihf
awGUqHkrdaomtcg q&mokcu 0w¬KynmESifh ywfoufí
tcsdwftqufç jyifqifbG,f&mrsm;udk ñTefMum;NyD; pmtkyf
tjzpf ½dkufESdyf&ef qHk;jzwfaMumif;? aiGoHk;&m ay;rnfjzpf
aMumif; ajymavawmhonf/ þwGif uRefawmfhrSm wwd,
tBudrf jyifqifí tacsmul;&jyefavawmhonf/
 pma&;q&mb0odkY 5
urm&GwfrS odrfBuD;aps;odkY bwfpfum; ig;rl;ay;&um
yavuwf vHkcsDwxnf av;q,fcefYay;&aom xdktcsdefu
aiGoHk;&monf t&mra&mufvSaomfvnf; .... odrfBuD;aps;
em&Dpifatmufü¤if;ç bwfpum; qdyfrsm;ü¤if; .... Mum;
&onfh ]]q&mokcu aiGoHk;&may;NyD; xkwfa0vdkufwJh oef;
aqG&JU cspfa<u;rajy 0w¬KawG wtkyfoHk;usyf}} [laom
atmfoHrsm;um; uRefawmfhem;wGif xm0pOf yJhwifxyfum
uRefawmhftm; pmayavmuodkY ajcpHk ypf0ifvmcsifatmif
zdwfac:Muavawmhonf/
xdktcsdefrSpí uRefawmfonf pma&;q&m wa,muf
rjzpfçjzpfatmif BudK;pm;ygawmhrnf[k twdtus qHk;jzwf
um pmrsm;udk zwfcJhonf/ avhvmcJhonf/ qnf;yl;cJhonf/
oif,lcJhonf/ a&;cJhonf/
,ck 15-ESpf wdkifcJhNyD/ ]]cspfa<u;rajyawG oHk;usyf}} [l
aom toHum; raysmufao;/ xdktoHawG Mum;&wdkif;
pma&;q&m wa,mufrjzpfçjzpfatmif BudK;pm; ygawmh
rnf[al om qH;k jzwfcsuo f nf topfwzefjyefíjyefí ay:vm
ygawmhonf/
oef;aqG
22-10-60
 q&mokc\ tqdk
waeY o ü touf ES p f q ,f t &G , f rsuf r S e f E S i f h ol
i,fwa,muf þ0w¬Krludk ,lvmavonf/ xdkpOfu ....
uREfkyfwdkY csrf;ompmapmifrS 0w¬Kwyk'fudk qkaiG 300d-
ay;rnf[laom 0w¬Ka&;0goemygolwdkYtbdkY wufvrf;
aMumfjimudk xdkoli,f rawGUao;/
xdkif&mrx olU0w¬KaumfyDudk oHk;av;rsufESm zwf
MunfhvdkufvQifyif ]]oDcsif;BuD;awGudk 0goem ygw,f
xifw,f....}} [k ar;rdonftxdjzpf\/ xdkoli,fu <um;
jyHK;uav; jyHK;NyD; 0efcH\/ uREfkyfonf ig;rsufESmwdwdbwf
NyD;aomtcg ]]at; ... rifh0w¬Kudk at;at;aq;aq; bwf
MunfhtHk;r,f ... w0ufavmuf 0rf;omNyD; jyefayawmh}} [l
EIwfqufvTwfvdkuf\/
xdkoli,fonf ajcvSrf;rSm;awmhrwwfaom 0rf;ajrmuf
yHkrsdK;jzifh jyefoGm;&m ... uREfkyfrSm olUudkMunhf&if; acgif;jidrfh
aerdawmh\/ tprStqHk;txd bwfNyD;aomtcg uREfkyfwdkY
csrf;ompmapmifrS xkwfa0&ef 'Gd[r&Sd wNydKifeuf qHk;jzwf
csufcsvdkufavonf/
 q&mokc\tqdk 7
uREfkyf\oabmt& twdtvif;csD;MuL;&aomf.... Mum;
íaumif;aom EkdifiHa&;? aMumfjimí txifBuD;apaom wyf
rawmfta&;wdkYudk Xmyemíxm;aom 0w¬Kjzpfuwwfqef;
rsdK;r[kwf? ½dk;½dk;uav;jzpfaom Zmwfvrf;udk El;nHhodrfarGU
t&omawGUavmufaom pum;Ekuav;rsm;jzifh rGef;rHxm;
tyfonfjzpf&m? uREfkyf\0g'udkvdkufaom t&nftcsif;ESifh
jynfhpHkonf[k qdk&rnfjzpf\/

ra&;bl;ao;aom uavmifopftjzpfESifh þ0w¬Konf

taumif;qHk;[k rqdkEdkifonfhwdkifatmif 0w¬Kaumif; yDo
ygayonf/ þpHcsdefudk csdK;Edkif-vdkufEdkifrnfh uavmifopf
rsm; r&Sd[k rqdkEdkifaomfvnf; &Sm;rnf[kum; uREfkyf qdk0hH
yg\/

xdkYaMumifhvnf; þ0w¬Ki,fudk 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om

aiGoHk;&mwdwd csD;jr§ifhvdkuf&ygonf/

]]cspfa<u;rajy}}[k emrnfajymif;ay;½HkrQESifh pum;om;ç

txm;todkç oifhwifhatmif ae&mcsay;onfu vGJí ol\
0w¬Kudk rlvZmwfvrf; ajymif;ay;jcif;? pmom; xyfrHjznfh
pGufjcif; ponfh ta&mifwifqDrsdK; vdrf;í ray;vdkufonfudk
um; 0efcHyg\/ xdkYaMumifh oifudk,fwdkif þ0w¬Kudk ESpf
oufu uavmif&Siftm; &mcdkifEIef;tjynfh csD;MuL;p&mom
8 q&mokc\tqdk
&Sdvsuf oifudk,fwkdif rESpfoufygu wm0efcHí a&G;cs,f
vdkufaom uREfkyfudkom &mcdkifEIef;tjynfhtjypfwifygawmh/
odkYaomf uREfkyf\ vuf&mudk ESpfoufvQif þ0w¬Kudk
BudKuf&rnfum; 'd|/
ok c
csrf;ompmapmif
1945-ckESpf 'DZifbm
 oef;aqG-a&;

cspf a <u;rajy
]]vlU&GmrSwfa&;? Opöma<u;xuf? cspfa<u;wifcsuf?
qif;&Jeuf[k? pOfqufxkdrQ? qdkukefMu\}}
rCa'0vuFmopf

jzpf a &;uk e f p if .... awmhNyD jzpf&um; avmu

]]od y f a us;Zl ; wif w mbJ "mwfudk;&yfpHkrSm rHI&D&Djzpfí
q&muawmf&,f? q&mu aeavonf / cif a raxG ;
awmfwdkY aus;Zl;udkjzifh 'Dw onf arSmif&dyf oef;aeonfh
oufrSm qyfvdkY ukefEdkifawmh {nfhcef; jyLwif;aygufrS t
r,frxifygbl;}} jyifbufqDodkY ai;arQmf&if;
pdwfxJ 0rf;xJrS vdIuf u.... ]]tif; .... toufcsrf;
vdIufvSJvSJ xGufay: vmMu om&m&oGm;wJh a0'em&Sif
onfh aus;Zl;pum;wdkYonf xuf-olUudk jyKpMk uwJh olawG
q&muawmf cifaraxG; t &JU 0rf;omjcif;ursm; ydkav
bdkY rMumrMum Mum;aeus a&mhovm;}} [k awG;aerd
jzpfonfhtwdkif; Mum;&jyef avonf/
avonf/ {nf h o nf ZeD ; armif E S H
0if v k q J aerif ; rS m \ om;&ifaoG;onf aMumuf
aumif;pGm rxGef;vif; Edkif rufbG,f&m qdk;oGrf;vSpGm
10 cspfa<u;rajy
aom acsmif ; qd k ; aoG ; yg vef ' ef ü aq;ynm 'D * &D
a&m*g pGJuyfcJhojzifh cifar ,lcJhum &efukefNrdKU pGef qdyf
axG;\ cifyGef;jzpfol a'guf Nidrf&m &yfuGufwGif rdrdtxl;
xm0if;armiftkyfcsKyfzGifhvSpf wvnf vdkufpm;avhvmcJh
xm;onfh aq;½HkwGif uko aom acsmif;qdk;aoG;yg t
cJh\/ olwdkYonf olwdkY\cspf qkwfa&m*g ponfwdkYudk uk
r0Ek d i f o nf h om;&wemü oonfh aq;½Hkuav; zGifh
a&m*gaysmufuif; aowGif; vSpf aecJholjzpf&m touf
rS vGwfuif;cJhjcif;tm; 0rf; 40-ausmf t&G,f aumif;
omí rqHk;Edkif? aus;Zl;awG wHk;wGif xifay: ausmfMum;
qyfí rukeEf ikd af vmufatmif ol wa,muf jzpfavonf/
xifjrifum a'gufwm 0if; aq;½HkzGifhcJhonfrS ,ck txd
armiftm; xdkufwef&m t aom 10-ESpf twGif;0,f
bdk;tcudk ylaZmfcJhonfom ajrmufjrm; vSpGm a0'em
ru cifaraxG;udkyif....vuf o,fwdkY\ toufudk u,f
aqmif y PÖ m trsd K ;rsd K ;jzif h q,fc\ hJ / rusef;rrm jzpfae
aus;Zl;qyfMu\/ rdrdwdkY\ onfh olrsm;tm; vlaumif;
pGrf;aqmifcsufaMumifh pdwf yuwd jzpfoGm;apum ....
csrf;om&m &oGm;olwdkY t aumif;pGm vkyfudkif pm;Edkif
wGuf 0rf;omovdk jzpfrd&m onftxd pGrf;aqmif EkdifcJh
u rdbwdYk\ arwåmtm; ud, k f onfwdkYudk pOf;pm; rdygu
csif;pmrdjyefonf/ cifaraxG;rSm xdkuJhodkY ynm
a'gufwm0if;armifum; &Sif wOD;\ ZeD;Muif,mjzpf
 cspfa<u;rajy 11
vm&jcif;udk *kPf,l rdav uwJu tckxad wmif olrsm;
onf/ tay:rS m oem; wwf o
]][kwfw,f .... udk0if; avmuf taxG;qdk&if rMuif
armif[m rsm;pGmaom vlw emcJhbl; .... &ufpufcJhw,f...
pktwGuf toufocif aus; &efbufjyKcJhw,f}}
Zl;&SifbJ? ol[m-a0'em&Sif ]]rrav; .... rrav;}}
awG&JU toufudk aorif; tdrfwGif;rS ac:&if;xGuf
vufu qJG,l cJhw,f/ 'gay vmaom tapcH ta':BuD;
rJh ....}} \ toHonf ausmuf½kyf
{nf h c ef ; um; arS m if E S i f h yrm NidrfoufpGm &yf&if; ai;
rJrJjzpfcJh\/ olum; ai;ae aeonfh cifaraxG;tm;vIyf
&mrS rcGmao;? qDref; ref;o &Sm;ap\/
vdk wukd,fwnf; ajymae\/ ]]bmwHk; ... tarausmh
]]'gayrJ h taxG ; &J U t bmvkyfrvdkYvJ}}
oufudkawmh ru,fcJhbl; ... ]]xrif;yJG jyifNyD;NyDav ...
ru,fcJhbl; ... taxG;&JU t xrif;rpm;ao;bl;vm;}}
oJESvHk;awGudk xkwf,lypf ]]pm;wmaygh? 'gxuf t
w,f/ taxG;udk t&Sifvwf wl; wa,mufaum}}
vwf vlaob0 jzpfatmif ]]twl; .... olUtcef;xJ
taxG ; &J U 0d n mOf a wG u d k rSm pmMunfhaew,f}}
qkyaf jcxm;w,f/ wu,fbJ ]][kwfvm; ... oGm;ESifh
taxG;tay:rSm roufn§mcJh av usrvmcJhr,f}}
bl;/ twl;uav;udk arG;NyD; a'gufwm 0if;armif\
12 cspfa<u;rajy
aq;½Hkum; tdrf\wbufjcH aoaocsmcsm awG;Munfhyg
BuD;xJwiG f &Sad vonf/ eHeuf u tvGeyf ifpw d yf subf ,
G &f m
apmapmuwnf;u tvkyf td r f a xmif a &;yif jzpf a y
cGifodkYoGm;&aom a'gufwm onf/ trSefyif cifaraxG;
0if;armifrSm eHeufydkif; um zD rSm jcaoFhvufwGif;odkY ouf
aomuf c sd e f w G i f o m td r f qif;ae&onfh ,kefoli,f
üf&Sdwwf avonf/ vlrrm yrm oem;p&mjzpfavonf/
rsm;twG u f aeYa&mnyg tu,f í a'guf w m 0if ;
BudK;pm;tm;xkwf tvkyfvkyf armif td r f w G i f &S d a eygu
ae&ol a'gufwm0if;armif vnf; vifr,m; tjzpfjzifh
twGufum; .... reufpma&m MuifMuifemem csdKcsdKomom
npmyg .... csdKifhjzifh ydkYcJh& avmuGwf jyLiSm r&Scd /hJ rajym
onfomru nOfheufrdkCf; rjzpfonfh pum;ESpfcGef;oHk;
csKyftxd tvkyfpcef;r&yfbJ cG e f ; wG i f y if tqH k ; owf c g
tHk;puf&mudkyif owd r& udk,fvkyfp&m &Sdonfh udpu ö dk
avoa,mif .... aq;½HkwGif om vkyfcJhMu\/
yif nOfhtdyfí jyefrvmonfh touf 14-ESpf ausmf
&ufwdkY rSmvnf; ra&wGuf ausmf &SdcJhaom twl;onf
EdkifcJh .... rdrd\ rdbrsm; aexdkifyHkESifh
umv&SnfMumojzifh xHk; ausmif;aebuf oli,fcsif;
pH y rm jzpf a eaomaMumif h wdkY\ rdbrsm; aexdkifyHkudk
cifaraxG;ESifh twl;wdkYtbdkY EdIif;,SOfí rnfrQpOf;pm;cg
wGif rxl;jcm;vSaomfvnf; tm;i,f v d r f h r nf e nf ; [k
 cspfa<u;rajy 13
awG;rdonfhtcg cifaraxG; 0,f tpOf ud e f ; atmif ;
rSm twl; tay:0,f t&m vsuf&Sdaom oabmaumif;
&mwGif tvdv k u
kd cf g tBudKuf raemjzL yef;csDq&m udkjrifh
jyKjcif;jzifhom pdwf oufom oef;\ taMumif;udk awG;
atmif aerdavawmhonf/ rd y gu cif a raxG ; rS m &if
xdkuJhodkY tdrfaxmifa&; wGif;wGif [mwmwmjzpf&mrS
tqifrajyjcif;rSm rnfol\ rsuf&nfpawG jzmvmwwf
qd k ; oG r f ; csuf a Mumif h ay avonf/
enf;/ a'gufwm 0if;armif raeYuyif udkjrifhoef; t
avm.... cifaraxG;avm.... aMumif;ESihf ywfoufí rdrw d Ykd
r[kwfyg....r[kwfEkdifyg/ ESpf vifr,m; uawmuf uq
a,mufpvHk; cspfvGef;vSo jzpfcJh&onfudk owd&rdao;
jzifh tdrfaxmifbuf jyKvm awmhonf....
Muonf r[kwyf gavm.... w
a,mufESifh wa,muf cspf
vsufEiS yhf if þpdwyf sufb, G f ]]bwfNyD;NyD r[kwfvm;
tdrfaxmifodkY ajymif;vmjcif; a[h ....}}
jzpf a yonf / od k Y jzpf y gu q&m0ef t0wf & S n f u d k
w&m;cHonf udkjrifhoef;jzpf 0wf v suf wuf v maom
ayvdrfhrnf/ a'guf w m 0if ; armif o nf
]][kwfbl; ... r[kwfbl;ç cifaraxG;tm; jyHK;pdpd trl
ol bmrS rod&Smbl;}} t&mjzifh ar;avonf/ bmudk
cif a raxG ; \ &if w G i f ; qdkvdkonf rodaom cifar
14 cspfa<u;rajy

axG ; rS m vif a wmf a rmif \ aewJh yef;csD q&mBuD;&JU o

rsufESmxm;udkom pdkufMunfh wif;av... [J....[J....}}
aerd\/ tpç tqHk;ajym&rnfudk
]]taxG;awmh-vGrf;aeNyD cufouJhodkY a'gufwm 0if;
r[kwfvm; .... [m; ....[m;}} armifonf tdwfwGif;rS o
a'gufwm 0if;armif onf wif;pm&Gufacguf wcktm;
rsuf r S e f u d k i f ; ud k yif h w if xkwfcg cifaraxG;\ a&SU&Sd
&if;u avSmif&Dç&Dae jyef&m pm;yJ G a y:od k Y ypf w if v d k u f
cifaraxG;rSm a'gyG rdav avonf/
onf/ wdrfjr§KyfaewJh .... yef;csD
]]bmvJ.... bm....bm.... q&m....
bmudk vGrf;&rSmvJ.... bm [k cifaraxG;onf pdwf
pum;awG ajymaewmvJ.... xJü a&&Gwfrdav\/ yef;csD
em;rvnfbl; ... bmrSvJ r q&m udkjrifhoef; wa,muf
bwfbl;}} wdrfjr§Kyf aysmufuG,f oGm;cJh
]]tdk....[dk; .... [dk; a'go onfrSm ESpfçvç tawmfyif
rBuD;eJYav.... 'DaeY owif; MumcJhavNyD/ ol\ aexdkif&m
pmxJu owif;xl; wckudk a'orSefudk b,folrS rod
ajymwmyg....}} oavmuf jzpfaecJh&m ,ckrS
]]bmvJ .... owif;pmxJ wzef ae&mrSefudk odMu&o
u bmowif;vJ....}} jzifh aMujimjcif; ayavm[k
]]cifAsm;wdkY&JU wdrf jr§Kyf vnf; awG;rdavonf/
 cspfa<u;rajy 15
]]bwfav.... bwf&if od cd k t d r f w G i f yif y ef ; qif ;
rSmaygh....}} &J B uD ; pG m a0'em cH p m;í
[k a'gufwm 0if;armif wa,muf w nf ; wnf ; ae
u cifaraxG;\ pdwu f kd &dyrf d cJ h & mrS vG e f c J h a om &uf
[efjzifh ajymawmhrS owif; rMumrS D u rl wnf ; cd k t d r f r S
pm&Gufudk jzefYí Munfhrdav aysmuf o G m ;jyef & m b,f
onf/ owif;pm&Gufudk udkif t&yf o d k Y xG u f c G m oG m ;
xm;&if;u cifaraxG;onf onf [ k rod c J h & aMumif ; ?
idkifaerdonf/ trSefyif xdk uyf a &muf a eonf h a0'
owif;onf cifaraxG; t emrSm vHk;0 arQmfvifh
wGuf pdwf0ifpm;bG,f jzpf bG , f r&S d a wmh o jzif h rd r d
oavmuf b0ifrat;EkdifcJh- ud k , f u d k y if owf í ao
owif;um; wdkwdkuav;yif? avNyD a vm[k awG ; awm
p&m jzpf a eawmh a Mumif ;
]]wdrfjr§Kyf aysmufuG,f þuJ h o d k Y ynm&S i f wOD ;
vsuf &Sdaom uREfkyfwdkY \ qH k ; &S H K ; &jcif ; rS m uREf k y f
Ed k i f i H a usmf bd v yf j yef wd k Y tbd k Y 0rf ; enf ; bG , f
yef ; csD q &m uAsm q&m &myif jzpfayaMumif; ....}}
OD ; jrif h o ef ; onf acsmif ;
qd k ; aoG ; yg tqk w f a &m ud k j rif h o ef ; \ jzpf a xG
*gpG J u yf a ecJ h o jzif h xm; aMumifh pdwfroufromjzpf
0,f e ,f armif ; ruef rdaom cifaraxG;onf eH
yifv,f urf;ajc&Sd wnf; ab;wG i f a'guf w m 0if ;
16 cspfa<u;rajy

