Cast-resin Dry-type Transformers, GEAFOL

Standards and regulations They only make use of flame-retardent location. This reduces civil works, cable
inorganic insulating materials which free costs, transmission losses, and installation
GEAFOL® cast-resin dry-type transformers
comply with IEC recommendation
these transformers from all restrictions costs. 1
that apply to oil-filled electrical equipment, GEAFOL transformers are fully LI-rated.
No. 726, CENELEC HD 464, HD 538
such as oil-collecting pits, fire walls, fire- They have similar noise levels to compara-
and DIN 42 523.
extinguishing equipment, etc. ble oil-filled transformers. Taking the above
GEAFOL transformers are installed wher- indirect cost reductions into account, they
Advantages and applications ever oil-filled units cannot be used: inside are also frequently cost-competitive.
buildings, in tunnels, on ships, cranes and By virtue of their design, GEAFOL trans-
2
GEAFOL distribution and power trans- offshore platforms, in ground-water catch-
formers in ratings from 100 to more than formers are completely maintenance-free
ment areas, in food processing plants, etc. for their lifetime.
20 000 kVA and LI values up to 170 kV Often they are combined with their prima-
are full substitutes for oil-immersed trans- GEAFOL transformers have been in
ry and secondary switchgear and distribu-
formers with comparable electrical and successful service since 1965. A lot of
tion boards into compact substations that 3
mechanical data. licenses have been granted to major
are installed directly at their point of use.
manufactures throughout the world since.
GEAFOL transformers are designed for As thyristor-converter transformers for
indoor installation close to their point of variable speed drives they can be installed
use at the center of the major consumers. together with the converters at the drive

LV terminals Three-leg core

Normal arrangement: Made of grain-oriented,
Top, rear low-loss electrolami-
Special version: Bottom, nations insulated on 5
available on request at both sides
extra charge
Resilient spacers
HV terminals To insulate core and
Variable arrangements, windings from mechani-
for optimal station design. cal vibrations, resulting 6
HV tapping links on low- in low noise emissions
voltage side for adjust-
ment to system con- HV winding
ditions, reconnectable
in de-energized state Consisting of vacuum-
Cross-flow fans
potted single foil-type
aluminum coils.
7
Permitting a 50% in- See enlarged detail
crease in the rated power in Fig. 50

LV winding
Temperature monitoring Made of aluminum strip. 8
By PTC thermistor detec- Turns firmly glued
tors in the LV winding together by means of
insulating sheet wrapper
Paint finish on material
steel parts
Multiple coating, Insulation: 9
RAL 5009. On request:
Two-component varnish Mixture of epoxy resin
or hot-dip galvanizing and quartz powder
(for particularly aggressive Makes the transformer
environments) maintenance-free, moist-
ure-proof, tropicalized,
Ambient class E2 flame-resistant and self- 10
Climatic category C2 extinguishing
(If the transformer is in-
stalled outdoors, degree Clamping frame and truck
of protection IP 23 must
be assured) Rollers can be swung
around for lengthways or
Fire class F1 sideways travel
* on-load tap changers on request.

Fig. 49: GEAFOL cast-resin dry-type transformer

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 Cast-resin Dry-type Transformers, GEAFOL

