Thomas Loew

Kathrin Ankele
Sabine Braun
Jens Clausen

Significance of the CSR debate for sustainability

and the requirements for companies
Summary

Project partners:

future e.V. Environmental

Institut for Ecological Economy

Initiative of Entrepreneurs

Research GmbH (IW)

Sponsored by:
Federal Ministry for the
Environment, Nature Conservation
and Nuclear Safety

Objectives of the study

The EU started work on the development of a political
concept to promote corporate social responsibility (CSR)

thereby create a level of social stability that was all but

in 2000. Neither this process nor the ongoing internation-

unimaginable in Europe during this period [CARROLL 2003].

al research into CSR have attracted much attention in

Germany so far, but this now seems likely to change,
given the growing momentum of the EU process and the
increasingly international orientation of many German
companies. The research project Significance of the
international debate on CSR for sustainability and the
resulting requirements for companies and, in particular,
corporate reporting was initiated to examine the issues
related to CSR in the context of Germany. Key research
questions included the nature of the relationship between

laborative relationships with the local authorities and

CSR and sustainable management, how CSR, corporate

citizenship (CC) and sustainable management can be
distinguished, and whether the development of the CSR
process entails any new obligations for companies.

The intellectual CSR debate in the USA

The intellectual debate on social responsibility began
in earnest in the USA in 1950 and the first major work on
the subject, Bowens Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, appeared in 1953. Starting with the observation
that the economy influences the life of citizens in many
areas, Bowens investigation into the obligations of companies concluded that a company's social responsibilities
have to reflect the expectations and values of society.
Initially it was a company's owners who were expected to
discharge its responsibilities, but over time the emphasis
changed and the focus shifted to the consequences for
society of the actions of the company as a whole.
Davis [1967] attached little importance to the individual

The history of the CSR concept

interests of people or companies and suggested instead

The structure of the economy in the countries we now

that the total benefit to society resulting from the use of

refer to as industrialized changed fundamentally around

the means of production was the most important factor.

the end of the 19th century. Large enterprises representing a significant concentration of power began to emerge
while smaller regional companies became less significant.

The four theoretical CSR models

Four models (CSR1 to CSR4) constitute the milestones of

It was the great significance and reach of these new

the intellectual debate on CSR [WADDOCK 2003; FREDERICK

companies in society that first put the issue of the cor-

1992]. CSR1, which remained prominent from 1960 until

porate responsibility on the public agenda. Some of the

the late 1970s, views companies as an element of society

more philanthropic entrepreneurs behind the emerging

with corresponding obligations and responsibilities and

enterprises responded positively to the questions asked

contends that since they make use of non-monetary

of them and began to improve the situation of their

social benefits, they should also show themselves to be

employees by building accommodation and enhancing

responsible agents in society and heed the consequences

working conditions.

of their actions on society for ethical reasons. This construct effectively established the CSR idea and is the

The classical laissez-faire economic model remained

foundation on which subsequent concepts are based.

dominant until around 1930, when it was replaced by a

new system in which the state assumed a more active
and critical role. This caused companies to engage in
new activities intended to improve working and living
conditions for employees, for example, or facilitate social
progress. Anticipative strategies such as the well-known
program that led to the foundation of a large number of
libraries in the USA enabled companies to build up col-

2004 FUTURE E.V. AND INSTITUTE FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH GMBH (IW)

FIGURE 1: LEVELS OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY [SOURCE: CARROLL 2003]

Maximum Wealth

Charitable/
philantropic

Be a good corporate citizen

Desired

3
Ethical

Be ethical
Expected

Legal

Obey the law

Required

Economic

Make profit
Required

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CSR DEBATE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPANIES: SUMMARY

The next significant step came with the recognition of

the fact that companies that accept and embrace these
responsibilities are able actively to shape their relationship with society. This exerting of influence by companies
on their social environment came to be known as corporate social responsiveness (CSR2, first discussed in the
mid-1970s). CSR2 presupposed internal analyses, targets
and planning processes, which shifted the focus in subsequent development activities onto the actual, demonstrable achievements of the company (its corporate social
performance or CSP) and the issue of how to measure
them. The CSR3 and CSR4 concepts did not appear until
the 1980s and 1990s. CSR3, corporate social rectitude,

addresses the integration of ethical issues into central

corporate decision making, while CSR4, Cosmos, Science
and Religion, attempts to put the significance of individual companies into perspective and stresses the importance of natural science and meaning for the development
of societys institutions. Thus far, however, the ideas and
concerns raised by CSR3 and CSR4 have failed to gain any
significant foothold in either the intellectual debate or
general corporate practice [WADDOCK 2003].

