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    In Re: Williams V., 4th Cir. (2006)

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    This document summarizes a court ruling on whether a habeas petition filed by Jackie Williams should be considered a second or successive petition under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). The court determined that because Williams' previous habeas petition was granted to allow him to appeal his conviction, as permitted under Goddard, his current petition is not second or successive. However, any claims besides the appeal claim that were previously ruled on would be considered successive if raised again. Therefore, Williams cannot resurrect previously denied claims but can raise new claims not already litigated.

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    In Re: Williams V., 4th Cir. (2006)

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    This document summarizes a court ruling on whether a habeas petition filed by Jackie Williams should be considered a second or successive petition under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). The court determined that because Williams' previous habeas petition was granted to allow him to appeal his conviction, as permitted under Goddard, his current petition is not second or successive. However, any claims besides the appeal claim that were previously ruled on would be considered successive if raised again. Therefore, Williams cannot resurrect previously denied claims but can raise new claims not already litigated.

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    Filed: 2006-04-10 Precedential Status: Precedential Docket: 05-406

    Original Title

    In Re: Williams v., 4th Cir. (2006)

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    This document summarizes a court ruling on whether a habeas petition filed by Jackie Williams should be considered a second or successive petition under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). The court determined that because Williams' previous habeas petition was granted to allow him to appeal his conviction, as permitted under Goddard, his current petition is not second or successive. However, any claims besides the appeal claim that were previously ruled on would be considered successive if raised again. Therefore, Williams cannot resurrect previously denied claims but can raise new claims not already litigated.

    Copyright:

    Public Domain
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf
    22 views6 pages

    In Re: Williams V., 4th Cir. (2006)

    Uploaded by

    Scribd Government Docs
    This document summarizes a court ruling on whether a habeas petition filed by Jackie Williams should be considered a second or successive petition under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). The court determined that because Williams' previous habeas petition was granted to allow him to appeal his conviction, as permitted under Goddard, his current petition is not second or successive. However, any claims besides the appeal claim that were previously ruled on would be considered successive if raised again. Therefore, Williams cannot resurrect previously denied claims but can raise new claims not already litigated.

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    PUBLISHED

    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS


    FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
    In Re: JACKIE WILLIAMS,
    Movant.

    No. 05-406

    On Motion for Authorization to File Successive Application.


    Argued: February 2, 2006
    Decided: April 10, 2006
    Before WILKINS, Chief Judge, and NIEMEYER
    and WILLIAMS, Circuit Judges.

    Dismissed by published opinion. Chief Judge Wilkins wrote the opinion, in which Judge Niemeyer and Judge Williams joined.

    COUNSEL
    ARGUED: Linda Fang, Third Year Law Student, UNIVERSITY OF
    VIRGINIA SCHOOL OF LAW, Appellate Litigation Clinic, Charlottesville, Virginia, for Movant. Donald John Zelenka, Assistant
    Deputy Attorney General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF SOUTH CAROLINA, Columbia, South Carolina, for
    Respondent. ON BRIEF: Neal L. Walters, Hetal Doshi, Third Year
    Law Student, UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA SCHOOL OF LAW,
    Appellate Litigation Clinic, Charlottesville, Virginia, for Movant.
    Henry D. McMaster, Attorney General, John W. McIntosh, Chief
    Deputy Attorney General, Columbia, South Carolina, for Respondent.