HV winding
The high-voltage windings are wound
1 from aluminum foil, interleaved with high-
grade polypropylene insulating foil. The
assembled and connected individual coils
are placed in a heated mold, and are pot-
ted in a vaccum furnace with a mixture
2 of pure silica (quartz sand) and specially
blended epoxy resins. The only connec-
tions to the outside are copper bushings,
which are internally bonded to the alumi-
num winding connections.
The external star or delta connections
3 are made of insulated copper connectors
to guarantee an optimal installation design.
The resulting high-voltage windings are
fire-resistant, moistureproof, corrosion-
proof, and show excellent aging properties
under all indoor operating conditions.
4 (For outdoor use, specially designed sheet-
metal enclosures are available.)
The foil windings combine a simple wind-
ing technique with a high degree of elec-
trical safety. The insulation is subjected
5 to less electrical stress than in other
types of windings. In a conven-
tional round-wire winding,
the interturn voltage
can add up to twice the
interlayer voltage, while
6 in a foil winding it never exeeds the volt- 8
Round-wire
winding
age per turn because a layer consists of
only one winding turn. Result: a high AC 8
voltage and impulse-voltage withstand
U
capacity. 7
1
7 Why aluminum? The thermal expansion
7 8
coefficients of aluminum and cast resin are 2
so similar that thermal stresses resulting
from load changes are kept to a minimum 6 3 7
(see Fig. 50). 6
6 4
5
8 LV winding 5
4 4 3 3 2 2 1
The standard low-voltage winding with its
considerably reduced dielectric stresses is
wound from single aluminum sheets with Strip
interleaved cast-resin impregnated fiber-
9 glass fabric.
winding
The assembled coils are then oven-cured
to form uniformly bonded solid cylinders
that are impervious to moisture. Through U 2 4 6 8
the single-sheet winding design, excellent
10 dynamic stability under short-circuit con-
ditions is achieved. Connections are sub-
merged-arc-welded to the aluminum
sheets and are extended either as alu-
minum or copper busbars to the secondary 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
terminals.
1 3 5 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Fig. 50: High-voltage encapsulated winding design of GEAFOL cast-resin transformer and voltage stress of a
conventional round-wire winding (above) and the foil winding (below)

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 Cast-resin Dry-type Transformers, GEAFOL

Fire safety The properties laid down in the standards Insulation class and temperature rise
GEAFOL transformers use only flame- for ratings within the approximate category
The high-voltage winding and the low-
retardent and self-extinguishing materials relating to environment (humidity), climate
voltage winding utilize class F insulating 1
in their construction. No additional sub- and fire behavior have to be demonstrated
materials with a mean temperature rise
stances, such as aluminum oxide trihy- by means of tests.
of 100 K (standard design).
drate, which could negatively influence These tests are described for the environ-
the mechanical stability of the cast-resin mental category (code number E0, E1 and
molding material, are used. Internal arcing E2) and for the climatic category (code Overload capability
from electrical faults and externally applied number C1, C2) in DIN VDE 0532 Part 6
2
GEAFOL transformers can be overloaded
flames do not cause the transformers to (corresponding to HD 464). According to permanently up to 50% (with a corre-
burst or burn. After the source of ignition this standard, they are to be carried out on sponding increase in impedance voltage)
is removed, the transformer is self-extin- complete transformers. if additional radial cooling fans are installed.
guishing. This design has been approved The tests of fire behavior (fire category (Dimensions increase by approximately
by fire officials in many countries for instal- code numbers F0 and F1) are limited to 200 mm in length and width.) Short-time 3
lation in populated buildings and other tests on a duplication of a complete trans- overloads are uncritical as long as the
structures. former. It consists of a core leg, a low-volt- maximum winding temperatures are not
The environmental safety of the combus- age winding and a high-voltage winding. exceeded for extended periods of time.
tion residues has been proven in many The specifications for fire category F2 are
tests. determined by agreement between the 4
Temperature monitoring
manufacturer and the customer.
Categorization of cast-resin Siemens have carried out a lot of tests. Each GEAFOL transformer is fitted with
transformers three temperature sensors installed in
The results for our GEAFOL transformers the LV winding, and a solid-state tripping
Dry-type transformers have to be cate- are something to be proud of: device with relay output. The PTC thermis-
gorized under the sections listed below: ■ Environmental category E2 tors used for sensing are selected for the 5
■ Environmental category ■ Climatic category C2 applicable maximum hot-spot winding tem-
■ Climatic category ■ Fire category F1 perature. Additional sets of sensors with
■ Fire category lower temperature points can be installed
This good behavior is solely due to the
These categories have to be shown on the for them and for fan control purposes. Ad-
GEAFOL cast-resin mix which has been
rating plate of each dry-type transformer. ditional dial-type thermometers and Pt100
used successfully for decades. 6
are available, too. For operating voltages
of the LV winding of 3.6 kV and higher,
special temperature measuring equipment
can be provided.
Auxiliary wiring is run in protective conduit
and terminated in a central LV terminal 7
box (optional). Each wire and terminal is
identified, and a wiring diagram is perma-
nently attached to the inside cover of this
terminal box.