CSR and international standardization

In June 2004, a conference convened by the International Standardisation Organization in Stockholm discussed
whether CSR should become the subject of an international standardization process [ISO 2004]. The majority
of delegates spoke out in favour of the development of
guidelines, culminating in an ISO resolution to commence
work now [ISO 2004A]. Long before the conference,
Germanys standardisation organisation Deutsches Institut fr Normung (DIN) had expressed its opposition to
standardization efforts in relation to CSR. Since then, the
subject of CSR has been with DINs Security Commission. In light of current developments, DINs position
remains open (as at 30.6.04).

2004 FUTURE E.V. AND INSTITUTE FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH GMBH (IW)

The European CSR process

The UK was for a long time the only European country
to pick up the CSR approach. The European Union (EU)

Interpretation of CSR
Being socially responsible, in the eyes of the European

started to develop its own concept of CSR in 2000/2001

Commission, means going beyond compliance and

in line with the strategy adopted in Lisbon in 2000. Also

investing more in human capital, the environment and

known as the Lisbon objective, this strategy calls for the

relations with stakeholders [EUROPEAN COMMISSION

EU, to become the most competitive and dynamic knowl-

2002B:3]. The Commission places particular emphasis

edge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable

on the importance of integrating CSR permanently into

economic growth with more and better jobs and greater

corporate governance and establishing corresponding

social cohesion by 2010 [EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2001C:2].

principles and objectives. These principles and objectives,

The EUs strategy for sustainability is also tied in to the

it stresses, must be carried over into strategy develop-

Lisbon objective. Published in 2001, the sustainability

ment, investment planning and general day-to-day

strategy identifies CSR as an important contribution to be

activities. The Commission also stresses the significance

made by business to a sustainable economy and it is this

of reporting, audits and labeling schemes in this context

position that underlies the political drive to promote CSR

and discusses the role of environmentally and ethically

[EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2001C].

sound investments (social responsible investment or SRI)

as important drivers for CSR.

EU Green Paper on CSR

The EUs first major publication concerning CSR, the

The European Commission believes that few existing

Green Paper Promoting a European Framework for

standards and guidelines span the full breadth of CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility, also appeared in 2001

and recommends a global debate on reporting in order

(EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2001B). The official title of the

to evolve a global consensus on the type of information

German version of the document gives particular empha-

to be disclosed, the reporting format to be used, and the

sis to the social aspect even though it is clear from the

reliability of the evaluation and audit procedure.

content of the Green Paper that the EUs definition of CSR

places equal weight on societal and ecological activities.
The European Commission did not intend to attach special
emphasis to what might be termed the social pillar of
sustainability in this context.

The European Multi-Stakeholder Forum

The Commission continued the consultation process
in 2002, during which it set up the European MultiStakeholder Forum on CSR (EMS Forum) [EUROPEAN COMMISSION

An initial phase of consultation followed the publication

2002B]. Charged with supporting information sharing

on CSR between experts and interest groups and develop-

of the Green Paper and the results are summarized in the

ing recommendations to promote CSR, the EMS Forum

European Commissions 2002 Communication Corporate

represents the first broad-based political process initiated

Social Responsibility: A business contribution to Sustain-

to develop a common understanding of sustainable

able Development (EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2002B).

management matters within Europe. Industry associations, trade unions, environmental and social NGOs and

