Cat Greek Coins 00 Be Me Rich

UC-NRLF
GREEK COINS
SELECTED FROM THE CABINET
CLARENCE
FHII
S.
BEMENT,
H1A
Esq.
GIFT or
JANE K.SATHER
DESCRIPTIVE
CATALOGUE
Ol
GREEK COINS
SELECTED FROM THE CABINET
OF
CLARENCE
S.
BEMENT,
PHILADELPHIA
THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

BROADWAY AT 156th STREET
NEW YORK
1921
Esq
^r3
y\
62
PURCHASE
ST.
FOREWORD
manuscript of this catalogue had reached the
printer s hands Mr. Clarence 8. Bement, the owner of the coins here
described, became very ill and now for many months has been unable
to carry further whatever plans he may have had for the development
of his already splendid collection of antique coins. This interruption is
most unfortunate, considering his achievements in other h elds, for Mr.
Bement has long been prominent in a small group of Americans who
find relaxation from their occupations in the pursuit of some branch of
art or science and devote no inconsiderable amount of time, money,
and industry to the collection of material illustrative of the subjects
Their enthusiasm and their collections have
that claim their interest.
done much to develop our libraries, museums, art galleries, and other
SOON
after the
agents of public education.
Mr. Bement s interest in books and prints resulted in the forma

one of the noted private libraries of the country. This library
was disposed of several years ago, some of the fine volumes passing
through the hands of the late Mr. Harry Widener to Harvard Universi
tion of
ty,
while
many
rare prints
went
into the possession of a distinguished
Philadelphia jurist.
It was to minerals that Mr.
Bement devoted the most of his leisure

His collection, purchased by the late Mr. J.
Pierpont Morgan for the American Museum of Natural History in New
York City, is rated 4t the finest ever made by a private individual".
Its real value is not measured so much by the more than 12,000 su
perior specimens as by the scientific importance given it by the dis
had a
criminating care of an industrious student of the subject, who
of
and
was
one
of
the
most dis
minerals,
comprehensive knowledge
ever
minerals
collectors
that
and
bought
intelligent
cerning
It has been only a few years since Mr. Bement became interested
At first this interest extended to both ancient and modern
in coins.
but
the
latter, including the American series, soon ceased to be
coins,
and the greatest
care.
"
".
He has there
attractive, because lacking historical or artistic values.
fore of late concentrated his attention on Greek and Roman coins, his
which grew rapidly. Studious and painstaking he has
a
of far greater value to science than its actual cost
collection
up
in money, a. collection which should by some means pass into public
collections of
built
ownership.
T.
St.ptemberl.lW21.
4 G 8968
L.
c.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
THE
following catalogue includes only a small portion of the col

lection of Greek coins in the cabinet of Mr. Clarence S. Bement, Phil
adelphia, and embraces none of his much larger and, if possible, finer
In answer to the natural question, why the
collection of Roman coins.
entire collection of Greek coins was not included, it may be said that
such a publication would place before the various classes of persons in terested in the study of antiquity a great deal of material that is already
available in numerous treatises as well as in scientific and sales cata
seemed useless, therefore, to include the hundreds of speci

mens found in almost every considerable collection of Greek coins or
even the scores possessed by many collectors. A complete catalogue of
Mr. Bement s Greek coins would, in addition to the useful purpose of
this publication, chiefly have served to exploit the riches of his carefully
selected collection, a consideration quite foreign to his desires. Accord
ingly, the selection of the 370 specimens that are here described has
been restricted to examples that are either very rare or at least not very
abundant. Among the latter will be found some that have been in
logues.
It
cluded because of their exceedingly fine state of preservation, being

often rare in that important respect.
If, however, almost perfect preservation had been made a controll
ing or even an important principle in choosing specimens from Mr.
Bement s collection for this catalogue, almost the entire contents of his
cabinet would have been included. For thanks to a long experience as
a collector of various objects that engaged his interest, especially in
forming a large library of rare books and prints as well as in bringing

together a now renowned collection of minerals, Mr. Bement began the
acquisition of antique coins with a lively sense of the important part
the fine condition of a specimen contributes to the owner s satisfaction
and also to the progressive development of a collection. That was a
great advantage, and a glance at the plates of this catalogue will dis
close to the expert eye how well he made use of it.
The catalogue has been prepared with notes of a varied character,

not always numismatic, perhaps not always relevant, in the modest
hope
of making it useful to a larger public than that to which bare
descrip-
[KTBODUCTORY None
would appeal. No effort has been made to contribute*

anything new, though in numerous places will be found statements that
tions of the coins
are at variance with the generally accepted views. The sources of the
material used are too well known to require special mention.
The writer desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. Edward
T. Newell, President of the American Numismatic Society, for helpful

suggestions and corrections also to Mr. Sydney P. Noe, Secretary of
the same Society, and to Mrs. Agnes Baldwin Brett, for assistance in
;
tracing the provenience of
many specimens
as well as for various sug
gestions.
T.
L.
COMPAKETTE.
CATALOGUE OF GREEK COINS

ITALY
ETRURIA
authentic history of the Etruscans has been preserved, and that
little has to do
two of their independence. We shall probably know a great deal
when the numerous Etruscan inscriptions have been read. Their
empire was once extensive and they possessed a large sea-power. Their decline began with the
defeat of their fleet combined with that of Carthage by Hieron of Syracuse off Cumae in B. C.
474, and was hastened by the fall of Veii in 386 B. C.
Though the Etruscans attained a high
of
civilization
at
an
struck
no
coins until the fifth century B. C.
degree
early period, yet they
Very
little
chiefly with the last century or

more of this remarkable people
Uncertain Mint, Fifth Century B. C.

\
hind, A
11.11 gr. 1 22.5 mm.

Obv.
the whole within circle of dots.
Stater
yR.
(=5)
Young male
head, laureate,
r.
be
Rev. Plain.
Prowe
Coll.
plain reverse
and marks of value characterize many of the Etruscan coins.
Atella was an ancient Samnite town that had evidently been conquered by the Etruscans at
an early period when the empire of the latter embraced a portion of the Campania. Samnite in
fluence long survived, however, as the Oscan inscriptions on the coins show for the town struck
no coins till about 250 B. C. The place was famous in antiquity as the place where the Fabulae
Atellanue originated, a sort of farce comedy long held in esteem at Borne.
;
Hexas
Al.
13.00 gr.
around, circle of dots.

Rev. / J<13Flf\l (ADERL)
27 mm.
Two
Head
Obv.
1.,
Hag an
r.
behind,
generals standing face to face, wearing cuirasses,

in 1., their raised swords in r. hands
in
paludamenta, and high boots, holding a pig

field to
of Zeus, laureate,
border of dots. 2
17.
This abbreviation is, in all cases, for grammes.

2
The arrow-head following the designation "Rev. gives the position of the reverse die relative
to that of the obverse assumed to be in a vertical position.
,

The
:;
reverse type shows an oath-scene in which the representatives of two states are making
It is the old Italic rite of solemnizing a treaty.
a treaty.
Nuceria Alfaterna was originally an Oacan town situated on the Sarnus river a few miles
The town was conquered by the Romans in {OS H. C. and made a ciritanfoe<lerata,
south of Xola.
but the anti-Roman party led a revolt a few years later. It was promptly reduced to submission,
but again showed a spirit of independence in B. C. 280 when Pyrrhus landed in Italy.
It was at
this time that the coinage of silver began at Nuceria and lasted until Rome instituted the silver
Denarius coinage in
IJ.
C. 268.
B. C. 280-268.
^.
Carapanian Didrachm
rHVl/IM)HVM
1.
7.77 gr.
22.r>
;.
Nuvkrinum AlafaternuHi).
mm.
Obv.
ITIVMOTN8NJN
Youthful male head, with ram
horn,
behind, cantharus; around, circle of dots.

Rev.
ff.
local
Castor, with sceptre in left hand, standing and holding horse by bridle.
Chapman.
There are no satisfactory explanations of the types on

myths and thus mark the anti-Roman influence.
this coin,
but they probably refer to
was probably a Samnite town but the site of it is unknown. The fact that the
have inscriptions in Oscan on one side and in Greek on the other has led
to the suggestion that the town stood near the border of Campania, and this is continued by the
The coins were thus expected to circulate in both countries, but
tind-place of many of the coins.
the standard on which they were struck is Campanian.
Phistelia
silver coins of Phistelia
B.
4
-K.
Campanian Didrachm
Rev. 4- ÎVJTÎS (retrograde).
Mathey Coll.
The types doubtless
K.
Rev. I
relate to local
Campanian Didrachm
8RHVR
Null
l-i
C.
380-350.
21ft mm.
7.fo~>gr.\
Man-headed
bull
Obv.
Head
myths, and the man-headed bull very

;
below,
7J^
gr.
lit
of
nymph,
facing.
1.
mm.
likely is
a river-god.
Obv. Similar to preceding.
fish.
H. Chapman.
Suessa Arunca doubtless belonged in Campania at an early period, but was later included in
The city was founded by Arunca or the Ausones, who were regarded in legend as the
most ancient inhabitants of lower Italy. Suessa was one of the twelve Roman colonies which,
whether because wasted by war or because they had lost heart and become lukewarm in the cause
of Rome, declared their inability to meet the demands for men and money required of them in H. C.
I
.at in in.
205) to
Rome
continue the struggle with Hannibal.
demands and forced the
As
in so
many
regarded their course as a revolt, doubled the
levy.
other allied cities Suessa struck no coins until about H. C. 2SO,
when
the
Pyrrhic war upset commercial and financial relations in the South. Silver coins only were struck
from that date till H. C.
when the denarii coinage was instituted by Rome and nearly all
2(>H,
non-Roman
Italian mints ceased to coin silver.
Circ.
6
ate,
r.,
^.
Campanian Didrachm:
with long hair
B. C. 280-268.
6\^,9 gr.
behind, barley-head
22mm.
Obv.
Head
of Apollo, laure
Rev.
SVESANO
palm-branch across
r.
shoulder, riding
Hermann Weber
/Sir
(in exergue).
1.
Horseman, wearing pileus and carrying

and leading a second horse.
filleted
Coll.
types of this coin are without special local significance, both being borrowed. The
Apollo-head is an imitation of a Croton type, whilst the reverse is taken from a Tarentine coin.
The
APULIA.
Arpi was founded, according
lie called his
directly to Italy.
then to Arpi.
reverse of this
to Servius
new
(Ad Aen. XI, &6), by Diomed, who went from Troy
Argos Hippion, which was
city
later corrupted to Argyrippa,
The myth may have been current at Arpi and thus explain the horse-type on the
coin.
The town came under Roman domination in B. C. 326 and remained loyal
during the war with Pyrrhus, but went over to Hannibal following the disaster at Cannae in
217 B. C.
B.
Circ.
JR.
Campanian Didrachm
215.
C.
6.70 gr.;
22.5mm.
Obv.
APPANQN
Persephone 1., crowned with barley, wearing earring and necklace

head around, circle of dots.
Head
of
behind, barley-
Rev. +^
Sir
The head
Syracusan coin.
and
Horse, prancing,
Hermann Weber
of
1.
above, eight-pointed star
beneath,
A AIOY.
Coll.
doubtless an imitation, derived directly or indirectly from a

the reverse is probably that of Altinius Dasius, a magistrate
That shifty person
had
infidus socius, vanus hostis (Livy 24, 45)
Persephone
is
The name AAIOT on
sort of tyrant at Arpi.
induced his townsmen to desert
Rome
for Hannibal, but
when
the
Romans drew near
to
Arpi he
slipped out to their camp and offered, for a reward, to betray the town with its Punic garrison.
The Romans interned him at Gales, while Hannibal burned his family alive and confiscated his
property.
Teate was the chief city of the Marruciui. The city formed an alliance with Rome in 303
Though twice devastated by the Carthaginians during the Hannibalic war, Teate remained
loyal to the Romans, winning thereby the latter s deepest gratitude and considerable fame.
B. C.
Circ.
./E.
Pentoncion
15.84 9 r
$3
B.
mm
C. 217.
-
Obv.
Head
of Pallas
r.,
in crested
Corin
thian helmet, with earring above,

around, linear circle.
Owl perched r. on Ionic capital; to right, five points in perpen
Rev. [ TIATI
dicular line, above which, crescent around, linear circle.
;
Venusia was located on the Via Appia in the southwestern part of Apulia in a rich agricul
The place was captured by the Romans in 262 B. C. and a colony sent there to
form a bulwark against both the Apulians and the Lucaniaus, as Horace specifically states, Sat.
This Roman element of the city was greatly weakened during the exhausting Hannibalic
II, 134.
war and in 200 B. C. commissioners were appointed to add to it. Venusia was the birthplace of
Horace, who has a number of allusions to the countryside, especially to the River Afidus that
flowed some fifteen miles north of the city.
tural district.
Circ.
9
ivy,
r.,
B.
C.
268-217.
1&.
Nummus 31.09 gr. 34.5 mm. Obv. Head of Dionysus, crowned with
with long loose hair; behind, VE in monogram; around, circle of dots.
;
CATALOGUK OF CKKKK COINS
.".
Rev. | Dionysus seated 1. on a rock, wearing short chiton and endromides, hold
of grapes in r. hand, a thyrsus bound with fillet in 1.
bunch
ing
behind,
(=
|s|.
Nummm
I.
l.~)
Bunbury
Coll.
These types
relate
wines of the territory of Venusia, and the consequent cult of
to the
Dionysus.
CALABRIA.
Tarentum was an ancient lapygiau city, which apparently enjoyed great prosperity from an
early period because of its position on a good harhor.
According to legend it was founded by
Taras, sou of Poseidon and a local nymph. Taras had been shipwrecked and was brought to land
on a dolphin sent by his father Poseidon. At about 70S B. C. Lacedaemonian Partheniae, alleged
illegitimate sons of war times, under the leadership of Phalanthus arrived at Tarentum and estab
lished themselves in the city.
In time the myth of Taras and his miraculous rescue from ship
wreck was transferred to Phalanthus. perhaps by design in order to establish a right of the
Spartans to the city of which Poseidon was the patron divinity. For centuries this Dorian colony
waged wars, sometimes disastrous, with neighboring native peoples, with other Italiot Greek
In the sixth and fifth centuries, perhaps earlier, the Greek states
states, and lastly with Koine.
were driven into alliances for protection against the common enemy, the native Lucanians, Bruttians, and, in the case of Tarentum, the Messapians at whose hand she suffered an almost ruin
ous defeat in 473 B. (
In this period the aid of the Spartan king Archidamus (B. C. 338), of
Alexander of Kpirus (B. C. 330), and of Cleonymus of Sparta (B. C. 314), was brought to Italy,
but in vain. Finally with the advent of the Romans in Magna Graecia a coalition of Greek and
native States was formed to meet this greater foe to their several ambitions and claims.
Pyrrhus
of Epirus was brought into the alliance in 282 B. C., but after a ten-year war Tarentum was taken
and all Magna Graecia submitted to Home.
.
Time of Cleonymus, B.
\.
10
Italic-Tarentine Stater;
SV7<S
gr.
C. 315.
18mm.
Obv.
TAPA
Head
of De-
r., wearing stephane, earring, necklace, and a veil which is thrown back on the
in front, dolphin
l>eneath,
right side and appears below the chin on 1. side of head
meter
RON.
\ The
Dioscuri riding
1., the further horse in advance; the nearer horse

from
which
palm-branch
hangs a wreath suspended by a fillet, the further
crowning his horse above, AIO2KOPOI
Paris Sale, 1908, 12.
It is not certain just what the meaning of the obverse type is, but the Dioscuri on the reverse
for the Dioscuri were
plainly are meant as an allusion to the Spartan origin of the Tarentines
The selection of the type
identified with Sparta, their birthplace being Amyclae, near Sparta.
was almost certainly meant as a compliment to the mother-city to whom they were appealing for
Rev.
man
carries
aid.
Time of Pyrrhus, B.
H
ate,
r.
V.
Italic-Tarentine Stater; 8.57 gr.
behind,
Rei.
in field,
The
NK;
above,
TAPANTINQN
C. 281-272.
;
IS mm.
Olv.
beneath, EAAA
[ftl]
Eagle, with open wings, perched
Head
of Zeus, laure
1.
on a thunderbolt;
Ahis eagle.
types of this coin are plainly Epirote, being the Dodonaean Zeus and
JR.
j2
naked youth
Rev. I
in
r.
Obv. Naked horseman L, welcomed by a

Stater; 6.28 gr.\ 22 mm.
in
STI
r
three
lines
in field, above, r T
beneath horse, API
T[APA^J Taras riding on dolphin r., holding bow in 1. hand and an arrow
beneath head of dolphin, elephant.

Coll.
Hartwig
The elephant symbol on this coin leaves no doubt that it was struck during the control of
Pyrrhus at Tarentum. The elephant was a main reliance of his equipment against the Romans,
and symbolized his forces.
^R-
J3
in field,
Stater
6.50 gr.
22 mm.
Obv.
Naked boy
rider
r.
crowning
his horse
^.
Rev.
Taras riding on dolphin L, holding Nike in r. hand,

two spears and shield, on which serpent below, waves.
T[APA^]
crowning him
in L,
who
is
Allatini Coll.
The silver coins issued at Tarentum in this period were struck on a lower standard than
This was the Roman six-scruple
before, the Stater weighing about 6.80 grammes instead of 7.90.
standard, which the influence of Roman commerce even then forced upon her enemies.
The Nike crowning Taras perhaps suggests
the confidence at
Tarentum
as to the
outcome
of the war.
B.
J&.
J4
Nike,
who
Stater
stands
r.
O.
;
235-228, Tarentum in Alliance with Rome.
6.30 gr.
22 mm.
on his outstretched
r.
Obv.
Horseman galloping
r.
crowned by
TH^
hand; below, KAAAIKPA
infield,
TP.
Rev.
r.,
TAPA^
Nike who
is
Taras riding on a dolphin L, with trident in L hand
crowning him;
on extended
in field, NE.
Coll.
Mathey
LUCANIA.
was founded by Tarentum and Thurium jointly in the latter part of fifth century
About a half century later it was selected by Archytas, the philosopher-statesman of Ta
Heracleia
B. C.
rentum, as the meeting-place of the congress of the Italiot-Greek states. From B. C. 380 to 345
the congress met at Ileracleia, but in 331 B. C. Alexander of Epirus, in anger at the Tarentines,
removed the assembly to Thurium and beyond the control of Tarentum. In B. C. 278 Heracleia
deserted the coalition headed by Pyrrhus and made an alliance with Rome.
B.
O.
370-325.
Obv.
Italic-Tarentine Stater; 7.63 gr.; 23.5mm.
15
wearing crested Athenian helmet adorned with Scylla before, A
/R.
Rev.
between
j,
PAKAH IQN
his feet,
Hirsch,
owl; in
XXVI,
Heracles, naked, standing

club and KAA.
r.
Head
K
and strangling
of Pallas
r.,
4>.
lion with
arms
field, L,
219.
The standard of this coin is that of Tarentum, but the types show the influence of the Athe
nian colony of Thurium in the Athena head and the owl symbol. The Heracles type is, of course,
a type parlunt relating to the name of the city. The KAA, which occurs also on coins of Thurium
and of Tarentum, probably represent the signature of an engraver.
Lnrinium. was a colony of Sybaris on the Tyrrhenian coast of Lucania, at the

When Sybaris was destroyed in li. ( 510 refugees from the mother
It seems to have been purely a commercial city, serving as a port for the
city settled in Laiis.
commerce of Sybaris with the western and northern parts of Italy. With the change in commer
Laiis, later
mouth
of the River Laiis.
routes the
cial
town declined and
disappeared.
finally
B.
Giro.
r.,
Italic Stater;
-R.
\6
7.6~>
(jr.
0. 550-500.
23.5
mm.
Obr.
AA^(AAI)
Man-headed
bull
with head turned back.

Rev.
MON(ÔN)
Benxon
The
The obverse type repeated
incuse.
Coll.
ethnic on this coin has the adjective form
Aam>s
instead of the usual genitive form of
noun, referring evidently to the type.