armif &Sdaeonfudkyif owd uG....b,fou l 'Dvt kd aumif

rrlEdkifawmhbJ [if;ueJouf rsdK;udk vmNyD; oem; ....}}
jyif; csvdkufavonf/ xdkrS a'guf w m 0if ; armif
a'gufwm 0if;armifu .... um;-&efolESifh pum;ajymae
]]tif; .... oem;p&m aumif; olyrm wif;rmpGm [pfatmf
vdkufygbduGm}} [k a,musfm; í aeavonf/
wefrJh aighawmhawmh ajym ]]xGD.... i,fi,fuav;
um ceJY vdkufonfudkvnf; uwJu- cifrifvmwJh ol
ta&;r,lEdkifonfomru ... i,f c sif ; ud k a wmif opö m
]][kwfw,f-a&m*guvJ azmuf w J h wd & pä m ef v d k t
tawmfbJ roufombl;qdk aumif....}}
bJ}} [líyif xyfrHí ajymrd xd k t cd k u f t wef Y wG i f
avonf/ a'gufwm0if;armifrSm vl
]]bmvJ....rif;u ighudk wumwdkY toufudk u,f
rsm; ukapcsifao;vdkYvm;}} q,faeol wa,muftjzpf
cif a raxG ; um; bmrQ ajymr,HkEdkifatmif jzpfae\/
jyefrajymawmhbJ rsuf&nf a'gufwm 0if;armif\ jyif;
awG 0Jaeonfh rsufvHk;tpHk xefvo S nfh pum;vH;k rsm; ESihf
wdkYjzifhom vifo,ftm; ai; jyefvSef atmfaiguf ae ygu
Munfhae&Sm\/ xd k Y xuf epf e mbG , f
pum;rsm;om xG u f v mOD ;
]]igwdkYu 'DvdkajymhpdpdeJY
rnfjzpf&m cifaraxG;rSm....
tEkorm;awGudk rvdkcsifbl;
owif;pm acgufudk pm;yJG
 cspfa<u;rajy 17
ay:odkY wif&if;u ol ajym ]]rif; ....olUtay:rSmtvdk
orQudk iHkYcHaeonfu vGJí vdkufvGef;w,f....}}
bmrQrwwfEikd cf /hJ udjk rifo
h ef; olonf rsufrSefudkif;udk
ES i f h ywf o uf í vmygu cRwfcg wzef jyefí wyf
a'gufwm 0if;armifum; .... jyef\/
þenf;ESifESifyif ..../ ]]'Daumifuav;twGuf
]]uJ....bm ajymcsifao; BuD;yGm;bdkY vrf;awG MuHxm;
ovJ....}} w,f/ olUudk *½kpdkufyg-oleJY
a'gufwm 0if;armif onf ywfoufwJh pum;qef;awG
wa,mufwnf;&efjzpf &mrS rMum;rdbl;vm;....}}
&yf p J p jyKvm\/ cif a r ]][if.... b,fvdk pum;
axG;um;.... wdwfqdwfvsuf awGrsm;ygvdrfh....}}
om..../ ]]tif; .... olv-J [dak umif
]]'gxuf.... aumifav; vdkvmwmbJ/ rif;uawmh
a&m.... ausmif;u rvmao; 0rf ; omrS m aygh / 'gayrJ h
bl;vm; ....}} a'guf w m 0if ; armif & J U
tcef ; ud k acguf w H k Y om;[m-'D v d k uavu0
acgufjyef avQmufaeonfh aumifpm;rsdK; jzpfoGm;&r,f
a'guf w m 0if ; armif o nf qdw k maoypfbYkdaumif;w,f/
wbufrS vSnfhí tjypf&Sm jrifoh ef;eJY rwlb;l vm;? uAsm
&ef pum; pjcif;ayavm... eJ Y pmpD p muH k ; rS m tawmf
]]twl;vm; ....rvmao; qHk;wJh? yef;csDrSmvJ .... vuf
bl;? vmcgeD;ygNyD....}} ajrmufowJh/ [dk acG;aumif
18 cspfa<u;rajy
i,f i ,f u eJ Y wax&mxJ aMumif;0,f oHo,yGm;rsm;
bJ...}} &m yGm;rsm;aMumif;yif zefwD;
a'gufwm0if;armifum; &m N*dK[fq;kd yifjzpfawmhonf/
ajymí tm;& oG m ;awmh
Í Í Í
onfhtvm; cifaraxG;\
tajzudkyif rapmifhawmhbJ ESpfudk,fhwpdwf
ajcaxmufudk jyif;jyif;eif;
um aq;½HkbufodkY xGuf ]]vlav; twl; ....}}
oGm;avonf/ cifaraxG;onf wHcg;udk
zGifhum 0ifcJhavonf/ t
raeYu-xdkodkY jzpfcJhonf wl;onf pmtkyf wtkyfudk
udk owd&rdaom cifaraxG; bwfae&mrS ½kww f &uf rsuf
onf twl;\ tcef;wGif; ESmysufoGm;um uAsm u&m
&yfaerd\/ twl;um; udkjrifh pm;yJaG y:&Sd pmtkyxf yfatmuf
oef;ESifh wlonf[k qdkygu odkY bwfaeonfh pmtkyfudk
tusifh trlt&m0goemom 0Suf vdkufav\/ xl;jcm;
ru ½kyf&nfvnf; wlvSay aom om;\ trlt&mtm;
onf/ bmaMumifh þuJhodkY cifaraxG; tuJcwfro d nf/ w
wlae&onfudk cifaraxG; ajz;ajz;rS pHkprf;awmhrnf[k
pOf;pm;í r&cJh/ þuJhodkY ½kyf pdwfydkif;jzwfvdkuf\/
&nfrpS í tpp t&m&mwlae ]]vlav; b,ftcsdefu
jcif;onfyif cifaraxG;ESifh a&mufaerSef;awmif rodbl;/
a'gufwm 0if;armifwdkY t 'DaeY axmywf iSufaysmoD;
 cspfa<u;rajy 19

awG vufaqmif&xm;w,f/ ao;bl;vm;arar.... qmvS

vlav; xrif; pm;awmhr NyD....}}
vm; ....}} xrif ; pm;csd e f a wmif
]][kwfuJh-a&mufaewm a&mufaeygyaumç [laom
MumygNyD? ararhudk raESmifh qdkvdkcsufjzifh twl;u ajym
&SufcsifwmeJY wdwfwdwf c avonf/
av; wufvmcJhw,f....}} ]]at;av pmMunf h w m
]]atmf....atmf....'gxuf [m aumif;awmhaumif;yg
tck pmusufaeovm; ....}} w,f? 'gayrJh odyfvGefvGef;
cif a raxG ; onf at; awmh vludk Oyg'f ay;wwf
aq;pGm ajym&if;u twl; w,f? twl;vJ 'gawG od
eHab;&Sd ukvm;xdkifwGif 0if om;bJ....}} [k cifaraxG;
xdkifvdkufavonf/ twl;rSm onf ajymajymqdkqdk jzLEk
pdwf rvHkouJhodkY zifw&G&G aom vufwdkYjzifh pm;yGJay:
jzpfae\/ &Sd r*¾Zif; pmtkyfrsm; ESifh
]]bm pmtk y f a wG r sm; ausmif ; oH k ; pmtk y f r sm;ud k
bwfaeygvdrfh}} wckNyD;wck qJ, G Ml unfah v&m-
cifaraxG;onf pmtkyf ]]tdk.... araruvJ}} [k
xyfukd tuJcyfovdk Munfí h twl;u jzwfueJ xum u
ae\/ ref; uwef; cifaraxG;\
]]tdk....pHkvdkYygbJ arar vufukd qJu G ikd xf m;avonf/
&,f? uJ.... xrif; rpm;Mu ]]bm&SdvdkYvJ vlav;&JU}}
20 cspfa<u;rajy
twl;um; bmrS jyefí tkyfudk vGwfrusoGm;atmif
rajym...../ reJ owdxm;í ae&\/ pm
]]ararh u d k a wmif rod tkyf rsm;um; ol\ toJpGJ
ap&bl;vm;uG,f....}} arwåm&Sif yef;csDq&m udkjrifh
cifaraxG;onf awmif; oef;\ yef;csDESifh wuGaom
yefovdk ajymjyef\/ xdkysuf uAsmpmtkyf r[kwfygavm/
pD;vG,f pdwfEke,fonfh vk pmtkyu f kd vSev
f u
kd of nfEiS w
hf
vifi,fonf rdrd tay:wGif NydKifeuf awGU&onfrSm owd
vQdKU0Suf xm;&ef taMumif; &bG,f&m ,aeYwdkif rarh
r&Sdoifh[k awG;xifrd\/ Edkifao;onfh udkjrifhoef;\
]]ararh u d k a wmif tod vuf&m....
ray;bl;vm;? twl; 'Dvdk þ wBudrfwGifrl cifar
tHkYykef;awmh rvkyfeJYuG,f/ axG;bufu pdwfrvHk ovdk
bGif;bGif; ajymyguGJU/ pm jzpfae\/ twl;um; idkifae
tkyfbJ r[kwfvm;....}} onfh rdciftm; tHt h m;oifh pGm
]][kwfuJh....}} Munfhrd\/
]]bmpmtkyfrdkYvJuGJU....}}
pmtk y f x yf atmuf ü
um; yef;csDum; pmtkyf 2- BudKufrdolrSm
tkyf udk awGU&avonf/ apmifharQmfíom? ae
]]t½k y f pmtk y f awG y g cJhygonf/
vm; ....}} [k ajym&if; qJG,l a&mufvmr&Sd ysdKwrd
rdaom cifaraxG;onf pm tm;?
 cspfa<u;rajy 21
rcsdvsufyif? aeYpOf rajzwJhwwfNyD
tNrJ?
onfarmifpGJum- ae rajzwJhwwfNyD/ /
cJhomwnfh? qkjynfhpHk apwDOD;rSm
xuf,Htmum? pef; v? MunfEl;bG,f av
aomfwmonf? avajyoGJUjyefawmh?
&ifrSmayGU&ef? cJ,Of; cGef;EGJUum NidrfhNidrfh
rSefvnf;? anmif;&,feJY?
odOmPfr&Sd? vltEd¨ acgif;avmif; oHcsdK
um;? csdKat;wdkYuvJ?
pGJrd pJG&m? aeav&Sm aqG;apbdkY&nf/ /
wnfh/ Muifabmfuif;ygvdkY
yrmxdkYwl? olESifhig ysif;&dbG,f vlUpcrf;
wdkY? rSmjzifh?
zl;pmrqHk? uGJcJh xHk &Tifvef;bG,f rl&mpHk
vnf;? ESifh?
tm½Hkrysuf? &r®ufBuD; jyLiSmpGm MuifemyGm;
pGm? olvJ?
cspfaiGU jzmcJh? Mur®m a&Smif&Sm;abG Mum
enf;pG? ava0;NyDrdkY?
ighb0um;? awG;rdwdkif; ajzrqD?
u,fr-rnfhol-a0;cJh rMunfcJhESvHk;/ /
NyD/ awGU-qHk-uJG?
22 cspfa<u;rajy
rvJG"r®wmayrdkY? wD;vmjcif; onfvnf; rdrd
w acsmfum 'Db0 ESifhruif; ... [k awG;rdjyef
wGifjzifh? onf/
cifeJY armif a0;&Sm [kdpOf tcgurl a'guf
MuaomfvJ? wm 0if;armifESifh cifaraxG;
b0pOf jzpfavwkdif; wdkY\ tdrfwGif udkjrifhoef;\
rSmv? uAsmpmtkyfrsm; t½kyfum;
rqdkif;yifarESrysdKESifh rsm;jzifhom jynfhESufvsuf&Sd
awGU&&efuRef&nfoef cJh\/ ,cktcgrSmum; udkjrifh
í? oef;\ vuf&m qdkí aq;
apwD,H xHawmfyg; azmfp&myif r&SdawmhNyD? t
rSmv? u,fí tdrfwae ae&mwGif
ñG w f w G m ;cg qk r G e f udkjrifhoef;\ ypönf;wckckudk
aumif;udk? awGU&Sdyguvnf; a'gufwm
awmif ; cJh armif 0if;armifonf rD;½SdKUypfrnf
bkef;/ / rvJGay/ odkYpOfvsuf tb,f
udkjrifhoef;\ uAsm pmpk aMumifh twl;onf þudkjrifh
wdkYum; cifaraxG;\ w&d&d oef;\ pmtkyf udkrS 0,fcJh
EGrf;aeonfh toJqdkifwdkYtm; avoenf;/
rcsdw&dESifh yef;apMuavNyD/ ]]ta[mif; qdkifrSm awGU
udkjrifhoef; þvdk uAsm rsdK; wmeJY uRefawmhfrkefUbdk;xJu
t½k y f r sd K ; qJ G a &; avmuf 0,fvmcJhw,f....}}
atmif aMuuJGbG,f&mudk zef udkjrifhoef;um; ,cktcg
 cspfa<u;rajy 23
wGif wdrfjr§Kyf acwfukefcJhay cifaraxG; vG,fulpGm 0,f
NyD? odkYaomf [dk,cif i,f ,lay;Edkifygrnfavm? rjzpf
&G,fpOftcgu a&;qJGcJhonfh Ekid yf g? ,ckuohJ Ykd udjk rifo
h ef;\
uAsmESifh yef;csDum; pmtkyf uAsmpmtk y f 2-tk y f þ
wdkYudkrl pmtkyfqdkif tcsdKUü tdrfay:wGif a&mufaejcif;
awGUEdkifao;onf/ þuAsm udkyif a'gufwm 0if;armif
pmtkyfonfvnf; aemufqHk; odoGm;ygu rnfodkY ae&Sm
xkwfa0&m pmtkyfrsm;wGif vdrfhrnfenf;/
tygt0ifjzpfojzifh aMumf ]]vlav;ç ararajymwm
Mum;vSonfh pmtkyfjzpf&m.... em;axmifyg? 'D q&ma&;wJh
ta[mif;qdkifu 0,fcJhonf uAsmwdkYç t½kyfum;wdkY[m
[k qdkaomfvnf; aygayg cav;wdkYeJY roifhawmfbl;
&vdrfhrnf r[kwf[k cifar vdkY arar xifw,f? 'Djyif
axG; awG;rdjyefonf/ vl&JUpmtkyfudk bwfaemf....?
]]bmjzpfjzpf.... vkdcsifwm arar udk,fwdkif 0,fay;ygh
&Sd&if ararhudk ajymrSaygh}} r,f}}
]][kwfuJh.... aemuf 'Dvdk udkjrifhoef;\ pmtkyfrsm;
rvkyfawmhygbl;}} 0,fxm;onfukd rdru d Munf
]]tdk.... 'DvdkvJ b,f[kwf jzLaeaMumif;.... a'gufwm
rvJ}} 0if ; armif od o G m ;ygu....
tu,fíom.... twl;u e*dku rouFm jzpfaejcif;
udkjrifhoef;\ pmtkyfrsm;udk onf omvGefí qdk;0g;acs
vdkcsifygonf? ylqmygu.... awmhrnf/
24 cspfa<u;rajy
]]uJ....ararssç xrif;oGm; aewJh vlawG bwfp&m? twl;
pm;MuygpdkY? om;....qmvS vlBuD;qdk&if udprö &Sdbl;? tJh'D
NyD....}} tcgusawmhrS ay;r,f? tck
twl;onf xdkif&mrS x arar odrf;xm;r,f....}} [k
um olUtar\ vufudkqJGí qufajymrdjyef\/
ac:cJh\/ twl;um; raMueyfonfh
]]arar bmjzpf v d k Y 'D o@mef tHBudwfí aeav
q&m&JU pmtkyfawGudk rbwf onf/
eJYvdkY ajymwmvJ[if? uRef ]][kwfvm;.... em;vnfNyD
awmfawmh odyf oabmus r[kwfvm;....}}
wmbJ? a[m'D q&m&JU uAsm ]]aemufNyD; bmjzpfvdkY vJ
wkdY t½kyfwdkY Munfhae& bwf rod b l ; ? tJ ' D q&ma&;
ae&&ifav bmjzpfvdkYvJ r orQ t½k y f a wG [ m arareJ Y
od b l ; ? od y f a ysmf w mbJ . ... odyf wlwmbJ? trlt&ma&m
ausmif;pm MunfhvJ rysufyg vuf[efajc[efa&m wzHkxJ
bl;? bwfyg&ap.... arar
bJ? toHrxGufvdkYom toH
&,faemf....}}
xGuf&ifvJ woHxJ aerSmbJ
]]oabm usw,fvm;}}
xifw,f}}
[k cifaraxG;onf vTwfceJ
]]tdk....rif;ES,f MuHMuHzef
ar;rdNyD;rS ....
zefuG,f}}
]]'gayrJh....'D[m cav;
]]r[kwfbl;.... wu,f
awG bwfp&mr[kwfbl;? vl
ajymwm? 'gaMumifhrdkY olU
BuD;awG bwfp&m? tcsp½f ;l ½l;
 cspfa<u;rajy 25
pmtk y f a wG u d k uRef a wmf ]]twl; ....wdw-f wdwpf rf;
BudKufwmaygh}} xrif;pm;rSmpm;? 'Dpum;udk
cifaraxG;onf rdrdwdkY\ awmfawmh....}}
twGif;a&;tm; cav; od pdwfrcsrf;ompGm xGuf
aea&mhovm;[k awG;rdjyef ay:vmaom cifaraxG;\
onf/ pum;oH o nf tm;&yg;&
]]aemf.... ararç arareJY ajymaeaom twl;\pum;
tJ'DvleJY odbl;w,f r[kwf oHudk &yfpJapcJhavonf/
vm;? [ifç ararhtod r xrif;pm;NyD;í tdyf&modkY
[kwfvm;}} 0ifcsdef a&mufojzifh tdyf&m
cifaraxG;onf pdwfrvHk ay:wGif vJavsmif;aeaomf
ovdk [kd[dk'D'D vSrf;í Munhf vnf; cifaraxG;rSm nae
&mu ]]td.k ... uyfo;D uyfoyf? uajymcJhaom twl;\pum;
b,fvv kd v
l ?J b,fu od&rSm qef ; rsm; raeYu ud k 0 if ;
vJ....}[k acgif;cgum jiif; armifEiS hf jzpfysufco
hJ nfq
h q
l l
av\/ ylyl trItcif; rsm;aMumihf
]]'gjzifh tawmfqef;wm pdwftaESmifh t,Suf tm½Hk
bJaemf? uRefawmfvJ olUvdk awG ba&mufb&uf jzpfcg
vlrsdK;jzpfcsifw,f?t½kyfvSvS awmfawmfESifh tdyfr&awmh
av;awGqJG?uAsmawGa&;? tH acs/
rm q&muawmif uRefawmh ]][kwfw,f.... [kwfw,f
ukd uAsmawmfw,fwJh yef;csD udkjrifhoef; qJGorQawG[m
vJ rnHhbl;wJh....}} ight½kyfawGcsnf;bJ? 'Dt½kyf
26 cspfa<u;rajy
awGudkqJGNyD; olUudk,fol ajz ES,f oabm&ovJ....teuf
azsmfvdkYr&awmhbJ tqHk; rSm t"dyÜm,feJY rjynfhpHkbl;vm;?
vlvHk;rvS....}} b,favmufEl;nHhwJh pmom;
cifaraxG;onf qufír awGvJ....}}
awG;&Jawmh.... cifaraxG;onf pE´,m;
tdyf&mwGif b,fvl;nm cvkwfay:wGif jzLazG; jynfh
vSdrfh&if;u vGefcJhonfh 16- jzd K ;onf h vuf a csmif ; u
ESpfausmfausmfu taMumif; av;rsm;udk vIyf&Sm;&if;u-
rsm;udk wa&;a&;awG;rdav eHab;em;wGif xkdifaeaom
awmhonf/ a'gufwm 0if;armiftm; ....
&D & D armarm ajymcJ h a v
]]arh y gcJ h E d k i f } } onf/
pifppf- a'gufwm 0if;
cspfcsif;i,fNydKif/ armifrSm cifaraxG;ESifh aph
jrpfrif;ydkif tmPÖ0g pyf x m;ol j zpf a omaMumif h
xuf? jyefromuJ/ / om- þrQMumMum ywfysdK;
,Gef;aphrokef ...... aiG wyk'f qHk;onftxd tm;em
0ef;av.... aomfwm yg;em qdkovdk em;axmifae
,kefodkYç urÇmukef jcif;jzpf\/ bdvyfjyef q&m
us,foa&GUudk? b,f 0efbJGU&- avmu"mwf ynm
arhvdrfhrvJ/ / ud k o m vd k u f p m;vmcJ h o l
a'gufwm0if;armifrSm *Dw
]]uJ.... udkudk0if; b,fh ynmü pdwfr0ifpm;? olpdwf
 cspfa<u;rajy 27
0ifpm;aeonfh- t&mum; ,m;cH k r S x um a'guf w m
cifaraxG;\ tcsdK;usum... 0if ; armif \ eH a b;&S d uk
usef;rma&;ESifh jynfhpHkonfh vm;xdkifwGif 0ifí xdkifvdkuf
cE¨mudk,fom jzpfavonf/ \/
ol\rsufvHk; tdrfxJwGif cif tawmf M umawmh r S cif
araxG;ESifh twl ,SOfwGJum araxG;onf ]]'Dr,f.... udkudk
aysmf a ysmf y g;yg; oG m ;vm 0if;? taxG;av.... taxG;
aexdkif&if;u rdrd bmom ud k , f u d k yH k w l q J G r vm;vd k Y
aq;½Hk w½HkzGifhí x,fx,f pdwful;aew,f? udkudk0if;udk
0g0g aeMurnfh ta&;awG ajymcsifaewm MumvSNyD}}[k
udok m jrifa,mifae\/ wuú pum;-pavonf/
odv
k ef ,fwcGiw f iG f emrnfxif jzL0if;aomtom; aMumh
ay:cJhol cifaraxG;\ vuf &Sif;onfh ukd,f[ef? tcsdK;us
oHudk em;r0ifEkdifcJh..../ onfhudk,fvHk;? tNrJwef; csdK
xdak Mumifh cifaraxG;u *D NyHK;vsuf&Sdaom eDwsmwsm
wcsD;rGrf;cef; zGifhaeonfudk EIwfcrf;? tqifajyonfh ESm
yif *½krpdkufbJ ]]tdk....tv wH? aumhysH aeonfh rsuf cH;k ?
um; tvkyfawGyg taxG; Munf v if 0 d k i f ; puf a om
&m}}[k- ajymrdajym&m ajym rsufvHk;? eufarSmifonfh qH
&if;u touf jyif;jyif; &SL yifwdkYjzifh qifwdkif;,Ofç jyif
xkwf vdkufavonf/ a'guf wkdif;vS tacsmwumh xdyf
wm 0if;armif pdwfrygrSef; acgifwifwa,muf[k wuú
odaom cifaraxG;onfpE´ odkvf ausmif;awmfwGif em
28 cspfa<u;rajy
rnfausmf avmufatmif t aumif;om;bJ/ b,folUqD
vS*kPf jynfhvQrf;vsuf&Sdol rSm qJGrSmvJ? yef;csDq&m...
cifaraxG;onf rdrd\ tysdK awGUaeNyDvm; ....}}[k a'guf
b0tm; awmf a wmf E S i f h r wm 0if;armifu MunfjzL
pGefYvTwfcsifay/ pGm axmufcaH vonfjh yif? ol
xdkpOfu vef'efrS jyef udk,fwkdifvnf; cspfoJn§m
vmNyD;pjzpfaom a'gufwm uav;\ ½kyfoGifudk rlrysuf
0if;armifrSm tpdk;&aq;½Hk qJG,lEdkifrnfh yef;csDq&mudk
BuD;wGif q&m0efBuD; wOD; pOf;pm;aeavonf/
jzpfol cifaraxG;\ bcifOD; cif a raxG ; onf yef ; csD
baxG;\ vufatmufü 0if qGJ&ef MuHuwnf;u yef;csD
a&mufcg ulnDvkyfudkifae& q&mwa,mufudk awGUxm;
qJjzpfojzifh r*FvmudpörSm cJh\/ xdkolum; 0w¬K r*¾Zif;
MuefYMum aecJhjcif; jzpfav wdkY\ rsufESmzHk;wdkif; vdkvdk
onf/ wuúodkvf ,rif;½kyf udkyif a&;qJG ae½HkrQru....
uav;[k ausmif;uyJG {nfh rMumao;rSDu usif;ycJhaom
cHyJGrsm;wGif pE´,m;twD;a&m yef;csD NydKifyJGwGif y|r qJGcJhol
tqd k y g emrnf &cJ h a om bdvyfjyef yef;csDq&m udkjrifh
tvSbk&ifruav;rSm rdrd\ oef;yif jzpfawmhonf/
½lyg½Hkudk aemuf vlwdkYtm; xdktcsdeftcguqdkvQif....
<um;vdkao;onfh qE´&Sd&Sm yef;csDq&m udkjrifhoef;\ em
ayrnf/ rnfonf wEdkifiHvHk; vlwdkif;
]]tif; ....qJGav....qJGaygh \ yg;pyfzsm;wGif oD;í ae
 cspfa<u;rajy 29
\/ udkjrifhoef;\ t½kyfum; ezl ; jyif t m; vuf 0 g;ES i f h
rsm;\ tqif tjyif rsm;udk ½dkufvdkufNyD; ....
,lum zuf&iS o f pf xGiMf u\/ ]]jrifhoef;vm;/ olç udkudk
yef;csDt&mwGifomru jref wdkYeJY i,foli,fcsif;awGbJ?
rmuAsmvuFmrIüyg uRrf; bdvyfrSmvJ twlwl aevm
usifaom udkjrifhoef;um; wmbJ? taxG;- oGm;csifwJh
uAsmESifh wuGaom yef;csD tcsdefrSmajymav....}}
pmtkyfrsm;udk a&mif;í pD;yGm; ud k 0 if ; armif \ pum;
a&; acsmifvnfcJh\/ tNrJ aMumifh.... cifaraxG;onf
wef; Munfvif NyHK;&Tifum tm;wufrdavonf/ tvdk
touf 0ifaeonfh yef;csD vdkufcg pdwfBudKufudk jznfh
um;rsm;rSm jrifolwdkif; r pGrf;onfh cspfoltm; aMueyf
0,fbJ raeEdkifjzpfcJh&\/ u rd\/
Asm0goemtdk; .... cifaraxG; ]]'gjzifh udkudk0if; 'DuaeY
vnf; udkjrifhoef;\ pmtkyf vdkufydkYygvm;? taxG; w
xGuw f ikd ;f bwfco
hJ l wa,muf a,muf x J a wmh roG m ;&J
jzpfavonf/ bl; ....}}
]]tdk.... bmrsm; aMumuf
]][kd....udkjrifhoef;qdkwJhvl p&m&SdvdkYvJ.... 'Dtaumifu
raumif;bl;vm;....}}[k cif odyf oabmaumif;wJh t
araxG;u.... tp azmfay; aumif.... oleJYawGU&&if aysmf
awmhrS a'gufwm 0if;armif &wmcsnf;bJ? i,fi,f &G,f
rSm owd&vmonfh [efjzifh &G,ef YJ emrnfausmf wa,muf
30 cspfa<u;rajy