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CSR DEBATE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPANIES: SUMMARY

consumer protection organizations are all represented in

the Forum. Representatives of the EU and organizations
active in the area of CSR (such as the OECD and ILO) have
observer status. The EMS Forum was first convened in
2002 and will complete its work in summer 2004.
The participants in the EMS Forum work on two levels:
High-level meetings are held to determine the organizations direction, procedures and agenda and compile
interim results, but the actual sharing of information
and experience takes place in four Round Table working
groups (Table 1).
A working group comprising national representatives

on CSR (the High-Level Group of National Social Representatives on CSR or CSR HLG) was set up alongside the
EMS Forum in an attempt to ensure systematic knowledge
sharing between the Member States and the DirectorateGeneral (DG) for Employment and Social Affairs, which
is responsible for CSR matters within the EU [EUROPEAN
COMMISSION 2003G]. This body consists exclusively of
staff delegated from the ministries responsible for CSR
in the various Member States.
Assessment of the European CSR process
The European CSR process has led to an intensive
debate concerning the potential contribution of business
to sustainable development. The systematic exchange
of views and knowledge between the interest groups at
European level has revealed both, the common ground
and where the differences lie. A common understanding
as to which social and ecological sustainability problems
can be influenced positively by companies and their
operations is emerging.
Although the exchange of information was sucessful
the EMS Forums self-restriction on consensual issues
calls the impact of the process into question. Critical
issues like the development of an ISO-Standard to
CSR or a mandatory reporting could not be discussed
systematically.

2004 FUTURE E.V. AND INSTITUTE FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH GMBH (IW)

TABLE 1: THE EMS ROUND TABLES [SOURCE: AUTHORS ORIGINAL BASED ON EUROPEAN COMMISSION, NO YEAR SPECIFIED]

Round Table

Topics

Improving knowledge about CSR and

facilitating the exchange of experience
and good practice

Overview of how definitions of CSR vary across different

cultures, companies and industries

Presentation of three initiatives to integrate CSR into

companies

Identification of CSR processes that can help companies

in complicated situations

Significance of CSR for SMEs

Presentation of three genuine examples from the

SME sphere

Opportunities for promoting CSR in SMEs

Ensuring that CSR practice and instruments remain

credible and transparent

Benefits, success factors and obstacles

Specific issues addressed: labeling, codes of conduct,

environmentally and ethically sound investment (SRI),
reporting

ILO standards

CSR and responsibility for suppliers

Combating corruption and graft

Fighting poverty

CSR management and economic, social and ecological

consequences in developing countries

Fostering CSR among SMEs

Diversity, convergence and

transparency of CSR practices
and tools

Development aspects of CSR

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CSR DEBATE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPANIES: SUMMARY

The CSR debate in Germany

Germany lacks the long tradition of CSR familiar from
the Anglo-Saxon economies. The emergence of the

include the promotion of codes of conduct in the areas of

European CSR strategy and the increasingly international

foreign direct investment and procurement. The German

outlook of German companies, however, have raised the

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Develop-

profile of the CSR concept and while the CSR debate in

ment (BMZ) initiated a round table on procurement as

the country is still in its infancy, the associated issues are

part of its Aktionsprogramm 2015 (action plan) to reduce

now being examined and incorporated into the relevant

poverty worldwide and this has already achieved some

fields. There is still a pronounced tendency in Germany

success in the form of the Foreign Trade Association of

to look at CSR as the social pillar of sustainability, which

German Retailers (AVE) sector model. Other activities

is a far narrower definition than that used by the EU and

mentioned by the German government include the in-

imposes inappropriate limits on the scope of the debate.

volvement of all interest groups in the multi-stakeholder

German Standardization Committee DIN-NAGUS, which

At the political level

The issue of CSR is coordinated at the political level in

The activities cited by the German federal government

Germany by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour

(BMWA), which states: Corporate Social Responsibility
is an important issue for the German federal government.
It should, however, be noted when considering the social
commitments of business above and beyond the obliga-

mirrors the development of the ISO 14000 series as well

as the working group on human rights and business
(Menschenrechte und Wirtschaft) set up by the German
Federal Foreign Office in 1999.
At the level of trade associations
The Federation of German Industries (BDI) refers to the

tions imposed by law that Germany already has a relative-

numerous voluntary activities of German companies and

ly large number of regulations in force (for example in

is opposed to any further regulatory moves in this area.