While the coin type of Sybaris, the mother-city of Laus, was a bull, which might have in
fluenced the choice of a type for the colony, yet this man-headed bull suggests a river-god, probablv of the river Laiis.
Thus Horace
It
was the usual manner of representing
sings of the river-god Aufidus
thin class of divinities in
Italy.
Sic tauriformis vnlntur Aufidus
qui reyntt
cum
Dauni
saevit
Apuli,
praeflu.it
horrendumque
rultis
diluviem meditatur ayris,

is the river-god put for the stream itself.
peculiar fabric of the obverse type which is repeated incuse on the reverse character
It has generally been regarded as
izes the early coinages of several cities of Magna Graecia.
evidence of an alliance, either monetary or for defence against hostile Italic tribes. Alliances of
where the tauriform Aufidus
The
common among
both sorts were
the Greeks, of which coins often give important corroboration.
on the Tarentine Gulf, was a very early Achaean colony that had estab
town called Metabas. After the Samnites had destroyed
Metabas the people of Sybaris induced the Achaeans to come and under the leadership of LeuFrom its fertile
cippus, of Sybaris, occupied the town and changed the name to Metapontum.
Metapontum,
lished itself in a
soil
the
new
at Delphi.
situate
still
older Lucanian
of a golden sheaf
city acquired great wealth, a fact later signalized by the dedication
or badge
of
had
been
the
a
head
dedication
this
before
xapdffTifwv
barley
However, long
After a long period of wars with her Greek

of the city and as such appears as the coin-type.
under lioman domina
neighbors and defensive struggles with the Lucanians, Metapontum came
was held for some years by Hannibal, who carried the population with him when
It ceased from that time to be an important city, though it
the place.
abandon
compelled
It was at Metapontum that Pythagoras took refuge when
existed for some centuries afterward.
banished from Croton, and there he died.
tion.
The
city
to
B. C. 400-350.
dire.
/K.
Italic
Stater;
7.1)6 gr.
embroidered sphendone and earring

Rev.
META
Rhouxopoulos
21 mm.
Obv.
Head
to
Demeter
1.,
wearing
Barley-head; in
field,
murex.
Coll.
This specimen belongs to the period of finest art in die-engraving. In simplicity and beauty
above criticism. The types of Apollo Karneios of the flocks (No. 18) and Demeter relate
"
it is
of
Metapontum
chief resource of agriculture.
Italic Stater
JR.
J8
ram
7.62 gr.
23.5
mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Apollo Karneios, with
the hair falling in long slender locks.
horn, r.,
Rev. / ET
Barley-head with
leaf.
Allatini Coll.
Probably an imitation by a native engraver and issued by one of the
B.
Giro.
bearded,
r.,
Italic
Tetradrachm
I.
f METATONTINQN
Rev.
which AT
in front of
350-330.
Obv. Head of Leucippus,

26 mm.
15.87 gr.
in Corinthian helmet adorned with quadriga
behind, forepart of lion r.,
^R.
J9
O.
Italic states.
Barley-head with one
leaf,
on which, club
beneath
club, AMI.
Paris Sale, 1908, No. 61.

This coin was issued at the time when
and the introduction
to remind the Greeks
of the
in Hellas of their close kinship.
Obv. Head of Demeter r., crowned

7.05 gr. 20.5 mm.
Italic Stater
wears earring, necklace, and a veil thrown back from right side, the edge
on the other side of head being visible beneath chin.
^R.
20
with barley
of the veil
Rev.
the aggression of the Lucanians was specially strong,

head of the founder of the Achaean colony was very likely intended
\ M ETA
Barley-head with leaf
1.,
on which, mouse
beneath mouse,
<t>-
Merzbacher.
^R--
21
with barley
Rev.
Italic Stater; 7.05 gr.; 23mm.

wears earring.
META Barley-head with leaf on
Obv.
r.
Head
in field
1.,
of
Demeter
1.,
crowned
caduceus and AV.
These two coins belong to the latest issues of Metapontum as an independent State, before
While inferior artistically to the somewhat earlier
the capture by the Lucanians in B. C. 800.
coins they are
still
attractive
and the great variety of dies in the short period lend them increased
interest.
Poseidonia, later called Paestum, was founded by colonists from Sybaris, said, however, to
have been Dorians whom the people of that Achaean city expelled. It was one of the most
northerly Greek towns on the west coast. The foundation is placed as early as the middle of the
It was taken by the Lucanians in B. C. 395 and by the Romans in B. C. 273.
sixth century.
B.
22
ing
r.
O.
Pentoncion; 15.85 gr.\
Ê.
300-268.
27mm.
Obv.
POÊIAQNE(QN)
Bull stand
border of dots.
Rev. \ P AI^T
The type
Eros, with
of the bull
bow
in
may have been due
r.
border of dots.
hand, riding on a dolphin 1.
where the bull was the
;
to the influence of Sybaris,
well-known type.
Thurium was founded in B. C. 443 near the site of Sybaris, which had been destroyed in
Pericles was the moving spirit in founding the colony.
It was aimed, apparently, to
make it in reality a pan-Hellenic colony, and to this end an appeal was sent out to all Greek cities
to participate in the establishment of the town.
While Greeks from many places apparently
B. C. 510.
Among the early settlers was

joined the colony, yet the Athenian element was predominant.
Herodotus who had been dwelling at Athens for a short period after his extensive travels. He
must have written a considerable part of his great work at Thurium. Another personage of note,
who soon came to Thurium, was Lysias, the wealthy business man and orator.
The plan for the city was drawn by the noted city-builder, Hippodamus, of Miletus, the same
who
in B. C.
408 laid out the
new
city of
Rhodes.
B.
23
C.
16.7 ^gr.
Italic Distater;
RL.
400-360.
;
28mm.
Obv.
Head
adorned with figure of Scylla, her two hounds turned forward

Rev. \ 00YPIQN
Bull, with head down, rushing r.
of
Athena
in
r.,
beneath chin,
helmet
<J>.
20mm. Obv. Head of Athena r., in crested

24 ?&. Italic Stater;
gr.
Athenian helmet, adorned with figure of Scylla, one of whose two hounds is turned
7.(>3
forward, the other back.

Rev.
OOYPIQN
head down, charging
Bull, with
r.
in
exergue,
fish.
Vlasto Coll
The Thurian
coin-types reveal to us what an Athenian artist could do in such narrow limits

unrestricted by the traditions Athenian coinage imposed. The broad style of the best Greek
sculpture characterizes these coins. The design, too, is finished in minute details seldom found
when
No other artist was more happily suc

coins, yet nothing is sacrificed in so doing.
cessful in adapting his composition to the small circular field.
This is especially true in his treat
ment of the bull, whose lowered head and charging attitude at once put spirit into the design and
among Greek
fitted it nicely into the circular field.

Other engravers had resorted to the much less pleasing
method of turning the animal s head back to shorten its length and thus adapt it to the small field.
The Athena head is doubtless due to the predominant Athenian influence in the colony.
The standard of the coins necessarily was brought into harmony with that of neighboring
Italiot Greek cities.
Velia was founded soon after B. C. 540 by fugitives from Phocaea who fled their home city
The founders called the city TA?7, which became
rather than submit to the domination of Persia.
Velia in
its
Latin form, but Elea
is
the
commonly known name, derived from another form
of
the Greek name.
Velia was located on the western coast on the Mare Tyrrhenian, and doubtless shared
in the
extensive commerce with central and northern Italy which came overland from Sybaris and ( roton
rather than face the dangers of rounding the lower point of Italy.
Evidently the city soon be
came very prosperous,
as
is
attested by
its
abundant
silver coins.
that Velia enjoyed exceptionally good government, for which its great son,
Parmenides, the philosopher, was in large measure responsible. For if he did not draw up a
constitution for his native city, he did reform the old one, and the magistrates were annually
Tradition has
it
sworn
to uphold the laws.

Velia has long since disappeared, and so completely that even the site of it is unknown.
But an extensive series of attractive coins, and, above all, the influence and renown of the Eleatic school of philosophy founded by the great Parmenides and Zeno, have rescued her from the
oblivion that overtook
many
a prosperous city of antiquity.

Circ.
25
<*R.
B. C. 400 and
Italic Stater; 7.69 gr.;
22 mm.
later.
Obv.
Head
of
Athenian helmet, round which laurel-branch, and adorned with

neck-flap.
Athena
griflin
1.,
in
crested
palmette on
CATALOGUE OP GREEK COINS
10
Rev.
Sir
26
YEAHTQN
Lion seizing a stag
Hermann Weber
1&.
r.
Coll.
Italic Stater
7. OS gr.
23 mm.
Obv.
Head
Athena
of
in
crested
was brought
to their
1.,
Athenian helmet bound with laurel-branch.

Rev. \ YEAHTQN
Similar to No. 24, but later and weaker.
Vlasto Coll.
The lion-type, including the lion-head and the

new home by the Phocaeans from their native city.
lion seizing his prey,
The Bruttii separated from the main body of the Lucanians and became independent in
Their conquest of several Greek cities had for chief result the conquest of themselves
356.
by Greek civilization. In B. C. 282 they entered the coalition of south Italian states to oppose
Rome with the assistance of Pyrrhus. The heavy expense of that war was the occasion of the
In B. C. 272 their capital city, Cosentia, was taken by the Romans and
institution of a coinage.
the Bruttii came under Roman domination.
B.C.
B.
27
7
.
Drachm 4-1$ 9 r
;
C. 282-1
16-5
>
mm
Obv.
Head
of Poseidon
behind, trident; border of dots.

A mphitrite riding on a hippocamp
Rev. \ BPETTIQN
with bow in field, r., bee.
1.
1.,
with diadem
on her
right,
Eros
XL, 218.
Hemidrachm
Brilder Egger,
28
AA.
lion s skin
beneath, r
2.07 gr.
in field
r.,
Rev. I BPETTIQN (in Ex.}

with head raised.
13 mm.
Obv.
Head
of bearded Heracles
1.,
in
club.
Nike
in biga galloping
r.
beneath horses, serpent
Con. Weber, No. 428.
21 mm.
Obv. Busts of the Dioscuri r., wearing
Octobol 5Jfl gr.
and
helmets
bound
with
laurel-wreath;
above, stars; behind, cornucopia.
chlamydes
Rev. I BPETTIQN
The Dioscuri galloping r., wearing helmets and chlamydes
and carrying palm-branches across shoulders above each head, star beneath horses,
29
B^>
club
on border, linear circle.

Sir Hermann Weber.
It is possible that the two very rare gold coins, Nos. 27 and 28, relate to some event involv
a
naval war, for the expense of which the former was struck, while the latter alludes to the
ing
victory. But it is also not improbable that the types of both as well as No. 29 are borrowed, being
more or
less imitations of the coins of
30
-/E.
Pentoncion
neighboring states.
15.85 gr.
28 mm.
Obv.
Bearded head of Ares
L, in crested
Corinthian helmet, adorned with running griffin border of dots.

Rev. \ BPETTIQN
Pallas, in crested helmet and long chiton, charging r., her
head facing, grasping shield with both hands and spear under 1. arm border of dots.
;
B.C. 710 by Achaeans.
The city became prosperous at an early

but largely because it had a fair harbor, and thus
shared the prolits of trade between the East and the western coast of Italy. Just before the
Croton was founded about
period,
owing
in part to the resources of its soil,
CATALOGUE OP GKKKK COINS
11
Pyrrhic war Croton had attained the zenitli of its greatness. Livy (XXIV, 3) relates that the
Croton s walls was then about twelve miles, but after that war not more than half of
circuit of
Croton shared the common lot of other wealthy Italian-Greek

her domestic politics always were encouraging foreign enemies and
sometimes inviting them to attack. The result of these constant difficulties was the frequent
and many of these engagements are noted on the
resort to alliances with neighboring cities
the former area WHH occupied.
cities in that the factions of
coins.
282
it
In B. C. 297 the city, then greatly reduced and weakened, fell a prey of the Bruttii; but in
was freed from its captors by the Romans, who in 277 took possession of Croton.
The temple of Hera Lakinia at Croton was a famous shrine resorted to by Greeks from all
Magna
Livy
Ludniae Iwwnitt, sanctum omnibus
Graecia, nubile templum
circa popnlix, says
(1. c.).
Croton became the center of a high culture, perhaps influenced by Pythagoras, who seems
have settled there about the middle of the sixth century. Just what influence that eminent
philosopher exercised over the politics of Croton and other cities is not now regarded so certain as
some years since; and the effort to connect the peculiar fabric of the early coinages of that whole
to
region with the mysteries of Pythagoras teaching is almost certainly idle.

Few cities of antiquity won greater fame for the athletic prowess of its youth than did
Croton.
Many were the palms of victory brought home from the Olympian games, though the
mighty Alilo is almost the sole name that has survived of the great number of victors.
B. C. 5X0-480.
Circ.
29mm. Obv. 91Q Tripod, with lion s claw

Italic Stater; 7.!tf gr.
on
an
ornamented
surmounted
base,
standing
by lebes with three rings and from
3J
feet,
/R.
the lebes issue two serpents; in field,

Rev. f The same type, incuse.
The
r.,
large crab; the whole in circle of dots.
or badge of Croton. The choice of this type is gen

*apd<rrinov
Apollo directed the founder of the city in the choice of a site; or
that Pythagoras, in possession of the Delphic hereditary rites of Apollo, introduced them at
Croton. But the type may be purely agonistic, for Croton youth had begun to win victories at
Olympia before the city began to issue coins. The victor s tripod, placed on the coins, would
tripod
is
the well-known
erally credited to the fact that
honor at once the god and the glorious victory.
For the
fabric of the obverse type repeated in
cuse on the reverse see note on No. 10.
B. C. 420-390.
Circ.
32
^H.
capital of a
Italic Stater; 8.39 gr.
column
20 mm.
Obv.
9 POT
Eagle
Rev. \ 9POT
Tripod surmounted by lebes with three rings
border of dots.
of barley
1.
perched
on
border of dots.
;
in field, to
1.,
grain
head,
Allatini Coll.
33
1&.
Italic Stater; 8.04 gr.
with head turned back
linear circle on
23 mm.
Obv. Eagle perched
J,
&.
wings open.
Italic Stater
7.84 gr.
on stag
l>order.
Rev.
9PO Tripod-lebes, with cover, standing on base; in
the whole in linear circle.
34
1.
22 mm.
Obv. Eagle
r.
field, to
1.,
ivy-leaf;
with head raised and
12
Rev.
?PO
--
Tripod-lebes, with cover, standing on base; in
field, to
1.,
laurel-
leaf;
The
last four described coins

is
shown by the types
&.
Italic Stater
of Zeus, as
almost certainly were issued in connection with games in honor
omen, and the
of the eagle, the bird of
tripod, the prize of
victory.
23 mm.
Facing head of Lakinian Hera,

r., B; the whole in linear circle.
Rev. I KPOTQNIATA5
Heracles, naked, reclining 1. on rocks over which is
thrown his lion s skin; holds wine-cup in r. hand, the 1. resting on his club; beneath,
35
7.90 gr.
wearing ornamented Stephanos and necklace;
his
bow
Obv.
in field,
ffirsch,
XXVI,
It is related
erected a temple to
331.
by Diodorus Siculus that after Heracles had slain the robber Lakinios, he
Hera on the spot. Later arose the magnificent temple of Hera in the same
place.
Circ.
&.
36
Italic Stater;
7.9$ gr.
B. C. 390.
20.5
with long flowing hair;
mm,
KPOTQNIATAS
Obv.
circle of dots
Apollo, laureate, 1.,

Infant Heracles strangling two serpents.
Rev. [
Head
of
around border.
This famous coin-type of Heracles strangling the serpents seems to have been used first at
Thebes (see No. 176). But the painter, Zeuxis, born at Heracleia, in Magna Graecia, also painted
a famous picture with this subject as the central idea and presented it to Agrigentum. The choice
of the type at Croton was due to the united effort of Croton and the other Greek cities of Italy to
repel the attack of the Lucanians and Dionysius of Syracuse, and represents the struggle of
enlightened freedom against ignorant barbarism and tyranny.
Circ.
37
JR.
B.
C. 300.
21 mm.
Eagle perched r. on f ulmen,

in field, $
r., Hermes with patera and. caduceus
Tripod surmounted by lebes with three rings; Nike flying r. to
Italic Stater
6.22 gr.
Obv.
the head turned back; to
Rev.
crown one
KPO
I.
of the rings.
Vlasto Coll.
Locri Epizephyrii, or Western Locri, was probably so designated to distinguish it from Locri
Opuntii, in Locris, though ancient authorities are not agreed that it was colonized from the latter
Throughout its history the government was an oligarchy that kept in close relation with
the courts of successive Syracusan tyrants, who did much to secure the Locrians against the
city.
The Locrians took the side of Syracuse against Athens in B. C.

attacks of barbarian neighbors.
415, and are said to have helped the Lacedaemonians in the attack on Athens a few years later.
The
luxurious
others,
who
life
of the wealthy conservatives proved attractive to
men
like Plato,
Pindar, and
visited the place.
For some reason Locri Epizephyrii did not strike coins till about two centuries after her
neighboring Greek states had instituted a coinage. This delay may have been due in part to its
conservative government, or, as has been suggested, to the laws prepared for the city by Zaleucus, who took some of his ideas from the Spartan laws; but it is more likely that their needs were
amply supplied by the coinages
of other states, such as Corinth.
Their
first
issues
were on two
CATALOGUE OP GRKKK COINS

separate standards, the Corinthian, with
types, for lon-L-n
orintliian
<
13
commerce, and
the
[tail*
for domestic trade.
Alexander of Epirus, brought to Italy to aid the Greeks against the Lucanians, and Pyrrhus,
called in to It-ad the defense against the Romans, both evidently struck coins at the Locrian mint.
Following the departure of the latter from Italy in B. O. 274 the Locrians made a final submission
to
Rome and
struck a silver Stater with a type declaring their loyalty.
Circ.
38
Italic Stater: 7.10 gr.
-K.
B. C. 273.
80
mm.
S>
Obv.
Head
of
Zeus, laureate,
1.,
with flowing hair; beneath, A; border of dots.

Rev.
\ AOKPQN
Rhousopoulos
in
long chiton and peplos, seated
PMA
r.,
her
r.
parazonium under her 1. arm in front stands Locri,

and peplos, crowning Roma behind the two
chiton
long
and IIIZTI^.
shield, a
personified as Loyalty, in
figures, respectively,
Roma,
(in Eferg.}
arm resting on an oval
Coll.
This Declaration Stater was evidently the
last silver coin issued
from the Locrian mint.
B. C. 300-268.
17.33 gr.
mm. Obr. Head of Pallas r., wearing crested Co
rinthian helmet, necklace and earring; above, ET.
Rev. / AOKPQN
Persephone, in long chiton, seated 1. on a throne, of which the
IE.
39
front leg
in
r.
is in
%8f>
form of an animal
hand a wreath
s fore-leg;
above, in field,
two
on
stars
arm a sceptre ending in poppy-head,

the whole in circle of dots.
1.
Twice
Persephone had a famous temple at Locri possessed of great treasures.

once by Pyrrhus and again by the Romans. The latter made restitution.
it
was sacked,
Rhegium, located on the narrowest point of the Sicilian Straits, was one of the very early
Greek colonies established in Italy. Chalcidiaus are said to have settled there not much later
than B. C. 720, a date not long subsequent to the founding of Cumae, the first Greek colony in
He
Little is known of the town prior to the time of the tyrant Anaxilas, B. C. 494-476.
Italy.
crossed the Strait and seized Zancle; expelling the Samians he is said to have been induced to take
country. Aboul
possession of the city, and then changed its name to Messene, in honor of his
ten years after the death of Anaxilas, his sons were banished and a democracy established.
In B. C. 387 Rhegium was captured by Dionysius I, of Syracuse, who sold the citizens into
slavery, enraged, historical gossip claims, because the citizens of the place had refused him a
nativ<
But a few years
later the Syracusans restored the city to the survivors.

to the early alliance of Italian Greek cities and struck coins with the alli
belonged
Rhegium
ance fabric, the obverse type repeated incuse on the reverse. But of special interest in the his
tory of the city s coinage are the types of the mule-car and the hare on coin* issued by Anaxilas.
For Aristotle is our authority for the statement that Anaxilas won a victory with a mule-car at the
Olympian games, and that he introduced the hare into Sicily. Anaxilas celebrated both achieve
bride!
ments on that
coin.
Circ.
40
^.
cle of dots.
Attic Tetradrachm
B. C. 466-4 15.
17.21 gr.
27 mm.
Obv.
Lion
scalp facing
cir
14
r.
Rev. f RECI N 03
lokastos, traditional founder, naked
hand holding staff on border, laurel-wreath.
H. Chapman.
to waist, seated
1.,
his
This coin of the revolutionized government was probably, to the Bhegians, redolent of
It honors their traditional founder, who was, of course, a popular leader; and also it
shows the influence of the Samiau element in the population. For the lion-mask is the very type
The standard is Attic, which was the standard in use at Syra
of the coins of their native Samoa.
cuse and in Sicily generally, toward which country the commercial interests of Ilhegium were
democracy.
turning.
Circ.
Attic Tetradrachm
^R.
4J
Head
PHTINON
Rev. /
B.
0.
415-387.
17.04 gr.