8
Installation and enclosures
Indoor installation in electrical operating
rooms or in various sheet-metal enclosures
is the preferred method of installation.
The transformers need only be protected
against access to the terminals or the
9
winding surfaces, against direct sunlight,
and against water. Sufficient ventilation
must be provided by the installation loca-
tion or the enclosure. Otherwise forced-air
cooling must be specified or provided by 10
others.

Fig. 51: Flammability test of cast-resin transformer

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 Cast-resin Dry-type Transformers, GEAFOL

Instead of the standard open terminals,

insulated plug-type elbow connectors can
1 be supplied for the high-voltage side with
LI ratings up to 170 kV. Primary cables are
usually fed to the transformer from trench-
es below, but can also be connected from
above.
2 Secondary connections can be made by
multiple insulated cables, or by busbars,
from either below or above. Secondary
terminals are either aluminum or copper
busbar stubs, drilled to specification.
A variety of indoor and outdoor enclosures
3 in different protection classes are available
for the transformers alone, or for indoor
compact substations in conjunction with
high- and low-voltage switchgear cubicles.

4 Recycling of GEAFOL transformers

Of all the GEAFOL transformers manufac-
tured since 1965, even the oldest units are
not about to reach the end of their service
life expectancy. In spite of this, a lot of
5 experiences have been made over the
years with the recycling of coils that have
become unusable due to faulty manufac-
ture or damage. These experiences show
that all the metallic components, i.e. ap-
prox. 90% of all materials, can be fully re-
6 covered economically. The recycling meth-
od used by Siemens does not pollute the
environment. In view of the value of the
secondary raw materials, the procedure
can be economical even considering the
7 currently small amounts. Fig. 52: GEAFOL transformer with plug-type cable connections

10

Fig. 53: Radial cooling fans on GEAFOL transformer for AF cooling Fig. 54: GEAFOL transformer in protective housing to IP 20/40

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 GEAFOL Cast-resin Selection Tables,
Technical Data, Dimensions and Weights

■ Standard: DIN 42523 Um LJ AC

■ Rated power: 100–20000 kVA*
[kV] [kV] [kV] 1
■ Rated frequency: 50 Hz
■ HV rating: up to 36 kV 1.1 – 3
■ LV rating: up to 780 V; 12 75 28
special designs
for up to 12 kV are 24 95** 50
* power rating > 2.5 MVA upon request
possible 36 145** 70 ** other levels upon request 2
■ Tappings on ± 2.5 % or ± 2 x 2.5 %
Fig. 55: Insulation level
HV side:
■ Connection: HV winding: delta
LV winding: star 2U 2V 2W 2N
■ Impedance 4–8 % 3
voltage at rated
current:
■ Insulation class: HV/LV = F/F
■ Temperature HV/LV = 100/100 K H1
rise:
■ Color of metal RAL 5009 (other
4
parts: colors are available)