respect of environmental standards) and that there is

Citing the growing range of commitments at the European

accordingly less scope for additional activities [BADE

level, the BDI fears, that additional standards and regula-

2003:9]. The BMWA report quoted here makes it clear

tions are being developed that will squeeze the existing

that there are many established activities in Germany that

CSR tools and the various CSR issues into a one-size-fits-

support CSR; closer examination reveals that most if not

all compromise solution and thereby make it difficult for

all were originally initiated without any connection to CSR.

FIGURE 2: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CSR AND SUSTAINABILITY DEBATE (SOURCE: AUTHORS ORIGINAL)

Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social
Responsiveness
Issue Management

World Conservation
Strategy

Environmental Debate
1950

1960

1970

1980

companies to realize innovative commitments voluntarily

and develop efficient CSR strategies [SCHALL 2003].
The Confederation of German Employers Associations
(BDA) also recognizes CSR as an important topic, suggesting that, the focus should be on voluntary CSR measures
carefully tailored for each sector and company in order
to achieve optimal efficiency [BDA OFFICIAL JOURNAL].
The work of the BDA centers on strengthening the International Labour Organization (ILO), which has been working with the issue of corporate responsibilities to society
for thirty years.

CSR and sustainable development

Figure 2 charts the historical development of the CSR

and sustainable development concepts. CSR came first
and was originally concerned, from the perspective of
business at least, primarily with social matters. The idea
of sustainable development emerged from the environmental protection debate and was established at the
political level as a guiding principle for society as a whole
at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Work
to derive a concept for business did not begin in earnest
until the mid-1990s. Today the concepts of CSR and
sustainable development overlap in many areas.

Stakeholder Theory

Corporate Social Performance

Implementation processes

CSR

Rio Conference
Brundtland Report

Corporate Sustainability

Agenda 21

Harmonisation
Union of social and
environmental goals
Stakeholder oriented
issue management

Johannesburg
World Summit

Sustainable Development
1990

2000

2010

CSR and corporate citizenship

The term corporate citizenship has also come into wide-

A coherent and definitive system of terminology can

spread use in recent years in connection with the social

be developed on the basis of the definitions already in

commitments of companies. This term is getting popular

general use. These fixed points of reference in the system

in the German business community and is often inaccu-

of terminology include the sustainability principle in its

rately used as a synonym for CSR. There are in fact sig-

original universal form and the interpretation of CSR

nificant differences between the two ideas. Corporate

provided by the European Commission, which seems

citizenship relates to a companys commitment to ad-

bound to prevail given the broad-based nature of the

dressing problems in society above and beyond its own

associated political process. The terms sustainable man-

business activities and is usually limited to the companys

agement and corporate citizenship (CC) have as yet no

local environment. Typical examples of corporate citizen-

generally accepted definitions. They have therefore to be

ship include donation and sponsorship (corporate giving),

interpreted based on the fixed points CSR and sustainable

the creation of benevolent company institutions (corpo-

devolopment.

rate foundations) and the direct involvement of company

10

Recommended terminology system

staff in social projects and undertakings (corporate

volunteering) [MUTZ 2003].

The principle of sustainable development as it is understood today is usually traced back to the definition offered by the Brundtland Commission: sustainable devel-

The CSR concept is far broader in its scope: it encom-

opment is, a form of development that meets the needs

passes the fundamental responsibilities of the company

of the present without compromising the ability of future

and all of its contributions to sustainability irrespective

generations to meet their own needs [HAUFF 1987:46].

of whether the activities concerned form part of or lie

This principle relates to the whole of society and entails a

outside its ordinary business activities.

clear political objective. Social, ecological and economic

concerns, the Brundtland Commission concluded, must be
given equal consideration if sustainable development is to
become a reality. The sustainability principle additionally
includes the ideas of both intragenerative and intergenerative justice.
Companies are challenged to help society as a whole to
achieve a sustainable development. Sustainable management thus revolves around what the company does to
advance sustainability and attempts to maximize its
contribution in this respect. The minimum requirements
for sustainability in society as a whole are reviewed
systematically and efforts are made to ensure that they
are always met. Like the principle of sustainability itself,
sustainable management covers all three dimensions of
sustainability (that is to say the ecological, economic and
social aspects).