24-5 mm.
with
hair turned up behind.
r.,
of Apollo, laureate,
Spink $ Son.
The series of beautiful Tetradrachms,
of
which
this coin is
an example, came
to
an end with
the destruction of the city by Dionysius I in 387 B. C., and also it virtually closed the coinage of
silver at Ilhegium, except for the coinage of Corinthian Staters more than a century later.
JE
42
mis, jugate,
r.,
B.
6.5
mm.
0.70 gr.;
behind,
\ PHFI
Rev.
in field,
Tetras
r.
Circ.
Busts of Apollo, laureate, and Arte
Obv.
on border.
circle of dots
NQN
C. 203-89.
Tripod-lebes, with three circular handles and lion-claw feet;
border of dots.
Hipponium or Terinaeum, was founded in the sixth century by

from Croton. Like other cities on the western coast, Terina was designed to be the port
on that coast for an extensive commerce with central and northern Italy and particularly with
Etruria. The short transport across the peninsula at that point was quicker and safer than round
and passing the dangerous Sicilian Straits. The new city thrived
toe of the boot
ing the
and by the middle of the next century was prosperous, wealthy, and apparently independent of
Croton, if it ever had been otherwise. Terina was captured by the Lucanians in B. C. 365 and,
except for the few months it was freed by Alexander of Epirus in B. C. 325, it continued in
Terina, on the Gulf of
colonists
"
"
possession of them or their kinsman, the Bruttii, down till the Koman conquest in B. C. 272.
Hannibal held the town for some time and, when forced to evacuate, destroyed the place. This
is doubt if it was ever rebuilt, and there is no certainty today
location had, of course, lost its earlier commercial value.
money early in the fifth century, probably soon after the defeat of the
he did so completely that there

as to the site of the city.
Terina began to coin
The
when the Greek cities in Italy, especially on the western

renewed security and a more vigorous life.
Carthaginians at Himera in B. C. 480,

coast, like those of Sicily, felt
Circ.
^R-
43
\ [TEPINAIQN]
Terina
r.,
23mm.
r.
Italic Stater
Obv.
hand.
7.56 gr.; 20
wearing earring and necklace.
^R.
425-400.
ampyx, and wearing necklace
wreath in her outstretched

44
C.
Head of nymph Terina 1., the

around border, laurel-wreath.
Nike-Terina, winged, seated 1. on a prostrate amphora, a
Italic Stater; 7.29 gr.;
hair confined by an
Rev.
B.
mm.
Obv.
TEPINAIQN
Head
of
nymph
CATALOGUE OK UKKKK COINS
in
r.
1/i
Rev. I Nike-Terina in long chiton, winged, seated 1. on a cippus, holding u bird

hand, her 1. resting on the cippus on ainpyx, traces (?) of engraver s signature.
;
Harron
Coll.
Nos. 4. 5 and 44 belong to a long series of what are probably agonistic coins, struck on the
occasion of festivals with games. The reverse type of the charming figure of Terina as Nike is
treated with numerous variations, sometimes toying with a bird in delight of victory, or tossing
It is evident that fondness for athletic contests
balls, or extending a wreath, and in other poses.
characterized the people of Terina as well as of their mother-city Croton.
SICILY.
Agrigentum, or Akragas as the Greeks called it, the modern Giryenti, was founded early in
It was located near the confluence of the Hypsas and
the sixth century by colonists from Gela.
Akragas
rivers,
from the
latter of
which the
city received its
name.
Owing
to this situation, fav
orable to commerce, with Carthage in particular but also with Greek traders, and to the products
The political power of the city was
of the fertile territory, Agrigentum early became wealthy.
predominant on the southwest coast of Sicily, where

Syracuse at the eastern end of the island.
it
exercised quite as
much
influence as did
Following the death of the tyrant Theron in B. C. 472 and the liberation of all the cities of
few years later, Agrigentum entered upon a period of great prosperity. To this the extant
remains of the city testify, both ruined temples and beautiful coins. Hut hardly had the menace
Sicily a
Athenians been met by the defeat of the Expedition of 4lo when Agrigentum
a prey to the Carthaginians in B. C. 406.
Pindar visited Agrigentum while a guest at the court of Ilieron of Syracuse, and the widely
Ka\\i<rro pporeav iro\lwv.
traveled poet found it one of the most beautiful of cities
to Sicily of the
fell
Though Timoleon
rebuilt
history, yet for the most, part
it
Agrigentum and there were periods of freedom in its subsequent

became the prey of Carthaginian and Roman in turn.
Circ.
45
J*R.
Attic Tetradrachm
B.
C.
413-^06.
J7.3!/. gr.
26 mm.
Obv.
Two
eagles standing
r.
on a hare lying on a rock, the farther bird bent down to tear at the prey, the nearer
with head raised to swallow.
Rev.
A K P AT
/ NO N|T|S
on a tablet fixed
A (boustrophedonic,
riga in rapid action driven

club.
Sir
Hermann Weler
on a wall by a nail)
by Nike, who holds whip above heads of horses
Quad
in exergue,
Coll.
In B. C. 412 Exainetos of Agrigentum won the chariot race in the Olympian games and
home, a welcome that a victorious general might well have envied. About
received, on returning
and probably in relation to that victory Agrigentum issued splendid Dekadrachms and
Tetradrachms with the type of two eagles devouring their prey. There may have been a touch of
For in the autumn of this same year Syracuse
jealousy and rivalry in connection with this type.
instituted the Assinarian games to commemorate their victory over the Athenians at the River
Assinarus and struck the famous Dekadrachms in connection therewith. Agrigentum had re
this time
in the war and thus could not join in the general celebration.
Exainetos gave the opportunity for a public celebration and for a coinage that
mained neutral
little if
any inferior
victory of
splendor was
to that of Syracuse.
eagle of Zeus with prey was an omen of the god s favor to whom he chose to assist.
lines of a great chorus in the Agamemnon of Aeschylus have been frequently quoted in con
The
The
The
in
nection with this type.
CATALOGUE or GRKKK COTXS
1C
46 #1. Attic Tetradrachm

lar to No. 45.
27mm.
16.63 gr.;
Rev. / AKPA FANTIN ON

Large oral);
her dogs looking forward, the other backward.
Obv.
[A] K
beneath, Skylla
PAT A [3]
swimming
L,
Simi
one of
Jfirsch.
47
Eagle standing
is
Obv.
rests
AKPAFANTINON
on a rock on which
the whole in a circle of dots.
Crab and, below, large
Rev.
to
1.
a scallop shell
1.
30.5mm.
Tetradrachm; 16.60 gr.
on a hare which it is devouring; the hare
Attic
JR..
with open mouth and raised dorsal
sea-fish
fin
of crab, scallop shell.
XXVI,
Hirsch,
59.
Trapa.a-rnj.ov or badge of Agrigentum and holds a prominent place as a cointype of the city, even to the disadvantage of the beautiful representation of Skylla on No. 4(5.
These splendid coins, in the finest style of Greek art, were issued in the brief period of six
or seven years just preceding the capture of Agrigentum by the Carthaginians in B. C. 400.
The crab was
the
Camarina was founded by Syracuse about B. C.

was twice destroyed by the parent city and each time
000.
In the course of its history the city

and repeopled by Gela. And at the
rebuilt
time of the Carthaginian invasion in B. C. 40(5 the entire population was removed to Syracuse.
After that Camarina really never regained its status as an independent Greek city, but remained
a tributary to Carthage till the Roman conquest.
It was the third city, rebuilt by the people of Gela in B. C. 461, that Pindar visited during
no
sojourn at the court of Ilieron. Pindar evidently found the city charming
and the entertainment of its wealth} aristocrats
unusual experience for him it was worth while
quite to his liking, if we may judge from his eulogy of Psaumis, whose victory with the mule-car
his four years
lie
celebrates in the fourth and fifth Olympians.
Soon after B. C.
48
round
Attic Didrachm
^R-
8.71 gr.
21.5 mm.
Obv.
Corinthian helmet on a
shield.
Rev.
K AM API
Dwarf palms with
fruit
between a pair of greaves.
Spink $ Son.
This is probably a commemorative coin.
In B. C. 480 the Sicilian cities met and defeated

the Carthaginians at Himera, and thus put an end to an invasion by an oriental people that was
almost as formidable as the Persian invasion of Greece by Xerxes in the same year. Other cities
commemorated the great event on interesting coins, but the people of Camarina had been expelled
city of Gela in 485, so must wait until after their return in B. C. 461 to issue a
The palm, of course, relates to the African power.
rative coin.
by the
49
1.,
Attic Tetradrachm
^-.
Nike above, flying
r.
crane flying 1.
Rev. \
17.36 gr.
and extending the
26 mm.
fillet
Obv.
A quadriga
to the victorious driver
KAMAPINAION (retrograde) Bearded head of Heracles

with muzzle above forehead and feet tied round his neck.
commemo
in full career
;
in exergue,
L, in lion-skin
Rhousopoulos, 284.
It is not
of
Camarina
improbable that the obverse type of this coin celebrates the victory won by Psaumis
B. C. 456.
in
CATALOGUE OK GKKKK COINS
17
I Heron,
Catana, situate near the base of Mount Aetna, was a colony of neighboring Naxos.
of Syracuse, cleared the city of its Chalcidic population in B. C. 47U and colonixed it with people
from Syracuse and the Peloponnesus. He also changed the name to Aetna. To celebrate the
founding of the city, Aeschylus, who was then living at the court of Ilieron, wrote the drama.
The Women of Aetna. After the death of Thrasybulus, the brother and successor of Ilieron, this
new population was driven out and the former citizens restored to their homes. This was in
B. C. 4(51, the year in which the last of the Sicilian cities secured their freedom from tyrant rule.
Although Catana was forced to side with Athens at the time of the expedition against Syracuse
and become the base for the Athenian operations, yet the city s participation in the war was not
condoned and in B. C. 404 Dionysius captured it and in punishment sold the citi/.ens into slavery.
Circ.
&
50
Attic Tetradrachm
B. C. 413-^) +.
17.11 gr.
27 mm.
Obv.
victorious quadriga
1.,
in high speed, the broken rein of the furthest horse hanging loose
above, Nike thing
fillet for the driver; in exergue, separated by a triple moulding,
r. with wreath and
;
(H/3a*\e(
Rer.
a
fillet
a<??)
KATANAIQN
Head
of
young
river-god
Amenanos
1.,
with hair bound by
the whole within a circle of dots.
Hirseh, Nor.,
5J
to
ate, facing;
Rev.
W12.
Attic Tetradrachm; 17. ~7 gr.
-fl^.
r.,
KATANAIQN
~/
action; above, Nike flying

Sir H. Weber Coll.
(in
r.,
Obv.
//////.
engravers signature, HPAKAEIAAS
Head
of Apollo, laure
border of dots.
Victorious quadriga 1. with the horses in high

with wreath and fillet for driver; in exergue, fish 1.
exergue").
full signature of the engraver Herakleidas, whose work is

bears the signature of the same
very probable also that No.
But equally as convincing as the signa
artist in the form of the initial letter II, in the exergue.
ture is the style of the piece, especially in the treatment of the small locks of hair.
This interesting coin bears the
known from other examples.
^.
It is
r>0
Hi
Victorious quadriga 1.,

in high action, the driver, in long chiton, plying horses with whip as he turns the meta
52
Attic Tetradrachm:
H>.!>7
gr.:
im.
Obi*.
above, Nike flying r., extending wreath to driver, and carrying in 1. hand a tablet in
in exergue, crab.
scribed ETAINE
Head of Apollo, laureate, 1. in front, bell suspended by
Rev. \ KATANAIQN
;
fillet
to
r.,
crayfish.
This beautiful coin was engraved by Euainetos, the master engraver of all time, though it
Euainetos was evidently conscious of his powers at this time, if we may
is not his masterpiece.
judge from the striking manner he selected for signing the die.
These three coins were probably issued between the termination of the Athenian occupation
and the destruction of Catana by Dionysins in B. C. 404. The Athenians would hardly have per
mitted the use of such types during their presence.
of the island. The
Centuripae was an ancient city of the native Siculi. situate in the interior
of Sicily, a fact that had much to do with
the
were
people
agricultural
pre-eminently
Centuripini
their history.
They occupied land in many parts of Sicily and produced a large surplus of food
stuffs.
For that reason the Athenians captured the place in B. C. 415, in order to secure supplies
from them.
For the same reason the Romans made haste
to get possession of
Centuripae
in
the
18
First Punic
War.
till
Cicero
time and
Centuripini remained loyal to the Romans, supplied their army and navy
and as a reward they were granted immunity from taxation and so remained
The
throughout that war,
later.
After B. 0. 241.
53
Obv. Head of Zeus, laureate,

13.18 gr. 24.0 mm
PITTINQN
Winged thunderbolt; below, ACewfrywop)
Dekonkion
7E.
/ KENTO
Rev.
r.
H. Chapman.
Eryx, situated near the mountain of the same name, was, according
to
Thucydides, a town
of the native Elymi.

Apparently the place never received a Greek colony but became thoroughly
Ilellenized.
After the failure of the Athenian expedition against Syracuse, Eryx became a de
pendent of Carthage and so remained, except for a brief interval when Pyrrhus reached the place,
until destroyed
by the Carthaginians in the First Punic War.

Circ.
54
Attic Didrachm
^R-.
B.
8f)5 gr.
C.
;
ing sphendone and necklace with pendant

Rev.
IPYKAIIIB (on a
Prowe
^80-413.
22mm.
;
Obv.
of
Aphrodite
r.,
wear
the whole in a linear circle.
Hound walking
tablet)
Head
r.
before three stalks of barley.
Coll.
On the summit of Mt. Eryx was a temple of Aphrodite, the Venus Erydna of the Romans,
and it is to that goddess the obverse type of this coin alludes. The reverse type is really the
u arms
of Segesta, and the appearance of the device on a coin of Eryx may point to an alliance
between the two cities.
"
Gela was founded by Cretans and Rhodians and received its name from the river on which it
was built, Qelafluvii coynomine dicta, says Vergil. Gela became rich and powerful at an early date,
and in the fifth century the tyrants Hippocrates, Gelon and Hieron raised it to a Sicilian empire.
These resourceful leaders brought under their sway NaxoH, Leontini, Zancle (Messana), Syracuse
and several other smaller cities in the eastern and central parts of the island. In 485 B. C. Gelon
romoved his capital from Gela to Syracuse, at the same time transferring the most of the popula
In B. C. 4(!6 some of the people were restored to Gela and
tion of the former to the latter city.
Not long after 461, the year of Liberation from
the city recovered some of its earlier prosperity.
tyrants throughout Sicily, the tragic poet Aeschylus took up his residence at Gela, where he died
in 45(5 and was buried by the State with great pomp. The massacre of 4,000 of its wealthy citizens,
suspected of leanings toward Carthage, by Agathocles put an end to Gela as a city of any import
ance.
Circ.
B.
C.
413-0r>.
Obv. TEAQIQN
17.20 gr. 26 mm.
Quadriga 1.,
in high action, driven by Nike apteros who holds reins in both hands, the whip in r.
above, eagle flying 1. with serpent in beak in exergue, barley-head.
55
Attic Tetradrachm
/R~
Rev.
FEAA^
Forepart of man-headed bull swimming
(retrograde}
r.
above,
grain of barley.
Benson
56
llev.
front,
Coll.
J&-
Attic Tetradrachm
TEAA^
two heads
iSpink
of barley
Son.
<jf
17.20 gr.
mm.
26.
Man-headed bull standing

below, grain of barley.
1.

linear circle around border; in

The presence
Gelon
19
of the quadriga on the coins of Gela is undoubtedly due to the victory won bv
Olympia in B. C. 485. But the quadriga on Nog. 55 and 56 closely
in the chariot-race at
resembles the design of Euainetos on the Syracusan coins struck after the defeat of the Athenians
The man-headed bull on the reverse is the river-god Gelas. This form of river-god is
more commonly met with in Campania, but occasionally elsewhere. As a rule the forepart of the
in 413.
god, swimming,
is
found on the coins of Gela, and this type with the
full
form of the divinity
is
rare.
These coins were struck just before the
city
Was abandoned
in H.
404
in the face of the
Carthaginian invasion.
Himera was a colony of Zancle (Messana) of which little is known until early in the lifth
It was about B. C. 4H2 that the town came under the control of Theron of Agrigentum.
years later occurred the battle under the walls of Himera which the Sicilians fought for their
with the Carthaginians. The latter were defeated and Theron s control of Himera was
century.
Two
lives
made
secure.
Circ.
/R.
57
Attic Didrachm
B.
8.71 gr.
C.
$#2-472.
22 mm.
Obv
HIMEPA
Cock standing
1.
\ Crab.
Rev.
Headlam, 46.
The cock was from early times the principal coin-type of Himera. It may be the symbol of
some healing god associated with the hot springs at the place. It has been suggested that it is a
punning type, the name of the city resembling l^pa, old form of ^po, day, the dawn of which
the cock heralds. The Agrigentine crab marks the close relation between the two cities, under
the
common
control of Theron, or of his son Thrasydaeus.
Giro.
&.
58
Attic Tetradrachm
B. C.472-41.}.
17.17
<jr.
27 mm.
the horses walking; above, Nike flying

quadriga
in a circle of dots.
whole
the
driver;
r.,
1.
Obv.
with
IMEPAION
fillet
Victorious
and crown for the
\ The nymph Himera,
in long chiton and peplos the end of which hangs

arm, standing to front, holding patera above a flaming altar; to r. Seilein
nos standing in a trough and receiving on his breast jet of water from fountain
Rev.
across her
r.
field, grain of barley
Hirach
XXI,
border of dots.
161.
This interesting reverse type doubtless alludes to the hot springs at Himera, famous in an
The nymph is sacrificing to some god of healing, while the playful Seilenos is enjoying
tiquity.
a warm shower bath..
In the early
Leontini was a Chalcidian colony, but founded directly from nearby Naxos.
the
of
later of
was
under
the
of
Leontini
fifth
Gela,
of
the
sway
tyrants
brought
century
part
Syracuse, -and so continued until B. C. 427, when the quarrel with the latter city broke out. The
final result of this trouble with Syracuse was the Athenian expedition against the latter city in
B. C. 415, from which Syracuse emerged stronger than ever and soon brought Leontini under ite
domination. Among the commissioners Leontini sent to Athens in 427 to secure aid against
Svracuse was the famous Gorgias, whose eloquence aroused the admiration of all Greece. He
settled at
Athens as a teacher of
rhetoric,
Plato in the dialogue that bears his name.
and as a leading sophist was
later severely
handled by
20
Circ.
59
r.,
1.
C.
480-466.
Obv. Quadriga walking slowly

17.56 gr. 22 mm.
above and crowning the male charioteer; in exergue, lion running r.
Attic Tetradrachm
-^R.
Nike flying
B.
border of dots.
Rev. \ AEONTINON (retrograde)
Apollo, laureate, r., with short front hair,
formal curls on temple and long lock hanging from behind ear around, three laurel;
leaves
below, lion
running
r.
Hirsch.
The quadriga on this piece shows the influence of Gelon whose victory at Olympia found
expression on all coins struck under his influence. The running lion on both sides alludes to the
defeat of the Carthaginians in B. C. 480, the lion being at once the type parlant of Leontini and
a symbol of the African power.
The
Circ.
60
ate,
^R.
was
cult of Apollo
Attic Tetradrachm
B.
specially cherished at Leontini.
C. 466-^
17.4-0 gr.
21.5 mm.
Obv.
Head
of Apollo, laure
r.
Rev.
AEONTINON
Lion
head
with jaws open; around, three grains of
r.,
barley.
Warren, 253.
The
fine artistic style of this coin places
not long before the capture of the
late in the period to
it
which
it
is
attributed,
and
city.
Messana was a very early Chalcidian colony located on the Strait of Sicily and at first named
Zancle from the shape of its harbor, which was that of a sickle, {dyxXov. The early coins
have a representation of the harbor and a dolphin for type. Not long after B. C. 494 Milesian
and Samian fugitives who had left their homes following the collapse of the Ionian Revolt arrived
at Zancle, having been invited by the citizens to find new homes with them.
But Anaxilas,
tyrant of Rhegium, induced the new-comers to seize the town; then, after bringing some Messenian colonists, he expelled the Samians, took possession of the town and changed its name to
Messene.
Circ.
61
Rev.
^K..
Attic Tetradrachm
ME33EN[ION]
Calf
B.
C.
400-461.
17. ^0 gr.;
s
head
23mm.
Obv. Lion
head facing.
1.
Con. Weber, 621.
The types of this coin are the same as those of Samos, and were introduced at Zancle by
the Samian fugitives.
But the name of the town is Messene on the coin, so that the Samian in
fluence must have continued some time after Anaxilas is said to have expelled the Samians and
changed the name of the
place.
Circ.
62
^R.
Attic Tetradrachm
by nymph
crown the driver
who
Messana,
to
Rev.
Hirsch
C. 461-1396.
17.07 gr.
holds reins in
r.,
26.5
the
mm.
whip
in
Obv.
1.
hand
Biga of mules 1., driven

above, Nike flying r.
border of dots.
MEÂNION
XXXIII,
B.
388.
Hare running
r.
beneath, hippocamp
border of dots.
CATALOGUE OF GKEKK COINS

63
Attic Tetradrachm
/R.
17.21 gr.
mm.
-7
21
but in exergue, two dolphins head to head.

Rev. I MEÂNION (retrograde)
Hare running
Hirsch XXXIV, 162.
1.
Obv.
Similar to preceding
below, head of Pan.
After the death of Anaxilas and the banishment of his son, the old types were modified
by
Also the name Messana instead of Messene, as
introducing a female charioteer on the quadriga.
on No. (51, shows that Ionic Samian influence had given way to the former Dorian.
Motya was a Phoenician factory town on a small island a few miles from Lilybaeum. It was
connected by a mole with the mainland and became the Carthaginian naval base. It was destroyed
by Dionysius in B. C. H97.
64
Attic Tetradrachm
1&.
1(>.~>7
ing sphendone, earring, and necklace

Rev.
->
gr.
27 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
nymph
wear
1.,
around, four dolphins.
Crab.
Sambon-Canessa (1907), 23i.

