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    Shahmukhi Alphabet

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    jatinder.kang
    Shahmukhi is a Perso-Arabic alphabet used to write the Punjabi language. It became commonly used in Pakistani Punjab after Partition, while Gurmukhi is more common in Indian Punjab. Shahmukhi is written right-to-left and includes some additional letters compared to the Arabic alphabet. It represents Punjabi sounds through diacritics and ligatures from Persian and Arabic.

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    Shahmukhi Alphabet

    Uploaded by

    jatinder.kang
    345 views4 pages
    Shahmukhi is a Perso-Arabic alphabet used to write the Punjabi language. It became commonly used in Pakistani Punjab after Partition, while Gurmukhi is more common in Indian Punjab. Shahmukhi is written right-to-left and includes some additional letters compared to the Arabic alphabet. It represents Punjabi sounds through diacritics and ligatures from Persian and Arabic.

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    Shahmukhi alphabet

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    Shahmukhi is a Perso-Arabic alphabet used to write the Punjabi language. It became commonly used in Pakistani Punjab after Partition, while Gurmukhi is more common in Indian Punjab. Shahmukhi is written right-to-left and includes some additional letters compared to the Arabic alphabet. It represents Punjabi sounds through diacritics and ligatures from Persian and Arabic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    345 views4 pages

    Shahmukhi Alphabet

    Uploaded by

    jatinder.kang
    Shahmukhi is a Perso-Arabic alphabet used to write the Punjabi language. It became commonly used in Pakistani Punjab after Partition, while Gurmukhi is more common in Indian Punjab. Shahmukhi is written right-to-left and includes some additional letters compared to the Arabic alphabet. It represents Punjabi sounds through diacritics and ligatures from Persian and Arabic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Shahmukhi alphabet

    Shahmukhi alphabet
    Not to be confused with Gurmuki, the Punjabi script used in India and other countries.

    Shahmukhi
    Type

    Abjad

    Languages

    Punjabi

    Parent systems Proto-Sinaitic


    Phoenician

    Aramaic

    Nabataean

    Arabic

    Persian

    Shahmukhi

    Unicode range U+0600 to U+06FF [1]


    [2]
    U+0750 to U+077F
    [3]
    U+FB50 to U+FDFF
    [4]
    U+FE70 to U+FEFF

    Shahmukhi alphabet

    Extended Perso-Arabic script

    History

    Transliteration

    Diacritics

    Hamza

    Numerals

    Numeration

    v
    t

    e [5]

    Shahmukhi (Punjabi: , meaning literally "from the King's mouth") is a Perso-Arabic alphabet used to
    write the Punjabi language. It is generally written in Nastalq hand. Perso-Arabic is one of two scripts used for
    Punjabi, the other being Gurmukhi.
    The Shahmukhi alphabet was first used by the Sufi poets of the Punjab; it became the conventional writing style for
    the Muslim populace of the Pakistani province of Punjab following the Partition of India, while the largely Sikh
    province of Punjab, India adopted the Gurmukhi script to record the Punjabi language.
    Its' use in Indian Punjab is mainly confined to the elderly generation who lived on the other side of the border before
    partition, although it is also recommended to be studied for students studying at M.A level in Punjabi.
    It is however, used as the main alphabet to write the Pothohari dialect in Indian Jammu and Kashmir
    Shahmukhi is written from right to left, while but Gurmukhi is written from left to right. Below is the comparison of
    the two scripts:

    Shahmukhi alphabet

    The Gurumukhi sounds (), ng (), (), nh (/) are all written with : : nun ghunna (nun without dot). In
    initial and medial positions, the dot is retained.
    ( Bari ye) is only found in the final position, when writing the sounds e () or (), and in initial and medial
    positions, it takes the form of .
    There are three signs used when indicating a short vowel: (), (), (): a, u, i.
    Examples: ( ) qalam-pen ( ) ghup-dense ( ) lih-consideration
    at the beginning of a word, short vowels are written as follows: , ,
    Long vowels are expressed with , , and as follows:
    Initial- ( ): ( ): e, ( ): ( ): ( ): au, o Medial- Final-
    Consonants are doubled with () ex: ( ): Allh ( ): Kachch: unripe

    Additional letters
    There are a few additional letters that are occasionally used. This unicode is approved in 2006. They are:
    bbe -
    jje -
    e -
    ggaf -
    rnoonh -

    Shahmukhi alphabet

    Loanwords
    In Punjabi there are many Arabic and Persian loanwords. There are some sounds in these words which were not
    previously found in South Asian languages before the influence of Arabic and Persian, and these are therefore
    represented by introducing dots beneath specific Gurumukhi characters. Since the Gurmukhi alphabet is phonetic,
    any loanwords which contained pre-existing sounds were more easily transliterated without the need for characters
    modified with subscript dots beneath.






    this is often transliterated in many ways due to its changing sound in various Arabic/Persian words.

    References
    [1]
    [2]
    [3]
    [4]
    [5]

    http:/ / www. unicode. org/ charts/ PDF/ U0600. pdf


    http:/ / www. unicode. org/ charts/ PDF/ U0750. pdf
    http:/ / www. unicode. org/ charts/ PDF/ UFB50. pdf
    http:/ / www. unicode. org/ charts/ PDF/ UFE70. pdf
    http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:Arabic-script_sidebar& action=edit

    External links
    Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration System: A Corpus based Approach (http://www.cicling.org/2008/
    RCS-vol-33/12-Saini.pdf)
    The Western Panjabi Alphabet (http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/western-panjabi-alphabet.html)
    Learn Shahmukhi (http://www.apnaorg.com/shahmukhi/)
    Likhari in Shahmukhi (http://www.likhari.org/shamukhi.htm)
    Kalam-e-Baba Nanak (http://apnaorg.com/poetry/nanak/)
    Punjabi and Punjab (http://www.punjabiandpunjab.com/)
    E-Book on Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi (http://www.apnaorg.com/books/hazarasingh/)
    PDF on Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi (http://www.saanjhpunjab.org/)

    Article Sources and Contributors

    Article Sources and Contributors


    Shahmukhi alphabet Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=613284544 Contributors: Aarp65, Abdullah Geelah, Alai, AlexanderKaras, Ali-Rana-77, Angr, AnonyLog, Anupam,
    Arjayay, Arvind Iyengar, AyyoubW, Basawala, Bogdan Nagachop, ChrisGualtieri, DaGizza, DePiep, Derek R Bullamore, Dijan, Drmccreedy, Evertype, Firsfron, Gareth Griffith-Jones, Golbez,
    Harisingh, Hendrick 99, Indiantrumpet, Io Herodotus, Islescape, John of Reading, Jonsafari, JMa, Katangoori, Kate, Khalid Mahmood, Kwamikagami, Leewonbum, Lethe, Lfdder, Lockley,
    Mar4d, Mchapra, Meh.ahd, Mirajbibi, RaviC, Ruakh, Sajidnch, ShakirButtar, Si Gam, Sohailstyle, Stallions2010, Strider11, Sukh, Tahmasp, TalkChat, Thomas Milo, Tslocum, Varolay,
    Vpendse, Wamiq, Widefox, Wiki Wikardo, Yuje, Zaheen, Zidi-jattt, Zulfikkur, , , 48 anonymous edits

    Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors


    Image:Shahmukhi1.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Shahmukhi1.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Varolay

    License
    Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
    //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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