jzpf a eayrJ h . ...b,f a wmh r S ]]'gayrJh.... roGm;&Jwm

[efBuD;yefBuD; rvkyb f ;l ? pdwf u- [dk....}}
xm;uvJ El;nHh? tajymtqdk ]]tif; .... bmrsm;ygvdrfh}}
vJ ,Ofaus; ....} [k a'guf ]][dk.... olU rdef;rvm;....
wm 0if;armifu tm;&yg;& bmwJh...MuLMuLqdkwJh rdef;r-
udkjrifhoef;twGuf wm0efcH olYyef;csDum;awGrSm yHkwlqJG
aeonfhwdkifatmif.... wJh rdef;racsmacsm....}
]]tdk; ....'guawmh udkudk ]]atmf.... olvm;? olu
0if;eJYu vnfyif;zufBuD;vm jrifhoef; vef'efudk roGm;cif
wJh i,foli,fcsif;awGudk;}} uwJu jrifhoef;wdkY tar
arG;pm;xm;wJhaumifrav;?
[k cifaraxG;u qifajc
jrifo
h ef; vef'efu jyefvmNyD;
wufaejyefonf/
tzGm;BuD; aooGm;awmh....
]]r[kwfbl;- taxG; ....
olwdkY 2-a,muf usef&pfcJh
'gaMumifh r[kwfygbl;? tck
wm vifr,m; r[kwfao;
rS awGU&wJv h u l v kd J i,faygif;
ygbl;? ol&adS wmhaum bmjzpf
vdk cifrifwwfygw,f? olu
ao;vJ}}
awmh b,folUjzpfjzpf- azmf ]]'d a vmuf acsmvS w J h
azmf a &G a &G b J ? 'gaMumif h r d k Y rd e f ; ra&S U rS m taxG ; wd k Y v d k
Munfhyvm;? olUt½kyfawG t½k y f q d k ; BuD ; u oG m ;&rS m
[m b,fawmhjzpfjzpf Munf &Sufp&mcsnf;}}
Munfvifvif- &Tif&TifNyHK;NyHK; ]]tdk; ....rqdkifwmawGajym
eJYcsnf;bJ....}} aejyefygNyD}}
 cspfa<u;rajy 31
rnfodkYyif wuúodkvfe,f NyD....}} [k a'gufwm 0if;
wGif tvS bk&ifruav;[k armifonf pdwfr&Snf ovdk
aMumfMum;cJhvifhupm; wuJh nnf;avonf/
rdef;racsmrsm;ESifh qufqH þwGifrS ]]tHr,f udkudk
cJhol yef;csDq&mwOD;\ a&SU 0if; pdwfysufawmhaum....
wGif rdrdcE¨mudk,fudk &yfjy&ef bmta&;vJ....}} [k cifar
ta&;rSm cifaraxG;twGuf axG;u &D&DarmarmESifhajym
&SufaoG; 0ifp&myif jzpfav &if; tdyfcef;xJodkY ajy;0if
onf/ a'gufwm 0if;armif oGm;avonf/ rMumrD ]]uJ...
tbdkYwGifum;.... þudprö sdK;ü oGm;MupdkY}} [laom toHESifh
em;rvnfacs/ wuG 2-a,mufom; armf
]]bmvJ.... b,fvdkvJ r awmfum;jzifh xGufvmcJhav
oGm;bl;vm;-oGm;rSmvm;}} onf/
]]b,f o l u roG m ;bl ; uif;bJvrf;rS xGufvm
vdkYajymaevdkYvJ.... oGm;rSm aom armf a wmf u m;onf
aygh ? oG m ;csif v d k Y ajymae ygwf(uf)vrf;twdkif; xGuf
wmudkrsm; ....}} cJhav\/ um;armif;olrSm
cif a raxG ; onf cspf p a'gufwm 0if;armifjzpf\/
bG,f rsufapmif;udk xdk;vdkuf wvrf;vHk; rnfolrS pum;
avonf/ rajymMu? um;onf csmcsD
]]oGm;rSmjzifh vkyfav.... vrf; ukwfudkif;vrf; ,leD
bmvkyfaewmvJ? jyifawmh bmpDwDvrf;twdkif; armif;
av.... pdwfawmif ysufvm um.... urm&Gwf |memvrf;
32 cspfa<u;rajy
qHk;rS jynfvrf;bufodkY csdK; r&rf;ukef; |memudk ausmfcJh
0ifcahJ vonf/ tif;vsm;uef NyD; jynfvrf; a[mfw,fudk
em;a&mufawmhrS cifaraxG; vGefcJh\/ xdkrS vrf;rBuD;\
u pum;pçavonf/ b,fbuf ajreDvrf;uav;
]]b,ftxdawmif oGm; twGif;odkY 0ifcJhavonf/
&rSmvJ ta0;BuD;vm;}} rMumrSD um;onf ykPÖ&dyf
]]udk;rdkifwifyg a&mufcg yif? yef;yif? uGrf;oD;yifwdkY
eD;ygNyD....}} 0ef ; &H x m;aomaMumif h . ...
]]ol tdrfrSm &SdrS&Sdygh r pdef;vef; pdkajyvsuf &Sdonfh
vm;? NrdKUxJrsm; oGm;aea&mh wdkufcHtdrf wvHk;&Sd&modkY 0if
ovm;}} a&mufvm\/ um;&yfvdkuf
]]&Sdygw,f? 'Dtaumifu onfEiS w hf NydKifeuf tdrw f iG ;f rS
t½kyfqJG- pma&;ae&r,fqdk cifaraxG;ESifh rwdrf;r,drf;
&if b,frSroGm;bl;? 'Dt rde;f rwa,muf xGuv f mum
vkyf[m olUtbdkY taysmfqHk; ]]tud k a v;eJ Y awG U csif v d k Y
bJ....}} vm;&Si?f bmudpyö gvJ}}[k qD;
cifaraxG;um; 0rf;om BudK EIwfquf\/ cifaraxG;
ae[ef&Sdaomfvnf; vefYpdwf um;.... rsufESmudk jrif½HkrQESifh
raysmufao;acs? udkjrifhoef; udkjrifhoef;\ yef;csDum;wGif
wa,mufxJ&Sd&if awmfyg jrif&aeus- MuLMuLrSef; od
ao;&JU .... MuLMuLyg &SdaerS avonf/
jzifh....ponfjzifh &ifw'dwf ]][kww f ,f.... udjk rifo
h ef;
'dwf ckefae\/ um;onf &Sdovm;....}}
 cspfa<u;rajy 33
]][kwfuJh.... &Sdygw,f.... oifhpGm ajymae&mrS cifar
<uyg... 0ifcyhJ g- tudak v;... axG;tm; aocsmpGm Munfh
a[m'DrSm.... {nfhonfawG av\/
vmaew,f....}} ]]at;uGm.... vef'efu
MuLMuLonf jymjymovJ jyefvmuwJu ckrS awGU&
udkjrifhoef; &Sd&modkY vSrf;ac: awmhw,f? olvm; rif;eJY
avonf/ csujf cif;yif udjk rifh aphpyfxm;w,fqdkwm....}}
oef; xGufvm\/ t½kyfqJG ]]at;.... [kwfw,f}}
aecdkufjzpf[efwlaom udkjrifh ]]b,folwJh.. rcifaraxG;
oef;onf taemuf EkdifiH rcifaraxG; .... owif;pmxJ
om; yef;csDq&mBuD;rsm; 0wf rSmygwm.... reJ rSwfxm;&
avh&Sdonfh tuÐs&SnfBuD;udk w,f/ [m; ....[m; ... 'gjzifh
0wfxm;\/ rsufcHk;aumif; r*Fvmaqmifus&if vufzUGJ bdYk
rsuf v H k ; jyL;jyL; ES m wH a y: &Smxm;rSbJ}}
ay:ESifh a'gufwm 0if;armif 0rf ; omtm;& ajymae
avmuf r0aomfvnf; nD aom udkjrifhoef;\ pum;
ñG w f a om ud k , f v H k ; &S d o l aMumifh.... cifaraxG; &Suf
udkjrifhoef;um; vlacsm w aoG;0ifrdav\/
a,muf jzpfavonf/ ]]uJ . ... xd k i f M uygtH k ; ?
]][m.... 0if;armifBuD; igh MuLMuLa&.... aumfzDazsmfcJh
b,folawGvJvdkY....}} yguG,f....}}
udkjrifhoef;um; tHhtm; axG&mav;yg;ajymqdkae
34 cspfa<u;rajy
cJhMu&mrS taxG;\ udpö t 'Du MuLMuLu tckrS oif
wGuf pum; pçMuavonf/ wH;k &Sad o;w,f.... odyrf wwf
]]atmf.... qJGwmaygh.... &S m ao;bl ; ? uRef a wmf v J
2-&uf 3-&ufeJY NyD;yg w,f? 0goemawmh ygyg&JU.... oD
waeYud k wem&D a vmuf csif;avmufbJ qdkwwfw,f?
vmygvm; .... qJGay;yghr,f twD;awmh bmrS r&bl;....
vmEdkifw,f r[kwfvm;....}} vkyfygAsm....pE´,m;vJ &Sdyg
]][kwfuJh- vmEdkifygw,f w,f....}}
&Sif....}}
]]'gjzifh yD;wmbJ? atmf ]]uJ...uJ.... wD;jyvdkuf
'gxuf cifAsm; pE´,m;wD; ygtaxG;&m? olu yef;csDeJY
wwfw,f r[kwfvm; vkyf emrnf,lawmh... taxG;u
prf;ygAsm.... tysif;ajy....}} vJ *DwynmeJY <um;vdkuf
udkjrifhoef;onf &TifNyHK; wmaygh....[J....[J....[J....}}
pGm awmif;yefavonf/ cif
araxG;onf ½kww f &uf vefY a'gufwm 0if;armifu
oGm;um....]]taxG;.... odyfr &D&Darmarm wdkufwGef;jyef
wwfygbl;...}}[k jiif;av\/ onf? udkjrifhoef; uvnf;
]]td k A sm....vk y f p rf ; ygAs? 'DvdkayghAsm? wwfwJh ynm
vlom tckrS awGUbl;&ayrJh raeomaygh-[k awmif;yef
cifAsm;&JU owif;awGuawmh ae&um; .... cifaraxG;rSm r
wuúodkvf w0dkufrSm awmf wwfomawmhbJ.... pE´,m;
awmf uav; ysHUaewmbJ? &S&d modYk xGuv
f m&awmhonf/
 cspfa<u;rajy 35

cspfaw;csdKcsdK ]]uRefr tck ywfysdK;xJu

wufaew,f [k]d ajzavQmhacG}
pE´,m;tzHk;onf yGifhvm qdkwm &w,fr[kwfvm;}}
um jzLazG ; aom pE´ , m; MuLMuL onf ½dkao pGm
cvk w f r sm;ay:wG i f cif a r ar;&if;u eHab;bufwiG f 0if
axG;\ EkaxG;aom vuf í xdkifvdkufavonf/
acsmif;uav;rsm;onf vIyf ]][kwfuJh &ygw,f? uJ
&Sm;pçjyKvm\/ q&m qdkayawmh....}}
]]atmf.... MuLMuLa&.... taxG;onf pE´,m;udk
vmyguG.... 'DrSm wD;uGuf wD;pjyKavonf/
uav; .... bmav; twkcdk; ]]ajzavQmhacG
&atmif....}} &dSau &Sd&Sifxm;oy
pE´,m;oHtMum;rS xGuf av....
ay:vmaom udkjrifhoef;\ rkedpdaEÅ ....
toHESifh ra&S;raESmif;yif.... y&arudk,fawmfzsm;
]][kwfuJh-vmygNyD udkav;}} i,fhav; ....}}
[l a om MuLMuL\ toH atmifjrif cefYnm;aom
xGufay:vmavonf/ udkjrifhoef;\ toHonf pE´
]]uJ-tck MuLMuL wuf ,m;oHESifh a&m>yrf;um w
aewJh oDcsif;udk wD;jyyg aemf cef;vHk;udk [def;apavonf?
uRefawmfqdkyghr,f....}} wD;uGuf tjynfhjzifh usif
]]MuLMuLu bmoDcsif; vnf p G m wD ; aeonf h pE´
wufaevdkYvJ....}} ,m;oHrSm em;axmifí rNiD;
36 cspfa<u;rajy