For the types of coins issued at this town the Carthaginians appropriated the types of Sicil
Greek cities. This example bears a poor copy of Kimon s Arethusa. which was designed for
the SyracusanDekadrachm (see Nos. 94, 95), and the crab of Agrigentum.
ian
Naxos was, perhaps, the earliest Greek settlement in Sicily. It was a mixed Chalcidian and
Naxian colony, but the colonists from the island of Naxos apparently predominated. The city
was brought under the control of Hippocrates and his son Gelon of Gela and Syracuse. In B. C.
47(5 its population was transferred to Leontini.
Later the city was restored, but never acquired
again
built
much
importance. Dionysius destroyed the place in B. C. 404, and later

the
by
surviving inhabitants on a neighboring site.
Tauromenium was
Before B. C. 4*1 ).
65
Corinthian Didrachm
<K.
crowned with ivy-wreath

Rev.
cle of dots
\ NAXION
on border.
Mathey
>/>-
(retrograde}.
Bunch
,>.!
mm.
Obv.
;
Head
circle
of
Dionysus
1.,
of dots on border.
of grapes with tendrils
and leaves
cir
Coll.
B. c.
66
(jr.
has pointed beard and long hair
^R.
Attic Tetradrachm
4(>
1-4x0.
Hi. -id gr.
mm.
J!)
Obr.
Head
of
Dionysus
bearded, crowned with ivy, long lock of hair in wave on forehead and hanging
border of dots.
side, the back hair rolled up
r.,
down
Bearded Seilenos, naked, seated to front on ground, his head

\ NAXION
turned 1. toward a drinking cup in r. hand; has pointed ear and long tail.
Butler Coll., 76.
Rev.
Oire.
67
&.
Attic Tetradrachm
B. C. 4*0-413.
Hi. 4* gr.
&SV7
mm.
Obv.
Head
of bearded
Dion
border of dots.
ysus r., wearing broad band adorned with ivy-vine
on
Rev. ^NAEION
No. 66, seated near a vine, with thyrsus
Bearded Seilenos as
in 1. hand.
;
Sandeman
Coll.,
41
22
Oirc.
C.
413-404-
Obv. NAEIQNAttic Stater; 8.23 gr.\ 23 mm.

r.
behind, laurel leaf border of dots.
1&.
68
B.
Apollo, laureate,
Head
of youthful
/ Bearded Seilenos, naked, seated on ground near a vine has pointed ear
and long tail with r. hand lifts drinking cup to his lips, his 1. hand resting on 1. knee
in field, r., thyrsus and a bearded terminal figure.
Rev.
Sambon-Canessa, 245.
The cult of Dionysus at Naxos is well attested on these coins. The four specimens illustrate
the history of Greek art and particularly of the engraver s art from its archaic period to its frui
The full-faced eye on No. 65 gives way to a correct representation on No.
tion in the fine style.
66; yet the head on the latter, a most carefully executed work and by a no mean artist for the
The softer modelling of the

retains archaic features, such as the smile on the lips.
a
bearded
head
of
No.
67
to
smooth-faced, delicately modelled, almost effeminate
gives way
strong
head on the coins issued near the close of the century. The note of realism given by the vine
near whick the Seilenos is seated, on No. 67, is unusual on the coins of the western Greeks.
time,
still
Panormus, the modern Palermo, was an old Phoenician town on the northern coast of Sicily,
The Greek form
been Ziz, a Punic
word that is found on numerous coins the Carthaginians struck in Sicily. No coins were struck
situated on a capacious harbor from which the name of the place was derived.
is, however, probably a translation of the Phoenician name, which may have
Panormus until after the defeat of the Carthaginians at Himera in 480 B. C. The earlier issues
show the influence of Greek art at Panormus and very likely of Greek trade, for the inscriptions
are in the Greek language.
But before the end of the century the Carthaginians recovered their
aggressive spirit and were less receptive of Greek influence.
They ceased to strike coins at Pan
ormus with Greek inscriptions and Greek engravers were evidently replaced by less skillful Car
If Ziz is the Phoenician name of Panormus, and that is the most acceptable inter
thaginians.
pretation of the word yet given, then it seems that the mint at that chief center of Carthaginian
power in Sicily struck coins with the types of several Greek cities.
at
Giro.
r.,
16.59
G.
(jr.
409.
;
the driver crowned by Nike flying
scription f
Rev.
necklace
Attic Tetradrachm
^R-
69
tion,
B.
1.
28.5
;
mm.
Obv. Quadriga, in high ac
in exergue, sea-serpent
and Punic
in
Ziz.
/ Head
of
nymph
1.,
wearing sphendone, earring of single pendant, and

Sir Hermann Weber Coll.
;
The head on
70
^R.
Rev. I
this piece is a
poor copy of
Attic Tetradrachm
Head
of
nymph
L,
Kimon
16.84 9 r
>
Arethusa.
mm
See Nos. 93-95.
wearing ampyx, necklace, and earring with three
pendants.
Brilder Egger XLV, 319.
The head on this coin is a copy of the Persephone by Euainetos. See Nos. 96, 97.
No. 69 is later than the autumn of 412, when Kimon s Dekadrachm appeared at Syracuse.
No. 70 is still later, possibly subsequent to 409 B. C., though the date of the earliest Dekadrachm
by Euainetos with the Persephone head cannot be determined. It seems probable, therefore,
that these coins were issued just after, rather than before, the beginning of Carthaginian invasion
in 409 B. C.
28
Segesta, situated a short distance from the coast in the western part of Sicily, was a town
Tradition had it that it was founded by Segestos, a son of a Trojan maiden
of the native Klytni.
by the river-god Crimissus in the form of a dog. The myth of the Trojan origin of the people
was accepted by the Romans who regarded the Segestani as a related folk. It is this Segestos,
with the Romanized name of Acestes, whom Vergil has receive Aeneas and his band when they
put into the neighboring harbor:
occurrit Acestes,
IVoia Crimiso concept umjlumine mater

Quern yenuit
B. C. 480-401.
of
Attic Didrachm
?&.
1\
dog standing
1.
2.~>
mm.
Obv.
River-god Crimissus
in
form
border of dots.
/ giIYT3~13
Rev.
H.74 yr.
Head
(retrograde).
of Segesta
r.,
her hair rolled up un
derneath in net behind and caught by a diadem.

Segesta struck no coins till after the defeat of the Carthaginians at Himera in 4SO and Greek
reached the west of Sicily.
civilization
B.
72
M.
Attic Tetradrachm
perhaps a hunter, naked, standing

ing at back, chlamys falling from
his
r.
stretched toward a terminal
with head raised
Head
Rev. \
1.,
C.
415-yw.
16J>2
his
gr.
20mm.
Obr.
EfESTAIQN
Youth,
foot resting on a rock, his conical cap hang
r.
shoulder, holding two hunting spears in 1. hand,

figure; two dogs, one scenting ground, the other
1.
border of dots.
of Segesta
r.
Spink $ Son.
The
influence of Euainetos
is
seen in the reverse type of this coin, which seems to mark a
continuance or restoration of the Carthaginian practice of copying the types of other cities.
This seems to be, and probably is, an exceedingly rare variety of the Tetradrachm.
w estern part of the south coast of Sicily, was an

The town received its name from the river, which in turn was
that grew in abundance along its banks.
Though long ham
Selinus, situated on the Selinus river on the

early colony of
Megara Hyblaea.
named from
the wild celery (<rt\ivov)

pered by contact with the Carthaginians, sometimes, however, apparently in alliance with them,
yet following the crushing defeat of that power in 480 B. C. and the general liberation of Sicilian
cities
from their tyrants
Numerous monuments
in B. C. 472-401 Selinus rose to great wealth.
of
Selinus was destroyed by the Carthaginians in the invasion of B. C.

The city never recovered
401) and the population either put to the sword or sold into slavery.
from that blow.
that greatness
still
exist.
Circ. B. C.
^.
mm.
8.G8 gr.
Attic Didrachm
73
seizing wild bull by horn and raising club to slay him
-Rev.
HYYA3
Of>r.
27.<V
SEAINONTION
circle of dots
branch
in
Con. Weber (1908), 657.
around border.
standing to front, with phiale in
River-god Hypsas
1., sacrificing at an altar, around which a serpent
and a marsh-bird walking away in exergue, branch.
tral
Heracles
in field
r.,
r.
hand, lus-
leaf of celery
24
B.
74
AL.
Attic Tetradrachm
Victorious quadriga
ergue).
action
above, wreath
r.,
C. 4,15-409.
27.8mm.
17.24gr.-,
Obv.
driven by Nike in long chiton
3EAINONTION
;
(in ex
the horses in rapid
in exergue, barley-head.
River-god Hypsas standing to front, with phiale in r. and lustral branch

hand, sacrificing at an altar, before which stands a cock in field, r., celery leaf,
and figure of a bull mounted 1. on a pedestal.
Rev.
in
1.
Ex-Dean of
York.
About the middle of the fifth century Selinus was afflicted by a scourge of malaria so griev
ous that measures were taken to find the cause and remedy it
Diogenes Laertes has preserved
the interesting account of how the Selinuntines appealed to the philosopher Empedocles of Agrigentum for advice. lie advised them to drain the neighboring swamps by connecting two small
This was done, and Selinus in consequence became a wholesome place. The people of
Selinus were grateful for the deliverance and preserved a record of the achievement on their
coins.
On Xo. 73 is Heracles grasping the old god of the noxious river by the horn and swinging
On the reverse is the transfigured river-god in beautiful human form sacri
his club to slay him.
streams.
ficing to
Apollo in gratitude for his cleansing, while a marsh-bird walks away, driven from his old
haunts.
No. 74 is a later coin that repeats an earlier form of the types with the chariot and on the
reverse a figure of the tauriform river-god on a pedestal.
At about the same time the people of Selinus dedicated a golden celery .leaf to Apollo at
Delphi, the celery-leaf, as Plutarch states, being the
Syracuse was not only the chief city of
wapda-n/jiov
or badge of the city.
but was also one of the great wealthy and in

history of the city, but from the
Sicily,
known of the very early

century on down to late Roman times
fluential cities of antiquity.
Little is
its history is well recorded in one

beginning of the fifth
form or another. And an important form of those records consists of the types of an abundant
and peerless coinage. For next to Rome no other city of antiquity left so many coins whose types
were influenced by historical incidents as did Syracuse. The Corinthians founded the city in 734
B. C. and the government was under the control of the Geomori, oligarchs descended from the
From
original colonists, until early in the fifth century, when they were expelled by a revolution.
that time
governments by tyrants, many of them able
rulers, others typical of the worst of their
class, alternated with free democracies until B. C. 212,

mans under Marcellus.
Giro.
B.
when Syracuse was captured by
the
Ro
500.
C.
26.5 mm.
Obv. 5VRA
Attic Tetradrachm 16.04 gr.
75 ^R.
Quadriga r.,
driven by male charioteer, the horses walking border of dots.
mill-sail
Rev. Four compartment,
incuse, in center of which, in incuse circle,
whose
head
female
1.,
hair, represented by dotted lines, falls loosely on her neck.
;
"
"
of this early coin may not have known how to represent four horses in so small
perhaps, he followed the convention of the time and purposely represented them in
At any rate we have two forms and the second
pairs as they are seen on the metope at Selinus.
horses merely outlined about these forms.
The engraver
field or,
The identity of the female head

sephone found so prominently on the
is
unknown, but
later coins.
it
may
well be that of Arethusa or Per

G-elon, Tyrant, R. C.
25
4*5-476.
Gelon was commander of the cavalry under Hippocrates, tyrant of Gela from 4J)8 to 491
B. C. On the death of the latter Gelon managed to become tyrant of (iela and six years later a
revolt of slaves against the (ieomori or landowners of Syracuse gave him the opportunity to inter
fere in the affairs of that city and become its master.
Immediately he transferred his capital to
Syracuse and brought thither some of the population of (iela and all the inhabitants of Camarina.
which he had destroyed. Other conquests followed till Gelon was at the head of a considerable
empire in eastern Sicily. The most notable event of his reign was the defeat of the Carthaginians
at Himera in 480, a victory he won with the help of his ally Theron of Agrigentum.
Attic Tetradrachm
HUM
27 mm.
Obv.
Victorious quadriga r.,

driven by male charioteer holding reins in both hands, the whip in left: above, Nike
with wings spread out and about to light on yoke to crown one of the horses border
#*
76
//>.
of dots.
Rev.
Head
3VRA?OÎON
necklace; the hair
is
of
Arethusa (?)
represented by dotted lines and
r.,
wearing narrow diadem and

formal mass upon neck
falls in a

In B. C. 488 Gelon won a chariot-race in the Olympian games. The event, a great one in
the eyes of every ambitious Greek, is here recorded by the addition of the Nike to the old chariot
It is not certain that the head on the reverse is that of Arethusa, whose foun
type of the city.
tain rose in the island of Ortygia in the
^.
Attic Tetradrachm
harbor of Syracuse, but one
28 mm.
is
inclined to surmise that
it is.
Victorious quadriga r.,

driven by male charioteer in long chiton, holding reins in both hands, the whip in r.
horses walking; above, Nike Hying r. and crowning one of the horses; in exergue, lion
77
17.()(>
yr.
Obr.
running
r.
Rev.
border of dots.
/ ^VRAKOÎON
Female head
r.
in linear circle,
wearing olive-wreath, ear
ring and necklace with pendant; the hair in waves on forehead and turned
single lock falling back of ear
Hirsch XXXII, 164.
up behind,
The
lion in flight
on the obverse of
this coin
connects
it
at once with the crushing defeat of
the Carthaginians at Himera in B. C. 480 by the combined forces of several Sicilian cities under
Diodorus Siculus gives the interesting story that after that
the very able leadership of Gelon.
battle Demarete, wife of Gelon, interceded for the Carthaginians in the peace proceedings and
procured for them far better terms than they had expected. In gratitude the Carthaginians pre
sented her with a hundred talents of gold.
From the silver bought with this large sum, great
Dekadrachms were struck which were called Demareteia. Three extant specimens of Pekadrachms
have been identified as examples of the Demareteia. The types of the large coin were repeated
on contemporaneous issues of Tetradrachms, of which this piece is an excellent specimen.

For that glorified coinage the obsolescent 9 was replaced by K in the city name.
Hieron
7,
Tyrant, H. C.
Hieron succeeded his brother Gelon at Syracuse and in 474 B. C. gained a decisive naval
This victory is alluded
victory over the combined Carthaginian and Etruscan Meets off Cumae.
to by Pindar in the first Pythian Ode:
26
\lffffoftai
8<ppa
Kpoyt tov,
vevcrov,
KaT
oiW
<f>om
T6p<ra-
vw T ôXoXoTdj e xr?, vavfflffTow ii/Jpix ISA, rav Trpo

ola
Kâs
their
dp-
JjVpa.KO(ri<j}v
XV
I pray thee, son of Kronos, grant that the

Phoenician and Tuscan war-cry be hushed at
home, since they have beheld the calamity of
"
dfj.fpov
fleetg
oafMfftlerra
off
,-,
Cumae? how they were van .

c
,-,
quished by the captain of the Syracusans ....

,
to deliver Hellas from oppressive slavery."
iratiov,
tt\Kuv papeias
EXXctS
5ov\ias.
The
court of Hieron was the most brilliant of his age and to
it
resorted Pindar, Aeschylus,
SimonideB,*Bacchylides and Epicharmus.
Attic Tetradrachm
^R-
78
17.17 gr.; 27
the male charioteer in long chiton, holding

Nike flying r. and crowning one of the horses
mm.
Obv. Victorious quadriga
whole
r.,
both hands and whip in r. above,

in exergue, pistrix, or sea-monster
the
reins in
in circle of dots.
\ ^VRAKOÎON
Rev.
and necklace
Hirsch
Head
Arethusa
of
r.,
the hair turned up in a loop behind

171.
wearing beaded diadem, earring,

XXXII,
!&
Obv. Victorious quadriga r.,
Attic Tetradrachm 17.23 gr. 26 mm.
79
driven by male charioteer in long chiton, holding reins in 1. hand, with end of reins
and whip in r. above, Nike flying r. and crowning horses in exergue, pistrix around,
;
circle of dots.
Head of Arethusa r., wearing earring and necklace with

over
waves
forehead
and looped up behind, a cord fillet passing thrice
pendant
around head and twice around the loop of hair at back of head around, four dolphins.
^VRAKOÎON
Rev.
hair in
VHagan,
It has
Du
195.
Chattel,
No. 37.
been suggested that the sea-monster
in the
exergue of these coins relates to the naval
victory referred to above.

Artistically the last
fine style.
quadriga
two coins belong to the period of transition from archaic art to the later
almost correctly represented on the profile head, but the horses of the
appear in two pairs with double outlines.
The eye
still
is
The Democracy.
Circ.
B.
O.
The
coins issued by the democracy, following the expulsion of the last Geloan tyrant, Thrasybulus, in B. C. 466, show still further artistic improvement and the period is known as that of the
Second Transition from archaic to perfected art.
Obv. Similar to No.

80 ^. Attic Tetradrachm 17.31 gr.\ 26 mm.
charioteer holds reins in both hands and Nike carries fillet instead of wreath.
;
^YPAKOÎON
Rev.
head, the back hair

that passes around
Head
of
Arethusa
drawn up and tucked under

it
r.,
but
79,
with hair in short waves over fore
a broad
held in place by a cord

she wears double earring and necklace around, four dolphins.
fillet
H. Chapman.
81
^-
Attic Tetradrachm
17.30 gr. 30 mm.

Nike
in
above,
flying r. to crown horses
driven by male charioteer in long chiton

exergue, laurel leaf border of dots.
;
CATALOGUE OF GKKKK COINS

/{<*
^YPAKOÎON
Female head
27
wearing sphendone, the ends of which
r.
pass three times round the head and twice round large knot of hair at back of head
wears earring and necklace ; around, four dolphins.
Brilder Eyger XLV, 366.
^R.
17.30 gr. 26 mm.
Attic Tetradrachm
82
driven by bearded charioteer; above, Nike flying. 1. and crowning the driver.
Rev. [ Inscription like preceding; female head r., wearing saccos with top drawn
:
back, the cords that fasten
it
and two behind
front of head,
hanging down behind

same position.
around, four dolphins, two in
in
DuniflS (R. # F.), 198.

83 vK. Attic Tetradrachm; 17.2X yr. 26mm.
driven by young male charioteer above, Nike, flying r. and crowning the horses.
Rev. \ Same inscription.
Female head r., wearing saccos embroidered with zig
;
zag line and Meander pattern
Hireh XXXII,
around, four dolphins as on preceding.
284.
Throughout this period the four horses are represented in the naive manner mentioned
above, there being but two forms but each with a double outline. In the treatment of the head
on the reverse, however, there is the greatest variety. At the beginning of the period we find Y
instead of V and P instead of R in the
84
&.
name
of the city.
Attic Tetradrachm: 17.02
27
nnn.
Obv. Victorious
quadriga r.,
driven by winged male figure holding reins in both hands; above, Nike flying 1. to
crown the driver in exergue, Skylla r., with trident across 1. shoulder, reaching out
to catch a fish
before her head, Ere.
Rev. 4
3YPAKO $IQN Head of Persephone r. crowned with barley, the back
(jr.
hair rolled
up and tucked under
a cord
neath neck, EVM around, four dolphins,

Hirsch XXXII, 330.
;
At.
Attic Tetradrachm:
wears necklace with lion-head pendant; be

all
swimming
in the
31mm.
Obv.
same
direction.
Victorious quadriga 1.,

driven by male charioteer grasping reins in both hands, the whip in r. the horses in
high action, with the fourth horse surging ahead of the rest; above, Nike flying r. to
85
I7.0~>gr.\
crown the charioteer;
in exergue, scallop shell.
\ 3YPAK03ION
Female head 1., the hair bound by a cord passing twice

around the head and crossing above the ear; wears earring and necklace; around, four
Rev.
dolphins.
Hirsch,
XXXII,
304.
Cf.
du
Chattel, PI. 0, No. 69.
Eumenos was one of the first artists to sign his name on a coin-die and fortunately several
examples of his work have survived. His treatment of the. perhaps, Arethusa head shows a great
advance over what had been the fashion just before his time. His quadrigae show all the horses
and in vigorous action, but lie fails to attain truth in this regard.
The reverse of No. 84 is combined with an obverse die by Euth(ymos?), a contemporary en
graver whose full name is as yet unknown.
No. 85 is unsigned, but it has been associated with the name of Kumenos on the ground f
style.
28
86
-#*-.
Attic Tetradrachm
17.17 gr.
25 mm.
Obv. Victorious
quadriga
r.
driven by a bearded
long chiton, holding the reins in both hands, the
whip in r., the horses in high action, the first three together, the fourth surging ahead
above, Nike flying 1. carrying wreath for the driver, from which is suspended a tablet
charioteer in
two dolphins head to head; border of dots.