E E
A1 B1
5
Fig. 56: GEAFOL cast-resin transformer

Rated Rated Impe- Type No-load Load Load Sound Sound Total Dimensions Distance
power voltage dance losses losses losses press. power weight between
voltage level level Length Width Height wheel
1m centers 6
toler-
ance
+ 3 dB
Sn Um U2 P0 Pk 75* Pk 120** LPA LWA GGES A1 B1 H1 E
[kVA] [kV] [%] 4GB… [W] [W] [W] [dB] [dB] [kg] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
7
100 12 4 .5044-3CA 440 1600 1900 45 59 630 1210 705 835 without wheels
4 .5044-3GA 320 1600 1900 37 51 760 1230 710 890 without wheels
6 .5044-3DA 360 2000 2300 45 59 590 1190 705 860 without wheels
6 .5044-3HA 300 2000 2300 37 51 660 1230 710 855 without wheels 8
24 4 .5064-3CA 600 1500 1750 45 59 750 1310 755 935 without wheels
4 .5064-3GA 400 1500 1750 37 51 830 1300 755 940 without wheels
6 .5064-3DA 420 1800 2050 45 59 660 1250 750 915 without wheels
6 .5064-3HA 330 1800 2050 37 51 770 1300 755 930 without wheels 9
160 12 4 .5244-3CA 610 2300 2600 47 62 770 1220 710 1040 520
4 .5244-3GA 440 2300 2600 39 54 920 1290 720 1050 520
6 .5244-3DA 500 2300 2700 47 62 750 1270 720 990 520
6 .5244-3HA 400 2300 2700 39 54 850 1300 725 985 520 10
24 4 .5264-3CA 800 2200 2500 47 62 910 1330 725 1090 520
4 .5264-3GA 580 2200 2500 39 54 940 1310 720 1095 520
6 .5264-3DA 600 2500 2900 47 62 820 1310 725 1075 520
6 .5264-3HA 480 2500 2900 39 54 900 1350 765 1060 520
Dimensions and weights are approximate values and valid for 400 V on the secondary side, vector-group can be Dyn 5 or Dyn 11. Rated power figures in parentheses are not standardized.
* In case of short-circuits at 75 °C
** In case of short-circuits at 120 °C

Fig. 57: GEAFOL cast-resin transformers 50 to 2500 kVA

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 GEAFOL Cast-resin Selection Tables,
Technical Data, Dimensions and Weights

Rated Rated Impe- Type No-load Load Load Sound Sound Total Dimensions Distance
power voltage dance losses losses losses press. power weight between
1 voltage level level Length Width Height wheel
1m centers
toler-
ance
+ 3 dB
Sn Um U2 P0 Pk 75* Pk 120** LPA LWA GGES A1 B1 H1 E
2 [kVA] [kV] [%] 4GB… [W] [W] [W] [dB] [dB] [kg] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

250 12 4 .5444-3CA 820 3000 3500 50 65 1040 1330 730 1110 520
4 .5444-3GA 600 3000 3400 42 57 1170 1330 730 1135 520
6 .5444-3DA 700 2900 3300 50 65 990 1350 740 1065 520
3 6 .5444-3HA 570 2900 3300 42 57 1120 1390 745 1090 520
24 4 .5464-3CA 1050 2900 3300 50 65 1190 1390 735 1120 520
4 .5464-3GA 800 2900 3300 41 57 1230 1400 735 1150 520
6 .5464-3DA 880 3100 3600 50 65 990 1360 735 1140 520
4 6 .5464-3HA 650 3100 3600 41 57 1180 1430 745 1160 520
36 6 .5475-3DA 1300 3800 4370 50 65 1700 1900 900 1350 520
(315) 12 4 .5544-3CA 980 3300 3800 52 67 1160 1370 820 1125 670
4 .5544-3GA 720 3300 3800 43 59 1320 1380 820 1195 670
5
6 .5544-3DA 850 3400 3900 51 67 1150 1380 830 1140 670
6 .5544-3HA 680 3400 3900 43 59 1290 1410 830 1165 670
24 4 .5564-3CA 1250 3400 3900 51 67 1250 1410 820 1195 670
4 .5564-3GA 930 3400 3900 43 59 1400 1440 825 1205 670
6
6 .5564-3DA 1000 3600 4100 51 67 1190 1410 825 1185 670
6 .5564-3HA 780 3600 4100 43 59 1300 1460 830 1195 670
36 6 .5575-3DA 1450 4500 5170 51 67 1900 1950 920 1400 670
400 12 4 .5644-3CA 1150 4300 4900 52 68 1310 1380 820 1265 670
7
4 .5644-3GA 880 4300 4900 44 60 1430 1380 820 1290 670
6 .5644-3DA 1000 4300 4900 52 68 1250 1410 825 1195 670
6 .5644-3HA 820 4300 4900 44 60 1350 1430 830 1195 670