EdkifcJh? ywfysKd; wyk'fvHk;rSm &if ; ES D ; ol c sif ; yD y D csD ; rG r f ;

vGrf;qGwfaMuuGJbG,f&m p ovdkvdkESifh ESufvdkuf\/
um;vHk;rsm;jzifh jynfhESufae ]]td.k ...'guawmh cifAsm; rS
onfhjyif qdkaeol rSmvnf; 0goem rygbJ u d k ; uRef
u½kPm oH ygae&um; ... awmfwdkY tbdkYrSmawmh wuJh
Mum;&olwYkd rmS NyD;qH;k onfukd udk MunfEl; wmbJ/ uJ MuL
yif owdrxm;rdawmhacs/ MuL rusifvnfao;wJh t
oHk;bHkwdkufjyif? yd'k u
f kd jyefjyckid ;f av? aeygtH;k
,rdkufvQif a&mif&Sdef [dkae&m bmwJh]cspfolç i,f
a0onfh? olum;ç a0;ygayghbk&m; ....
pdaEÅ,smzsm;/ axGjym; opömqdkolç arwåm
,drf;vJSUrMuHK ndKrlç nD;NyD xifhav; .... aoG
pdrf;rJhyHk olay:aygh &Sm;jypfcmG opömqdo k l &SNd yDxifh
trIawmf [efyef & av; .... qdkwmrSm MuLMuL
atmif wD ; wmxuf tuG u f pd y f
rdIif;rygvm;/ / w,f? jyefvkyfprf;ygtHk; ....}}
ojzefjzifth qH;k owfvu kd f 0goem ygolwdkY tbdkY
avonf/ wGif aysmf&TifMunfEl;aeMuo
]]tif; ....aumif;ygay&JU avmuf 0goem ryg ol
Asm; 'gayrJh usKyfawmh r a'gufwm0if;armifrSm ysif;
BudKufbl; ....}} vmawmhonf/ wjznf;jznf;
a'gufwm 0if;armifu vuf&Jvmaom cifaraxG;
 cspfa<u;rajy 37
onfyif udk,fh tqdkESifh udk,fh vmwmaygh}} [knaeapmif;
twD; jzpfvm\/ cJ h í ud k 0 if ; armif u avm
]]a[; bdk;0if;armif rif; awmhrS cifaraxG;vnf; x
wu,f uHaumif;wJh t avawmhonf/ tjyefwGif
aumifbJ? rif;rcifaraxG;eJY cifaraxG;\ vufuu kd ikd u
f m
&wm aumfwmbJuGm bm MuLMuLu tr&if;yrm vdkuf
jzpfvdkY olUudk apmapmuwJ ydkY&Sm\/
u igeJY rdwfqufray; o ]]rraxG ; aemuf u d k v J
vJ? apmapmu od&if b,f vmtHk;aemf....}}
avmuf aumif;vdrrhf vJ toH xdak eYrpS í w&ufjcm; ESpf
uvJ wu,f&Sm; "mwfjym; &ufjcm; ponfjzifh cifar
oGif;ygvm;[if? udk,fhtwD; axG ; a&muf v mwwf a v
eJYudk,fhtqdkjzpfjzpf? cifAsm; onf/ wem&D ausmfausmfrQ
twD;eJY uRefawmhtqdkjzpf yHkwla&;qJGí usefonfhtcsdef
jzpf ]][if "mwfjym;oGif; r rsm;wG i f u m; pE´ , m;wD ;
vm; vkyfyg? "mwfjym; ukrÜ oDcsi;f qdMk ujcif; jzifoh m ukef
PDrSm uRefawmh todawG&Sd vGefapcJhavonf/
ygw,f....}} ]]vmygAsm aeYwd k i f ; vJ
udkjrifhoef;\ pdwfa&m tm;&if v mygaemf ? uRef
ud,k yf g cs;D rGr;f oHwYkdvnf; ql awmfwdkYawmh cifAsm;udk odyf
nHcJh\/ cifaeMubD? MuLMuLujzifh
]]uJ jyefMupdkY awmfa&m cifAsm;taMumif;udk cP c
aygh aemufrS wa,mufxJ P ajym&Smw,f}} paom p
38 cspfa<u;rajy
um;wdkYonf cifaraxG;\t ]]MuLMuLom r[kwfbl;
ay:wGif xm;&Sdonfh udkjrifh udkav;vJ ola&mufvmwJh
oef;ESihf MuLMuLwdYk \ arwåm aeYupNyD; olUrsufESmuav;
"mwfudk azmfxkwf&m jy,k*f udkom tNrJwef; jrifa,mif
rsm;jzpfcJhavNyD/ aerdw,f/ olrvmwJh aeY
]]tudkav; ....}} us&if udkav;&ifxJrSm bm
]]bmwHk; MuLMuL&JU}} jzpfrSef;vJ rodbl; [mwm
]]rraxG;[m ½kyfacsmo wmeJY....}}
avmuf oabmaumif ; udkjrifhoef;\ toJ ESvHk;
w,faemf....}} Mum;rS xGufay: vmaom
]]bmjzpf v d k Y v J MuLMuL pum;rsm;onf EIwfzsm; odkY
&JU....}} ra&mufrD vnfacsmif;xJwGif
]]bmjzpfvdkY&,fawmh r wpfqdkY aysmufuG,foGm;o
[kwfygbl; MuLMuLav olU jzifh tjyifodkY xGufrvmbJ
udk jrifjrifcsif; tr&if;vdkbJ oufjyif; csoH omvQif vQH
cifrifrdw,f/ ightr t&if;
xGufívm\/ jyif;xefaom
jzpf & if aumif ; rS m bJ v d k Y
oufjyif;csoHaMumifh MuL
awmif a wG ; NyD ; jzpf y gap
MuLonf vefYí oGm;av\/
awmhvdkY qkawmif;rdw,f}}
]]'gayrJhav MuLMuLu
udkjrifhoef;um; jyHK;&if;
awmh udkav;eJY ae&wmudk
ai;ae\/ cifaraxG;\ 0if;
b,fawmhrS rysif;bl;? udk
yaom o@mefonf rsuf
av;vJ MuLMuLeJY ae&wm
vHk;xJü &pf0Jí vm\/
 cspfa<u;rajy 39
pd w f c srf ; omw,f v d k Y xif um; azsmufzsufí r&Edkif
w,f....}} &Sm....
MuLMuL bmudkqdkvdkonf trSm;trSef? xdkESpf
[k udkjrifhoef;rpOf;pm; wwf wefudk/
cJh/ a0bef ydkif;jcm;? od
MuLMuLum; pum;eJow l wwfjim;avmh/
a,muf jzpfavonf/ pm pdwfxm;jzLpifMunf
bwfjcif; pE´,m;wD;jcif; vifESvHk;?
tdrfaxmifrI xdef;odrf;jcif; &TifcsdKjyHK;um?aetyf
wdYk onf MuLMuL\aeYpOf0wå pGmwnfh/
&m;rsm;jzpf\/ wcgw&H udk ylAsmygpGJ rsufvHk;xJ
jrifhoef;u udpö&Sdí ac:rS rd wGif
rdtcef;rS xGufvmum vsif ykvJaiGO? rsuf&nfpk
jref jzwfvwfpGm udkjrifhoef; wdkY?
cdkif;orQudk vdkufem aMu>yef usvk eD;rQ? aqG;cJh&
pGm aqmif&u G w
f wfavonf/ vnf;
aomurxm;?w&m;
]][kwfw,f- [kwfw,f oHa0?
ud k a v; tbd k Y r S m MuLMuL
pdwfudkajzcJh/ /
avmuf cspfwo hJ rl &Sad o;bl;}}
udkjrifhoef;onf azmif
ud k j rif h o ef ; onf av; wdefudk ab;odkY csvdkufNyD;....
av;BuD; ajymvdkuf\/ odkY ]]'DrSm taxG;cP}} [kac:
aomf cifaraxG;\ ½lyg½Hk av\/
40 cspfa<u;rajy
]]bwfMunfhprf;ygtHk;}} um ai;í Munfhrdonfh txd
ud k j rif h o ef ; \ awmuf vSyayonf[k ausmfMum; ol
ajymif pl;,Saom rsufvHk; wa,muf u d k vuf u d k i f
'gPfudk cifaraxG;rSm rcH xm;olu rdrdtm; þuJhodkY
Edkifojzifh uAsmudk zwfNyD; ajymaeonfrSm ajymifavSmif
acgif;iHkUae\/ jcif; ayavm[k awG; awm
]]aemufvmrJh yef;csDjrifh rdjyefonf/
oef;&JU yHkawG[m taxG; ]]'gvJ [kwfygw,f 'g
&J U yH k a wG c snf ; bJ jzpf a wmh ayrJh 'DrSmMunfhygtHk; ....}}
r,f....}} udkjrifhoef;onf azmif
]][if-taxG;xuf vSwJh wdefudk aumufíudkifuma&;
olawG &Sdom;eJY[m....}} jyefavonf/
cifaraxG;onf txdwf
wvefY ajzav\/ ,ckvuf oligqdkvSpf?xdktcspf
&Sd vufpGJawmf MuLMuLyif.... um;?
rdrdxuf vGefpGm vSyol w tppf rSefpGm? b,f
a,muf[k awG;xifrdonfht aomtcgrS?
wdkif; ajzjcif; jzpf\/ þt csrf;om okc? rBuHK&
csdeftxd yef;csD jrifhoef;\ wnfh?
t½kyfum;wdkif;wGif MuLMuL avmu wHxGm?rae
yg0if a eonf r[k w f yg omí?
avm/ udkjrifhoef;ESifh awGUqHk ighrSmcspfyJG? 0ifumETJ
&ef vmolwdkif; tHhtm;oifh rd?
 cspfa<u;rajy 41
ajzvJrajy?aqG;pdwf jyLwif;aygufrS wkd;0ifvm
a0cJh/ aom av½l;wdkYaMumifh cif
rsuf&nf puf vuf? araxG;\ ezl;&Sq d ,
H OfwYkdvyI f
0rf;enf;vsufom? &Sm;vsuf&Sd\/
odkYjzpfygvnf;? 0g ]]uJ- a&mhav bwfprf;
oemaMumifh? ygtHk; ....}}
udkifumpkwfwH? a&; udkjrifhoef;onf azmif
rnfhMuHwdkif;? wdefudk a'gufueJrnfatmif
xuf,Hewf&Gm? bHk csvdkufcg oufjyif;wcsufcs
uvmaom/ vdkuf\/ uAsmudk bwf&if;
olZm ewfEG,f? vS cifaraxG;onf vufawGwHk
rsdK;<u,f\? &ifawGcHkvm\/ csufjcif;yif
wifh w,f vS pGm? ESpfa,mufxJ &Sdaeonfudk
o@mefomvQif? owdjyKrdum &SufaoG;awG
b,fcgrysuf? ay: jzmvm\/ jzL0if;aom rsuf
umxGufcJh/ / ES m uav;rS m yef ; Ek a &mif
qdyfNidrfvsuf &Sdaom aeY oef;í vmawmh\/ tjcm;
vnfcsed jf zpfc\ hJ / qdyNf idrof nfh olwa,mufuom þvdk u
þtcsdef0,f pum;oH uif; AsmrsdK;udk vmay;ygu cif
rJah om tcef;wGiüf um; puúL araxG;onf xdkoltm; xk
ay:wGif a&;jcpfae onfh axmif; ukwfzJhum pm&Guf
epf o G m ;\ toH o m udkvnf; qkwfajcNyD; awGUu
xGuaf y:vsu&f \ dS / xdt k cdu
k f &m ajymypfrnfvm; rvJGacs/
42 cspfa<u;rajy
odkY&mwGif ,ckrSmrl cifar ydkcJhw,f/ ausmif;aebuf&JU
axG;u bmrS jyefrajymbJ ZeD; avmif;qdkNyD; b,fvdk
qdwq f w d of m aerdavonf/ bJpdwfudk ajzcJhayrJh rajyEkdif
]]t[kwf udkbJ cifAsm; cJ h b l ; ? rvef Y y geJ Y Asm..../
[m [kdewfbHk ajcmufxyfu uRefawmf bmrS rvkyfygbl;}}
bH k B ud K ;jywf N yD ; usvmwJ h ]]uReaf wmf csprf w d m [m
ewfrdr,f uav;bJ? olZm taxG ; vS v d k Y toH
tEG,f0ifuav;rdkY uRefawmf aumif;vdkY r[kwfbl;/ t
wdkYvdk vlawGeJY rtyfpyfbl; oJESvHk;xJu cJGxGuf vmwJh
reD;pyfEkdifbl;? 'gayrJh uRef uRefawmh tcspf[m ta&
awmf auseyfygw,f? uRef jym; EI w f c rf ; rsm; ay:rS m
awmf[m rdef;rawG trsm; wnf a ewm r[k w f b l ; /
BuD;eJY qufqH bl;cJhw,f/ taxG;&JU pdwx f m;awG udk
rdef;rawGudk rdwfaqG zJGUbl;cJh ESpfoufw,f/ *kPfoa& udk
w,f/ b,f rdef;rrS uRef av;pm;w,f / 'gh a Mumif h
awmhpdwfudk Mum&Snf Munf uRefawmfb,fvdkbJ aqG;&ç
El;atmif rwwfEdkifMubl;/ aqG ; &ç aqG ; aer,f / r
b,fawmhrS aumif;usdK; r aMumufygeJYAsm uRefawmf
ay;wmawGrdkY awmfawmfbJ opöm&Sdygw,f/ 'Dtpm; t
pdwfemaerdw,f/ 'DtwGif; ck u pa&;wJ h y H k a wG r S m t
taxG;eJYvmawGU&w,f/ t axG;&JUyHkawGudkom qJGyg&
axG;tay:udk eJeJuav; rS apaemf....cGifhjyKygaemf....}}
rrkef;wJhtjyif tMuifemawG ]]tJ ' gbJ u Ref a wmh r S m
 cspfa<u;rajy 43
ajzp&m &Sad wmhw,f/ a&m[eD vHk;wGif rsuf&nfawG 0dkif;ae
ewforD;udk cspfrdMuwJh od \/ cifaraxG;um; bmrQjyef
Mum;rif;eJY wuG ewfom; rajymacs/ ykvJOyrm Munf
av;OD;[m ewforD;udk cspfrd vifaom rsufa&rsm;onf
vdkY cHpm;&wJh 'ku©udk b,f yg;jyifwavQmufpD;vmvsuf
vdkOyrmeJY EdIif;,SOfvdkYrS r& &Sd\/
&SmMubl;/ udrHÁ½k ewfrif;BuD; ]]uJ....ESifw,fvJrxifyg
&JUorD; ol&, d 0pHo ä mewforD; eJ Y -jyef y gawmh A sm- aemf
udk cspfrw d hJ yOöoH cD ewfapmif; aemufudk wa,mufxJ rvm
orm;[m;vJ tJ'D cspf'ku©t &if aumif;r,f]][k acsiHpGm
wGuf b,fvdk apmif;csif;awG idkoHygjzifh ajymNyD;rS wzef
zJGUvdkYrS tcspf&JU yrmPudk ]]tdkç aeygtHk;av aemufudk
xifxif&Sm;&Sm; rodovdk? wa,mufxJvJ vmwmaygh
uRefawmfvJ uRefawmh&ifxJ aemf vmom vmyg/ tif;ç
rSm jzpfaewmawGudk taxG; uRefawmfawmh ola,mifreJY
em;vnfatmif &Sif;rjywwf awGUcJw h hJ qifjzL&Sirf if;vdjk zpf
awmhbl; ....}} aeNyD-[if; ....}}
&ifxJ 0rf;xJuomru? qHyifpkwfzGm; jzpfaeaom
½kd;wGif;csOfqDuxGufvm[ef OD;acgif;udk av;aq;pGm &rf;
wlaom pum;oHrsm; jzpfav &if; ukvm;xdkifay:odkY BudK;
onf/ pdwx f w J iG f &So
d rQukd w jywfomG ;onfh t½kyyf rm vJr
Budrwf nf;ESihf tHxw k f ae\/ wwfxikd cf svu kd \
f / xdak eYrS p
ol\awmufajymifonfh rsuf í cifaraxG;um;-ay:rvm
44 cspfa<u;rajy
awmhacs/ cifaraxG;onf udk ydkif;uyg vufzsm;cgavmuf
jrifhoef;tbdkYwGif trSefyif atmif aumif;vSojzifh wkd;
xuf&yfewf&mG u usvmonfh wufaeonfhemrnfrSm t
olZmewfEG,fuav;obG,f wdkif;xuftvGef ausmfMum;
jzpfawmhonf/ vm\/ udjk rifo h ef;azmufonf
wdkYum; tajymif;tvJ jrefvS
cspfoHo, onfh udjk rifoh ef;\ vuf&mudk
tHhtm;oifhrdMuonf/ ,cif
&Gufopf ajymif;onfh w uyHkrsm;wGif yg0ifaomMuL
aygif;vrSonf wHcl;uqHke MuLuJhodkYyifvSyaomfvnf;
,kefaEGçav;vukefMuL;um- 0rf;enf; a&mifoef;aeonfh
0gqdkOD;odkY ul;cJh&mü 0gacgif trlt&m&Sifuav;tm;odvdk
awmfovif;odkYyif wdkifcJhNyD/ vmMu\/
udkjrifhoef;um;- cifar ]]yef;csDq&mjrifo h ef;wdYk u
axG;\ yHkrsm;udkom qJGvsuf awmhç r'Dwa,mufwkd;&if yHk
&Sdav\/ wrsdK;ajymif;oGm;'gbJa[h}}
]]BudKufrdolrSm}}....]]rajz paom pum;oHrsm;yif NrdKUxJ
wJhwwfNyD....}}paom tvGrf; wGif ysHUESYHcJh\/
uAsmpmtkyfwdkYrSm cifaraxG; xdkpum; rSefvSayonf/
\ ½kyyf rkH sm;ESiw
hf uGay:xGuf pifppfrmS udjk rifo
h ef;onf i,f
cJ\
h / cspaf ESmiftrd çf axmifcsKd ifh pOfuyif rdef;r rdwfaqGayg
wGifrS rvGwfuif;EdkifMuao; rsm;cJh\/ tm0ZÆmef;&Tifjcif;?
onfh vli,fyidk ;f ua&mvlBuD; pdwfoabmxm;El;nHhodrfarGU
 cspfa<u;rajy 45
jcif;? tNrJwef;MunfvifNyHK; rd e f ; rrsm;onf t&d y f y rm
&Tiv f suf &Sjd cif;wdYk aMumifah wGU ygaeMu\/
jriforQusm;çrra&G;cifrifMu trSeftm;jzifhqdkaomf þ
\/ol\ Eke,faompdw?f tm; odkY tvGeftrif; pdwfnpf&
emwwfaompdw-f vdu k af vsm jcif; taMumif;&if;rSm t
wG,fwmwwfaom pdwfrsm; vGefw&m aysmfcJhjcif; aysmfvdk
aMumifh? rMumrMum- xdkt jcif;wdkYaMumifh jzpfayonf/
aygif;toif;xJrSmwGif o'¨g yifudk,fu ]]ravsmh rwif;
vGefí b,muRHcJh\/ udav apmif;BudK;n§if;ç wHigvkvif
omcspfEiS hf ½d;k ½d;k cifrifpw
d rf sm; rQm;BudK;iif}}qdkouJhodkY rydk
\wdu k yf w
GJ Yko
d nf ol\&ifwiG ;f vGef; ravsmhvGef; omrefrQ
ü rMumrMum ppfwvif;zGichf hJ avmufaom tcspf pdwfrsdK;
\/ rdef;rrIaMumifh tBuD;t jzifhom cifrifcJhygvQif xkdrQ
us,f pdwfnpfcg q,fwef; aomuu zdpD;? ylrD; jzma0?
pmar;yJGwGifvnf; us½SHK;cJh taqG;awGayGp&mtaMumif;
bl;\/ wa,mufq;kd ½HEk iS hf w r&SEd ikd af y/ rMumuav;cifu
rsdK;vH;k udk rmefo;kH &ef roif[ h k rS ]]rdef;r[lorQ aumif;usdK;
,lqum þwa,mufrl... ray;Muygwum;}}[k yl
awmfayvdrrhf nf[k tjcm; w avmifonfh toJqkdifESifh w
a,mufEiS hf ta&mw0ifaejyef uG aemifwçw&m; 0ifcJhum
\/ vef'efodkY yef;csD ynm MuLMuLrS wyg; rnfonfh
oifomG ;cJNh yD; jyefvmítvkyf rdef;rESifhrS taygif;toif;r
vkyfonf txd ae&m wum vkyfawmhbJ at;aq;pGmae
46 cspfa<u;rajy
cJhpOfwGif cifaraxG;ESifh awGU 0if;armifyif jzpfawmh\/ odkY
í tema[mif;<uum rdrd aMumifhyif onf;rcHEdkifawmh
pdwu f kd rxde;f odr;f Edik jf zpfc\
hJ / onfh waeYwGif....cifaraxG;
udkjrifhoef;\ ylavmifae &S&d modYk xGuv
f mrdawmhonf/
aom toJESvHk;ü usa&muf
Í Í Í
vsuf&Sdonfh cifaraxG;tm;
pGJvef;rI csdwfcJuav;um;
b,fenf;ESifhrS cGmír&awmh crf;wGif;&dyfom r,f
NyD? odkYjzpfav&m udkjrifhoef; tdyf&m....
tcspfrD; tavmifcH&onfrSm aevJpdwfrSmnpfawmh
þ tBudro f m r[kwaf cs? þ om....
odYkjzpfavwkid ;f vnf; ol\ t xGucf mG oGm;vJ raysmf
½kyfum;rsm;onf ajymif;vJcJh ygbJ....
\/ oD;jcm;pdw0f ,f? wdwf
]][kdwHk;u MuLMuLav; wdwfu,f....
b,fvdkrsm; ae&Smygvdrfh t aevJjcm;ES,f? csm
ck ieJruvJ tedyf xJubJ/ csmvnf....
w,faygwJhyef;csDq&mudk;-}} tk y f a wG a omaom?
NrdKUol NrdKUom; wdkUum; ol awmfcsif;aESm....
wdkYpdwfü xif&mudk ajymae ES D ; aES m ajyma[m
Mucdkuf olrsm;xuf xkdt ajz....
ajymif;tvJu G kd owdxm;rdum tvGrf;i,fylonf;
a'gyGaeolum; a'gufwm tlcsmuav....
 cspfa<u;rajy 47
oJxJrSmql? ylyif yl a'gufwm 0if;armifonf
csnfhav; .... wbufowf a'gyGae\/
waomif; ajrjyifpdk; pum; ,Gif;awmfrlcJh
onfh&Sif.... av....
,OfEGJUEGJUav; .... oem; uif;awmfrlcJh
t½l;vdkyif r,fhpdwf av....
rSmxif.... rdeYf awmfom rlavNrJ-
jrifygvSJUvJSUav; .... aoG w nf h aoG v S e f
Munfvifom,mpGm bJ....
xG u f a y:vsuf & S d a om pE´ Muifemom uJygvdkY?
,m; oH r S m cgwd k i f ; vd k y if qJ&G pfacGavavwnfh
cifaraxG;wdkY tdrfqDodkY 0if rS qJG&pfacG....
vmonf h a'guf w m 0if ; ]]taxG;çtaxG; .... 'DrSm
armiftm; qD;BudK EIwfquf MunfhygtHk; ....}}
Muavonf/ udk0if;armifonf vuf
]]tif; ....rif;wdkY rdef;rawG xJrS t½kyfum; tcsdKUudk pE´
[m 'Dvdk twD;trIwf tEk ,m; cHkeHab;odkY ypfcsvdkufcg
t,OfawGeJY aysmfbdkYavmuf ukvm;xkdif wckwGif 0ifí
om wwfwmbJ? pE´,m;cHk xkdifav\/
eab;rSm [kdtaumifeJY b,f ]]bmrsm;vJ.... udkudk0if;
ESpfcg yvl;NyD;cJh MuNyDvJrS &JU vefYvdkufwm....}}
rodbJ.... [if; ....}} cifaraxG;onf pE´,m;
48 cspfa<u;rajy