    IN RE: WILLIAMS

    OPINION
    WILKINS, Chief Judge:
    Jackie Williams has applied for permission to file a second or successive habeas petition challenging his state court conviction for the
    murder of his wife. See 28 U.S.C.A. 2244(b)(3) (West Supp. 2005).
    He maintains, however, that his petition is not second or successive
    within the meaning of 2244(b)(3) because the district court granted
    his previous petition for the purpose of allowing him to perfect a
    direct appeal in the South Carolina Supreme Court. See In re Goddard, 170 F.3d 435, 438 (4th Cir. 1999). Because Goddard is controlling, we dismiss the application as unnecessary.
    I.
    Williams was convicted in South Carolina state court in 1996 of
    murdering his wife by burning her to death in her car. Trial counsel
    did not consult with Williams about filing an appeal, and no appeal
    was ever filed. In 1997, Williams filed an application for postconviction relief (PCR), in which he asserted, inter alia, that counsels failure to perfect an appeal constituted ineffective assistance of
    counsel (the "appeal claim"). The PCR court denied relief, and the
    South Carolina Supreme Court denied certiorari review.
    Williams thereafter filed a pro se petition for federal habeas relief
    under 28 U.S.C.A. 2254 (West 1994 & Supp. 2005). He raised three
    claims, including the appeal claim. The district court agreed with Williams that counsel had been ineffective and ordered that Williams
    habeas petition would be granted "unless, within . . . ninety (90) days,
    the State of South Carolina grants the Petitioner leave to appeal from
    his conviction." J.A. 168. The court granted summary judgment to the
    State on Williams other two claims.
    The South Carolina Supreme Court granted an extraordinary writ
    that allowed Williams to pursue a direct appeal. On appeal, Williams
    argued only that the evidence was insufficient to convict him, a claim
    the court rejected. Thereafter, Williams filed a second PCR application, claiming ineffective assistance of trial and PCR counsel, among

    IN RE: WILLIAMS

    other claims. Although Williams received an evidentiary hearing, the


    PCR court denied relief.
    Following the denial of his second application for PCR, Williams
    filed another habeas petition in federal court, raising several claims.
    The district court dismissed this petition as second or successive,
    directing Williams to file an application with this court for permission
    to file a second or successive habeas petition. Williams did so in July
    2005.
    II.
    The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
    (AEDPA) imposed strict limits on the consideration of "second or
    successive" habeas petitions, which are codified in 28 U.S.C.A.
    2244 (West 1994 & Supp. 2005). Before filing such a petition in the
    district court, the applicant must obtain leave to do so from the court
    of appeals. Leave may be granted only if the proposed habeas petition
    contains at least one claim that (a) rests on a new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive by the Supreme Court, or (b) rests on a
    previously undiscoverable factual basis that would demonstrate the
    applicants innocence by clear and convincing evidence. See 28
    U.S.C.A. 2244(b)(2); United States v. Winestock, 340 F.3d 200, 204
    (4th Cir. 2003).
    There is no question that Williams proposed habeas petition is,
    numerically, his second one. However, it is settled law that not every
    numerically second petition is a "second or successive" petition
    within the meaning of the AEDPA. For example, when a first petition
    is dismissed on technical grounds, such as failure to exhaust state
    remedies, it is not counted; thus, a subsequent petition is not considered second or successive. See Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 48586 (2000).
    In Goddard, this court ruled that when a federal prisoner uses a
    motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C.A. 2255 (West Supp. 2005) to regain
    a right to appeal, "the counter of collateral attacks pursued is reset to
    zero" such that a later 2255 motion is not second or successive.
    Goddard, 170 F.3d at 438 (internal quotation marks omitted). The
    question here is whether Goddard controls when (a) the petitioner is

    IN RE: WILLIAMS

    a state prisoner proceeding under 2254, and/or (b) the prisoner


    raises more than the appeal claim in his first habeas petition. We conclude that neither of these distinctions makes a difference.
    To begin, there is no reason why it should matter, for abuse of the
    writ purposes, whether the petitioner is a state or federal prisoner.
    This court and others have repeatedly cited 2254 and 2255 cases
    interchangeably in such circumstances. See, e.g., In re Taylor, 171
    F.3d 185, 187-88 (4th Cir. 1999); see also Andiarena v. United States,
    967 F.2d 715, 717 (1st Cir. 1992) (per curiam) (rejecting distinction
    between 2254 and 2255 for purposes of abuse of the writ doctrine). Indeed, Goddard itself relied on several cases involving habeas
    petitions pursuant to 2254 in concluding that Goddards motion
    under 2255 was not second or successive. See Goddard, 170 F.3d
    at 438.
    We also conclude that Goddard controls even though Williams
    raised claims other than the appeal claim in his first habeas petition.
    While Goddard made clear that a petitioner could not be required to
    submit all potential grounds for relief when seeking to have an appeal
    reinstated, the court did not say that a petitioner was prohibited from
    submitting additional claims. And, given the reasoning of Goddard
    that each petitioner should receive one full collateral attack after the
    right to appeal has been restored, see id. at 437, there seems to be
    no reason to place a petitioner like Williamswho included additional claims in his initial habeas petitionon a different footing than
    a petitioner who pursues solely an appeal claim.
    We cannot hold, however, that a first habeas petition that raises
    claims in addition to an appeal claim becomes a complete nullity
    when relief is granted on the appeal claim. To the contrary, circuit
    precedent and common sense dictate that a habeas petitioner cannot
    be allowed to resurrect claims previously denied on the merits simply
    because the district court has granted relief on an appeal claim.
    We consider first the circuit precedent. In United States v. Winestock, 340 F.3d 200 (4th Cir. 2003), we considered the proper treatment of a motion pursuant to Rule 60(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil
    Procedure that challenged the resolution by the district court of a
    habeas petition and raised additional claims. We held:

    IN RE: WILLIAMS

    In the absence of pre-filing authorization, the district


    court lacks jurisdiction to consider an application containing
    abusive or repetitive claims. Moreover, because the authorization requirement applies to the entire application, the
    jurisdictional effect of 2244(b)(3) extends to all claims in
    the application, including those that would not be subject to
    the limits on successive applications if presented separately.
    Id. at 205 (citation omitted). Applying the rule of Winestock to a Goddard factual scenario results in the following rule: If a habeas petitioner (state or federal) files an application for collateral relief that
    raises a successful appeal claim and additional claims, any subsequent
    petition will be considered "second or successive" if (a) the district
    court ruled on the merits of the additional claims in the initial petition,
    and (b) the petitioner seeks to raise those claims again in the subsequent petition. In such a case, "the district court should afford the
    applicant an opportunity to elect between deleting the improper
    claims or having the entire motion treated as a successive application." Id. at 207.
    The common sense reason for such a rule is clear. The rules governing second or successive habeas petitions in general, and 2244
    in particular, are grounded in principles of comity and respect for the
    finality of criminal convictions. See, e.g., McCleskey v. Zant, 499
    U.S. 467, 493 (1991) ("[T]he doctrines of procedural default and
    abuse of the writ are both designed to lessen the injury to a State that
    results through reexamination of a state conviction on a ground that
    the State did not have the opportunity to address at a prior, appropriate time; and both doctrines seek to vindicate the States interest in
    the finality of its criminal judgments."); United States v. Barrett, 178
    F.3d 34, 44 (1st Cir. 1999) ("The core of the AEDPA restrictions on
    second or successive 2255 petitions is related to the longstanding
    judicial and statutory restrictions embodied in the form of res judicata
    known as the abuse of the writ doctrine."). See generally Felker v.
    Turpin, 518 U.S. 651, 663-64 (1996) (describing the place of 2244
    in the evolution of the abuse of the writ doctrine). It would ill-serve
    these important principles to allow a habeas petitioner a second bite
    at the apple with respect to claims that have already been denied on
    the merits, regardless of the petitioners success on an appeal claim.

    IN RE: WILLIAMS

    III.
    For the reasons set forth above, we dismiss as unnecessary Williams application for leave to file a second or successive habeas petition.* Under Goddard, Williams success on the appeal claim in his
    initial habeas petition entitles him to file his current petition without
    first obtaining leave from this court. However, to the extent that Williams files a habeas petition in the district court that includes claims
    previously denied on the merits, the district court is bound, under
    Winestock, to provide Williams with the option of omitting the repetitive claims or having the entire petition treated as second or successive.
    DISMISSED
    *The State contends that Williams application should be denied
    because any habeas petition filed at this point would be barred by the
    one-year statute of limitations, see 28 U.S.C.A. 2244(d)(1). Having
    concluded that Williams is not required to seek permission to file a
    habeas petition in the district court, we think it doubtful that the timeliness of any such petition is properly before us at this time. Additionally,
    it is preferable for the district court to consider in the first instance the
    timeliness of a petition, including the question of whether Williams
    might be entitled to equitable tolling of the statute of limitations. See
    United States v. Battles, 362 F.3d 1195, 1198 (9th Cir. 2004)
    ("[E]quitable tolling issues are highly fact-dependent, and . . . the district
    court is in a better position to develop the facts and assess their legal significance in the first instance . . . ." (internal quotation marks omitted)).

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