8 24 4 .5664-3CA 1450 3900 4500 52 68 1410 1440 825 1280 670

4 .5664-3GA 1100 3900 4500 44 60 1570 1460 830 1280 670
6 .5664-3DA 1200 4100 4700 52 68 1350 1480 835 1275 670
6 .5664-3HA 940 4100 4700 44 60 1460 1480 835 1280 670
9 36 6 .5675-3DA 1700 5100 5860 52 68 2100 2000 920 1440 670
(500) 12 4 .5744-3CA 1350 4900 5600 53 69 1520 1410 830 1320 670
4 .5744-3GA 1000 4900 5600 45 61 1740 1450 835 1345 670
6 .5744-3DA 1200 5600 6400 53 69 1470 1460 845 1275 670
10 6 .5744-3HA 980 5600 6400 45 61 1620 1490 845 1290 670
24 4 .5764-3CA 1700 4800 5500 53 69 1620 1500 835 1330 670
4 .5764-3GA 1270 4800 5500 44 61 1830 1540 840 1350 670
6 .5764-3DA 1400 5000 5700 53 69 1580 1540 850 1305 670
6 .5764-3HA 1100 5000 5700 45 61 1720 1560 850 1320 670
36 6 .5775-3DA 1900 6000 6900 53 69 2600 2050 940 1500 670
Dimensions and weights are approximate values and valid for 400 V on the secondary side, vector-group can be Dyn 5 or Dyn 11. Rated power figures in parentheses are not standardized.
* In case of short-circuits at 75 °C
** In case of short-circuits at 120 °C

Fig. 58: GEAFOL cast-resin transformers 50 to 2500 kVA

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 GEAFOL Cast-resin Selection Tables,
Technical Data, Dimensions and Weights