wD;ae&mrS uAsmq&mxum taxG ; onf at;aq;

t½kyu f m;rsm;udk aumuf,í l pGmyif ajzcJh\/
Munfhavonf/ ]]bm- olzmomol qJG
]]bmjzpf v d k Y vJ - ud k u d k wm taxG; tvdk wlw,f
0if;&JU}} ayghav? 'Dvdkqdkawmh taxG;
a'gufwm0if;armifum; [m yH k w l t qJ G c H w J h rd e f ; r
awmf a wmf E S i f h pum;rjyef pm;xJu jzpfraebl;vm;....
ao;? tawmf M umawmh r S tckNrdKUxJrSm bmawGajymae
]]'gudk taxG; auseyfae Muw,frSwfovJ....}}
]]'g[m taxG ; &J U yH k
w,fayghav....}} [k tm;,l
rSef; b,folawGu vmod
íxGuv f m[efwal om pum;
rSmvJ udkudk0if;&JU aemuf
oHjzifh ar;avonf/
yD; ....}}
]]bmvJ udkudk0if;&JU t
]]td k . ... aemuf y D ; awG
axG;&JU ½kyfyHkawG twGuf
bmawG vkyfraeygeJY? uJ...'D
vm; ....}} taumifhqDudk oGm;NyD; t
]][kwfw,f tckwavm axG;yHkudk rqJGygeJYvdkY oGm;r
jrifhoef;&JU t½kyfum;awG ajymbl;vm;.... ajymrvm;}}
rSm taxG;&JU yHkawGcsnf;bJ ]]tdk- b,fajymvdkYaumif;
r[kwfvm;....}} rvJ....}}
]] [if....olUzmomol qJG ]]'gjzif h & if v J yD ; a&m?
wm taxG; ....b,fwwfEkdif oGm;r,f? 'Du taumifrSm
yghrvJ....}} awmhcspfvGef;vdkY bmrqdk t
 cspfa<u;rajy 49

vdk vdkufcJhw,f/ awmfygay ra,mif awmufajymif pdk

&JUuGm rif;wdkY vkyfyHkawG....}} &Trf;aom rsufvHk;BuD; u
a'guf w m 0if ; armif v,f uv,f j zif h oem;
onf ajcvSrf;udk cyfjyif;jyif; pzG,f awmif;yef ae[efESifh
eif;um xGufíoGm;awmh\/ idkoHygBuD;wdkYrSm rsufvHk;xJ
cifaraxG;um; .... pdwfqdk; em;xJrS rxGufEdkifcJh? aemuf
&efudkvnf; owdr&? qHw qH k ; wG i f u m; ]]cuf w ,f ç
yifwif;ç cspfjcif;vlvk? qdk cufw,f... ud0k if;armifuvJ
onfhyrm r,m;a&;ESifh ywf toJpGJ cspfcJh&SmvdkY aphpyf
oufvmygu oabmxm; awmifxm;NyD? 'Djcm;xJ udk
rBuD;Edkifavmufatmif cspf jrifhoef;uvJ pGJrdpGJ&m jzpfae
pdwfrTefaeol a'gufwm 0if; &SmNyD? tdk....cifaxG; N*dKvfarT
armif twGuf u½kPm ouf wmyg at;at; ae&if
rdavonf? wzef udjk rifo h ef; taumif;om;eJY t
bufudk pOf;pm;vdkufjyefyg vum; yHkqJGoGm;cHrdw,f}}
vnf; ]]tckupNyD; a&;o [k b,folrjyK rdrdrI qkdouJh
rQ t½kyfawGrSm cifAsm;&JU odkY rdrd udk,fudkom tqdk;cs
yHkudk xnfhyg&apAsm? uRef &mu oufjyif;awGzrkd su&f nf
awmftbdkYrSm 'gbJ ajzp&m awG ,d k q if ; í vmawmh
&Sdawmhw,f? cGifhjyKygAsmaemf onf/
qJ G y g&apawmh . ...}} [k þodkYvQif cifaraxG;rSm
a,muf s m; wef r J h id k a wmh tEk o , taMumif ; cH w d k Y
50 cspfa<u;rajy
aMumif h ork ' , ajAmif um;awG ajymaewmvJ [if
qefum ½IyfaxG; qef;Mu,f rif; ....}}
vSonfh tcspf 'Pfudk rcHr ]]ajymyg&ap oli,fcsif;
&yfEdkif aomuawG vdIifae ig[mrif;&JUausmif;aebuf
cdkuf0,f? ykxkZOf obm0 qd k w mvJ owd x m;tH k ; rS
aygh....}}
tcspf 0 J w G i f ; rS rvJ G r
a&SmifEdkifao;ojzifh aomu ]]bm-ausmif ; aebuf
ab;BuHKae&onfh yef;csD q vJ/ rif;&JU pD;yGm;&SmwJhtvkyf
&m udkjrifhoef;\ tdrfwGif twGuf igh tbdkYrSm b,f
a'gufwm 0if;armifESifh udk avmufepfemovJ *kPfi,f
jrifhoef;wdkYrSmvnf; .... p&m jzpfaeovJ/ oGm;... bm
]][if-bmjzpfvdkYvJ ol oli,fcsif;rSvJ r[kwfbl;/
i,fcsif;&,f? igav rif;a&SU vrf;jzwfNyD....aemufudk 'Dt
rSmbJ ajymawmhr,f? ig t axG;&JU t½kyfawGudkvJ rqJG
axG ; ud k tawmf b J cspf r dygeJY xGDç vl*kPfwef om;
w,f? 'Dvdkrdef;rrsdK; tay: orD;&JU ½kyf&nfudk vlwum
rSm 'DvdkpdwfrsdK; xm;cJhwm a&mif;pm;NyD; aiG&Sm....}}
[m ig woufrSm y|rt ]][if-vrf;jzwfw,f....
BudrfbJ/ ig wu,f cspfwm vrf;jzwfw,fvm;? 'gawmh
yguG/ 'gayrJh....}} rwwfEkdifbl;/ tdk....'gbJ
aumif;ygw,f....}}
]]wd w f a [h - a[h a umif ud k j rif h o ef ; um; at;
wdwfuG? bmopömr&SdwJh p at;aq;aq;yif/
 cspfa<u;rajy 51
]]at;uGm taxG;udk o ]]xGD wBudwfxJ wOmPf
em;ygw,f/ tvdk vdkufyg xJawG....}}
uGm? ,k,yguGm olESpfouf trSeftm;jzifh a'gufwm
wJh*DwynmvJ wdk;yGm; yg 0if;armifESifh udkjrifhoef; wdkY
apuG,f....}} rSm cav;t&G,f i,fpOfu
]]tdk; ....[dk;....[kd;....udk,f yif wausmif;xJü wwef;
eJY rqdkifwmawG ajymae? ig xJ aevmcJholrsm; jzpf\/
eJY r*FvmaqmifNyD;&if rif; q,f w ef ; pmar;yJ G w G i f
qJGxm;cJhwJh t½kyfawG rSefo a'gufwm 0if;armifu t
rQ rD;eJY½dIUypfr,f/ 'Dç rif; &ifatmifcJhojzifh ESpfa,muf
eJYydkNyD; cifrifapwJh pE´,m; om; uG J o G m ;cJ h a omf v nf ;
wD;wmudkvJ &yfcdkif;r,f/ a'gufwm0if;armif vef'ef
oGm;NyD-tJ'g aemufqHk;awGU odkY aq;ynmoif oGm;onfh
jcif;bJ....}} tcsdefwGif udkjrifhoef;yg yef;
ajcvSrf;BuJBuD;jzifh xGuf csDynmoif xGufcJhjyef&m w
vmaom a'guf w m 0if ; EkdifiHç w&yfjcm;wGif cifrif
armifonf wHcg;ayguf0em; onfh rdwfaqGrsm; jzpfcJh&\/
ü &yfcg idkaeaom MuLMuL avmu"mwf y nm orm;
tm; wkdufrdrwwf jzpfoGm; pdwMf urf;ç vlMurf; a'gufwm
avawmh\/ 0if;armifESifh tEkynmo,f
vlat;pdwfEk udkjrifhoef;wdkY
]]udkBuD; usr wdkYudk cGifh rSm wa,mufESifh wa,muf
vTwfyg ....}} tHhMobG,f&m cifrif wG,f
52 cspfa<u;rajy