2004 FUTURE E.V. AND INSTITUTE FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH GMBH (IW)

The European interpretation of CSR also looks at the

companys contributions to sustainability, although CSR
is generally restricted to ecological and social challenges
and thus covers only two of the three pillars of sustainability. Corporate profitability remains a limiting factor and
economic contributions to the sustainability of society
as a whole are not considered. CSR thus constitutes an
element of sustainable management.
The voluntary nature of CSR also remains important in
the current political process and the focus is very much on
voluntary measures above and beyond what is required
by law [E.G. EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2001A]. The trade associations reject additional regulations in this area precisely
because such a move would reduce or eliminate the
voluntary aspect [BDA, BDI OFFICIAL JOURNAL]. There is no
indication at present of a similar approach being taken
to regulation in respect of sustainable management even
though work on this issue also centers largely on instruments and measures intended to achieve objectives
additional to those required by law.
The need to ensure compliance with statutory provisions is recognized as fundamental and elementary in
both the CSR and sustainable management concepts.
This raises the question of whether measures such as
corresponding management systems (with or without
external accreditation), for example, are not in fact a
constituent of both concepts. Ultimately, only practical
experience will reveal the answer.
The system of terminology described above is shown in
graphic form in Figure 3 and detailed in full in Table 2.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CSR DEBATE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPANIES: SUMMARY

11

FIGURE 3: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CSR, CC AND SUSTAINABLE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SOURCE: AUTHORS ORIGINAL)

Macro level:
society as a whole

Sustainable Development

Contribution of
the company

12

Micro level:
business

Corporate
Citizenship

Corporate
Social
Responsibility

Corporate
Sustainability

2004 FUTURE E.V. AND INSTITUTE FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH GMBH (IW)

TABLE 2: TERMS RELATING TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CSR (SOURCE: AUTHORS ORIGINAL)

Definition
generally
accepted?

Term

Definition

Level

Sustainable
development

Sustainable development is, a

form of development that meets
the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own
needs [HAUFF 1987:46].

Society as
a whole

yes

Sustainable
management

Sustainable corporate governance

is a model of corporate governance
designed systematically to optimize
the companys efforts to achieve
social, ecological and economic
sustainability objectives. Measures
necessary to further this aim are
implemented on both the strategic
and the operational levels.

Company

no

Corporate
Social
Responsibility
(CSR)

CSR is, a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business
operations and in their interaction
with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. [EUROPEAN COMMISSION
2001A:5]

Company

Corporate
Citizenship
(CC)

Corporate citizenship relates to the

company's commitment to solving
social problems in its local environment and around its sites above and
beyond its actual business activities.
Corporate citizenship activities
include donation and sponsorship
(corporate giving), the creation of
benevolent company institutions
(corporate foundations) and the
direct involvement of company staff
in social projects and undertakings
(corporate volunteering). Activities
with no direct benefit to the company and activities that generate some
form of economic return can both
fall under the concept of corporate
citizenship.

Company

Comments

The authors have derived this

definition from the sustainability
principle.

13
Europe:
yes
international: no

no

The EU clarified its position further

in its Communication of 2002: being
socially responsible, means going
beyond compliance and investing
more in human capital, the environment and relations with stakeholders [EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2002B: 3].
Ensuring compliance with statutory
provisions thus constitutes one of
the necessary conditions for CSR.
Original definition formulated with
reference to Westebbe and Logan
[1995] and Mutz and Korfmacher
[2003].