Rated Rated Impe- Type No-load Load Load Sound Sound Total Dimensions Distance
power voltage dance losses losses losses press. power weight between
voltage level level Length Width Height wheel 1
1m centers
toler-
ance
+ 3 dB
Sn Um U2 P0 Pk 75* Pk 120** LPA LWA GGES A1 B1 H1 E
[kVA] [kV] [%] 4GB… [W] [W] [W] [dB] [dB] [kg] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] 2
630 12 4 .5844-3CA 1500 6400 7300 54 70 1830 1510 840 1345 670
4 .5844-3GA 1150 6400 7300 45 62 2070 1470 835 1505 670
6 .5844-3DA 1370 6400 7400 54 70 1770 1550 860 1295 670
6 .5844-3HA 1150 6400 7400 45 62 1990 1590 865 1310 670
3
24 4 .5864-3CA 1950 6000 6900 53 70 1860 1550 845 1380 670
4 .5864-3GA 1500 6000 6900 45 62 2100 1600 850 1400 670
6 .5864-3DA 1650 6400 7300 53 70 1810 1580 855 1345 670
6 .5864-3HA 1250 6400 7300 45 62 2050 1620 860 1370 670
4
36 6 .5875-3DA 2200 7000 8000 53 70 2900 2070 940 1650 670
(800) 12 4 .5944-3CA 1850 7800 9000 55 72 2080 1570 850 1560 670
4 .5944-3GA 1450 7800 9000 47 64 2430 1590 855 1640 670
5
6 .5944-3DA 1700 7600 8700 55 72 2060 1560 865 1490 670
6 .5944-3HA 1350 7600 8700 47 64 2330 1600 870 1530 670
24 4 .5964-3CA 2100 7500 8600 55 72 2150 1610 845 1580 670
4 .5964-3GA 1600 7500 8600 47 64 2550 1650 855 1620 670
6
6 .5964-3DA 1900 7900 9100 55 71 2110 1610 860 1590 670
6 .5964-3HA 1450 7900 9100 47 64 2390 1630 865 1595 670
36 6 .5975-3DA 2600 8200 9400 55 72 3300 2140 950 1850 670
1000 12 4 .6044-3CA 2200 8900 10200 55 73 2480 1590 990 1775 820
7
4 .6044-3GA 1650 8900 10200 47 65 2850 1620 990 1795 820
6 .6044-3DA 2000 8500 9700 56 73 2420 1620 990 1560 820
6 .6044-3HA 1500 8500 9700 47 65 2750 1660 990 1560 820
24 4 .6064-3CA 2400 8700 10000 55 73 2570 1660 990 1730 820 8
4 ..6064-3GA 1850 8700 10000 47 65 3060 1680 990 1815 820
6 .6064-3DA 2300 9200 10500 55 73 2510 1680 990 1620 820
6 .6064-3HA 1750 9600 11000 47 65 2910 1730 990 1645 820
36 6 .6075-3DA 3000 9500 10900 55 73 3900 2200 1050 1900 820 9
(1250) 12 6 .6144-3DA 2400 9600 11000 57 75 2900 1780 990 1605 820
6 .6144-3HA 1850 10500 12000 49 67 3370 1790 990 1705 820
24 6 .6164-3DA 2700 10000 11500 57 75 3020 1820 990 1635 820
6 .6164-3HA 2100 10500 12000 49 67 3490 1850 990 1675 820 10
36 6 .6175-3DA 3500 11000 12600 57 75 4500 2300 1060 2000 520

Dimensions and weights are approximate values and valid for 400 V on the secondary side, vector-group can be Dyn 5 or Dyn 11. Rated power figures in parentheses are not standardized.
* In case of short-circuits at 75 °C
** In case of short-circuits at 120 °C

Fig. 59: GEAFOL cast-resin transformers 50 to 2500 kVA

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 GEAFOL Cast-resin Selection Tables,
Technical Data, Dimensions and Weights

Rated Rated Impe- Type No-load Load Load Sound Sound Total Dimensions Distance
power voltage dance losses losses losses press. power weight between
1 voltage level level Length Width Height wheel
1m centers
toler-
ance
+ 3 dB

2 Sn Um U2 P0 Pk 75* Pk 120** LPA LWA GGES A1 B1 H1 E

[kVA] [kV] [%] 4GB… [W] [W] [W] [dB] [dB] [kg] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

1600 12 6 .6244-3DA 2800 11000 12500 58 76 3550 1840 995 2025 1070
6 .6244-3HA 2100 11400 13000 50 68 4170 1880 1005 2065 1070
3 24 6 .6264-3DA 3100 11800 13500 58 76 3640 1880 995 2035 1070
6 .6264-3HA 2400 12300 14000 49 68 4080 1900 1005 2035 1070
36 6 .6275-3DA 4300 12700 14600 58 76 5600 2500 1100 2400 1070
(2000) 12 6 .6344-3DA 3600 14000 16000 59 78 4380 1950 1280 2150 1070
4 6 .6344-3HA 2650 14500 16500 51 70 5140 1990 1280 2205 1070
24 6 .6364-3DA 4000 14500 16500 59 78 4410 2020 1280 2160 1070
6 .6364-3HA 3000 14900 17000 51 70 4920 2040 1280 2180 1070
36 6 .6375-3DA 5100 15400 17700 59 78 6300 2500 1280 2400 1070
5 2500 12 6 .6444-3DA 4300 17600 20000 62 81 5130 2110 1280 2150 1070
6 .6444-3HA 3000 18400 21000 51 71 6230 2170 1280 2205 1070
24 6 .6464-3DA 5000 17600 20000 61 81 5280 2170 1280 2160 1070
6 .6464-3HA 3600 18000 20500 51 71 6220 2220 1280 2180 1070
6 36 6 .6475-3DA 6400 18700 21500 61 81 7900 2700 1280 2400 1070