wmí vmcJhMu\/ odkY&mwGif armif r S m ]][d k taumif e J Y

olwdkY\ a&pufa[mif;rSmþ rsm;}} [laom tawG;wdYk onf
rQESifh ukefNyDjzpf&um; tcspf rMumrMum ay:vm
BuD;orQ trsufBuD;rsuf t wwfav\/
rkef;BuD;rkef; temBuD;em t cif a raxG ; um; a'guf
xifvGJjcif;BuD; vGJum vrf; wm 0if ; armif t m; jzLpif
qHk;odkY a&muf&avawmh\/ onfh apwem arwåm a0
Í Í Í
jzmcJh\/ xdkYaMumifh tpOf
tNrJyif a'gufwm0if;armif
rdk;&moD... ajymif;<uum \ tay:wGif MuifMuif em
aqmif;vodkY 0ifcJh\/ a'guf em abmfa&GpmG jyKwwfav &m
wm 0if;armifESifh cifaraxG; xd k o d k Y j yKjcif ; ud k y if a'guf
wdkY\ r*FvmyJGvnf; NyD;qHk;cJh wm0if;armifrmS -[if; ... 'if;
ayNyD/ rSmtjypf&SdvdkY olUtjypfawG
tcsd e f M umjrif h p G m arQmf ay:rSmpdk;vdkY ighudk tcsdKeJY
vif h a pmif h p m;aecJ h & aom owf a ewmrsm;vm; [l í
cspf o l E S i f h vuf x yf & jcif ; yif taumif; rxif tjypf
tm;jzifh ESpfOD;ESpf0 aysmf&Tif awmf wifcsifpdwf aygufcJh
aMueyfMuaomfvnf; udkjrifh avonf/
oef;ESifh cifaraxG;wdkY\ t xdkrS twl;uav; wESpf
quftoG,f twGuf ouFm twGif; arG;zGm;vm&m cif
ruif; jzpfaejcif;udk rrsdKodyf araxG;rSm N*dK[fqdk;0ifjcif;
Ek d i f a om a'guf w m 0if ; cH&avawmhonf/ q&m0ef
 cspfa<u;rajy 53
w a,mufvkyfcg avmu wGifum; olwdkYwawG\ tdrf
"mwfynmudk vdkufpm;vm axmif Nidrf;csrf;a&;rSm aph
ol a'gufwm 0if;armifrSm pyfír&Edik af wmhbJ wa,muf
þudprö sKd ;ü t&m&m em;vnf udw
k a,muf cspfvsufESifhyif
ae&um; ol\ rouFmpdwf 0dbufMur®iifvmawmhonfh
rSm ydkrdkí wdk;wufvmawmh tvm; rkef;[efjyKum bkus
onf/ jcif;jzifh tcsdefukefcJhMuav
]][if igeJYvJ wpdrS r awmhonf/
wlygvm;? [kdtaumifeJY w
zHkxJbJ [ifç b,fvdk[mvJ}} ajzra,mif
odkYqdkyguvnf; qdkEdkif
ygayonf/ aoao csmcsm tcsdefum;.... n 11-em
Munfhavav ESmacgif; vm &D ausmfcJhavNyD/ jymodkv\
yHk ezl;qif;yHk yg;pyftae csrf ; pd r f h a om tat;"mwf
txm; rsufvHk; OD;acgif;yHk onf udk;rdkifwGif;&Sd udkjrifh
o@mefwdkYudkyg udkjrifhoef; oef;wdkY\ wdkufuav;tm;
ESifh cRwfpGyfwlaeonfrSm tHh &pfywf vTrf;jcHKvsuf &Sdav
Moí rqHk;EdkifcJh/ xdkrS cifar onf/
axG;\ bcif OD;baxG; ao eufjyma&mif ukwf tusÐ
qHk;um rdrdwdkYzmom NrdKUpGef c&rf;a&mif pdefuwDåyg xrD
odkY ajymif;í acsmif;qdk;aoG; wd k Y qif , if xm;aom
yg tqkwfa&m*guk aq;½Hk MuLMuL\ jzL0if ; onf h
udk zGifhvSpfí aecJhonfhtcg o@mefrSm {nfhcef;rD;a&mif
54 cspfa<u;rajy
atmuf w G i f y P m & v S odYkrQ rwwfEikd &f mS ? cifaraxG;
ayonf / ol r \ rsuf E S m vufxyf oifay;oGm;onfh
rSm- &TifNyHK; oa,mifa,mif ]]ajzavsmhacG}} oDcsif;udk r
&S d a omf v nf ; rsuf v H k ; rsm; wD; cdkif;½HkrQom ru pE´
um; ....Munfvifjcif; uif;y ,m; wD ; oH Mum;vQif y if
vsu&f \ dS / olYtbdYk þodYknOfh cgwdkif;vdk....aysmf&TifpGm oD
euf rdkCf;csKyf wdkifatmif qdkjcif; em;axmifjcif; rjyK
apmifhaecJh&onfh nwdkYum; awmhbJ wjcm;odkY a&SmifcGm
renf;vS? ,aeY nvnf; oGm;wwfonfh udkjrifhoef;
apmifh&OD;rnf/ yef;csDq&m tm; .... oem;í rqH;k Ekid cf .hJ ...
udkjrifhoef;um; .... ,cifu *D . ...[l a om buf x &D
tdrfuyfcJhoavmuf ,ck t [Gef;oHESifhwuG um;oH w
cgwGif vnfusL;onfh t oHonf MuLMuLtm;.... vIyf
rl;orm;BuD; wOD; jzpfcJhacs &Sm;apawmhonf/ a[m- jyef
NyD/ vmNyD....[k MuLMuLonf pdwf
]]atmf.... udkav;.... udk xJrS a&&Gw&f if; .... wHcg0 qD
av; t&m&mrSm pdwfcsrf; odkY ajy;xGufí vm\/ um;
omatmif zef w D ; ayrJ h onf tdrfa&SUü &yfcg '½kdif
MuLMuL &S d & J U om;eJ Y MuL bm armif0om t&if a&SU
MuLudrk rS cif? MuLMuLajymwm u xGufvmNyD; um;aemuf
awGudk em;r0ifawmhbJ jzpf ydkif; wHcg;udk zGifhí udkjrifh
csifovdk jzpfaeygayghvm; oef;udk ayGUcsDxkwfavonf/
[kom nnf;rd½HkrSwyg; rnf ]]rrav; q&m odyfrl;ae
 cspfa<u;rajy 55
w,f/ a[mfw,frSm &efjzpf MuLMuLonf wvHk;csif;
vmvdkY uRefawmfawmif ul ajz&if;u ai;aeavonf/
cscJh&w,f....}} ]]rat;wJhEkdif
'½dkifbm armif0onf t ta&;awmf onfcg
pD&ifcHavonf/ armif0\ qdkif&ayrJh [Jh.... [Jh....
tusÐrSm pkwfjywfcg aoG; qdkif&ayrJh....
rsm;jzifh ayusHvsuf.... i,fuRefBuD; armif0
]]aemufq&mhudk tdrfrSm av; ....}}
bJ aomufcdkif;NyD; tjyif r
xGufap&if aumif;r,f/ EdkY bdk;pdefBuD;avoHjzifh [pf
r[kwf&if &efrsm;w,f/ w atmf&if; .... t&ufyv k if;a&SU
aeY 'ku© a&mufvdrfhr,faemf- wGif cs? t&ufzvfcGuf vuf
rrav; ....}} wGifudkifxm;olrSm yef;csD q
&m udkjrifhoef;yif jzpfav
'½dkifbmonf tMuHay;
onf/ tem;wGif&Sdaom '½dkif
avonf/ udkjrifhoef;um;
bm armif0onf q&m\
ZufusdK;um ajcypf vufypf
tvd k twd k i f ; vd k u f a vsm
jzpfae\/ t&ufeHYum; w
um ]][kwfuJh.... &Sdygw,f
axmif;axmif; ....
q&m....}} [k ajz&avawmh
]]udk0- wdkY oabmbJ onf/
aumif;w,f/ xifovdkom
vkyf? MuLMuLawmh bmrS r ]]tr,fav; rat;
MuHwwfawmhbl; ....}} Edkif
56 cspfa<u;rajy
ta&;awmf o nf c g raysmfbl;vm; ....wynfh
qdkifcJhayrJh.... &m....}}
ryd k i f a vjcif ; ... ryd k i f
avjcif; ....[if; .... [if; .... udkjrifhoef;onf zvfcGuf
[if; .... tif;- q&mpGJcJhwJh xJwGif usefaeaom t&uf
ol Z muav;&,f - tr,f udk armhcsvdkufNyD;aemuf xyf
av; a0;MuNyD ? a0;MuNyD xnfhjyefav\/
'D b 0wG i f 'D r QeJ Y a&puf ]]bmvJ- tvum; rdef;
ukefMuNyD? q&mhpdwfxJrSm rawG[m- tvum;- rdef;r
wbuf o wf qk d i f c J h a yrJ h qdkwm a,mufsm;awG 'ku©
rydkifcJhygvm;uG,f... ay;bdkY oufouf vljzpfvm
&wm r[kwfbl;vm;? wynfh
]]'gaMumif h r d k Y eef ; ñG e f Y &m....}}
rsuf a zsmf avavh - eef ; ]][kwf-[kwfygw,f....}}
ñGefYrsufazmf- udk,fwdkYrSm ]]'gaMumif h q&mawmh
b@mawmf r d k Y q&m0ef rd e f ; rawG u d k od y f r k e f ; t
uawmf r d k Y rac:om vGefrkef; tm;BuD;rkef;? [J[J
awmf & mu jyH K ;&w,f rdef;rawG[m ydkaewmyguGm
uG , f . ...rk e f ; pd w f u awmh ighwynfh rdef;r r&Sdbl; r
roGif; ....tr,frif; rkef; [kwfvm; ....}}
pd w f r oG i f ; .... wd r f y l e d r f ]][kwfuJh- r&Sdygbl;....}}
ajAmif a jAmif wd r f w d r f yl ]]at; .... rdef;r r&SdbJvJ
edrfajAmif? [m;-[m; .... yD;MuwmbJ r[kwfvm;}}
 cspfa<u;rajy 57
]][k w f u J h - yD ; ç yD ; yg pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfoGm;um
w,fq&m....}} omí cufcsdrfhrnf[k awG;rd
]][m;-[m;.... ighwynfh &m ,ckvdk aysmfovdk aejcif;
u rd e f ; r r&S d b J v J yD ; o u awmf a yao;onf [ k
udk; ....}} atmufarh&jyefonf/
þvdk toHawG Mum;& [dk....i,fi,f&G,f&G,f rdrd
wdkif; pdwfrcsrf;rom Muuf a&mufvmpOfrSpí ,ckwdkif
oD;awG wjzef;jzef;ESifh ausm rnfrQavmuf aomufpm;rl;
csrf;aeolrSm MuLMuLyif jzpf ,pfaevifhupm; rdrdtay:
awmhonf/ tdrfa&SUyl tdrf wGif enf;enf;uav;rS r
aemuf rcsrf;om qdkouJhodkY azmufjym; rusL;vGef rapmf
udkjrifhoef;\ wbufowfpGJ um;bJ opömapmifhum ESr
vrf;rI arm[w&m; zHk;vTrf; av; t&if;yrm apmifha&Smuf
xm;ojzifh w&m;rjrif pdwf onfhtwGuftm;wufrdaomf
b0ifat;vdk at;jim; a& vnf; xdkrQ ½dk;½dk;om;om;
vkdufrSm;um pdwfoGm;wdkif; oabmxm; jynfh0 vlod
udk,fuvdkuf xifovdk rdkuf rsm;vSolwa,muf þodkY
rJaejcif;twGuf toJemum qd;k oGr;f pGm pdwaf wG ba&muf
,lBuHK;r&jzpfr\ d / emrnfEiS hf b&uf tusifhpm&dwå ysuf
*kPfoa&yg qHk;½HSL; &awmh uGufjcif;tm; toJemrdav
rnfh ta&;udk.... rawG;0HhcJh? onf/
xduk ohJ Ykd jyKrlaejcif;udk ydwyf if
vkdufyguvnf; wdk;wufí Í Í Í
58 cspfa<u;rajy
NrdKUxJ &yfxw J iG u
f m; ...udk um;rsm;vnf; wpxufwp
jrifo
h ef;\ owif;qd;k rsm;rSm enf;yg;í vmawmhonf/
avwdkufwkdif; vTifhaeaom ]]tif; ....yef;csD jrifhoef;
uGif;v,facgifu acG;ao wdkYawmh acwfukefNyD[lí¤if;?
aumif ykwfeHYyrm ae&m w [if;-bmrS toHk;rusawmh
umü ajymaeMu\/ a[mf bl;? 'DvdkvlrsdK;u 'Dvdktvkyf
w,fwdkif;wGif t&ufawG t rsdK; vkyf&if b,fawmhrS em
vGeftuRef aomufcg rl;,pf rnf rausmfawmhb;l .... wdik ;f
onfh tjcm;rJhü a[mw,f jynfu cifrifaewJh vlw
r,f rsm;tm; ½dkufESuf qlyl a,muf 'Davmufawmif bm
jcif;jzifh rdrd*kPfudk rpifokwf jzpfvdkY ysufpD;oGm;ygvdrfh}} p
aeol udkjrifhoef;tm; tHhMo onfjzifh udk,fESifhrqdkifaomf
rdMu\/ vnf; oufqikd af v[ef ajym
aeMuonfh pum;oH rsm;rSm
,cifu qufoG,fcJhMu cifaraxG;\ em;xJwGif r
ol r*¾Zif;ç *sme,fç 0w¬K qefYcJh? yef;csDjrifhoef;\ t
wkduf&Sifrsm; ukefonfrsm;rSm ½kyfum;ç uAsmç pmtkyf wdkYrSm
vnf; aexGufrS ae0if omr vnf; 0,fol enf;yg;vm
[kwf ntcsdefrawmftxd t awmh\/ topftqef;vnf;
&ufcGufudk vufrS rcsol udk ay: rvmawmhacs/
jrifhoef;tm; qufqH&ef cJ ]]b,fvdkjzpfoGm;ygvdrfh
,Of;vmawmh\/ yef;csD jrifh uGm? wcgxJ jrKyfoGm;vdkuf
oef;\ zuf&Sif usus t½kyf wm a&wGif;xJ cJypfcsvdkuf
 cspfa<u;rajy 59
wJh twkdif;bJ cifrifwJhvlrsm; jrifhoef;[m MuLMuLeJY twl
vGef;vdkY vljyKpm;cH&wm rsm; wlae&mu aemufxyf tquf
vm;uGm....}} wa,muf xyfawGUa&m? tJ'D
yef;csDjrifhoef;\ rdwfaqG rdef;rtwGufeJY udkjrifhoef;rSm
a[mif; azmufonfa[mif; odyfpdwfnpf oGm;&NyD; t
rsm;rSm pyfrdpyf&m ajym&if; &ufawG eif;uef aomufvm
u udkjrifhoef;\ taMumif; w,f? 'gayrJh....olY&JU pdwf
udk pum;pí aqG;aEG;Mu csrf;omrIudk tNrJvdkvm;wJh
awmhonf/ MuLMuLav;uawmh- udkjrifh
]]bmrS r[kwfygbl;uGm oef; ysufpD;aewJh txd jyKpk
tcspfpeufaygh}} tcspfo'¨g? &Smygao;w,f? waeYawmh
cspfarwåmum;? wPSmarSmif udkjrifhoef; t&ufawGrl;NyD;
&dyf? vTrf;zHk;ydwfu? a>rqdyf MuLMuLud k y g tjypf & S m NyD ;
yrm? tcufjzmonf? vlU&Gm tdrf u ESifvdkufw,f....}}
aomu? rat;&}} qdkwm 'g
]][if....'kku©? EdkY.... tck
ayghuG? [dk.... olUyHkxJrSm yHkwl
MuLMuLua&m....}}
qGJwJh MuLMuLeJY uGJoGm;vdkY
yg ol e J Y om NrJ a e&if 'g ]]MuLMuLu awmol q d k
avmuf y pö v u© w f jzpf r awmh olU&Gm oljyefwmaygh?
oGm;ygbl; ....}} yJcl;em;u bm&GmqdkvJ tJ'D
]]Ed k Y ....'geJ Y MuLMuLud k rSm aeraumif; ae&SmowJh}}
tdru f ESix f w
k f ypfw,fq-kd }} ]][if.... bma&m*g yg
]]'DvdkuG olwdkYZmwfu udk vdrfh....}}
60 cspfa<u;rajy
]]td k . ...'gavmuf a wmif tdrrf mS aevmwm udjk rifo
h ef;
pdwfrcsrf;om ae&wJh vl r tay:rSmqdk&if tarvdk w
rm cHEdkifyghrvm;vdkY....}} rsdK;? ESrvdk woG,f tapcHvdk
]]a[h....bmvJuG? b,f vJ jyKpk? trsdK;rsdK;,k,&Smyg
olUtaMumif; ajymaeMuwm w,f/ udkjrifhoef; tar&Sdu
vJ? MuLMuL bmjzpfw,f.... wJu aevmwmrdkY udkjrifh
ajymprf;ygtHk; ....}} oef;u nDrav;vdk cifrifNyD;
vltyk w f iG f vlopfwa,muf tr,fBuD; r&SdayrJhvJ r*Fvm
wdk;cJh\/ aqmifbdkY ajym&rSm rajym
]]aeraumif ; vd k Y awm &ufcJhbl;? 'DtwGif; [dkudpö
rSmaq;uk aew,f r[kwf awGaMumifh....udkjrifhoef; t
vm;....}} &uform;BuD; jzpfNyD; ESifypf
]][if-b,fu [kwf&rSm awmhrS olUcjrm xGufoGm;
vJ aooGm;NyD? rESpfu rdk;OD; &Smw,f/ wESpf ausmfausmf
usavmuf uwJu aooGm; avmufMumawmh udkjrifhoef;
NyD....}} owd&NyD; MuLMuLudk oem;
]]tdk....uRwf-uRwf oem; vmw,f/ tukefvHk; &SdorQ
ygw,fuGm....}} ajrawGç NcHawGç tdrfawGudk
]]at; ....olwdkY taMumif; MuLMuLqDrSm tyfNyD; xGuf
udk aoaocsmcsm od&&if csif&m xGufoGm;awmhr,f
omNyD; oem;p&m aumif; vd k Y MuLMuLqD oG m ;awmh
w,f? MuLMuL[m i,fi,f MuLMuLtonf; toef jzpf
uav;uwJu udjk rifo h ef;wdYk aeNyD....}}
 cspfa<u;rajy 61
]]at;uGm jzpfrS jzpf& av;eJY nm;oGm;&ifvJ t
w,f....}} aumif ; om; vl a wG u om
]]aemuf-awmrSmbJ ao nm;vd r f h r ,f xif M uayrJ h
oGm;w,f olu, kd w
f ikd o
f N*K[
Ø f usKyfwdkY tukefodwmaygh-
ay;NyD; olUaMumifh MuLMuL ukdjrifhoef;uawmif- uRef
ao&wmbJvdkY udkjrifhoef; awmf rajym&ufbl;Asm....vdkY
pdwfqif;&JUonfxuf qif;&J ajymbl;ao;w,f? MuLMuL
vmNyD; t&ufawG aomuf qdkwmuawmh aumif;vdkuf
jyefwm[m a&m*gpGJwJh txd wJhoabm tcsuf tjyKwfu
bJ....}} vJ awmfygayh b,fol jzpf
]]'gxuf oleJY BudKufcJh jzpf avmuGwfjyLiSmeJY 'Dvdk
w,f qdkwJh rdef;r[ma&m}} tEkorm; yef;csD q&mawG
]]tk d u G m ....[k d q &m0ef vufudkif xm;oifhwJh rdef;r
b,fol qdkvm; olUrdef;r rsdK;aygh- 'ku©a&mufaeayrJh
aygh? ol N*dK[farTwmaygh? ol vJ pd w f c srf ; omaeovd k
uawmh olUvifeYJ ol- cav; jyH K ;jyH K ; jyH K ;jyH K ;eJ Y ol U ud k
awG bmawG&vdkYwJh....}} jrif&wJh vlwdkif;rSm &ifxJudk
]]EdkY udkjrifhoef; uawmh at;oGm;wmbJ}}
a&m....}} ]]b,f h E S , f v J ud k , f h v l
]]olvJ b,fvpfoGm;rSef; csD ; rG r f ; vS c snf v m;....'D v d k
b,folrS rodbl;? olUtdrf rdef;rrsdK;&Sm,lygvm;}}
u '½dkifbmawmif ar;vdkY ]]tr,fav; xrif;xkyf
rodbl;? trSefu MuLMuL eJ Y vd k u f & S m &if xrif ; awG
62 cspfa<u;rajy
omykwfodk;NyD; avmufwuf udkoef;udk vlwum uJh&JUrSm
r,f? 'Dvdkrdef;rrsdK;eJY awGU udk rMunfh&ufvdkY udkoef;
bdkYawmh cJ,Of;om;bJ}} &JU tcspfa<u;awGudk vuf
xdkxdkaom pum;wdkYrSm cHrdcJhw,f/ 'D ta<u;awGudk
cifaraxG;\ em;wGif;odkY vlU taxG ; rS m ajyvnf a tmif
owif; vlcsif;aqmifcJh\/ rqyfEkdifcJhvdkY taxG;rSm cspf
a<u;awG.... wifNyD; udkoef;
Í Í Í
pdwf'ku© a&mufovdk a&muf
wd k i f u yf e m&D B uD ; rS wD ; &atmif udk0if; rouFmrI
cwfvu kd af omem&DoH 2-csuf BuD;u ESdyfpufaeMuNyD....
rSm cifaraxG;\ tawG;vGef ]]a&muf&mt&yfu aeNyD;
aeonfh tcsdefudk jyav\/ taxG;wdkY jyóemudk vmNyD;
]]tif; .... udkjrifhoef; udk &Sif;vSJUygtHk;vm; ....udkoef;
oef; [dkwHk;u udkoef;cspf &,f? owif;pmxJu twdkif;
ovdk taxG;vJ cspfygw,f? qdk&ifawmh udkoef; vlYjynf
'gayrJh taxG;rSm rvGwf rSmrS &Sdao;&JUvm;? b,fqD
vyfcJhvdkY udkoef; cspfovdk rsm; a&muf a eygvd r f h r vJ
jyefrcspfEkdifcJhbl;/ taxG;&if aemf-bk&m; ....bk&m;-udo k ef;
xJrSm cspfaeorQ zGifh[NyD; touf&Snfygap? usef;rm
udkoef;&JU tcspfudk vufcH ygap? a&mufav&m at;csrf;
cJh&if vlwum uJh&JUNyD; axG; ygap....}}
MuwJh wHaxG;cGufrSm taxG; cifaraxG;rSm tdyfraysmf
wdYk yufvufarsmMuvdrrhf ,f/ Ekdifwkdif; vuftkyfcav; csD
 cspfa<u;rajy 63
um qkawmif; rdavawmh 0w¬KtpwGif abmfjycJhonfh
ownf;/ owif;pm rxGufrSD &uf t
enf;i,fcefYu jzpfavonf/
a0;wa&G U a&G U at;csrf;om,m qdwfNidrf
vSonfph crf;omav;rS xGuf
c&D;pOfr&Sd ajcOD;wnfh&m cGm&rnfudk &ifxJwGif [m
xGufvmonfh yef;csDq&m wmwmESifh bmvdkvdk jzpfcJh
udkjrifhoef;um; armif;ruef \/
urf;ajcwGif 3-4-vrQ ae ]]q&mBuD; apmapmpD;pD;
cJh&mrS a0'emrSm oufom b,foGm;rvdkYvJ....}}
xl;jcm;jcif; r&Sdonfh tjyif? om;a&aowå m td y f & m
MunfEl; vGrf;qGwfbG,f yif vdyfwdkYudk rEkdifhwEdkif qJGum
v,furf;ajc ½Icif;udk NiD;aiGU xGufvmaom udkjrifhoef;
ívmawmhojzifh c&D;xGuf tm; ig;rQm;&ef xG u f v m
&ef jyifcJhavonf/ aom &G m ol & G m om;wd k Y u
pdrf;vef;vSyaom xif; jymjymovJ ar;jref; Muav
½SL;yifrsm;ESifh tjcm; yef;yif onf/ ]]c&D;xGuftHk;rvdkY}}
rsm; 0ef;&Humvsuf&Sdaom [laom tajzudk Mum;&aom
jcH O ,sOf E S i f h w uG wnf ; cd k tcgwGifrlum; ]][if....oGm;
tdrfrS udkjrifhoef; xGufcGm tHk;r,fvm;? EdkY.... cifAsm;
vmonfh tcsdefum; rdkCf;oH aeraumif;bl; r[kwfvm;?
awG wvSKv H KS EH iS hf rkwo
f ek af v aeraumif; &ufeJYrsm;jzifh
&TifjrL;aeonfh 0gqdkOD;jzpfcg aea&maygh....at;av oGm;
64 cspfa<u;rajy
csif&ifvJ rwm;ygbl;? ay; udjk rifo
h ef;\ i,f½yk u f kd rSwf
ay; usKyfwdkY xrf;ydkYay;ygh rdapawmhonf/
r,f}} [k 0dkif;0ef;ajymqdk ul armif;ruef&Gmuav;udk
nDMu\/ vrf;twdkif; avQmufvm&m
oabmaumif ; um jyL wGifvnf; jrifbl;olrsm;u
iSmvSonfh EdkifiHausmf ynm a&m rjrifbl;olwdkYuyg awGU
&Sif rdwfaqGBuD;wa,mufESifh orQ vlwdkif;u b,fudkoGm;
cJGcGm&rnfhta&;rSm ½dk;om; rvdkYvJ[k 0JwJwJoHjzifh ar;
vSonfh &Gmom;rsm;wGif 0rf; Muwdkif; [kwfuJhç [dk....'djyifç
enf;bG,f&mvdk jzpfae\/ t&yfudk....[lí csdKompGm ajz
aoG;om;qkw, f w
k o
f jzifh jzL Mum;cJh\/
a&mfa&mf jzpfaeaom rsuf ]][ifç 'djyifudk? tif; ....
ESmjrif½HkESifh vlrrm[k odEdkif owdxm;oGm;av q&m r&Sd
aom ud, k cf E¨m? touf 40- &if cav;awGawmh ysif;ae
ausmf a vmuf o m &S d a o; awmhrSmbJ....}}
aomfvnf; .... tbdk;tdkyrm oGm;av&m&mwGif cspfol
wG e f Y vd y f a eaom ta&t cifolyg rsm;csif;um; udkjrifh
om; jzLjzLazG;azG; aiGa&mif oef;\ xl;jcm;aom ukov kd f
qHyifrsm; a&maeaom OD; w&yfyif/
acgif; ....
Í Í Í

