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    Diffrencial Equation

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    Diffrencial Equation

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    9 views6 pages

    Diffrencial Equation

    Uploaded by

    singhaditya5569
    Mind map

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Definition Differential Equation

    An equation involving the dependent variable and


    independent variable and also the derivatives of the
    dependable variable is known as differential equation. Order and Degree of a Differential
    For example:
    Equation
    Order
    The order of a differential equation is the order of the
    highest derivative involved in the differential equation
    For example:

    Order is 1

    Degree
    The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the
    highest differential coefficient when the equation has
    been made rational and integral as far as the differential
    coefficients are concerned.
    For example:

    Degree is 2
    Solution of a Differential Equation Differential Equation

    The solution of the differential equation is


    a relation between the independent and
    dependent variable free from derivatives
    satisfying the given differential equation.

    (a) General solution (or complete primitive)


    The general solution of a differential
    equation is the relation between the
    variables (not involving the derivatives)
    which contain the same number of the
    Types of arbitrary constants as the order of the
    differential equation.
    solution
    (b) Particular solution or Integral
    A solution which is obtained by giving
    particular values to the arbitrary
    constants in the general solution is
    called a particular solution
    Differential Equations with Variables Separable Differential Equation

    If a first order-first degree equation can be expressed in


    such a manner that coefficient of dx is f(x) & coefficient
    of dy is g(y), then we say that variable are separable. A
    first order-first degree differential equation is of the form
    DE Reducible to variable separable

    Above equation can also be written as:


    [if F(x, y) can be expressed as (If b = 0 this is directly variable Separable)

    product of g(x) & h(y)] To solve this, Substitute : t = ax + by + c

    Separating the variables, we have Then the eq. Reduces to separable type in
    the variable t and x which can be solved.
    ∴ Integrate both sides
    Which is the required solution
    Homogeneous Differential Equations Differential Equation
    An equation in x & y is said to be homogeneous
    if it can be put in the form where f(x, y)
    & g(x, y) are homogeneous functions of the same Equations Reducible to the
    degree in x & y. Homogenous Form
    Here, is
    an example of homogeneous differential equation.
    To solve the homogeneous differential equation

    Substitute y = vx & so
    Thus
    Therefore, solution is
    Differential Equation Linear Differential Equations

    A differential equation of the form where P & Q are constants

    or functions of x only, is known as a First Order Linear Differential Equation.


    Example:
    Steps to Solve First Order Linear Differential Equation:
    (i) Write the given differential equation in the form →
    (ii) Find the Integrating factor →
    (iii) Write the solution of the given differential equation as

    Note that if the first order differential equation is in the form


    where P’ & Q’ are constants or function of y only.
    Then & the solution of the differential equation is given by
    Differential Equation

    Differential equation reducible to the linear form:

    Sometimes equations which are not linear can be reduced


    to the linear form by suitable transformation.
    Exact Differential Equation
    Here, …(i)
    A differential equation is said to be exact if it
    Let, f(y) = u ⇒ f’(y)dy = du can be derived from its solution (primitive)
    directly by differentiation, without any
    Then (i) reduces to elimination, multiplication etc.
    For example, the differential equation xdy + ydx
    Which is of the linear = 0 is an exact differential equation as it is
    derived by direct differentiation for its solution,
    differential equation form.
    the function xy = c.

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