Dimensions and weights are approximate values and valid for 400 V on the secondary side, vector-group can be Dyn 5 or Dyn 11. Rated power figures in parentheses are not standardized.
* In case of short-circuits at 75 °C
** In case of short-circuits at 120 °C
Rated power >2500 kVA to 20 MVA on request.
7
Fig. 60: GEAFOL cast-resin transformers 50 to 2500 kVA

10

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 Special Transformers

GEAFOL cast-resin transformers Linking single-pole tap-changer modules

together in threes by means of insulating
with oil-free tap-changers shafts produces a triple-pole tap-changer in 1
either star or delta connection for regulat-
The voltage-regulating cast-resin trans- ing the output voltage of GEAFOL trans-
formers connected on the load side of the formers. In its nine operating positions,
medium-voltage power supply system feed this type of tap-changer has a rated
through-current of 500 A and a rated volt-
the plant-side distribution transformers.
age of 900 V per step. This allows voltage 2
The tap-changer-controlled transformers
used in these medium-voltage systems fluctuations of up to 8100 V to be kept un-
need to have appropriately high ratings. der control. However, the maximum con-
Siemens offers suitable transformers in its trol range utilizes only 20% of the
GEAFOL design which has proved suc- rated voltage.
cessful over many years and is available in 3
ratings of up to 20 MVA. With forced cool-
ing it is even possible to increase the pow-
er ratings still further by 40%. The range of
rated voltage extends to 36 kV and the
maximum impulse voltage is 200 kV. The
main applications of this type of transform- 4
er are in modern industrial plants, hospi-
tals, office and appartment blocks and
shopping centers.

10

Fig. 61: 16/22-MVA GEAFOL cast-resin transformer with oil-free on-load tap changer

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 Special Transformers

Transformers for thyristor

1 converters

These are special oil-immersed or cast-

resin power transformers that are desig-
ned for the special demands of thyristor
2 converter or diode rectifier operation.
The effects of such conversion equipment
on transformers and additional construc-
tion requirements are as follows:
■ Increased load by harmonic currents
3 ■ Balancing of phase currents in multiple
winding systems (e.g. 12-pulse systems)
■ Overload factor up to 2.5
■ Types for 12-pulse systems, if required.
Siemens supplies oil-filled converter trans-
4 formers of all ratings and configurations
known today, and dry-type cast-resin con-
verter transformers up to more than
20 MVA and 200 kV LI.
To define and quote for such transformers,
it is necessary to know considerable de-
5 tails on the converter to be supplied and
on the line feeding it. These transformers
are almost exclusively inquired together
with the respective drive or rectifier sys-
tem and are always custom-engineered for
6 the given application.

Neutral grounding transformers

7 When a neutral grounding reactor or
ground-fault neutralizer is required in a
three-phase system and no suitable neutral
is available, a neutral must be provided
Fig. 62: Dry-type converter transformer GEAFOL
by using a neutral grounding transformer.
8 Neutral grounding transformers are avail-
able for continuous operation or short-time
operation.
The zero impedance is normally low.
The standard vector groups are zigzag or
9 wye/delta. Some other vector groups are
also possible.
Neutral grounding transformers can be
built by Siemens in all common power For further information please contact:
ratings. Distribution transformers:
10 Normally, the neutral grounding transform- Fax: ++49-7021-508548
ers are built in oil-immersed design, how-
ever, they can also be built in cast-resin Power transformers:
design. Fax: ++49-911-4342147

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