xdktxJwGif pl;,Sawmuf owif;pmxJwGif udkjrifh

ajymifaom rsufvHk;omvQif oef;\ taMumif; .... ygNyD;
 cspfa<u;rajy 65
onfrS 5-&ufcefYMumcJhaom uvSJUvmovJ? ckrSbJ awGU&
aeY\ naecif;jzpfavonf/ awmhw,f/ cifAsm; .... jrKyf
csufom; aumif;vdkufwm}}
yef;csDq&m udkjrifhoef;
onf yJcl;NrdKU&Sd 0w¬Kpmtkyf udkjrifhoef;onf acwårQ
wdkuf wcka&SUwGif &yfae&mrS idkifoGm;avonf/ [kd,cif
qdkif;bkwfudk aoaocsmcsm i,f&G,fEkysdKpOfu BuD;rm;vS
bwfMunfhNyD; wdkufay:odkY aom arQmf v if h c suf tvd k
wufcahJ vonf/ ol\ tMuH qE´rsm;aMumifh .... xl;xl; ....
um; olaemufqHk;a&;cJhaom jcm;jcm; wdkif;wyg;odkYyif
uAsmrsm;ESifh t½kyfum;rsm; oG m ;a&muf c g ynmud k pH k
udk ay;tyfcg xdkufwefonfh atmifoifc\ hJ / jynfawmfjyef
tbdk;tcudk awmif;&efyif tjzpfjzifh jyefvmcJh&mwGif
jzpf\/ wdu k yf ikd &f iS rf mS rnfol jrefrmjynfü txufwef;pm;
[lí rodaomfvnf; yef;csD yef;csDynm&SifwOD;[kxif&Sm;
h ef;\ aemufq;kH vuf ausmfapmcJh\/ pD;yGm;a&;ü
udjk rifo
&mqdkygu 0rf;ompGm vuf vnf; rao;odrfcJh? aus;Zl;
cH,lMuvdrfhrnf[k xifav &Sif rdcifBuD; aoqHk;oGm;cJh
onf/ uHtm;avQmfpGm wkduf aomfvnf; tdrfaxmifxdef;
wGif;rS xGufvmolum; tod odrf;rI uRrf;usifum vdr®m
a[mif;wOD; jzpfavonf/ a&;jcm;&Sdonfhjyif rdrdtay:
]][if....udkjrifhoef; b,f wGif MuifempGm jyKpkol MuL
66 cspfa<u;rajy
MuL&SdNyDjzpfojzifh tdrfaxmif em;axmif&if; pOf;pm;ae\/
a&;twGuf ylp&mr&Sd ,lq xdkpOftcgu udkjrifhoef;\
um MuLMuLuav;ESifh aysmf pmtkyfqdkvQif pmtkyfwdkuf
aysmf y g;yg; aecJ h y H k r sm;ud k wdkif;u olUxufig 0,f,l
jrif a ,mif v mawmh & m &if ½ku
d Ef ydS Mf u\/ ,ckum; yef;csD
wGif;ü qdkYvmNyD; ezl;aMum jrifo
h ef;\ acwf ukecf ahJ csNyD/
BuD;awG.... &SHKUoGm;onf t tu,fí ol\ pmtkyfonf
xd- acsmif;qdk;vdkuf\/ ,ck rwGifus,fygu rnfodkY jyK
um; arQmfvifch suf uif;ol\ rnfenf;[k awG;um ]]cuf
b0odkYwkdifcJhayNyD.... wmbJ....}} [k nnf;í ouf
jyif;wcsuf csvdu k af vonf/
]]udpöuawmh 'Dvdkyg? t ]][Gef;}}
ck usKyfqDrSm ygvmwJh u
ud k j rif h o ef ; vnf ; oH
AsmawGeJY yef;csDum;awGudk
a,mifvdkufcg nnf;av\/
t[Gw-f t[Gw-f xku d w
f ef
oavmuf a&mif;cJhcsifw,f/ ]]tif; ....acwfqdkwm tif
tJ'g t[Gwf.... t[Gwf.... rwef aMumufp&maumif;
cifAsm; usKyfudk rpçwJhtae wmbJ}} [k t,f'Dwmon
eJY 0,fyg....}} avuefpGm ajym&if;u ....
tdwfxJrS aiGp tenf;i,f
ud k j rif h o ef ; onf vG , f udk xkwfavonf/
tdwftwGif;rS ypönf;rsm;udk ]]udkif; .... udkjrifhoef; eJ
xkwfav\/ t,f'DwmrSm w,fvJ rxifygeJY- cifAsm;
 cspfa<u;rajy 67
[mawGvJ r,lygbsl;? tm;vJ wm&S n f umv
emyg&JU? c&D;p&dwf qdkovdk anmif;cJhNyD?
'gavmuf e J Y avmuf a &m arQmfvifhawmif;w?
aygh- uRefawmfwdkYrSmvJ r
vdkqE´vnf;/
acsmifvnfao;vdkYyg....}}
vHk;0OóHk b,fcg
]]tdk.... udpör&Sdygbl; 'g wHkrS?
avmufqdk&if avmufygNyD jynfph b
kH Ykd &m? jrifawmh
t[Gwf-t[Gwf- uJ.... t ygwnfh/
vum; ay;wJ h t aeeJ Y bJ awGUMu uGJMu? þ
usKyf q D u [mawG ,l x m; avmu0,f?
vdkufyg? uJ .... oGm;ygtHk;
b0a&puf? zefvm
r,f....}}
csufaMumifh?
t,f'Dwmonf pm&Guf tdyfrufyrm? jzpfav
w&Gufudk qGJ,lMunfhrd\/ &mvnf;/
ighrSm ckwdkif? rarh
rarh w J h E d k i f EdkifcJh/
&yfwnfrNidrf jzpf[ef ysuf[ef?
]]&moDtdrfpuf? vSnfh
avmu"HaMumifh?
vnfcsufaMumifh/
&ufv &moD? tvD yljyefwvJUS at;wvJUS
vDjzifh? vQif?
68 cspfa<u;rajy
BuHKcJhorQ? 'ku©wdkY aerif;um; .... taemuf
tm; ..../ avmu"mwfciG f xdeyf ifuRef;
vGifhyg; zsufajz? ajy odkY ,Gef;cJhNyD? ndKrdIif;aom rdk;
ygEdkifcJh/ om;rdk;&dyfrsm; zHk;vTrf;xm;
&yfwnfrNidrf? ojzifh udk;&yfcGif0,f arSmifrJ
&moDtdrfpuf? vSnfh vsuf &Sdavonf/ av;vH
vnfcsufaMumifh/ aom ajcvSrf;udk tEkdifEkdif
&ufv&moD? tvD o,f,&l if;u v,fuefoif;
vDjzifh/ wavQmuftwkdif; .... vrf;
wm&Snf umv avQmufívmaom udkjrifh
anmif;cJhNyD.... oef ; rS m ,d k i f r vJ o G m ;&
atmif reJBuD; owdxm;&
t,f'Dwmonf bwf&if; avonf/ rSdwfwkyf rSdwfwkyf
bwf&if; 0rf;enf;ovdk jzpf Mu,fa&mifwdkYonf olUtm;
vmaomaMumifh? aemufpm vrf;jyvsuf&Sd\/ wajz;ajz;
&Gurf sm;udyk if qufí rMunfh ESifh &GmOD;apwDodkY a&mufcJh
awmhbJ vrf;rBuD; twdkif; avonf/ udkjrifhoef;onf
wa&GUa&GU xGufcGmoGm;aom rwfwwf&yfcg acwårQ ai;
ud k j rif h o ef ; \ aemuf y d k i f ; ae\/ aemifwGif bk&m;&if
o@mefudkom ai;Munfhaerd jyifqDodkY vmcJh\/ bkef;BuD;
avonf/ ausmif;atmufrS acG;wtkyf
onf olUtm; us,favmif
Í Í Í pGm qD;í a[mifMuojzifh
 cspfa<u;rajy 69
vefYomG ;av\/ olonf tm awmhrSmbJ? 'gaMumifhrdkY....
½HkcH wefaqmif;xJodkY 0ifum MuLMuLeJY twl ae&atmif
tdwfwGif;rS za,mif;wdkif t MuLMuL acgif;cs&m t&yfudk
arT;wdkif rD;jcpfrsm;udk xkwf vdkufvmNyDav/ MuLMuLa&-
avonf/ &SJceJ rD;jcpfudk jcpf trQ....trQ....bk&m;....bk&m;-
aomf v nf ; tjyif ; txef jzpfav&mb0wdkif; tcspf
wdk;0ifvsuf &Sdaom avo aMumifh cHpm;onfh 'ku©rS
&rf;aMumifh csufjcif;yif Nidrf; uif;vGwf&ygvdk\ bk&m;}}
oGm;av\/ olonf za,mif;
wdkifudk rxGef;bJ tarT;wdkif udkjrifhoef;\ pum;oH
wGif rD;nd§&ef BudK;pm;av rsm;onf rdkCf;oHavoHrsm;
onf / tawmf u av;Mu tMum;rS rxifr&Sm; xGuf
aomtcg eD&J&JrD;puav; ay:ívm\/ wzJGzJG usvm
ESifh tarT;eHYwdkYonf wef aom rdkCf;a&pufonf t
aqmif;twGif;0,f ysHUoif; &Sdef jyif;vSonfh rdkCf;ouf
av\ tultnDjzifh tum
vsuf &Sdawmh\/ udkjrifhoef;
t&H uif ; rJ h a om wef
onf bk&m;udk tm½Hjk yKí &Scd ;kd
avawmhonf/ aqmif;twGif;odkY 0if vm
um ol\ rsuEf mS udk yufjzef;
]]MuLMuLa&.... trQ trQ av\/ udkjrifhoef;onf pD;
udkav; rSm;cJhwmawG cGifh usvmaom rsuf&nfwdkYudk
vTwfawmhaemf? udkav;vJ okwf&if; &ifwGif;wGif pGwf
MuLMuL aemufudk vdkuf&
70 cspfa<u;rajy
pdí
k vm\/ jyif;xefpmG acsmif; jyif;xefvSaom rdkCf;oH
qdk;onfhtoHESifh twl pnf; avoHrsm;onf oJoJ rJrJ
cRJ a om t&nf r sm;onf a[mifaeonfh acG;a[mifoH
yg;pyfwGif;rS usvm\/ yg; udjk rifo
h ef;\ nnf;nLoHwYkd
pyf0wGif qdkYxm;onfh vuf udk zHk;vTrf;ypfMu\/
udkifyk0gjzLum; .... pGwfpdk nD§
a[mif v suf &S d \ / &S n f xdkrS rdkCf; wjznf;jznf;
vsm;aom acsmif;qdk;oH\ pJí vHk;0 &yfoGm;onfh t
tqHk;wGif wjznf;jznf; ajymh cgwGifum; .... &GmwGif;&Sd jcH
acGívJusoGm;\/ tarT;wdik f orm; udkbdk;vS\ tdrfwHcg;
rS trHIrTm;rTm; rD;a&mifwGif udk ykwfvsuf&Sdonfh udkjrifh
ol \ awmuf a jymif o nf h oef;tm; awGU&avonf/ udk
rsufvHk;onf....pl;,SpGm xGef; bd;k vSum; ....MuLMuL\ tudk
vif;vsuf &S\ d / vlaoyrm x 0rf;uJGawmfol jzpfavonf/
<uvIyf&Sm;&ef tm;vnf; r&Sd pdwrf csr;f ajrUbG,&f m wud, k f
awmhacs/ vHk; &JT&JTpdkaeaom udkjrifhoef;
]][if....ao...ao...ao tm; Munfhum tHhMoaerd\/
acG;vdkao? bmrS ylp&m r&Sd ,cifuESifh rwlaom ½kyf
bl;/ 'Dtwdkif; aooGm;&if vu©Pm twGuf 0rf;enf;
0#fuRwfw,f/ 0#fNidrf;NyD.... pdwfysuf u½kPmoufrd\/
MuLMuLa&.... rif;udkav;udk udkjrifhoef;rS [kwfygavp[k
vm ac:vS n f h y gawmh . ... awG;ae\/ csufjcif;yif ESr
uG,f....}} o,f....MuLMuLtm; owd&rd
 cspfa<u;rajy 71
\/ ausmuf½kyfyrm rvIyf r aom aq;q&mudk Munfhum
&Suf&yfcg ai;aejyefonf/ udkbdk;vSonf tm;rvdk tm;
r& jzpfae\/ tcsdef tawmf
wH c g;ayguf r S om;a& Mum wdwfqdwfvsuf &Sdav
aowåmudk udkifum txJodkY \/
0ifvdkufonfESifh wNydKifeuf
vJusvmaom udkjrifhoef; udkjrifhoef;um; ... jyL;
tm; ayGUcsDum t0wftpm; aMumifaMumifESifh aq;q&m
vJay;NyD; ....tdyf&modkY oGif;cJh tm; ai;Munfhaeavonf/
&\/ wnvHk; a&aEG;BudKç rD;
zdk ponfjzifh tdrfom; t&if; ]]tif; ... odyfawmh r[ef
yrm jyKpk&Sm\/ tabmfr&Sm bl; ...}} [k aq;q&monf
bJ wudk,fwnf; aecJhaom aemufoYkd vSnu hf m nnf;av
vlysdKBuD; udkbdk;vSum; ... t &m ...]]bmjzpfw,f ... r[ef
vkyfrsm;aeawmhonf/ bl;-}}[k udkbdk;vSonf rwdk;
rus,af r;vdu k \ f / aq;q&m
eHeuf rdk;aomuf tvif; onf acgif;udk wqyfqyf
odkYa&mufcJh\/ raeomaom Nidrfhae&mrS ...]]'gayrJh [dkvl
udkbdk;vSrSm &GmwGif;&Sd aq; eJYqdk &rvm; rodbl; ...}}
q&m wOD;tm; ac:&av
awmh\/ a&mufvmuwnf; ]]b,folvJ...[if? b,f
u prf;oyfMunfh½INyD; bmrS olvJ...}}
rajymbJ awGa0 ai;armae ]]&efukefrSm q&m0efBuD;
72 cspfa<u;rajy
wa,muf usKyfeJY tod &Sd udkbdk;vSxufi,faomfvnf;
w,f? olu tqkwfa&m*g MuLMuLESifh ywfoufcg aus;
oufoufudk ukaewJhvl....}} Zl;ruif;ol udkjrifhoef;tm;
]][if ... 'gjzifh ac:ay; ½dkaopGm ac:a0:wwfav
ygvm; .... [if? ac:ay;yg onf/
vm; ...}} ]]q&maum... q&m b,f
udkbdk;vSonf aq;q&m oGm;ovJ....}}
\ ajcaxmufudk zufrwwf ]]&efukefudk oGm;w,f/
awmif;yefavonf/ &efukefu q&m0efudk oGm;
udkjrifhoef;um; .... rSdef;í ac:w,f/ tqkwfa&m*g uk
om aeav\/ wJh q&mav/ oleJY qdk&if &
em&D0ufcefY Mumaom t r,fwJh-}}
cg ... aq;aowåmudk qJGí ]]&efuek u
f vm; ... [if ...
qif ; oG m ;aom aq;q&m [kwfvm;}}
tm; awGU&avonf/
udkjrifhoef;onf rsufpdudk
Í Í Í
rSdwfcg acgif;udk &rf;av\/
]]udkbdk;vS.... udkbdk;vS....}} twefMumawmhrS ... ]]'Dr,f-
]]bmvJ.... udkjrifhoef; .... udkbdk;vS om;a& aowåmxJ
bmudpövJ-}} u pm&GufawG xkwfay;prf;
udbk ;kd vSonf jymjymovJ yg....}} ajymNyD; av;vHaom
ar;avonf/ udkjrifhoef;rSm cE¨mud, k u
f kd tEdik Ef idk f vl;vGeYf
 cspfa<u;rajy 73
í xum xdkif&if; ... jyLwif; yifrif;*Edkif? 0emNrdKif
ayguf q D r S tH k U rd I i f ; aom 0,f?
avmu"mwfudk ai;í Munfh tcdkifcdkifqifh? rmvm
ae\/ yGifhwdkY?
]]&efukefu qdk&if ... 0if; erf;csifhbG,fyif? MuL
armifrsm;jzpfaea&mhovm;/ arT;tifvnf;?
tif; ... taxG;-taxG;- 'if; qif,ifyu kd af xG;? yef
uav; b,fvdkrsm; ae&Sm ola0;rdkY?
ygvdr/hf rjzpfEikd w f mudk MuHzef arQmfawG; vsufom?
NyD; ... csprf w
d hJ 'Dutaumif&UJ oufyrmy?
'ku©udk jrifvSJUprf;yguG,f/ 'D cspf&Smolav;? tpOf
b0rSmawmh wa&GUa&GUeJYbJ ai;um?
a0; ... a0; ... MuygNyD ...}} tawG;ESifhom aysmfcJh
olonf pm&Guf w&Gufudk pOf....
xkwfcg pm&GufjzLay:wGif ... cgaEGv0,f?
xifvsuf &Sdonfh pmvHk; u awmifu okwfjzL;?
av;rsm;udk pdwf0ifpm;pGm avajy½l;wdkY?
Munfhae\/ &Tijf rL;Munfom?oGi;f
axGvmu?
]]'D b 0}} oHom csdKcsdK? OMoysdK
&moDa[ref? wdkY?
ajrmufjyef avn§if;? oDqdk a<u;um? aysmf
aqmfum oGif;í? ae&Smvnf;?
74 cspfa<u;rajy
ighrSm r&Tif? aqG;pdwf Muifemola0;? onf
0ifcJh.... armifav;i,f ....
cspfMuifbdkYa&;? tpOf taqG;ESifhom ....
awG;um.... awmfawmhxif ....
ta0;vifhum- arQmf
cJhtif .... ]]udkbdk;vS ....}}
cg0óefwGif.... ]]Asm ....}}
xuf,Hudk;&yf yZÆKef ]]uRefawmf[m- cifAsm;
ewfwdkY ... wdkYudk awmfawmfbJ 'ku©ay;
rdCk ;f wyfqifysKd ;? rmef cJhrdw,faemf ....
nd§K;av[ef.... ]]td k . ...bmawG ajymae
*sd K ;*sd r f h xef u m- wmvJ udjk rifo h ef; .... cifAsm;
tHkUrdIif;vmu.... &JU aus;Zl;awG....}}
udkif;n§mxdkxdk? pHkwcdk udkbdk;vSonf acgif;idkuf
0,f .... pdkuf usaeaom udkjrifhoef;
r-zdk- ac:oH? qlql tm; u½k P mawG vQH a e
nHjzifh .... aom rsufvHk;jzifh Munfhcg
awmifyH csif;,Suf- ajymavonf/
bdk;acgifiSufwdkY ...}} ]]r[k w f b l ; ? uRef a wmf
aysmfcsufqif,if? ae odw,f/ MuLMuLav;[m-
Mutifvnf; .... uRefawmhaMumifh aowm}}
r&TifighrSm- EHk;csdpGm uRefawmfom [dkwHk;u ....
wnfh .... MuLMuLu vGJNyD; b,folrS
 cspfa<u;rajy 75
*½krpdkufcJh&if 'Dvdk'ku©a&muf oGm;&rJh ae&mu b,frSm
ukeMf urSm r[kwb f ;l / t[Gwf wHk;As....}}
t[Gwf....}} ]]teD ; uav;yg a'guf
]]'DvdkvJ b,f[kwfrvJ wm&JU yJcl;em;u uRefawmf
uHw&m;aygh - uHpDrH&mudk aewJh&Gmwifyg....}}
om cHMu&wmaygh- udk,fu
]]vl r rmu awmf a wmf
jyKjyifvYkd &Edik w
f mrsKd ;rS r[kwf
oJaeovm; ...}}
bJ/ bk&m;awmif 0#f<uif;yg
oí cHoGm;&ao;wm usKyf ]]'Dtwdkif;qdk&if oGm;cg
wdkY vlawGrSm 0#f&Sd&if b,f eD;aeygNyD? t&ufowdåawG
rSm vGwfyghrvJ/ w&m;eJYom aygh i,f i ,f u tawmf
ajzygAsm}} aomif ; usef ; cJ h w ,f xif
]][kwfuJhç trSefuawmh yg&JU....}}
[kdwHk;uvJ MuLMuLudk ESr ]]b,fvdkbJ- jzpfjzpfav
av;vdkuvGJNyD; ydkcspfvdkY r&
vlrrmqd&k if uk&wmaygh....}}
cJhbl;/ tdk...yD;cJhwJh&ufawGu a'gufwm0if;armifonf
awmh jyefrvmawmhygbl;/ c&D;xGuf&eftwGuf tapcH
tif; ... 'ku©... 'ku©...}} ac: acgif;avmif;uav;udk
ESyd v
f ukd \
f / OD;vSazum; jrefrm
qyfaygh cspfa<u; "mwf A d a E¨ m q&mjzpf a omf
vnf; t*Fvdyf aq;ynm&Sif
]][kwfygNyDç vdkufqdk&if q&m0efrsm;ESifh tawmfyif
vJ vdkuf&wmaygh OD;vSaz? oduRrf;\/ a'gufwm 0if;
76 cspfa<u;rajy
armif E S i f h v nf ; &if ; ES D ; ol ajrmaeavNyDaum .... [k
jzpfavonf/ a'gufwm 0if;armif awG;rd
av\/ xdkYaemuf ....
]]a'gufwm .... olUudk od ]][ifhtif; rodygbl;}} [k
rSmaygh ....}} acgif ; ud k cyf a v;av;yif
]]b,folUudkvJ ....}} &rf;vdkuf\/
]]vlrrmudk ajymwmyg?
]]ac:ygovm;&S i f } } [k
emrnfausmf yef;csD q&mxJ
ajym&if; 0ifvmaom olem
ubJ ....}}
jyKq&mrudkvnf; bmrSjyef
]]yef;csDq&m....}}
rajymbJ ai;ae\/ twef
a'guf w m 0if ; armif
Mum pOf;pm;NyD;rS ....
onf tvefYwMum; ar;av
\/ ]]uJ.... tm;vJemyg&JU? 'D
]][kwfwmf bdvyfjyefxJ uaeYawmh rvdkufEkdifbl; ....}}
ubJ? b,foyl gvdr.hf .. udjk rifh ]][if....}}
oef;qdkvm;? usKyfwdkYawmh ck
aq;q&m OD;vSazonf
rSbJ vludk jrifbl;w,f....}}
idkifí oGm;awmh\/
]]b,fol... jrifhoef; ...}} ]]b,fvdkenf;eJYrS vdkuf
]][kwfw,f... odvm;}} vd k Y rjzpf b l ; vm;? a'guf
þrQ wdrfjrKyfcJhaom udk wm}}
jrifhoef;onf þuJhodkYaom ]][kwfw,f ... rjzpfbl;..}}
Zeyk'fwGif aoi,faZmESifh a'guf w m 0if ; armif
 cspfa<u;rajy 77
onf jywf a wmif ; pG m ajz Mum;bl;ovdkvdk&Sdonfh toH
av\/ woHonf ]]0if;armif... 0if;
]]tif; ... 'DvdkjzifhvJ b,f armif}} [k olUtm; ac:ae
wwfEdkifrvJ/ udkif; tcsdef \/ b,fo\ l toHygvdr[ hf k
jzKef;aevdkY rjzpfao;bl;/ awGa0aepOf ... toHonf
oGm;vdkufygtHk;r,f....}} qufí xGufay:vmjyef\/