Rev.
^YPAKOÎQN Female head 1. wearing sphendone embroidered with
stars and ampyx, on which a dolphin jumping over waves; around, four dolphins in
ETO
inscribed ETAIN
in exergue,
<
pairs head to head.
Durufte Sale, 204.

An early coin by the artist Euainetos. Like the coins of Eumenos, Nos. 84 and 85, it is a
great advance on the work of their predecessors. Euainetos worked also for the mint at Catana
and above, No. 52, is a Catanian coin by him with the name inscribed on a tablet somewhat as on
this piece.
87
^R-
Attic Tetradrachm
15.97 gr.
20 mm.
Obv. Victorious
quadriga
1.,
driven by a bearded charioteer in long chiton, holding reins in both hands, the whip in
r.
above, Nike flying r. to crown the driver.
;
^YPAKOÎQN
Female head L, wearing sphendone embroidered with

beneath, Seilenos head around, four dol
stars, broad ampyx, earring and necklace
of
them
almost
her
one
lips.
touching
phins,
S. H. Chapman.
Rev. /
An
unsigned piece belonging to this period, and possibly the work of Parme(-nides or -nion).
Obv. Victorious quadriga L,

17.33 gr. 26 mm.
r.
Nike
crown
to
the charioteer beneath
above,
flying
in
of
head
horses, ivy-leaf
barley.
exergue,
Rev. \ ^YPAKIÎ[QN]
Female head 1. wearing broad ampyx and sphendone
88
^R.
Attic Tetradrachm
driven by male charioteer
embroidered with
in front
stars, earring
and necklace with bulla
around, four dolphins, three
and one behind.
ffirsch
XXXIV,
200.
This unsigned piece has been attributed, with good reasons,
to Eukleidas,
an engraver known
from other signed works.
During
the
War
with Athens, B. O. 413-412.
The Athenian expedition
against Syracuse had a great influence on the coinage of the latter

in
other
order
to cope with the great expenditures occasioned by the strug
things,
city.
Among
gle, gold coins were issued at Syracuse for the first time.
Obv. 3YPAK
Head of Arethusa L,
100 Litrae 5.80 gr.; 14.5mm.
embroidered
with
and
necklace
back of neck, star.
stars, earring
wearing sphendone
Rev. \ Heracles kneeling upon his right knee and strangling the Nemean lion
with both arms.
89
-#".
Hirsch.
90
N.
i op
Litrae
ceding; back of the
nymph
5.1G gr.;
s
neck,
14.5mm.
Obv.
^YPAKOÎQN
Similar to pre
29
Rev. \ Similar to preceding.

Hirxch.
These 100 Litrae gold coins were equivalent to 20 silver drachms. This sum probablv rep
resents the monthly pay of a Syracusan soldier. The type of Heracles struggling with the Xemean
lion alludes to the perilous coiillict in which Syracuse was engaged.
They are the work of Kuainetos and Kimon, two engravers already famous throughout Sicily and much of the (Jreck world.
War
After the
91
50 Litrae;
-V.
1.
J.V1
-V.
Rer.
mm.
HIJ>
///.;
11.
C.
Olv.
412-
SYPA
Youthful
male
head
behind, grain of barley.
(river-god ?)
Rev. | Free horse galloping
Hirsch.
92
with Athene
50 Litrae
^YPAKO (m
2.~>(i
gr.
r.
above, star of eight rays.
IL-lmm.
Obc. Similar to preceding.
Free horse
exeryue).
r.
Hirsch.
When the Athenians had met disaster and Syracuse was free from the peril that had threat
ened from one of the most powerful states of the time, a new issue of gold was brought out, with
the unbridled horse as a symbol of freedom.
They were probably issued between H. ( 412, when
the decisive battle was fought at the River Assinarus, and 404, when the tyranny of Dionysius
began. Sir Arthur Evans assigns them to the year 40H.
The 50 Litrae gold piece was the equivalent of the large silver Dekadrachm issued at about
.
the same time.
The Assinaria, H. 6 41~

.
Agonistic iJekadrachms.
As a fitting and enduring memorial of their great triumph over the Athenian invaders at the
River Assinarus, the Syracusans instituted the festival of games to be celebrated annually on the
These games were attended by a large concourse of peo
battle-field and known as the Assinaria.
ple from numerous cities of Sicily, many of which had participated with the Syracusans in the
great struggle. The prizes awarded in the Assinaria were the arms taken from Athenian soldiers,
prisoners and dead, following the battle.
Partly, perhaps chiefly, in order to provide an ample supply of money for the throng of visi
games a special and unusual coinage of Dekadrachms was resorted to. Such ago
tors to these
on the occasion of games, are met with elsewhere in Greece and especially at
where coins were issued for the great Olympian games. The agonistic character of these
Dekadrachms is disclosed by the panoply of arms in the exergue on the reverse, with the designa
tion of A0AA or "prizes."
But the selection of the unusual denomination of the Dekadrachm
for their agonistic issues suggests that the Syracusans also meant the coins themselves to be com
memorative of the successful battle for it was in that denomination that the Demareteia had
been struck following the defeat of the Carthaginians at Ilimera in 15. ( 480.
nistic coins, issued
Elis
tty the
93
/R.
Attic
Dekadrachm
Emjraver Kimon.
4JMX
(jr. ;
37 mm.
Obv.
SYPAKOSIQN
Head
of
Arethusa 1., with ampyx and sphendone, wearing earring of three pendants and neck
lace of beads; on the ampyx KI?; around, four dolphins, in pairs, head to head; the
whole within a
Rev.
reins in
1.
circle of dots.
\ Victorious quadriga 1., driven by male charioteer in long chiton, holding

hand, the whip in r. the horses in high action, the fourth leaping ahead of
;
30
the team; above, Nike, in long chiton, flying
and greaves leaning against a
rass
Athenian helmet
shelf,
r.
to
crown the driver;
on ends of which, to
in exergue, cui
L, shield, to
crested
r.,
beneath, AGAA.
Sir
Hermann Weber
The
signature of the artist Kimon

it are there.
Coll.
not clearly legible on the
is
am pyx,
yet the writer feels
convinced that traces of
Attic
^R.
94
but the
Rev.
4% 51 9 r 36.5 mm. Obv. Similar

and the earring consists of but a single drop.
Dekadrachm
relief is higher,
>
to
preceding,
Similar to preceding.
XXXII, 313.
\t
Hirsch
Obv. SYPAK03IQN
Head of
95 jR. Attic Dekadrachm ^3.34 gr. 34 mm.
Arethusa 1., with ampyx and sphendone, wearing earring of single drop and necklace
of beads
around, four dolphins, three swimming in one direction, the fourth in the
;
on the dolphin beneath neck, KIMON.

opposite on the ampyx, K
Rev. \ Similar to preceding.
;
Hirsch
XXXII,
307.
is very likely a specimen of the earliest issue of these large coins, being a work by
in a style less advanced than No. 95.
The latter coin bears the artist s signature in two
No. 93
Kimon
places, on the ampyx and on the dolphin. The obverse type

was in the island of Ortygia in the harbor of Syracuse.
By
AL.
96
Attic
the
Dekadrachm
is
the head of Arethusa whose spring
Engraver Euainetos.
4$. 76 gr.
37.5
mm.
Obv.
Head
3YPAK05IQN
Persephone L, crowned with barley-leaves, wearing earring and necklace below,

ETAINE around, four dolphins, three swimming in one direction, the fourth in oppo
site
of
Victorious quadriga L, driven by male charioteer in long chiton, holding

horses in impetuous action, the forelegs raised breastreins in 1. and whip in r. hand
of the nearer two
further
ahead
the
above, Nike, in long chiton,
pair surging
high,
in
r. to crown the driver
same
as
No.
93
the whole within circle of
exergue,
flying
Rev.
dots.
Earle
97
Coll.
#*-.
Attic Tetradrachm
4 ^35gr.; 34-5 mm.

r
Obv. Similar to preceding,
but
in field, before neck, A.
Rev.
\ Similar
Hirsch
The
one, the
XXXII,
to preceding.
318.
subject chosen for the Dekadrachrns engraved by Euainetos was the head of Perseph
of whose rape by Pluto and annual return to her mother Demeter was also localized
myth
in Sicily as in other rich agricultural countries.

These great silver coins have been the admiration of connoisseurs
and the despair of engravers

ever since the re-birth of a correct appreciation of Greek art in modern times, whilst in antiquity
the copies and imitations of both the heads, but especially of the Persephone head by Euainetos,
show the high esteem
in
which the works of these two engravers were held by the Greeks them-
81
selves
and also that the ancients preferred the head by Kuainetos
judgment of modern times.
;
just as docs the best critical
Obi\ Head of A rethusa

facing
the
loose
three-quarters
wearing ainpyx
through
flowing locks of which dart
two dolphins also wears earring and necklace with pendants on border, circle of dots,
98
Attic Tetradrachm
<K.
A7..W gr.
28 mm.
in hair,
1.,
beyond which, above head of nymph, traces of name APEOOSA.
\ ^YPAKOÎQN
Rev.
Victorious quadriga
1.,
driven by male charioteer in long
chiton, holding whip in r. hand, the reins in both; above, Nike stepping on head of
nearest horse and about to crown the driver; beneath horses, overturned goal-post
;
in
exergue, barley-head.
Hirsch XXXII, 328.
Hi. Ml
99 ^- Attic Tetradrachm
but from a different die no traces of nymph
:
<jr.
Rev.
Legend and type
mm.
#./>
name.
Obr. Similar to preceding,
similar to preceding, but also from a different die.
Son.
Spink
<f
Kimon
masterpiece in the art of engraving and it is the masterpiece of all time

human head. Indisputably the facing head is not desirable
for a coin type, so quickly do the prominent features of nose and chin wear off and leave an ugly
effect, but Kimon showed the world how such a type should be engraved if it had to be done.
This
is
in the representation of the facing
And
in spite of
Arethusa led
the recognized defects of that form of type the very charm and beauty of Kimon s
it on the coins of several cities in almost all parts of the an
to a close imitation of
For the striking reverse type Kimon seems to have taken a composition from an
and improved upon it. The Nike stepping upon the yoke of the third horse (No.
and about to crown the horse was doubtless in his mind when he wrought out the design for thin
Tetradrachm.
cient world.
earlier coin
7C>)
Hicetas, Tyrant, B. C. 288-270.

In B. C. 2SH Ilicetas was made the general of the Syracusan forces defending the city against
an army of (Jreeks. Mamertine mercenaries, and later also of Carthaginians, under command of
Archagathus who demanded the succession to his grandfather Agathocles whom he had had poi
soned by a favorite, Meno of Segesta. Though Ilicetas could not save the city from humiliating
defeat and harsh peace-terms, yet he was retained as commander of the army and then ruled for
nine years as a virtual tyrant.
JOO
one
7
-
60 Litrae
crowned with
1.
4.25
gr.
17 mm.
Obv.
barley-leaves, wearing earring
SYPAKOSIQN
and necklace
Head
of Perseph
behind, torch
around,
circle of dots.
Biga r., driven by Nike, the horses in high action

EPI
IKETA.
exergue,
Rev.
beneath horses, 0:
in
H. Chapman.
^. 15 Litrae 12. (18 (jr. 26 mm. Obv. Head of Persephone 1. crowned

JOJ
with barley-leaves, her long hair falling loosely on neck wears earring and necklace
in field, r., bee
circle of dots on border.
Rev.
SYPAK03IQN (in exergue). Quadriga r., driven by Nike in long chiton,
;
holding reins
in
1.,
the
Duruflc Sale, 228.
whip
in
r.
hand
above, star of eight rays.
32
The
method of the clever demagogue. They are struck, osten

and
Syracusans
only archonship of Hicetas as the legend on the reverse
For Hicetas shuns the use of the genitive case form of his name, which would imply ab
states.
solute or royal authority, yet only in such outward expressions was his power limited by legal
coins of Hicetas disclose the
name
sibly, in the
of the
restrictions.
Hiero II, B. C, 274-270-216.
was the son of Hierocles, a prominent Syra cusan citizen, and a descendant of the
He served as a general under Pyrrhus during the latter s campaign in Sicily and
Tyrant
on the departure of the Epirote he was chosen by the army to command in the operations against
the Carthaginians and Mamertines. This choice was ratified by the Council and Assembly, prob
ably with some assistance. As a reward for his successes he was made king in 270. His unswerv
Iliero II
Iliero.
ing
fidelity to his
Roman
alliance secured prosperity for Syracuse throughout the long First Punic
all the rest of Sicily was absorbed into the Roman province
War, and independence when nearly

of Sicily.
102
vE.
Litra
34
lEPQNO^
Rev. \
yr-
35 mm.
Biga
r.,
Head
Obv.
of
Hiero
driven by Nike, holding
diademed.
IT, L,
reins in
both hands; circle
of dots.
The gold and silver coins of Iliero are not rare, for Syracuse was prosperous, especially in
the interval between the First and the Second Punic Wars, so that the coinage was abundant.
But the large bronze litra, especially in good state of preservation, is not so frequently met with.
&.
Obv.
Head of Demeter, veiled, 1.,
24.5 mm.
crowned with barley- wreath; behind, leaf; border of dots.
Rev. | ÎKEAIQTAN (in exergue ).
Quadriga r. driven by Nike, wearing long
r.
in
hand
in
and
reins
both
with
circle of dots on border.
above, H5
chiton,
whip
103
3 Litrae
6.83 gr.
XXXI,
Hirsch
231.
This excessively rare coin probably belongs to a special issue of Hieron s government for
the Sicilians outside Syracuse, who in the settlement with the Romans following the First Punic
War had come
under his dominion.
The Demeter-head
is
evidently a portrait of Philistis, wife
of Hieron.
Hieronymus, B.
(J.
216-215.
succeeded his grandfather Hieron on the throne of Syracuse, Roman de

were fully matured and these plans were certain of execution in
Hieron
taken
before his death, the arts of Archimides, or the qualities of
of
by
precautions
spite
But in his account of the young king s vicious character and his perverted policies,
the boy-king.
Livy doubtless has preserved an excellent resume of Roman propaganda to justify both the Syra
When Hieronymus
signs
upon the
entire island
cusans in assassinating the king and effecting a revolution and the
Romans
in declaring
war and
taking Syracuse in B. C. 212.
Obv. Head of Persephone 1. crowned

30 Litrae 2.138 gr. 13 mm.
with barley, the hair falling loosely on neck; wears earring; behind, wreath.
Rev. / BAÎAEft^
IEPQNYMOY A winged thunderbolt within a linear circle.
J04
Spink
Son.
B.
J05
^R-
16 Litrae
13.57 gr.
C.
215-212.
27 mm.
Obv.
Head
of Zeus, laureate
1.
CATALOGUE OF GKKEK COINS

/!>.
/ ^YPAKOÎQN
in
r.
hand and
holding whip
Hirsch XXXII, 397.
:;:;
(in exergue).
Quadriga r. driven by
reins in both; beneath horses, I A.
Nike
in
long chiton,
On the coins of the democracy during the short interval between the assassination of Ilieronymus and the taking of Syracuse by MarceJlus the old civic type of the swift quadriga is
restored
and the Zeus-head type is not new on the coins of the commonwealth.
;
MACEDON
ANGAEAN DISTRICT
who apparently occupied the country in which Mount Pangaeus

was located. Little or nothing is known of them from ancient writers. The find-spots of their
coins are the chief clue to the place of their abode.
After they had been conquered by the Mace
donians the gold mines of Mount Pangaeus became the property of the crown and the great
revenues therefrom had much to do with the future history of Macedon.
The
Orrescii
were a
tribe
Ki fore H. C. 480.
J06
-&.
Babylonic Stater
front knee and seizing a

Maenad
U.20 gr.
21 mm.
arms
in his
Obv.
Centaur kneeling on
ground represented by
r.
a line of dots
Rev. Irregular incuse markings in general outline of a square.

Durufl Sale, 313.
107
rograde).
&.
Mr. ORRE5KION (ret

31 mm.
Babylonic Octadrachm
Naked man, carrying two spears, between two oxen r. in field, to r., flower;
:
->(>.-
///>.;

Rev. Incuse square divided by lines into four compartments.
The coinage of the large Octadrachm was not unlikely caused by the Persian Wars. The
increased trade and commerce occasioned by the passage of the Persians would require additional
currency.
EMATHIAN DISTRICT
Aegae, formerly and again later Ertexsa, was long the capital of Macedon.
burial place of the
108
vK.
It
was the sacred
Macedonian kings.
Babylonic Stater
<S
//J
//r.
;J3
mm.
Obv.
He-goat kneeling
r.
and
dotted exergual line and border of dots.

looking back; above, ;;
Rev. Incuse square in four compartments.
;
Mathey Coll.
The goat apparently
alludes to the legend that when Karanos, brother of King Pheidon of

kingdom for himself, an oracle directed him to take a goat as his
Argos, started forth to found a
Karanos founded Aegae on the site where the goat knelt, incidentally settling in the land
guide.
of his legendary ancestors.
However, this long accepted attribution of these coins has recently been questioned, perhaps
disproved, by M. Svoronos.
34
Ichnae is mentioned by Herodotus in his account of the march of the Persian armies, but it
does not seem to have survived the vengeance visited on several south Macedonian towns follow
ing the defeat at Plataea.
Before B. 0. 480,
JR.
J09
helmet, cuirass,
two
Obv. Warrior wearing crested

Babylonic Stater 9.26 gr. @@ mm.
and greaves, walking beside and restraining horse prancing r. in field,
;
pellets.
Sir
Wheel in incuse square.

Hermann Weber Coll.
The
coin-types of Alexander
Rev.
of
I,
Macedon, were apparently suggested by the coins
of Ichnae.
BISALTIAN DISTRICT
Therma, later Thessalonica, the Salonica of today, stood at the head of the Thermaic Gulf.
Doubt surrounds the attribution of this type of coins to the place, resting, as it does, almost solely
on the fact that specimens have been found there.
Before B. O. 480.
JR.
JJO
r.
Phoenician Tetradrachm
on border.
13.13
gr.\
25mm.
Obv.
Pegasus standing
circle of dots
Rev. Incuse square of four compartments.

Tradition makes
Therma
a colony of Corinth, which
may account
for the
Pegasus type.
CHALCIDIAN DISTRICT
Orthagoreia was a town of uncertain identification even in ancient times, and modern scholars
have not yet solved the problem. Some of the ancient authorities identify it with Stageira, the
birthplace of Aristotle, while others, according to Pliny, held it to be the earlier name of the later
Maroneia.
JR.
\\\
Persic Stater
10.59 gr.
25 mm.
Head
Obv.
knotted on back of head, wearing earring and necklace
of Bendis
behind, quiver
r.
with hair
around, cir
cle of dots.
\ OP0ATO
Rev.
by a star
below,
j-f
PEfiN
Macedonian helmet, with cheek
pieces,
surmounted
H. Chapman.
The Thracian Bendis was the Artemis of the Greeks, and her cult was a favorite one in
The helmet on the
Thrace, including those portions of the country conquered by Macedonia.
reverse alludes to those conquests.
Acanthus is another town of which very little is known prior to the Persian Wars. It was a
colony of Andros, one of the Cyclades. The place probably first acquired some importance when
Xerxes was cutting the canal across its territory to avoid rounding Mt. Athos. After the expe
dition of Brasidas in 424 B. C. Acanthus along with many other Chalcidian and Thracian cities
joined the Spartan alliance.
B.
35
424-400.
Obv. Lion r. on back

Phoenician Tetradrachm; 1^.00gr.\ 27mm.
iind sinking teeth and claws into his flesh; around, circle of dots.
AKA N 010 N around the border of an incuse square and inclosing a
112
A<.
of a bull
1.
Rev.
linear square of four compartments, with raised, granulated surfaces.
The type of the lion and bull probably has reference to the worship of Kybele, and not to
an abundance of lions in the district as is described by Herodotus. More likely that capital story
teller invented the tale on seeing one of the coins.
Following the conquest by Sparta the Phoeni
cian standard replaces the long used Euboic.
Terone was a colony of Ohalcis situate near the point of the Sithonian peninsula. Lying in
the path of the Persian armies Terone was compelled to submit, or at least did submit, to the
Persians and furnished a contingent to their fleet.
R. O. 600-480.
H3
JR.
Euboic Tetradrachm; 10.07
gr.; 27.5
mm.
Obv.
Amphora adorned
with bunch of grapes border of dots.