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CSR DEBATE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPANIES: SUMMARY

Requirements for corporate reporting

Despite or perhaps even because of the large
number of guidelines, standards and catalogs of criteria
already in existence, there is considerable demand in the
business and political spheres for an aggregate summary
of the sustainability requirements faced by companies.
One of the initial objectives of the present research project, moreover, was to determine whether the European
CSR strategy entails any new requirements for companies.
The comparative analysis of the development of CSR,
corporate citizenship and sustainable management
indicated no new requirements.
The catalog of requirements developed in respect of
corporate sustainability reporting is based on a fusion
and evaluation of the key guidelines and standards,
primarily GRI [2002], SA 8000 [SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY INTER-

14

NATIONAL 2001],

SAM [2003], oekom research [2003],

SustainAbility [2002], Global Compact [2001], future

[2000], IW [2001], etc. and a thorough debate with
a wide range of interest groups.
The last stage in the evolution of the catalog of requirements involved comparing the final draft with ten selected
reports from companies listed on Germanys DAX-30
index. This exercise found that the reports did address
most of the issues mentioned in the catalog of requirements. Most companies are quite advanced in their
reporting of environmental matters, but devote less
attention to the issues of countering corruption, taxes
and subsidies, the contribution made to regulatory
frameworks and biodiversity.

2004 FUTURE E.V. AND INSTITUTE FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY RESEARCH GMBH (IW)

TABLE 3: FUTURE-IW-CATALOG OF REQUIREMENTS FOR SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING (SOURCE: AUTHORS ORIGINAL)

Specific requirements

A.1 General information

about the company

A.2 Strategy and

management

A.3 Employee interests

A.4 Social responsibility

in the local area

A.5 Ecological and

social aspects
of products and
services

A.6 Ecological issues

in production

A.7 Objectives and

program

A.8 Sources of more

detailed information

Sales revenue, employees, sites

Divisions, products/product groups
Ownership, company structure
Vision and strategy
Management systems and tools
Description of ongoing and planned activities with external
interest groups
Remuneration, incentive systems
Working time models
Training and personal development
Employee rights and payroll
Diversity and equal opportunities
Gender non-discrimination
Labor protection, health and safety at work
Responsible conduct as an employer and customer
Donation, sponsorship and support for the local area
Taxes and subsidies
Activities to counter corruption
Human rights
Contribution to political life and regulatory frameworks
Discussion of key ecological and social issues throughout the product lifecycle
Description of key environmental issues in product development
Environmental protection and working conditions in the supply chain
Fair trade
Customer orientation and consumer protection
Energy management and climate protection
Hazardous substance emissions to air
Raw materials and material consumption
Waste management
Water management
Logistics and transportation
Production and transport accidents, release of chemicals, fuels and oils
Nature conservation, biodiversity and use of land
Targets achieved in the reporting period
Description of objectives and measures
Disclosure of contact details
Invitation to request further information

Universal requirements

B.1 Credibility

B.2 Comparability

B.3 Objectivity and

clarity

B.4 Communicative
quality

Statement of the board of management

Audits
Compliance
Disclosure of unresolved problems
Evaluation by external bodies
Details of accounting principles (scope of application)
Details of how information is ascertained and interpreted
Significant developments during the period under review
Focus on key quantitative and qualitative aspects
Clarity and accessibility of the reporting structure and the selected data
Layout
Text
Figures

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CSR DEBATE FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPANIES: SUMMARY

15

Editorial deadline: 30th June 2004

Complete final report:

Contacts:

Thomas Loew, Kathrin Ankele,

future e.V. Office Munich

Institute for Ecological Economy

Sabine Braun, Jens Clausen:

Sabine Braun

Research GmbH (IW)

Significance of the CSR debate for

Ickstattstrae 26 (Mgb.)

Thomas Loew

sustainability and the requirements

D-80469 Munich

Potsdamer Strae 105

for companies.

Tel.: +49 89 20 20 56-22

D-10785 Berlin

Munster, Berlin 2004

Fax: +49 89 20 20 56-50

Tel.: +49 30 88 45 94-0

www.ranking-nachhaltigkeitsberichte.de

E-mail: [email protected]

Fax: +49 30 8 82 54 39
E-mail: [email protected]