OD ; vS a zonf ajcvS r f ; ]]cPuav;rS rvmEdkif

usJBuD;jzifh tjyifoYkd xGuvf m bl;vm;- oli,fcsif;&,f....
\/ a'gufwm 0if;armifum; raocif wqdwaf vmuf awGU
rsufrSefatmufrS rsufarSmif yg&ap .... wa,mufeJY w
udk MuKwf&if;- usef&pf cJah v a,muf 'Davmuf cspfcJhMu
onf/ om;eJY tckvdk trkef;eJY awmh
Í Í Í rcJ G c sif b l ; ? cPav;
vmyguGm? rif;udk ig&Sif;ygh
aerif;uG,faysmuf nt r,f...}}
csdefodkY a&mufcJh\/ 9-em&D
ausmfcNhJ yDjzpfí tdycf ef;odYk 0if xif&Sm; jywfom;onfh
cJhaom a'gufwm0if;armif udkjrifhoef;\ toHjzpfcJh\/
rSm naeuwnf;u ,ckwikd f a'guf w m 0if ; armif o nf
udkjrifhoef;\ taMumif;udk MuufoD;awG jzmvm\/ rdk;
om pOf;pm;í aerdcJh\/ t oufavonf udkjrifhoef; &Sd
csd e f r nf r QMucJ h o nf rod &mrS udkjrifhoef; ajymqdk a&
78 cspfa<u;rajy
&G w f a eaom pum;rsm;ud k o@mefom xif&Sm;pGm usef
aqmif,lcJhjcif;ayavm/ odkY &pfcJh\/ tawmfMumawmhrS
r[kwf aoNyD;í wapäb0 ½kwfw&uf ckefí xvdkufcg
a&mufaeaom udkjrifhoef;u taxG;&Sd&modkY xGufvmcJh
vmí ajymaejcif;ayavm[k avonf/
awG;ae\/ rcsdrqefY a0'em ]]taxG; .... taxG; ....}}
cHpm;vsuf &Sdaeaom udkjrifh
oef;\ o@mefonf rsuf tb,faMumifh[lí rod-
vHk;tdrfwGif;rS azsmufzsufí cifaraxG;vnf; ,aeYnwGif
r&EkdifcJh/ rsufpdudk rSdwfí tdyí f r&cJ/h txl;ojzifh udjk rifh
ZGwftdyf&ef MuHaomfvnf; oef ; tm; owd & aerd \ /
xyfwvJvJ Mum;ae&onfh us,favmifpGm [pfac:ae
udkjrifhoef;\ toH trsdK;rsdK; aom a'gufwm 0if;armif
ESifh rdrdESifhtwl ... ausmif;t \ toHudk iSufqdk; xdk;ouJh
wlwlaecJhpOfu udkjrifhoef;? odkY xifjrifum csufjcif; xl;
vef ' ef w G i f twl a epOf u &efudkvnf; owdr&? tdyf&m
udkjrifhoef;? jyefvmNyD;rS em uom vl;vGefYí xcJh\/
rnfBuD; yef;csDq&m udkjrifh
oef; ... udkjrifhoef;\ yHk ]]jrifhoef; ... yJcl;em;u
o@mefrsm;pGmwdkYonf &pf &GmrSm toJtoef jzpfaeNyD
0JívmMujyef\/ xdyk o kH @mef wJ h ... tJ ' D u d k oG m ;rvd k Y
wdkY\ aemufqHk;wGif EHk;csdacG taxG;vJ vdkufcJh/ uJ ... cyf
,dkifaeonfh udkjrifhoef;\ okwfokwf- nOfheufvSNyD...}}
 cspfa<u;rajy 79
cifaraxG;um;- jymjym 0wfvJav/ jrefjrefvkyfygqdk
ovJ jzpfaeonfh a'gufwm rS aMumifaejyefNyD....}}
0if;armif\ trlt&mtm; ]]wu,fajymaewmvm;
em;rvnfovdk Munfhae\/ udk0if; ....}}
a'gufwm0if;armif\ pum;
aMumifh? &ifxJwGif 'dwfceJ ]]td;k - wu,fayghAs/ cuf
ckeo
f mG ;um- ao&GmrS jyefvm vdkufwm 'Dta&;xJrSm b,f
ol wa,muf\ owif;udk oluvmNyD; aemufae&rSm
Mum;&ouJhodkY acgif;ebrf; vJ/ t0wfvJESifhtHk; ...}}
BuD;rd\/ odYk&mwGif vGecf o
hJ nfh
&ufrMumrSD uav;uyif þ a'guf w m 0if ; armif
jrifhoef;ESifh ywfoufcg &ef onf um;*dka'gifqDodkY xGuf
jzpfcNhJ yD;jzpf&m... oHo,jzpfrd vmum '½dkifbmudk ac:jyef
ojzifh [efrysuf-&yfae&ay \/
ao;onf/ ]]uJ- um; jrefjref xkwf
prf;uGm....}}
]]vkyfavuGm tusÐvJyg
uG? aumifav;a&m tdyfy a&nd§a&mif csufAvuf
vm;....}} um;onf wem&D rdkifav;
q,fausmfEIef;jzifh &efukefNrdKU
]][kwfuJh ... tdyfygNyD....}} wGif;rS xGufvm\/ um;xJ
]]olUawmh xm;cJhyguGm/ wGif cifaraxG;onf wdwf
tdyfaeygap/ taxG;om t qdwfpGm vdkufygvm\/
80 cspfa<u;rajy
]][dk ... q&m ajymyHkvdk a'gufwm0if;armifonf
awmhjzifh vufrSDbdkY cJ,Of; OD;vSazESifh udkbdk;vStMum;
w,fw/hJ bk&m; ...bk&m;... jrifh rSm wdk;0ifum ... udkjrifhoef;
oef;usef;rmygap/ raoyg tm; prf;oyfavonf/ xdk
apeJYtHk;...}} aemuf oufjyif; wcsuf cs
um aemufodkY vSnfhNyD; OD;vS
a'guf w m 0if ; armif aztm; tm;emonh f [ef
onf aeYcif;uq&mESifhvdkuf jzifh Munfhae\/ OD;vSazu
rvm rdonfudk aemifw & b,fhES,fvJ [laom tae
av\/ ,ckum; bk&m;rS w jzif h ar;ud k aigh v d k u f \ /
yg; rnfol urQ ru,fEdkif a'guf w m 0if ; armif o nf
awmhNyD/ acgif;udk &rf;vdkuf&m rHIrTm;
a'gufwm 0if;armifESifh rTm; tvif;a&mifwiG f rsufreS f
cif a raxG ; wd k Y jcH o rm;ud k a&mifonf w0if;0if; vuf
bdk;vS\ tdrfodkY a&mufaom oGm;\/ a'gufwm0if;armif
tcgwGifum; arS;rSdefaom \ pdwfudk &dyfrd[ef wlaom
rD;a&mif atmuf0,f Muifem OD;vSazonf ]]usKyfvJ cif
wwfonfh aq;q&m OD;vS Asm;vmr,fvdkY txifom;
azESifh jcHorm; udkbdk;vSwdkY bJ/ 'gaMumifhrdkY vlrrmudk
\ jyKpkjcif;udk cH&if;u ao awmif vmMuygvdrfhr,fvdkY
rif;ac:&modkY rsufESmrlvsuf ajymxm;w,f/ vmrJh vm
&Sdaom udkjrifhoef;tm; awGU MuawmhvJ nOfheufBuD; ...}}
&avonf/ [k ajym&if; tjyifodkY xGuf
 cspfa<u;rajy 81
vm\/ tjyifbufüum; v ]]taxG; ... taxG; ...}}
a&mifonf vif;vsuf &Sdav a'gufwm 0if;armifonf
onf/ ,ckxufxd idkifaeaom t
a'gufwm0if;armifonf axG;tm; vSrf;ac:vdkuf\/
acgif;udk Nidrfh&if; vlrrlbuf ]]tif; ... taxG;vJ vm
odkY vSnfhav\/ w,fvm;/ aus;Zl;wif vdkuf
]]udkjrifhoef; olwdkY vm wm ...}}
Munfh MuNyDav....}} udjk rifo
h ef;\ pl;,Svsuf &Sd
aemufwiG f xdik af eaom udk ao;aom rsufvHk;tpHkonf
bdk;vSonf wHk&Daom toH 2-a,mufom;tm; wvSnfh
jzihf ajymavonf/ pDMunfhae\/
]][if ... [kwfvm;...}} [l ]]usKyfvJ vmrSm bJvdkY
aom udkjrifhoef;\ ao;i,f xifcJhw,f/ rawGUwm t
tm;enf ; aom toH E S i f h awmfMuoGm;cJhNyDaemf/ rif;
wuG awmuf a jymif o nf h wdkYrSmawmh t&ifuvdkbJ ae
rsufvHk;onf yGifhívm\/ aeMuayrJh b0u 0#frvGwf
]]tif; ... vm Mu w,f omwJh usKyfrSmawmh tckvdk
aemf ...}} jzpfae&NyD/ 'gayrJh usKyf t
jzLa,mf ao;i,f a om [Gw.f ..t[Gwf 0rf;omw,f/
vuf w H o nf apmif j cH K t auseyfw,f/ t[Gwf...t
wGif;rS xGufvm\/ [Gwf ... aoaysmfw,f...}}
82 cspfa<u;rajy
]]tif; ....}} [k a'gufwm ajymbdkY pum;? [dkwHk;u 'D
0if;armifonf oufjyif; w vdkom vrf;rjzwf&if...ig...
csuf csvu kd \ f / cifaraxG;rSm ig...t[Gwf...t[Gwf...}}
rsuf&nfawG 0Jvm\/ a'gufwm0if;armifonf
bmudk ajym&aumif;rvJ[k
]]a[m...a[m...a[m 'D awG;ae\/ udkjrifhoef;\
tcef;xJrSm MuLMuLvJ usKyf acsmif;qdk;oHESifhtwl taxG;
vdkbJ rrm&mu aooGm;&Sm \ ½du I o
f o H nf qufcg quf
w,f/ MuLMuLeJY aecJhwm cg xGufay:vsuf&Sd\/
awGudk jyefpOf;pm;rd&if aysmf
&rvdv k ekd YJ ... &ifzrkd w
d ,f/ ol ]]taxG; ... taxG; ... idk
awmfaumif;rav; t[Gwfç aeovm;/ ridkygeJYAsm/ t
ol a wmf aumif ; rav;ud k axG; ... taxG;[m 0if;armif
usKyf rdkufrdkufrSm;rSm; jyKrdcJh eJY aphpyfxm;wJh ol qdkNyD;
w,f/ 'gayrJh aocgeD;rSm usKyt f rsKd ;rsKd ;ajzcJw
h ,f/ aemuf
olcGifhvTwf&Smw,f/ tcku qH k ; rS m yif y ef ; BuD ; pG m eJ Y
pNyD; oleJY twlwlae&awmh atmifjrifcJhw,f/ usKyf[m
r,f / aemuf b 0rS m aysmf taxG;eJY a0;&wJh waeYrSm
aysmfBuD; aeMuawmhr,f/ t a[m'Dvufacsmif;awGrSm pk
[Gwf-tckrif;wdkYeJYvJ jyefcif aewJhtEkynmawGa&m-vl&JU
&NyD/ [dkwHk;u rif; ighudk udk,fusifhw&m;awGudkyg xd
vrf ; jzwf w ,f v d k Y ajymcJ h cdkuf vdrfhr,fvdkY txifcJh
w,f r[kwfvm;/ 'g[m ig om;yg/ t[Gwf... t[Gwf...
 cspfa<u;rajy 83
'gayrJh - 0if;armif[m awmhbl; ... pGefYvTwfvdkuf&
igeJY ausmif;aebuf 0if; w,f ...
armifudk ig cifw,f ... opöm
apmifhw,f... tdk ... ukefukefajymawmh
r,f/ usKyftay:rSm apw
aemuf q H k ; taxG ; eJ Y emaumif;&SmwJh MuLMuLudk
a0;NyD;wJhaemuf usKyf&JU tEk ygpGefYvTwfvdkuf&w,f....
ynm0goema&m- wEdkifiH
vHk;u cifrifaewJh emrnfudk avmbaZm wd k u f N yD ;
a&m rvdkcsifawmhbl; ... tpmudk [yfrdwJh ig;[m....
ig;rQm;csdwfpl;awmhrS owd
'gawG u d k taxG ; ud k , f
&NyD; ½kef;vdkY vGwfvmayrJh
taxG;&JU toHuav;wcGef;
ig;rQm;csdwfpl;xm;wJh 'gPf
rsuf E S m uav; wrsuf E S m
uawmh taumif;jyefjzpf r
avmufrS rrufawmhbl;...
vmawmhovdk usKyf&JU tcspf
ylavmif ajcmufcrf;ae aMumifh awmufavmif vm
wJh usKyfb0[m rpdkajycJh wJh tcspfrD;vQHudk usKyf w
bl; ... a,mufxJ Budwcf cH w hJ ,f/ t
[Gwf.... t[Gwf....}}
aysmf p &mqd k w m b,f
[mvJvdkY awG;r&cJhbl; ... ]]jrifhoef;-jrifhoef; ... ig
'gaMumifh ... usKyf&JU em em;vnfygw,fuG,f/ rif;
rnf[m tzwfq,fvdkY r& oabmawG ....}}
84 cspfa<u;rajy
]]at; ... igvJ rif;wdkY 'D rpl ; prf ; bJ rd k u f r J a om
vdbk J em;v,faevdrrhf ,f qdk pdwfwdkYjzifh tdrfaxmifa&; r
wm ,Hkygw,fuG,f/ 'Dtpm; om,matmif jyKcJhonfudk
ighrSmom vl&mr0if toHk; aemifwç &rd\/
ruswJh t&uform; b0eJY
bJ aysmfcJh&w,f/ rif;wdkY w cifaraxG;ESifh udkjrifhoef;
awGrSmawmh BuD;yGm;cJhw,f wdYkrmS wa,mufEiS hf wa,muf
r[kwfvm;/ 'gxuf cav; þrQcspfcJhMuaomfvnf; cif
a&m... cav;&w,f r[kwf araxG;rSm rdrd\ rvGwfvyf
vm;/ bmvdkY ac:rvm o rItwGuf tepfem cHum ....
vJ....}} a'gufwm 0if;armifu rnf
rQ txifvGJí ESdyfpufaecJhap
]][Gef ...}} umrl onf;cHí jyKpkcJhyHkrsm;
tm; wa&;a&; jrifa,mif
&ifxJwGif wpfqdkYaeo vm\/
jzifh a'gufwm0if;armifonf
b,fvdkrS rajzwwf/ udkjrifhoef;rSmvnf; bdef;
pm; aq;iwf aq;rjywf
udkjrifhoef;ESifh ywfouf onfhES,f wyfrufjcif; ZGJBuD;
í cifaraxG;tay:wGif w rm;cJhaomfvnf; opömapmifh
bufowf txif vGJrSm;pGm xdrf;um t&rf;uma&m rjyK
jyKcjhJ cif;wdYkukd &Suo
f vdv
k kd jzpf &SmbJ rdrd\ pGJvrf;rIudk ouf
vm\/ omvdk oufomjim; pdwf
 cspfa<u;rajy 85
xif&mESifh ajzazsmfcJh&if;rS twl;uav;vJ ol 0g
wp wp vHk;yg; yg;&jcif; oem yg&mudk wdk;wufap
jzpfav&m .... cspfcif vSonfh awmhr,f/ tvdkvdkufawmh
i,faygif; twGuf a'gufwm r,f...
0if;armifrSm toJemum ,l
MuHK;r& jzpfrdawmh\/ taxG; ... taxG;... tck
txd rif;tay:rSm txif
cifaraxG; ... udkjrifhoef; rSm;cJhwmawG? rif;b,fvdkbJ
tay:wGif rnfrQ pdwfñTwf apwemeJY vkyfay;ayrJh t
aeonfuu kd m; ... udjk rifo
h ef; aumif ; rxif c J h w mawG u d k
ESifh t&m&m wlaom olr\ cGifhvTwfawmhaemf ...}}
om; &ifaoG; twl; uav;
tm; Munfhjcif;jzifh odomEdkif a'gufwm 0if;armif\
ayonf/ &if w G i f ; 0,f bavmif q l
vm\/ rdIif;rHIrHI tcef; u
]]rSm;w,f ... rSm;w,f? ig av;wGifum; ... taxG;\
rdkufrSm;cJhw,f/ a[m'DaeYu ½du I of ?H udjk rifoh ef;\ touf
pNyD; taxG;udk ig,k,k,, ½SLoH? a'gufwm 0if;armif
jyKawmhr,f... \ oufjyif;csoHwdkYom ql
nHvsuf &Sd\/
]]jrifhoef; awmif;yefcJh
wJ h t wd k i f ; Muif e m awmh udjk rifo h ef;onf wcsufrQ
r,f... vl;vGefUvdkufcg pl;,Saom
86 cspfa<u;rajy
rsufvHk;wdkYjzifh taxG;udk jyL; ]]bmvJ- udk0if; r&awmh
í Munfh&if; jyHK;aeNyD;? ydef bl;vm; ...}}
í jzLa&mfaeaom vufwH [k ar;avonf/
jzifh acgif;&if;rS pm&Guf w ]]oGm;rSmawmh ... aocsm
&Guu f kd ,lum ... &ifbwfay: aeNyD/ 'gayrJh ... igh oli,f
wGif wifxm;\/ csif;udk oem;w,f/ ol[m
trSefawmh .... vlaumif; w
]]taxG; ... ridkeJYav? [dk a,mufyg/ ig taxG; t
wHk;u pE´,m;wD; oDcsif; ay:rSm tcspfvGefNyD; tawG;
awG qdkNyD; aysmfcJhwmawG acgif c J h v d k Y ol 'gavmuf
awG;NyD; aysmfvdkufprf;yg ...}} 'ku©jzpf&wmudk ig 0rf;eJ
w,f....}}
a'guf w m 0if ; armif
onf olwdkY tem;wGif ae& cif a raxG ; onf pd w f
onfukd pdwrf oufom ouJh ajymif;vmonfh a'gufwm
od k Y jzpf v mum tjyif o d k Y 0if;armiftwGuf tm;wuf
xGuf vmNyD; ... ESpfoufrdum b0 opfodkY
]]taxG; ....}} a&mufvm&ovdk xifrd\/
[k wdk;wdk;uav; ac:
av\/ ]]taxG;udkvJ ol tifr
taxG;onf a'gufwm wef cspf & S m ygw,f / 'gh
0if;armif\ tem;odkY oGm; aMumifh ... olvJ ao&awmhrJh
cg.... twlwl-aocgeD; b0ul;
 cspfa<u;rajy 87

aumif;oGm;atmif rif;udk,f ]]udkjrifhoef; ... taxG;udk

wdkif ayGUayGUydkufydkuf jyKNyD; ... pdwfrembl;vm;[if .... t
ol pdwfcsrf;omatmif jyKpk axG; 'gavmufawmif udk
vdkufyguG,f ...}} oef;udk 'ku©ay;&ufeJY t
axG ; ud k pd w f r emao;bl ;
cifaraxG;\ tHhtm;oifh vm;/ taxG; udkoef; cspfo
bG , f & mrsm;onf quf í vdk jyefrcspfEdkifbJeJY udkoef;
ay:vmjyef\/ &JU tcspfawGudk vufcHcJhvdkY
]]oGm;yguGm/ igvJ b,f udkoef;&JU cspfa<u;awG wif
vdkrS ratmufarh ygbl; .... cJhw,f/ 'Dta<u;awGudk t
tpu taxG;wdkY 'Davmuf axG; ... b,fvdk qyf&yghrvJ
cspfaerSef;od&ifvJ? tdk ... [if-[if- udkoef; ...}}
tckrSawmh ...}}
]]t[Gwf - t[Gwf.... t
a'gufwm 0if;armifum; [Gwf.... t[Gwf-}}
vGwfonfh ig; BuD;aejcif;
r[k w f / t[k w f w u,f aMumuf r uf bG , f & m
aemifw&rdjcif; jzpf&mu &if acsmif;qd;k oH\ tqH;k wGif udk
wGif;0,f rcsdcJh .../ jrifo
h ef;\ awmufajymifonfh
cifaraxG;onf udkjrifh rsufvHk;rsm;onf rSdwfcJh\/
oef;&Sd&modkY vmcJhum ... OD;
acgif;udk qJG,l&if; ... cifaraxG;onf ayGUxm;
&mrS ....
88 cspfa<u;rajy
]]udk0if; ....}} csrf; MunfEl;bG,f&mjzpf
[k wcsufwnf; vSrf; apaomfvnf; ....
ac:um udkjrifhoef;ESifh twl tcspf"mwf\ESyd pf uf
vJusoGm;\/ jcif;cH&ojzifh yifyef;EGrf;
ac:oHaMumifh tajy;0if &daeol a0'em&Siftzsm;
vmaom a'guf w m 0if ; a&m*gonf tbdkYwGifrl
armifonf vJaeonft h axG; omíyif a&m*gwdk;bG,f
tm; vIyfí EdI;ae\/ &m jzpfavouJhodkY ....
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