;
Hirsch
is
XXXI,
258.
Terone seems to have been a center of the wine trade, but the type of this rare Tetradrachm
more likely due to the worship of Dionysus which was well established in many Chalcidian towns.
Olynthus was a colony of Chalcis, located at the head of the Toronaic gulf. It is almost un
prior to the Persian Wars, but became of great importance to the Persians during that
and subsequently rose to prominence as the capital of the Chalcidian League.
struggle
known
After B. C. 479.
&.
114
quadriga
r.
hand
Euboic Tetradrachm;
driven by a bearded
in field, above,
Rev.
Sir
r.
man
Macedonian
Eagle flying
Hermann Weber
1.
in
17.31 gr.\
in talaric
25 mm.
Obv.
Slowly moving
1. and
whip in
chiton, holding reins in
shield.
an incuse square in the center of a larger incuse square.
Coll.
The types of this coin, the quadriga and the eagle, are agonistic, relating to games. Perhaps
an Olynthian won a chariot race at the Olympian games or there may be some other explana
;
tion of the interesting types
the facts are as yet
unknown.
The Chalcidian League with Olynthus as the center of its federal interests was formed in B. (
A few years later, in B. C. 379, the League was almost broken up when Olynthus was sub
dued by Sparta. But later the interests of the League were revived and Amphipolis was included
in the federal alliance.
This brought Athens into the field against Olynthus, the leading spirit of
the League.
Athens was supported by Philip of Macedon, the son of Amyntas, but a divergence
of interests soon put an end to that alliance
and shortly afterward Macedon and Olynthus united
to drive Athens out of Thrace.
In B. C. 358 Philip II of Macedon subdued all Chalcidice and
.
392.
terminated the League.
JJ5
laureate,
At.
r.
Phoenician Tetradrachm; 14-4&
ffr.-,
25mm.
Obv.
Head
of Apollo,
CATALOGUE or GREEK COINS
36
\ XAA
Rev.
KIA EQN
Lyre with six strings;
beneath, [EPI AJNNIKA
above
the A in legend, X.
Paris, May 1910.
;
1445 gr.\ 24.5mm.
Obv.
Head
Similar to preceding, but without X above.
27mm. Obv. Head

Phoenician Tetradrachm; 1441 9 r
crowned with laurel on which are berries.
Rev. \ Similar to preceding; beneath lyre, ETI APISTONOS.
If.
of Apollo,
1.
Rev.
r.
At.
JJ6
laureate,
1&.
of
>
Apollo
Chapman.
Mende was a colony of Eretria located on the Posidonion Cape on the southwest side of the
peninsula of Pallene. The country was fertile, vine culture seems to have been the chief indus
try,
and the
cult of
Dionysus prevailed.
B.
C.
500-450.
Obv. NOIA
Euboic Tetradrachm; 17
gr.; 27 mm.
on
a
crow
his
back
and
beneath
his tail
r.,
ithyphallic, standing
picking
At.
JJ8
ANIW
;
Ass,
around,
cir
cle of dots.
Rev. Incuse square, with four triangular depressions.

Munich, 1913.
Circ.
B.
O.
450-424.
Obv. Seilenos, naked down

Euboic Tetradrachm 17.%3gr.; 29mm.
1.
of
on back
an ass standing r. holds cantharusin r. hand in field,
to waist, reclining
r., crow perched on a vine
At.
JJ9
Rev.
live
^ MENAAION
bunches of
If.
around border of shallow incuse square
within, vine with
fruit in linear square.
Chapman.
The
ass was specially consecrated to Dionysus and his companion Seilenos.

But there must
have been some myth, now unknown, to which these types allude.
The coins of Mende present several obscene types, of which Xo. 118 is an example. Ob
scene types are found on the coins of several Greek cities, some of them quite revolting to modern
Such designs were probably not approved by the Greeks themselves in spite of the re
feeling.
ligious myths and allusions that justified the choice of the devices. They were, however, probably,
less offensive to Greeks because of the secluded position of women in Greek life.
The women of
ancient Greece passed the most of their time in the gynecium or the women s apartment of the
Greek coins were made
house, did not go out shopping, and- so seldom had any use for money.
for men.
Potidaea was a Corinthian colony situate on the isthmus that connected the peninsula of
Like other Macedonian cities Potidaea came under Persian control
Pallene with the mainland.
during the wars with Greece, perhaps some time before, and contributed ships and troops to the
Persian host. But following the defeat at Plataea the city declared for Greece. The Persians
promptly attacked
it
with their
fleet,
but a severe storm drove them
off
and saved the
city.
CATALOGUE OF GRKRK COINS

Circ.
J20
^.
on horseback
B. C. MO-429.
Obr. r Poseidon Hippios

Euboic Tetradrachm 10.70 (jr. 27 mm.
in r. hand
beneath horse, star.
;
r.
87
with trident
Rev. Incuse square divided into four triangular compartments.

Son.
Spink
<f
\~1\
horseback
&.
1.
Euboic Tetradrachm 17.O t ;ir.\ 24mm.

with trident in r. hand
beneath horse, star ?
:
>
Ol>v.
oseidon Hippios on
Rev. Similar to preceding.

Spink Sf Son.
The name Potidaea was derived from Poseidon, and the type of these coins may belong to
the considerable class of types parlants.
It is possible, however, that the type represents the
statue of Poseidon Hippios which Herodotus states stood before the city, probably next to the sea.
The Strymonian
District.
Amphipolis was a colony of Athens situate on the lower Strymon, and built on both banks
name indicates. In B. C. 424 the city, then rich and populous,
was taken by the Spartan general Brasidas. This was a severe blow to Athenian interests and
Thucydides, the historian, then in command of the Athenian fleet stationed at Thasus, was ban
of the river, as the form of the
ished for his failure to reach Amphipolis in time to avert the capture.
the city.
It was taken by Philip of Macedon in B. C.
.
n.
122
/K
Rev.
whole
c.4x^K8.
laureate, three-quarter face
^4 mm.
l +.32gr.-,
Olv.
Head
of Apollo,
r.
IPO AIT EQN on a raised border
AM4>
Athens never regained
{.">S.
within, race-torch and bee; the
in incuse square.
Paris, 1910.
J23
-R.
/., ./.V
</r.
27mm.
Olv.
Head
of Apollo,
1.
Similar to preceding, but without symbol.

Sir Hermann Weber.
Rev.
These beautiful coins, with which in northern Greece only the federal coins of the ChalcidLeague are comparable, were very likely the work of an Athenian engraver. The facing head
of Apollo is specially interesting as one of the most successful of the numerous facing heads in
spired by the masterpiece of Kimon, of Syracuse, his facing Arethusa.
The Kace-torch alludes to a popular Thracian sport, the torch race in honor of Bendis, iden
The cult of Bendis was brought to Athens, where the goddess
tified with the Greek Artemis.
had a temple, and a solemn festival was celebrated in her honor at Piraeus. The torch-race on
horseback was a prominent feature of this festival. In the opening paragraphs of his Republic
ian
Plato mentions this race as
you
know,"
of the
said
goddess"
if
"
On
first
run with horses at Athens.
"
Don
that there will be a torch-race on horseback this evening in honor

Will the riders pass the
that s something new.
horseback ? said I,
Adimantus,
?
the one alluded to were the

"
"
torches on while the horses are racing ?
Or how do you mean
"
"
Exactly as you said
".
Philippi was the name given to a sixth century colony established in the Pangaean district
by the Thasians and called Daton. It was, of course, the rich gold deposits that attracted the
38
Thasians to the region. They were, however, soon driven out by the Pangaean tribes but they
reestablished themselves in the early part of the fourth century at Crenides, not far from the
former settlement. When Philip took the place in B. C. 358 he changed the name to Pldlippi.
It was one of the few cities of Macedon to lose its independence, but retain the right to issue
;
Before the end of Philip s reign, however, the right was withdrawn, though a royal Mace
donian mint was continued there to coin the products of the rich gold mines of the region. At a
much later date the place became famous for the battle there between the legions of Octavian and
coins.
Brutus
and
also for St.
Paul
missionary service in Europe at that place and his letter to
s first
the Philippians.
After B,
f
24
horse
head
Sir
Euboic Stater
Rev.
8.58 gr.
358.
20 mm.
Head
Obv.
of Heracles, in lion skin
Lebes-tripod with three rings; lion claw feet; in
<t>IAirTQN
r.
field, r.,
r.
Hermann Weber
125
C.
<*..
cles, in lion s
Rev.
Coll.
Phoenician Tetradrachm 14-06 yr.

skin, r., the feet tied around his neck.
;
The Macedonian
mm.
Lebes-tripod with long plain feet,
4>IAirrQN
side; above, palm- branch

Alatini Coll.
26.5
to
influence
hung with
Head
fillets
of
Hera
at each
barley-head.
1.,
is
Obv.
seen in these types of Heracles, so familiar later on the coins

whose head is the obverse type of Philip s gold
of Alexander the Great, and the tripod of Apollo,

staters.
The Kings of Macedon.

Alexander
B.
/,
C. ^98-45^..
After the failure of the Persian expedition against Greece, Alexander I, who had contrived
to serve both Persian and Greek in turn, now freed from his vassalage of years to the Persian
domination entered upon a campaign of conquest. One of the first of these conquests were the
The product of these mines supplied the sinews
Bisaltae, whose rich silver mines he aimed at.
for the future powerful Macedonia.
Obv. Horseman riding
Phoenician Tetradrachm 13.18 gr. 27 mm.
in
kausia
and
two
r.
hand
circle
of dots.
around,
wearing
carrying
spears
Rev. \ Head of he-goat r. in a linear square
the whole in incuse
tol., caduceus
J26
1.
^R-
square.
H. Chapman.
JR.
J27
Phoenician Tetradrachm 12.67
he carries two spears
ing kausia and chlamys r.
;
Rev. Forepart of he-goat

square.
Sir
Hermann Weber
The obverse
r.,
with
r.
gr.
in
1.
26 mm.
Obv. Horseman wear
hand around, circle of dots.
;
leg bent, in linear square
the whole in incuse
Coll.
type of the horseman on the coins of Alexander I resembles so much the coins
it is probably an imitation of that established
The goat is the early
coinage.
of the Bisaltae that
type of Aegae, the original capital of Macedonia.

No. 127 may have been issued in the reign of Perdiccas II, B. C. 454-413, who continued
the types of Alexander I.
The style of the coin is much superior to, and doubtless later than
No. 126.
CATALOGUE OF GRKKK COINS

Archelaus
B. C.
7,
89
13-3!)!).
After this son of Perdiccas had disposed of rival claimants and reached the throne of Macedon he proved in fact a very able ruler. He fostered the arts and brought to his court a number
of eminent artists and literary men.
Thus Zeuxis was summoned to Edessa to adorn the royal
for
which
service
he
received
the
palace,
generous reward of seven talents (about 8,000). The
dramatist Agatho lived for some years at the court of Archelaus, but most notable of all was
Euripides who spent the last few years of his lift there.
With the accession of Archelaus the standard of the Macedonian silver coinage was changed
from the Phoenician to the lighter Persic. The reasons for the change have never been agreed
upon. It may have been due, as Prof. Gardner holds, to the influence of Persia, following the
But the lower standard may have been adopted in order to increase the cir
decline of Athens.
culation throughout the Greek commercial centers of Macedonian silver, said to have been a talent
a day from the Bisaltian mines. And the law of monetary circulation, now known as the Gresham
Law, that the cheaper money displaces the better, was certainly known to the Greeks of the
Athens had suppressed coinage throughout her empire and forced the circulation of her
period.
which Macedon could not take in the time of Archelaus.
"owls", a measure
&
J28
10.01 gr.
Persic Stater:
^3.X
mm.
Obv.
Head
of Apollo
wearing
r.,
taenia.
Ret\
the whole
\ APXEAAO
Horse walking
r.,
with rein hanging loose,
in a linear
square
an incuse square.
in
Amyntas
III, B. 0.
389-383 and 381-36!).
This prince soon found that the throne gained by dispossessing Pausanias was far from
For in B. C. 383 he had to rly his kingdom in the face of an invasion by the Illyrians,
and to secure for his people that protection he could not give them, he
his country s ancient foe
even handed over some of his southern towns to the Chalcidian League. Amyntas regained his
throne later, but not his cities until Sparta, to whom he had appealed, crushed the peninsular
secure.
League.
Xt.
J29
Persic Stater
9.37
(jr.
21mm.
Obr.
Head
of bearded
Heracles
r.
in lion s skin.
Rev.
AMY NTA
Horse standing
r.
in linear
square; the whole in an incuse
square.
H. Chapman.
This piece was issued
J30
./R.
Persic Stater
ing kausia and chlamys

Rev. \ AMYNTA
Sir
of
Hermann Weber
Obv. Horseman prancing r., wear

## mm.
hand striking downwards; on horse s Hank,
breaking hunting-spear which has pierced his r. foot.
9.98 gr.
spear in
Lion
1.
r.
Coll.
novel type was issued in the second period of the reign.

evidently alluded to by the type.
This coin with
is
in the earlier period of the king s divided reign.
its
Philip //, B. C. 359-336.

monarch
This gifted
made Macedon a world-power politically and there
For immediately after
that fact than his vast gold and silver coinage.
is
The
lion-hunt
no better evidence
his accession
Philip
40
gained possession of the Pangaean district, one of the richest gold fields known in antiquity. The
enormous production of gold had already so affected the price of the metal, reducing it from 1 to
12 down to 1 to 10 as compared with silver, that the Macedonian monetary system had to be again
reorganized. Philip struck his new gold staters on the Attic standard and restored the Phoenician
standard for silver. This made the gold stater worth 24 silver drachms.
The gold of Philip succeeded to the place long held by the Persian Daric and the Cyzicene
Stater in the commerce of the world.
They were carried in great quantities into Central Europe
by the Gauls, where the types were rudely copied. These crude Gallic imitations were in turn
used and copied in Britain, with the ultimate result that the English Pound was derived from the
Macedonian
Stater.
reins in
Stater
;V.
J3I
Rev.
8.58 gr.
4>IAIPPOY
and whip
r.
in
1.
18 mm.
Head
of Apollo, laureate, r.
driven
(in exergue).
Biga r.,
by female charioteer, holding
in
hand
front of wheel, A
beneath horses, f^.
;
Obv.
Virzi Coll.
J32
N.
Rev.
/ Legend
$
Spink
Attic Distater
17.20 gr.
and type similar
to
22 mm.
preceding
Olv. Similar to preceding.

;
beneath horses, thunderbolt.
Son.
types of these gold coins relate to the victory won by Philip s horses in the Olympian
For this there is the definite statement of Plutarch. Xo. 132 was not struck in Mace
It is a rather early imitation.
donia, but most likely in Central Europe.
The
games.
Alexander III,
the Great,
B.
C.
336-323.
in conquest and commerce the great power his father Philip left him.
into execution Philip s plans to conquer Asia and in fact rather easily achieved
the role of a hero that for centuries captivated the imagination of mankind, and also converted
Alexander exploited
He promptly put
s kingdom into an actual world-empire.

Of this the coins are
witness.
His
a
most
Staters
and
silver
Tetradrachms
were issued from
important
gold
again
numerous mints throughout his empire, and after his death they continued to be issued from
These enormous issues supplanted or supplemented other
scores of mints for a long period.
coinages everywhere and thus became the most widely used international coinage the world has
the world influence of his father
ever known. Commercial reasons once more required a change in the monetary system of Macedon, and the Attic standard, already used for the gold, was also introduced for the silver. This
Attic system was a decimal one, 20 silver drachms being equivalent to the gold stater.
Obv. Head of Athena

17.17 gr. 23mm.
crested Corinthian helmet adorned with serpent, earring, and necklace.
133
Rev.
wreath
in
X-
Attic Distater
\ AAEEANAPOY
r.
Winged Nike standing
and naval standard
in
1.
to front,
head turned
r.,
1.,
wearing
holding
in field, trident.
Alexander is said to have ridiculed the chariot-type his father placed on his gold coins. He
promptly abandoned the type and introduced his own which were quite new on Macedonian coins.
His choice of Athena for his gold was probably dictated by his desire to pose as a friend of Athens,
though his devotion to that goddess is an established fact.
J34
7R.
Attic Tetradrachm
cles, in lion s skin,
1.
17.14 0^.
20.5 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
young Hera
CATALOGUK OF GRKKK COINS
/ AAEIANAPOY
Her,
hand, the
Zeus seated
supporting scepter;
1.
in field,
1.
r.,
41
on throne, holding eagle
in
extended
r.
bee.
8on.
Spink
<j-
Tradition has
Alexander himself.
on the tetradrachms
that the head of Heracles on his silver coins really presents the portrait of
The head
it is the first instance of a human portrait on Greek coins.
it
If so
is
usually turned to the right, very rarely to the left as on this specimen.
Demetrius Poliorcetes, B. C.
command
In 306 B. C. Demetrius in
30(>-%X3.
of the fleet of his father Autigonus,

King of Asia",
As a memorial of the event he erected
"
won a naval
victory over Ptolemy of Egypt off Cyprus.

the colossal statue of Victory in Samothrace, which is
still preserved and is now in the Louvre.

represented on his coins, a type that was employed for an extensive coinage in sev
The type of Poseidon on No. l. J7 also relates to that victory.
eral denominations.
That statue
is
Immediately after that naval victory both Antigonus and Demetrius assumed the title of
being the first of Alexander s successors to do so. The example was promptly followed
by the others and even Agathocles at distant Syracuse was inspired to assume that dignity.
Ja<riXet)s,
J35
dem and
V.
Attic Stater
21 mm.
Head
Obv.
of
Demetrius
r.,
with dia
bull s horn.
BAÎAEQ^ AHMHTPIOY
Rev. \
chlamys, carrying spear in
Hermann Weber
Sir
8.01 gr.
^.
r.
hand
Horseman prancing
behind,
/fj
wearing kausia and
r.,
beneath horse,
Coll.
Obr. Nike standing 1. on a

10.91 gr.\ 30mm.
in 1. hand
the prow orna
naval
standard
and
ship
prow, blowing trumpet
holding
mented with large eye below, a curved line indicates waves on border, circle of dots.
J36
Attic Tetradrachm
Rev.
\ BA3IAEQ3 AHMHTPIOY
Poseidon standing
hand, his chlamys hung across 1. arm in field,

R. Attic Tetradrachm; 17.30 (jr.
137
;
r.,
diademate
Rev.
r.
rock,
on border,
wielding trident with
r.
J2./>
mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Demetrius
circle of dots.
BA3IAEQ5 AHMHTPIOY
arm resting on
fa
1.,
raised leg, the
Poseidon standing
1.
holding trident
1.,
his
in field,
1.
1.,
foot resting on a
<g
r.,
on bor
der, circle of dots.
Antigonus Gonatas, B. C.
%77-%3i>.
The outstanding events in the long reign of this king was his crushing of the Gauls who had
invaded Macedon and his final defeat of Pyrrhus who claimed the crown, the latter being killed at
Argos.
Attic Tetradrachm: I7.02yr.\ 31.5mm.

crowned with marine plant.
J38
^K.
\ BA3IAEQ3 ANTITONOY on prow

in r. hand
bow
below, f^Tholding
Rev.
1.
Obv.
of battle-ship; on
Head
of Poseidon
r.
which Apollo seated
It is yet uncertain whether this interesting coin was issued by Antigonus Gouatas or Antig
to
} the former won a naval
Doson. But in B. C.
victory over the Egyptian fleet off Cos,
onus
which the type might
2">.
refer.
42
PAEONIA.
whether Paeonia recovered its independence of Macedonia following the death
of Perdiccas or became a vassal kingdom of Philip II, with the right to coin money. In the latter
case one would expect the standard to conform to the Macedonian, but it does not.
So that the
remnant of that nation, that once had embraced nearly all of Macedonia and Thrace, may have
led an independent existence alongside its more powerful neighbor to the south.
It is not clear
Lycceiu*, B. 0. 359-340.
J39
-*..
r.
laureate,
Rev.
in
r.
on border,
behind,
Rhousopoulos
15.29 gr.
mm.
24.S
Obv.
Head
of Apollo,
circle of dots.
AYKKEIOY
hand
Heracles, naked, strangling lion with
bow and
1.
arm, his club raised
quiver.
Coll.
THRACE.
Aenus was situated at the mouth of the Hebrus river on which floated a very considerable
commerce.
This assured the city wealth, but the city never acquired a commanding political in
fluence, and was incorporated into the Macedonian empire about B. C. 350, when its independent
coinage came to an end.
B.
fo.
J40
Attic Tetradrachm
C.
^60-400.
16.23 gr.
25 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Hermes
wearing close-fitting petasus with tassel and beaded band.

