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    Ph117 Intro

    Uploaded by

    Manas J. Aggarwal
    This document provides orientation information for a first year physics lab course. It outlines the details of the lab including location, experiments, schedule, rules, evaluation criteria and references. Key points include: - The lab contains 8 required experiments that students will complete on a rotating schedule over 6 sessions per week starting in January. - Students must follow safety and documentation rules, including bringing manuals to the first class and recording data with pen only in journals submitted the same day. - Experiments are evaluated for 60% of the course grade, with the remaining 40% based on an end of term exam. - The document provides guidance on conducting experiments, analyzing data, estimating errors and presenting results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ph117 Intro

    Uploaded by

    Manas J. Aggarwal
    347 views24 pages
    This document provides orientation information for a first year physics lab course. It outlines the details of the lab including location, experiments, schedule, rules, evaluation criteria and references. Key points include: - The lab contains 8 required experiments that students will complete on a rotating schedule over 6 sessions per week starting in January. - Students must follow safety and documentation rules, including bringing manuals to the first class and recording data with pen only in journals submitted the same day. - Experiments are evaluated for 60% of the course grade, with the remaining 40% based on an end of term exam. - The document provides guidance on conducting experiments, analyzing data, estimating errors and presenting results.

    Original Description:

    Intro to PH117 Lab at IIT Bombay

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    This document provides orientation information for a first year physics lab course. It outlines the details of the lab including location, experiments, schedule, rules, evaluation criteria and references. Key points include: - The lab contains 8 required experiments that students will complete on a rotating schedule over 6 sessions per week starting in January. - Students must follow safety and documentation rules, including bringing manuals to the first class and recording data with pen only in journals submitted the same day. - Experiments are evaluated for 60% of the course grade, with the remaining 40% based on an end of term exam. - The document provides guidance on conducting experiments, analyzing data, estimating errors and presenting results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    347 views24 pages

    Ph117 Intro

    Uploaded by

    Manas J. Aggarwal
    This document provides orientation information for a first year physics lab course. It outlines the details of the lab including location, experiments, schedule, rules, evaluation criteria and references. Key points include: - The lab contains 8 required experiments that students will complete on a rotating schedule over 6 sessions per week starting in January. - Students must follow safety and documentation rules, including bringing manuals to the first class and recording data with pen only in journals submitted the same day. - Experiments are evaluated for 60% of the course grade, with the remaining 40% based on an end of term exam. - The document provides guidance on conducting experiments, analyzing data, estimating errors and presenting results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    FIRST YEAR PHYSICS LAB

    (PH 117)
    Orientation Lecture
    S. Dhar
    Dept. of Physics, IITB

    Contact details:
    Subhabrata Dhar
    Course Instructor In-charge (CII)
    Phone No. 7578
    Email: [email protected]
    Vijay Wagh [email protected]
    Snehal Narvekar [email protected]
    Ph. 4599

    About the lab:


    Location : First floor of the pre-engineered
    building in hill side (beside Vihar house) The entry is by the
    staircase opposite to the Vihar house wall perpendicular to the main road
    to the hill side (from the market gate). Chemistry lab is just below us.
    Total No. of experiments to be performed: 8
    Lab runs in 6 sessions per week
    Lab session starts on Monday, 11th Jan., 2016
    First class is devoted for orientation (familiarization of experiments)
    You have to bring the manuals when you come for the first class. Manuals will
    be uploaded in moodle.
    Experiments by cyclic order
    No lab during the midsem exam week.

    Your first experiment will be expt. No. 7, if your batch


    number is written as P8/7. (P8 is your batch)

    Rules and regulations

    Read the file error_analysis.pdf [uploaded in moodle server] carefully


    Instruction manuals are also uploaded in moodle server
    Read the instructions manuals carefully.
    Late coming is not allowed.
    You have to bring paper file cover (once), physics journal sheets,
    Graph sheets, calculator, pencil, scale, eraser
    No repeat turn (except in emergency/medical cases)
    No rough paper/rough data record
    Recording of data with pen only
    Copy of the instruction manual is not allowed during the lab hours
    Journals to be submitted on the same day of the experiment.
    Journals will be returned after correction on the next lab turn.
    Look at the notice board in front of the lab for all announcements
    MOBILE PHONES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN THE LAB. BUT YOU
    CAN KEEP THEM SWITCHED OFF INSIDE THE BAGS.