Rev. I AIM
Goat standing r. in front, young Dionysus resting on
offers the goat a vine-leaf
the whole in incuse square.
I
1.
r.
knee,
Allatini Coll.
B. C. 400-350.
^R.
J4I
ing,
wearing
Chian Tetradrachm
close-fitting petasus
Rev. f
AIM ION
15.81 gr.
mm.
<25
Obv.
Head
of
Hermes, fac
with tassel and beaded band.
Goat standing
r.
before,
amphora
Allatini Coll.
These beautiful types
relate to the cults of
Hermes, the god who directed commerce
to the
The
facing head shows one of the numerous efforts of Greek coin

engravers to imitate the success and renown achieved by Kimon with his Arethusa head at
Hebrus, and
to
Dionysus.
Syracuse.
Abdera, situate on the southern coast of Thrace, was originally an unsuccessful colony of
Clazomene. But in B. C. 544 it was occupied by people from Teos who sought refuge from the
domination of the Persians. The city soon became prosperous and rose to great importance.
But some who had fled the Persians at Teos must have lived to see that hated master lord it over
For Abdera became one of the halting places for Xerxes and his host when on
their new home.
their
way
invade Greece.
to
Circ.
B.
ear circle.
C.
480.
28.77
Phoenician Octodrachm
with beak open, curled plain wings, and the
J42
</R.
r.
gr.
paw
31 mm.
raised
Obv. Griffin
in field, 9
seated
on border,
1.,
lin
CATALOGUE OF GKKBK COINS

Rev.
Incuse square divided into four compartments.
SpinTc
J43
but the
1:;
Son.
<f-
/R.
Phoenician Octodrachm 20.70 gr. 27.5 mm.

has feathered wings, and in field, 1., cantherus.
;
griffin
Similar to preceding,
Sir H. Weber Coll.
The
coins issued by the
Tean refugees
at
Abdera bear the same types
The
former home.
standard, however, is different.

modified to meet local commercial conditions.
It
is
as the coins of their
apparently the Phoenician standard
These Octodrachms were very likely issued to meet the increased demand for currency
occasioned by the occupation of the town by the Persian army on its way to invade Greece.
Circ.
144
on a
--ft.
fish,
B. C. 450-430.
I
^.04 gr.
27mm.
with rounded, feathered wing; around, magistrate
Obv.
s
Griffin seated
1.
name KAAAIAAMA3
circle of dots.
around,
Rev.
ABAHPITEQN
on border of an incuse square; within, smaller linear
square in four compartments.

J45 rR.
1.,
Obv. Griffin, rampant,

1^.88 gr. ; 27 mm.
beak
feathered
the
open, pointed
wings beneath, phallus around, circle of dots.
Rev. / EPINE 3T 103 on border of incuse square; in center, smaller linear
;
square in four compartments.

m. Phoenician Tetradrachm
J46
1.,
14-88 gr.
27 mm.
Obv. Griffin, rampant,
beak open, pointed feathered wing beneath, crayfish around, circle of dots.
Rev. \ EPIM OA HAA 03 on border of incuse square; in center, young male
;
head
1.
in smaller incuse square.
B.
C.
4Q8-3W.
mm. Obv. ABAH

Persic Stater; 1047 gr.\
1.
with
pointed wing,
griffin,
Rev. I EPI IPPQ
NAKTOS Head of Apollo, laureate, r.
J47
bent
^R.
PITEQN
23J>
Recum
beneath, shell.
Son.
Spink $
The adoption
century
is
of the Persian standard of coinage at Abdera in the closing years of the fifth
Athens had fallen in 405 B. C., a victim immediately of Spartan arms, but
interesting.
enormous subsidies of Persian gold. With the prostration of Athens the power of
Persia grew rapidly. This power and the enormous supplies of Persian gold were felt in all chan
nels of trade and especially in Thrace and Macedon, where the Persic standard was widely
chiefly of the
adopted.
Dicaea, in Thrace, was sometimes called "Dicaea near Abdera" to distinguish it from the
Macedonian town of the same name, which was a colony of Eretria and known as Dicaea of the
Eretrians."
The Thracian Dicaea was a relatively unimportant sea-coast town.
"
Before B. C. 500.
J48
r.
1&.
in lion skin.
Baby Ionic
Stater
0.72 gr.
10 mm.
Otw.
Head
of bearded Heracles
CATALOGUE OF GREEK Corns
44
Rev. Incuse square divided by bands into four triangular compartments, two of
which are subdivided.

Sir H. Weber Coll.
Samothrace, in the Aegaean Sea off the coast of Thrace, was from a very early period famous
It was also by many regarded as the place of origin
as the seat of the mysteries of the Kabeiri.
of the worship of Kybele, with which the mysteries of the Kabeiri became somewhat confused.
The
was taken by Macedon and remained a part of that empire

Thereupon it issued coins with types showing local influence.
island
chus.
Circ.
14:9
^R.
Attic Stater
7.82 gr.
patera in outstretched
1.,
r.
Lysima-
B. C. 280.
25 mm.
Corinthian helmet adorned with serpent.

Rev. \ ÂMO
Kybele seated 1. on
to
until the death of
Head
Obv.
a throne,
hand, holding sceptre in
of
Pallas
in long chiton,
1.
r.
in
crested
modius? on head,
beneath throne, lion seated
1.
reading downward, MHTPONA[KT03].

Byzantium, on the Propontis, was colonized
tion of Megarians.
But
first
by the Argives and later received an addi

on the crossing of two great commercial
in spite of its favorable location
highways the city made little progress until Milesian colonists arrived. Following the Ionian Re
was abandoned before the Persian fleet could reach it. The Persians destroyed the
empty town. It was not restored until after the defeat of Xerxes. Later the place suffered
and still later was made the splendid Con
cruelly at the hands of the Gauls, who sacked it clean
stantinople of the Romans and Greeks, and finally, the squalid one of the Turk.
volt the city
Circ.
B.
C.
221.
&. Rhodian Tetradrachm 14-72 gr. 27.5 mm. Obv. Head of Denieter
and crowned with wreath of grain-leaves.
Rev. | p Y
Poseidon, nude down to waist, seated r. on a rock, holding aplustre
and trident in 1. hand beneath, EH A0ANAIQN (i. e. A0ANAIQN) in field, 1., {.
J50
r.,
veiled
in
r.
Panticapaeum was a sixth century Milesian colony situated on the Cimmerian Bosporus, in
It stood, therefore, at the gateway to the gold mines of the Altai mountains,
the treasure guarded by the legendary griffins.
the
modern Crimea.
Circ.
B.
C.
350.
0.08 gr. 22.5 mm.

Obv. Head of Pan 1., with heavy pointed
beard and animal-ear, crowned with ivy.
Rev. \ PAN
Winged griffin, with head of horned he-goat, 1., the head facing, r.
151
paw
W.
Stater
raised, spear in
Spink
mouth
below, barley-head.
Son.
The head of Pan, a punning-type alluding to the first syllable of the city s name, is the fine
work of a Greek artist. Evidently the grain-fields of the territory vied with gold as a source of
wealth, as the barley-head would indicate.
CATALOGUE OK GRBBK COINS
46
KINGS OF THRACE.
Lysimachus, B. C. 323-2X1.
LysimaelniK was recent of Thrace for Philip Aridaeus and the young HOII of Alexander by
Hoxana, but, following the death of the heir, he received Thrace as his portion of the empire and
assumed the title of King in B. C. HU(i. In H. C. 2H( he obliged PyrrhiiH to relinquish his clainiH
to Macedonia and withdraw to Epirus, and thus strengthened his claims to that much disputed
throne.
After B. C. 306.
V.
152
Stater:
S ./v7
IX mm.
(jr.
Head
Obv.
thian helmet adorned with serpent

wears necklace.
Her. / BA3IAEQ3 AY3IMAXOY
Nike standing
Athena
of
r.,
in crested
Corin-
standard
in
1.
hand
in
forepart of lioness
field, r.,
1.,
and
holding wreath in r. and naval

below r. wing of Nike,
(Q)
;
bucranium.
^R.
J53
Attic Tetradrachm:
cles, in lion s skin,
Rev.
sceptre in
hand
i)
///-.;
^ mm..
Obv.
Head
of
young Hera
border of dots.
BA3IAEQ3 AY3IMAXOY
f
1.
r.
Hi. i
Zeus Aetephoros seated 1. on throne, holding

and crescent beneath throne, $j.
in front, forepart of lion
Lysimachus continued these Alexander types on his coins for several years after the death
of the conqueror.
J54
-V.
Stater;
8.i~t5
gr.
11). it
mm.
Obv.
Head
of deified
Alexander
r.,
with
diadem and horn of Ammon.

Rev. \ BAÎAEQ^ AYÎMAXOY
Athena seated 1. on throne, wearing long chiton
and crested Corinthian helmet; behind, her shield, on which rests her 1. arm with spear
in hand
in r. hand, Nike crowning the name of the king.
,il mm.
Obt\ Similar to preceding,
Attic Tetradrachm: 17. Ol yr.
J55 JR.
;
with
circle of
dots on border.
Rev.
Inscription
field,
r.,
and type similar to preceding;
in
front of Athena,
<
in
|(.
When Lysimachus abandoned
the Alexander types he no doubt sought to conciliate the
friends of the conqueror by placing the head of the deified Alexander on his coins.
Hut his own
glory and vanity were equally well served in the type of Athena with Nike crowning his royal
name.
THE8SALY.
Lamia was the capital of the Malian people and located somewhat inland from the Malian
The place was famous in Greek history as the seat of the Lamian War waged between the
Macedonians and Greek confederates led by the Athenians.
Gulf.
Cire.
156
At.
Aeginetic
Drachm
wearing taenia and earring.
B. C. 302-286.
^^3
gr.
21 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
nymph Lamia
r.,
46
Rev.
case with
EQN
A A Ml
Philoctetes, naked, seated
1.
on a rock, holding bow in
hand, his
resting on the rock.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
r.
1.
The fine head on the obverse suggests a portrait and it has been suggested that it might be
Lamia, the mistress of Demetrius Poliorcetes. In that case the Lamians sought royal favor by
thus honoring the beautiful hetaira of whom Demetrius was so fond.
The reverse type of Philoctetes gives no suggestion of that Thessalian prince suffering with
;
his wounded foot, as portrayed by Sophocles.

Yet the type suits this mythical figure
banished from the army before Troy and abandoned in Lemnos, rather than Heracles.
who was
It was probably a
Larissa, situate on the Peneus river, was the principal city of Thessaly.
Pelasgic town of great antiquity and founded by the same race by which the several cities named
Larissa in Europe and Asia were built. Larissa was the ancestral home of the powerful house of
the Aleuadae,
some of whom became tyrants of portions of Thessaly.

and were expelled.
They
sided with the Per
sians against Greece
Circ.
157
1&.
Aeginetic
Drachm
B.
C.
480-430.
6.07 gr.
21.5
mm.
Youth standing
Obv.
petasus and chlamys hanging on back, restraining bull with rope around horns
L, his
around,
circle of dots.
Rev.
MaiJiey
AAPI
ÂIA
Horse, with loose rein, galloping
r.
Coll.
The bull-fight was the national sport of the Thessalians. Suetonius (Claudius, 21), describes
manner of the contest. The youth on horseback pursued the bull around the arena until the
animal was nearly exhausted, then leaped from his horse, seized it by the horns and stretched it
upon the ground. The horse, of course, was free after his rider grappled with the bull and gal
loped away. The types of this coin portray the critical moment of the fight.
the
Circ.
J58
^.
B.
C.
400-344.
Aeginetic Didrachm 12.24 9 r

with fillet in hair.
;
>
mm
Obv.
Head
of
nymph La
rissa three-quarter face L,
Rev.
AAPI 3AIQN
Bridled horse trotting
r.
Savastopoulos Coll.
The facing head on this coin at once marks

on the coin engraved by Kimon at Syracuse.
J59
JR.
Aeginetic
quarter face L, in
ax.
Rev.
Drachm
it
5.92 gr.
as later than the
19.5 mm.
ornamented conical helmet with

Eagle on thunderbolt
AAPIÂIA
L,
famous facing Arethusa-head
Obv.
flaps; in field,
Head
r.,
of
Aleuas three-
AAEYA and
with head turned back; in
battle-
field, L,
EAAA.
Rhousopoulos
The head on
Coll.
this coin
is
meant
for Aleuas, the founder of the princely house of the Aleuadae.
Oetaei was the designation of the people who inhabited the slopes of Mount Oeta.
They
were not an entirely independent people, but more or less under the domination of the Thessalians.
CATALOGUE OF GRKKK COINS
47
B. 0. 496-140.
Attic Didrachm
^R.
J60
7.61 gr.
mm.
2$.
Obv.
Lion
head
1.,
with spear in
mouth.
Rev.
OITAI
lion s skin
Heracles standing to front, holding club

arm.
fiN
hanging across
r.
in
1.
hand, with
Sir H. Weber Coll.

Strabo mentions the cult of Heracles
among
the Oetaei, and evidently
it
was
specially favored.
Pherae was the birthplace of that Jason, whose exceptional military abilities and personal
qualities made him practically monarch of all Thessaly and one of the famous leaders of Greece.
Soon after the assassination of Jason the supreme power
Alexander of Pherae, B.
1&.
\6\
quarter face
cuirass
r.,
into the
hands of one Alexander.
C. 369-357.
Aeginetic Didrachm ll.XO yr.\ 2% mm.

with earring holds torch in r. hand.
:
Olv.
Head
of
Hekate
three-
j AAEEANAPOY
Rev.
fell
Horseman with
lance, charging
r.
wears petasus and
beneath horse, battle-ax.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
These types relate to the cult of Hekate, or rather of Artemis, with whom the former was
whilst the battle-ax is an allusion to Alexander s
associated, and. perhaps, to Poseidon Ilippios
special worship of Dionysus Pelekis (7rAe/ci>s= battle-ax).
:
After defeating Philip at Cynoscephalae in B. C. 190 Flaminimis declared the

Thessali.
Thessalians and other neighboring peoples free. The Thessali set up a federal government and
instituted a coinage, which continued till the establishment of the Province of Macedon in B. C.
146.
J62
Double Victoriatus
behind, ITAA05.
^H..
with oak
Rev.
/ 0E33A
with shield in
1.,
AftN
spear in
basis of an extensive
ft.
81
gr.
22 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Zeus
crowned
AAKET
below,
.;
3Q3ITTAT[PO].
struck on what was virtually the Rhodian standard.
Roman
r.,
Thessalian Pallas Itonia standing r., in fighting attitude,

hand, her peplos hanging across her arms wears crested
r.
helmet and long chiton; above,
Spink $ Son.
The Victoriatus was
It
became the
coinage.
EPIRUS.
Alexander, B. C. 342-326.
This son of Neoptolemus, brother of Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great, is best
in history for his futile efforts to aid the Greeks of Magna Graecia against the Bruttii,
known
where he
J63
r.
lost his life.
/R.
Aeginetic Stater
crowned with oak-leaves.
10.89 gr.
23 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Zeus Dodonaeus
48
AAEEANAPOY TOY NEOPTOAEMOY
Rev. /
Rhousopoulos
Thunderbolt.
Coll.
The Aeginetic standard

of
Alexander
of this piece points to Epirus as the place of issue, though the most
coins were struck in Italy to meet the expenses of his expedition.
Pyrrhus, B.
C.
295-27%.
This able but impetuous and capricious prince was one of the most interesting royal person
of
antiquity.
Pyrrhus is better known for his exploits outside his own kingdom of Epirus
ages
than for anything he accomplished for his own people. He contested the throne of Macedon
with Demetrius Poliorcetes and for seven months was king of all Macedon in B. C. 287-286, while,
campaigns in the West, he again won the throne of that country from Antigonus, B. C.
274-272.
Pyrrhus is best known, however, for his campaigns in Italy, at the invitations of the
after his
Tarentines, against the Romans, and in Sicily against the Carthaginians and Mamertines in both
of which he won costly successes but no enduring results, and had to give up his dreams of a
;
He met
western empire.
his death in Argos, whither he
ful effort to intervene in the affairs of Sparta.
what was
roof of a house in
He was
had withdrawn following an unsuccess

down by a tile hurled from the
struck
really a street-brawl.
23 mm. Obv. Head of Athena r. in crested

in field 1., owl
on
Corinthian helmet, wearing earring and necklace
beneath, A
N-
164
Attic Stater
8.59 gr.
border, circle of dots.
BAÎAEQ^ P YPPOY
Rev. y
in
1.
in field, thunderbolt;
Nike standing
border of dots.
Hirsch XII, 175.

J65
Drachm
Attic
-V.
earring and necklace
Û
(
behind, quiver
>
mm.
1.,
with oak-wreath
Obv.
in front, torch
Head
of
in
r.
hand, trophy
Artemis
circle of dots
r., wearing
on border.
Prowe, 855.
Rev.
These gold coins were struck at Syracuse while Pyrrhus was in Sicily (B. C. 278-275) to aid
For a time his armies swept all
the Greeks there against the Mamertines and Carthaginians.
before them, but he crushed neither and left Sicily with but little accomplished. The reverse
type of the gold
^R-
J66
naeus
1.,
is
eloquent of his confidence.
Attic Tetradrachm
crowned with oak-leaves
Rev.
BAÎAEQ^ PYPPOY
chiton, and peplos
scepter in
r.
17.05 gr.
beneath, A
;
3% mm.
border of dots.
Dione seated
1.
hand, and with
1.
Obv.
Head
of
Zeus Dodo-
on a throne, wearing high Stephanos,

holding up corner of peplos.
Hirsch.
The
where
it
style of this Tetradrachm betrays the fabric of the mint at Locri Epizephyrii
was almost certainly issued during the military operations of Pyrrhus in Italy.
in Italy,
AETOLIA.
The Aetolians were
civilization
till
the most backward of the Greek people, remaining almost untouched by

The failure of the Macedonians to reach them and
early in the third century.
CATALOGUE OH GKKKK COINS

.subdue them, while on the other hand their success in
them to boast of two victories. Their organized efforts to
49
stemming an invasion of the .mil-,

meet these two formidable enemies
<
led
re
sulted in cementing their league as well as winning considerable respect throughout Greece.
Their first coins were struck after these events.
A.
J67
Attic Stater
v.
ys yr.
OT-MV.
C.
/i.
ItiM
mm.
Head
Olv.
of
Athena
r.
in crested
Corinthian helmet adorned with serpent; between serpent and crest, A.

Rev.
AITQAQN Aetolia, wearing kausia, chiton, and endromides, seated r. on
of
Gaulish
and Macedonian shields; she holds spear in r. and Nike, with wreath,
pile
in
I.
hand
B; in exergue, club.
I.,
1598.
Rhou9opoulo9,
At.
Attic Tetradrachm;
168
///.;
in field,
X>
1<>.!>7
lion s skin,
Rev.
r.
->/
mm.
Oln\
Head
of
Heracles,
in
border of dots.
Similar to preceding; in
field,
\ and
IH
on the upper shield,
A,
on the
lower, AV.
The
figure of Aetolia on these two coins may represent the statue dedicated by the AetoDelphi to commemorate their victories over the Macedonians and Gauls. In that case
the letters on the shields very likely allude to the generals, Acichorius of the Gauls and Lyciscus
of the Macedonians.
lians at
CM/. Young male head r.,

Aeginetic ? Stater* 10.56 gr. 20 mm.
crowned with oak-wreath intertwined with a diadem behind, AY border of dots.
Rev. | AITfiAQN
Young warrior standing 1., his r. foot resting on rock, his
J69
/K..
chlamys thrown across

field,
1.,
r.
leg,
holding spear with
r.
hand
kausia hanging at back
in
N<.
Rhousopoulos Coll.
It has been suggested that the head on
honorary head of the Aetolian League
son of Antigonus Gonatas.
in
B. C.
this coin represents

11)2.
It
Antiochus III, who was made
has also been identified with Demetrius,
LOCRIS.
The Eastern, or Opontian, Locrians, as they were sometimes called to distinguish them from
the Western or Epizephyrian Locrians of Italy, struck no coins till after the Peace of Antalcidas
One of the terms of that peace required all Greek communities to be autonomous.
The Locrians may have been obliged to establish a mint. The mint was opened at Opus, the
capital, and the coins bear the name of that city.
in B. C. 3H7.
170
/R.
Aeginetic Stater
Utt
mm.
Ol: Head
of
Persephone 1.,
crowned with grain-leaves, wearing earring and necklace.
Locrian Ajax, nude, advancing r., wearing crested Corin
Rev. / OPONTIQN
thian helmet, armed with short sword and shield, on inner side of which, serpent.
:
fjr.\
24.
CATALOGUE OF GBEEK COINS
50
J7J

12.16 gr. ; 2J/..5 mm.
Similar to preceding, but griffin on inner side of shield on ground,
^R.
Aeginetic Stater
Rev.
spear between feet of hero, AIAS.