    Time table
    P11

    THU

    9.30 AM

    P12

    MON

    9.30 AM

    P13 & 14

    TUE

    9.30 AM

    P1

    FRI

    2 PM

    P2

    TUE

    2 PM

    P3 & 4

    THU

    2 PM

    What is expected from you


    Fully prepared about the details of experiment
    Honesty and sincerity both in data collection and
    analysis
    Careful handling of apparatus
    Overall discipline and no malpractice

    Objectives
    To demonstrate theoretical concepts
    Training on planning an experiment with
    precision/accuracy.
    Meticulous data collection
    Estimation of the precision of the results.
    Drawing correct conclusions.

    Evaluation scheme
    60 marks for insem
    (avergae of 8 experiments)
    40 for endsem

    List of Experiments
    1
    2
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.

    Diffraction of light
    Grating spectrometer
    Fresnels Bi-prism
    e/m
    Helmholtz Coil
    LCR Circuit
    Thermal conductivity by Lees Disc method
    Centrifugal Force

    About the journal

    Preparation - Aim, apparatus, working formulae, diagrams

    Data - In proper tabular form (only with pen)

    Graph

    Calculations

    Fractional and absolute error estimation

    Final result with the absolute error

    About drawing graphs

    Proper scale so that the area of the sheet is effectively used.


    Label the axes
    Write down the scales
    Show the qualitative best fit line.
    For calculating slope of straight lines, use a triangle as big as
    possible. Also show the triangle.

    Resistance vs. Temperature graph


    30

    Resistance (unit)

    25

    X axis scale : 1cm =------- units


    Y axis scale : 1cm =------- units

    slope =BC/AC=......

    20

    15

    10

    Temperature (unit)

    Significant digits and accuracy


    1

    The least count of the scale = 1cm


    The length of the rod is 4-5 cm
    THE LENGTH OF THE ROD IS 4.50.5 cm
    If the L.C. is 0.1 cm, then the probable answer can be 4.6-4.7 cm
    Or 4.65 0.05 cm.
    In this case, an answer like 4.648278 cm is just ABSURD.

    Number of significant digits in 15.3754 is SIX


    Number of significant digits in 15 is TWO
    Number of significant digits in 15.0 is THREE
    Number of significant digits in 12 x 1017 is TWO

    Types of errors

    Blunders

    Systematic errors
    Ignorance of correction factor between theory and expt.
    Faulty apparatus
    Experimenters bias

    Random errors
    Due to the random fluctuations in the system being measured.

    In this course, you are expected to find out only the random errors. It is sufficient to
    be aware of the systematic errors.

    Estimation of random error (x) in the


    measurement of x

    Random error is measured by repeated measurements.


    That is, for a large number of repeated measurements of x,

    Average value,

    1
    x=
    N

    1
    x Standard deviation, =
    N

    For just two measurements, x=

    i =1

    (xi x )

    i =1

    x1 x2

    If the random error is less than L.C., x = L.C./2

    1/ 2

    Combination of random errors


    f
    f
    xy
    (f) = (x)+ (y)
    c.x
    f=c x
    x/y or x.y
    f x y
    = +
    f x y

    c.xmynzp

    x y pz
    m + n +

    x y z

    f = ln x

    f= x/x

    f = exp (x)

    (f/f)= x

    (f/f), (x/x), (y/y) etc. are called the


    fractional errors
    Absolute error in f or (f) = (f/f). faverage

    Final result = (f f) units

    Estimation of random error from the graph


    Resistance vs. Temperature graph
    45

    X axis scale : 1cm =------- units


    Y axis scale : 1cm =------- units

    40

    Resistance (unit)

    35
    30
    25

    S1

    20

    S= (S1~S2)/2

    15

    S2
    S

    10
    5
    0

    Temperature (unit)

    Final answer is (S S) units

    10

    Assume that wave length ( ) of light is being


    measured using an experiment.
    Let average = 5885 (May be from the best fit line)
    Let (/) given by the calculator be 0.00357845.
    (i.e. calculated using the slopes of the limiting lines)
    = average . (/) = 5885 x 0.00357845 = 23.54783478

    The final result is (5890 20)

    Termination of decimal places in the final result


    Consider an experiment to determine g
    Calculation yields a value of g= 9.832648 m/s2.

    Result

    0.00041

    (9.8326 0.0004)

    0.00734

    (9.833 0.007)

    0.0243

    (9.83 0.02)

    0.2813

    (9.8 0.3)

    1.1325

    (10 1) OR (9.8 1.1)

    Finally, 9.8, 9.80 and 9.800 are all different!

    In the manual, for each experiment, specific suggestions are


    given regarding
    * Quantities to be measured and evaluated
    * Quantities to be tabulated
    * Guide lines for the error estimation

    References:
    B. L. Worsnop and H. T. Flint (Advanced
    practical Physics for students)
    G. L. Squires (Practical Physics)

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