Sir H. Weber Coll.
;
J72
^R.
Aeginetic Stater
12.22 gr.
25 mm.
Obv.
Head
crowned with
Rev. \
grain-leaves, wearing earring of single drop, and

Similar to preceding, but without hero s name.
of Persephone
necklace.
r.,
Coll.
Philipsen
1&.
173
Obv. Head of Persephone

Aeginetic Stater 12.24 gr. 21 x 26 mm.
1., wearing wreath of barley-leaves, earring, and necklace.
Rev. \ Similar to preceding, but lion on inner side of shield on ground, between
the hero s feet, pileos and spear.
;
Sir H. Weber Coll.
Comparison of the head on these beautiful Staters with the Syracusan Dekadrachms by
Euainetos discloses the fact that the Locrians, like other backward peoples of Greece, turned to
the famous engravers of Sicily or of Italy when they began to issue coins.
The reverse type celebrates the Locrian hero, Ajax, son of Oileus, who had been one of
Helen s suitors and went to Troy with forty ships. Ajax never returned, having incurred the
wrath of Athena for violating Cassandra when Troy was taken.
BOEOTIA.
Tanagra, situate in the southwestern part of Boeotia near the frontier of Attica, was one of
two important
cities of
the country, Thebes being the other.
tions with Chalcis just across the Euripus in Euboea.

tiful figurines that have been found in its necropolis.
Circ.
J74
JR.
Rev.
BO
B.
C.
It
is
was long
best
in close political rela
known today
for the
beau
480-456.
Obv. Boeotian shield.

Aeginetic Stater 12.47 gr. 19 mm.
Wheel of four spokes, between which are the letters of the inscription
;
Tanagra
retrograde.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
The shield is the common type of the confederate cities of Boeotia, while the wheel was
evidently adopted from Chalcis and may point to a monetary alliance.
Circ.
J75
Rev.
B.
C.
387-374.
Obv. Boeotian shield.

\ T A Forepart of horse r. with wreath around neck.
^-.
Durufle, 386.
The
horse, apparently swimming,

gorge into the plain near Tanagra.
may
refer to the River
Asopus struggling through the
Thebes was the principal city of Boeotia and capital of the Boeotian League. This city,
founded by Cadmus, the reputed inventor of the alphabet and hero of many a myth, was second
51
Under the leadership of Thebes

city in the richness of its legendary history.
Boeotia were at an early period formed into one of the most successful confederations
of antiquity. The representatives, called Boeotarchs, met at Thebes and had plenary powers in
to
no other Greek
the
cities of
matters of
common
interest, including that of coinage.
H. O. 426-387.
^R.
J76
Aeginetic Stater
0E
Rev. -^
12.00 gr.
23 mm.
Obv.
Boeotian shield.
Infant Heracles, seated to front, strangling serpent witli each hand
bow.
in field,
Benson
Coll.
Hera, enraged, sent two serpents to destroy the infant Heracles, but the mighty son of her
husband Zeus and Alcmena strangled the serpents. The type here simply treats one of the myths
of Heracles as a Theban hero
but soon the same type was employed elsewhere as a symbol of
It was so used at Croton, and by the anti-Spartan
the struggle of freedom against cruel tyranny.
league of Ephesus, Samos, and other cities.
;
B. C. 288-2 M.
Ml
JR.
Attic Tetradrachm;
/6\<SV7
(jr.
27mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Poseidon
r.
with wreath.
Rev.
in
fish
r.
\ BOIQTQN
and trident
in
Poseidon, nude
1.
hand
down
to hips, seated
1.
on side of throne, Boeotian shield
on throne, holding
around, circle of
;
dots.
Rhouxopoulos
Coll.
EUBOEA.
Carystus began to strike coins about the middle of the sixth century, but the issues were
The town was held by the Persians for a while, but was not
evidently few and not abundant.
After the Persian Wars its coinage became more abundant. But on being drawn
destroyed.
into the
Athenian Alliance, Carystus probably suffered,
like
other members, a suspension of
its
coinage.
Circ.
J78
Stater: 7.78
At.
back and licking sucking

Rev.
ffirsch
XXXIV,
The cow
Oche
is
23mm.
Cock standing
J79
Cow
standing
r.,
with head turned
r.
330.
K apv.
B. C.
skin,
Obv.
probably to be associated with the worship of Hera who had a temple on Alt.
whilst the cock is apparently a punning type alluding to the name ndpvffros
in the vicinity
suggesting
calf.
KA PY3TIQN
(jr.
B. C. 369-336.
V.
Trite; 3-18 gr.
13mm.
W7-UO.
Obv.
Head
of bearded
Heracles, in lion s
r.
Rev.
\ KAPY
Recumbent cow
1.
above, trident
below, club.
52
was founded by lonians, either from Athens or the Peloponnesus, at a very early
became one of the great colonizing cities of antiquity, Eretrian settlements being found
in other words,
as far west as Sicily and Italy and in large numbers on the Aegaean Islands
In return
Eretria was an enterprizing commercial state before the rise of Athens and Corinth.
for the services rendered by Athens in her war with Chalcis for the plain of Lelanthe, Eretria
Eretria
date.
It
furnished four ships to the Athenian fleet in the expedition to succor Miletus at the time of the
Ionian Kevolt in B. C. 498. In revenge Datis destroyed Eretria when he got possession of the
Eretria had been in close alliance with Athens in the time of Pisistratus, whom
place in 490.
Eretrians restored to power in B. C. 533
in B. C. 511.
and
Oirc.
it
B.
was
to Eretria
Hippias withdrew
when
expelled
C.
JRObv. Gorgon-head facing, with protruding

Stater 8.52 gr. 19 mm.
in
on
the
hair
small
formal
forehead.
tongue,
ringlets
Rev. f Incuse square, divided by diagonal bands into four triangular compart
J80
ments, in one of which, lion
head facing.
Son.
Spink
The Gorgon head
is
a symbol of Artemis Amarysia whose sanctuary was near the city.
B.
Circ.
C.
$11-490.
Obv. E
Cow standing
Euboic Tetradrachm 17.23 gr. 22.5 mm.
with head turned back scratching her nose with hind foot on her back, swallow.
J81
fo.
Rev.
r.
Cuttle-fish in
an incuse square.
Rhousopoulos
Coll.
The
was the recognized
cuttle-fish
wapdffr)fj.ov
or badge of Eretria.
Obv. 3
Cow standing
Euboic Tetradrachm 17.0 4 gr. 38 mm.
nose
with
hind
on
back
a
swallow
circle
of
dots.
foot,
around,
scratching
Rev. I Cuttle-fish in incuse square.
J82
1&.
1.
RTiousopoulos Coll.
This exceedingly rare coin is of special interest on account of its very broad flan, which con
trasts so strikingly with the usual thick lumpy coins struck at other mints at the same period.
Oirc.
J83
boea
^.
Attic Tetradrachm
B.
C.
16.35 gr.
400.
;
24.5 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
nymph Eu-
fall
of
r.
Rev. f EY
Cow standing
Consul Weber Coll.
r.
This was a federal coin issued at Eretria for the entire island following the
404 B. C.
Athens
in
."i:!
ATTICA.
Athens was confronted with diflicult social and political conditions in the latter part of the
seventh century, when the really authentic annals of the city began. The enforcement of severe
laws of debt had ruined and dispossessed the small landowners and even reduced many of them
The powerful aristocracy, realizing the dangers to the state from the miserable con
to slavery.
much
ditions of so
of the population, elected Solon First Archon in B. C. 594 with special man
One of the chief measures enacted by Solon was intended to reduce
date to revise the laws.
This was effected by making the mina, which had weighed 73 drachms, to be equivalent
100 drachms, so that the debtor by being enabled to pay with lighter drachms was the gainer
by 27% of his obligation. But this and other laws for relief did not cure the discontent and in
5(50 Pisistratus by trickery and force became tyrant at Athens.
Though expelled twice he in
debts.
to
538 regained the tyraturis and by enactment of laws favorable to the poorer classes made his posi
After the death of Pisistratus in 528 his son Ilippias continued the policy of favor
tion secure.
the
arts
and
attracting men of genius so that at the time of his fall and expulsion in 512
ing
Athens had advanced to a leading position among the cities of Hellas.

There can be little doubt that coined money was in circulation at Athens in the time of
Solon, but whether Athens then struck coins is uncertain. To Pisistratus belongs the credit of
inaugurating the great series of silver coins with the Athena-head and viol types, later known as
Owh and destined to play such an important part in the commerce of all Greece.
"
"
B. C.
Circ.
r>14-4<)().
Obv. Head of Athena, hel#*..

Euboic Tetradrachm -77.70 gr. 2$, mm.
round
in
on
with
hair
short
curls
forehead,
meted, r.,
wearing
earring.
Owl standing r., with head facing; behind spray of olive consist
Rev. / AGE
J54
ing of two leaves and berry

Son.
Spink
<f-
The
style of this piece points to the time of Ilippias.
The
large full-face eye on the profile
smile
mark its early period and archaic art. The choice of Athena for represen
head and the
tation on the Athenian coins was probably made by Pisistratus, who maintained a special cult of
"
"
that goddess.
M-^ mm Obv. Janiform female heads,

Euboic Trihemiobol 1.04 9 r
each wearing earring and each head bound with taenia.
Rev * AGE Hel meted head of Athena r. in incuse square.
J55
-^H.
<
Mathey
Coll.
is exceptional on Athenian coins, but is found on several coins of hampson

of Iloppolochus of Lampsacus married the daughter of Ilippias, it is
the
Since, now,
we
have
here
an interesting memorial of one of the last alliances Ilippias entered
that
probable
into to support his waning mastery of Athens.
The Janiform head
sacus.
After B.
C. 4!)0.
Obv. Head of Athena r., in

Euboic Tetradrachm 17.11 yr.\ 28 mm.
necklace.
and
wears
crested helmet adorned with olive wreath
earring
Rev. t AGE Owl standing r.
behind, spray of olive
J86
A.
Marathon was celebrated at Athens

many ways, including numerous dedi
olive-leaves appear on the helmet of
the
and
490
between
cations.
At about this time,
480,
Athena on an improved coinage. The olive-leaves doubtless mark a commemorative coinage.
The
victory at
in
CATALOGUE OP GREEK COINS
54
MEGARIS.
Megara was in very early times one of the more important cities of Greece but when
changed conditions deprived the place of the commercial advantages it had enjoyed because of
Paulocation on the trade-route between the Peloponnesus and Central Greece, it soon declined.
sanias saw a number of temples when he visited Megara, evidence of greater days.
;
Sixth Century.
J87
Euboic Didrachm
JR.
8.1)0 gr.
19 mm.
Obv.
Wheel
of four spokes.
Incuse square of four diagonal compartments.
Rev.
Spink $ Son.
The attribution
of this piece
is
doubtful
it
may belong
to Chalcis,
Euboea.
After B. C. 307.
J88
Rev.
^R.
Attic
19-& mm
4-15 9 r
six
with
strings.
Lyre
Drachm
MET A PEQN
>
Obv.
Head
r.
Collignon Coll.
The head on this coin closely resembles the Apollo-head on the coins of Demetrius Poliorceand the Megarians may have copied or closely imitated that monarch s coin in gratitude for
his presenting the city with its freedom, which he did in 307 13. C., when he saw that his own
fall was imminent.
tes,
AEGINA.
Some ancient
And
writers credited the
first
issue of coins to
King Pheidon,
of Argos, from a mint
writers to argue that the tradition is correct.

But it is
now generally agreed that the tradition erroneously reports the mere fact that the first European
The date of this important event cannot be ascertained, but it is
coins were struck in Aegina.
in
Aegina.
there have been
modern
much later than ]J. C. 700, the date generally accepted for the beginning of coinage
For the same process of evolution of the coin from the stamped ingot of commerce was
in Lydia.
in progress at the same time in several commercial centres.
probably not
The standard of Aegina was a Stater of 194 grains, the drachm weighing 97 grains. The
Aeginetans enjoyed a decided commercial advantage because of their location and early became
known as the hucksters of Greece. Whether because of their wide-spread commerce or because
theirs
was the
first
purely silver standard, their heavy coinage standard was adopted in numerous
countries.
Early Seventh Century.

^RObv. Sea-turtle with plain carapace.
Stater 12.22 gr. 13 x 25 mm.
J89
Rev. Incuse square divided by broad bands into compartments.
H. Chapman.
;
This piece not improbably affords a very good notion of the

just preceded the perfected coin.
form of commercial ingot that
Early Sixth Century.

J90
JR.
Stater
18.19 gr.
20.5 mm.
Obv. Sea-turtle with plain carapace.
Rev. Incuse square divided by broad bands into five compartments.
(\\TAI.OiUK
Circ.
191
Stater
>R.
12.21 gr.
OF (iKKKK ColNS
f)ft
B. C.
%1 mm.
Land-tortoise,
O/>r.
with
structure
of
shell-plates fully indicated.
Rev. Incuse square divided into eight compartments.
From
B. C.
4")(>
till
after 404
Aegina was tributary
The
driven out and the place occupied by Athenians.
Athenian dependencies.
And when
it
was resumed
for
to
Athens, the population having been
was suspended as in other

some reason the land-tortoise took the
local coinage
place of the long-used sea-turtle.
CORINTHIA.
on the isthmus connecting the Peloponnesus witli the mainland
Corinth had.
Much of the
of Greece, one of the most favorable commercial positions of all the Greek states.
Thus Corinth, along with Aegina,
trade between the Kast and West passed across the Isthmus.
Megara. Ohalcis, and Eretria became the great commercial cities before and following the Trojan
War. Corcyra and Syracuse were among the many flourishing colonies Corinth established in the
in its location
eighth and seventh centuries.

In the middle of the seventh century and following the expulsion of the dynasty of the
Bacchiades, Cypselus established a new dynasty at Corinth. This enlightened prince put new
life into Corinthian industry, especially the ceramic arts, and made the city in other ways worthy
wealth and commercial position. His son and successor Periander (B. C. (JSlJ-ASo) seems to
have followed the course of his father, and Corinth became even greater and her colonies more
numerous. But his rule was harsh and the dynasty ended in the expulsion of his nephew Psammetichus after a brief reign.
Coinage of money was probably introduced at Corinth by Cypselus. The standard was the
its
lirht Babylonic, the Stater of
130 grains being divided into three drachms of
Time of Periander, B.
192
At.
Stater: 8.36 gr.
26mm.
4.
5% grains
each.
C.
Obv.
Pegasus flying
1.,
bridled,
and
with curled wings.

Rev. Incuse square, so divided as to resemble a swastika.
With the golden bridle given him by Athena Bellerophon subdued the marvellous Pegasus,
the stroke of whose hoofs brought forth the gushing spring.
Pegasus was recognized as the badge
From the types the Staters of Corinth
or wapdffijfwv of Corinth long before the city issued coins.
were known everywhere as
"
colts
".
Circ.
193
3L.
Trihemidrachm
B. C. 338-300.
4-11 yr.
18 mm.
Oh
Bellerophon, wearing
petasus and chlamys, riding Pegasus flying 1.

Rev. \ Chimaera 1.; below, A and an amphora across the exergual
I
line.
Coll.
Mathey
One of the
exploits of Bellerophon
ster that ravaged Lycia.
was the slaying
of the Chimaera, the fire-breathing
mon
5(>
PELOPONNESUS.
PHLIASIA.
Phlius was an independent city in the northern part of Peloponnesus, mentioned by Homer
under its earlier name of Araethyrea. Its ancient aristocracy was supplanted by a democracy about
393 B. C. but restored in 379 by Agesilaus. As in the Peloponnesian War so in the Theban
War
the Phliasians were faithful to Sparta.
B. 0.430-370.
JR.
Euboic Tetrobol 5.76 gr.; 23mm.
with head lowered and pawing earth.
J94
ing
r.,
Wheel
Rev. ÎON
<}>AEIA
in incuse square, in angles of
(in exergue).
which are the
Bull stand
letters of the in
scription.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
B.
/R.
J95
C.
Aeginetic Hemidrachm
370-328.
2.70 gr.
16 mm.
Bull standing
Obv.
1.,
and
pawing the ground.

in ivy-wreath.
Rev. \
<\>
Spink $ Son.
The bull is probably
the river-god Asopus, the river on which Phlius was situated.
SICYONIA.
Sicyon, situated on the Corinthian Gulf, was one of the oldest cities of the Peloponnesus.
It was a commercial city of great wealth, but also an art centre of importance in painting and
The city could hardly have struck coins until after the Persian Wars. This tardiness
sculpture.
was probably due to the fact that its needs were amply supplied by the extensive coinage of
Corinth and of other great commercial states.
B.
f96
1.
-^R.
Aeginetic Stater
C.
400-323.
1*2.15 gr.
24.5mm.
Obv.
Chimaera walking
Ê
above, wreath.
Rev.
Dove
flying
The dove may be
1.
within laurel wreath
that of Aphrodite,
fact that doves in great
who had
numbers were found
in front,
I.
a temple near Sicyon
or
it
may
refer to the
in Sicyonia.
ELIS.
Elis
is
known
in
Greek history almost solely for
its
connection with the Olympian games, of
acquired the undisputed presidency after silencing the claims of her neighbor Pisa at a
very early period. The origin of the games celebrated in honor of Zeus whose temple was at
Olympia, not far from Pisa, was attributed to the race between Oenomaus and the stranger Pelops,
which
it
who must conquer the king of Pisa in a chariot race in order to win his daughter Hippodamia.
Whatever their origin the Olympian games grew into favor among the Greeks everywhere, and
the festival grounds at Olympia became a pan-Greek meeting-place, a religious center, too, where
the feelings engendered by quarrels and wars between cities were for the time at least laid aside.
CATALOUK OF
(IUKEK COINS
i")7
Among the numerous duties and privileges involved in the administration of the games was
that of providing a supply of money for the convenience of the thousands who assembled from
the whole of the Greek world to witness them.
And the silver coins Klis struck for these quad
rennial occasions rank
among the most beautiful and interesting of the coins of Greece proper.
and
the
of Olympian Zeus, to whom the land of Elis was sacred and in
thunderbolt
eagle
whose honor the games were held, form the most common types of the series. But Nike also
occurs frequently in the types and in numerous attitudes of proffering the victor s crown, thus
making a more direct allusion to the games, so that these coins became interesting mementos of
their attendance at the games to the Greeks who had come from Ionia, Sicily, or other distant
outposts of the Greek world.
The
Circ.
197
At.
Aeginetic Stater
a rock, himation on
1.
/ F[AA]
Eagle flying
Sir If. Weber Coll.
At.
1141
leg, sceptre across
Rev.
198
B. C. 471-421.
Aeginetic Stater
1.
<jr.
1.
21 x
31.~>
mm.
Obi
Zeus seated
shoulder, an eagle perched on
with serpent
ILtfi gr.
in
25 mm.
1.
on
hand.
r.
beak and claws, in incuse square.

Obc. Eagle flying
r.
with hare
in claws.
F[A] Nike, in long chiton, seated

rests, a wreath in r.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
Rev.
1.
on a scippus, on which her
1.
hand
J99
At.
Aeginetic Stater
11.83
</r.
20 mm.
Obr.
Eagle flying
r.
with hare
in claws.
Rev. | [F]A
Nike, in long chiton, running
hand, peplos on 1. arm in front, eva (retrograde)
Sir H. Weber Coll.
;
200
with serpent
Rev.
Aeginetic Stater 12.08 gr.

carries in beak and claws.
At.
it
Winged thunderbolt
cuse square.
Sir H. Weber
in
1.,
carrying the victor
wreath in
r.
2 + mm.
Obv. Eagle flying
square of dotted lines;
1.,
struggling
the whole in in
Coll.
These types are closely associated with the games. The eagle of Zeus with prey
serpent,
was a good omen. When Zeus would assure the Greeks before Troy of his pro
hare, or fawn
So
tection he sent his eagle with a fawn in its claws, and the Greeks understood and took heart.
on the coins of Elis the eagle is an omen of victory to whomsoever Zeus favored. On two of the
above pieces we have the charming figure of Nike as a complementary type, offering the prize to
the victor.
No. 199
is
B. C. 412-400.
went
signed by the
If the
same
artist,
perhaps Euthymus, a name found on coins of Syracuse about

both coins it is probable that he worked at Elis before he
artist signs
to Syracuse, as the coins
he made at the latter place are of later
style.
mm. Obv. F
Head of nymph
A
Aeginetic Stater lUMgr.; 2^.5
of
four
and
in
with
hair
pearls suspended from calyx.
earring
sphendone,
Olynipia r.,
head
and
turned back, in olive wreath.
with
closed
Rev. -^ Eagle standing 1.,
wings
201
At.
Philipsen Coll.
It has been suggested that the people of
Elis
meant
to assert
more strongly,
reason perhaps, their right to the presidency of the games, hence the head of the
on their coins.
for
some
special
nymph Olympia
5H
B.
202
C.
400-365.
Aeginetic Stater; 11.9^gr.\ 24 mm.
1&.
Obv.
Head
FAAEIQN
of
Hera
wearing high Stephanos bearing the inscription, necklace, and earring composed of
three pendants and four pearls.
Rev. f Eagle standing 1. on shield, with wings open, the head turned back, in
r.,
olive wreath.
Merzbacher
Coll.
^.
Obv. F
Head of Hera r.,
A
and
of
with
floral
five
adorned
ornament,
earring
pearls attached to
wearing Stephanos
a calyx
above, H[PA].
Rev. \ Eagle standing 1., with head turned back, in olive wreath.
203
Hirsch.
The head
of
Hera on these two coins probably shows some influence
of the colossal statue
The high Stephanos is differently and appropriately

of the goddess Polyclitus made for Argos.
adorned on the coins. In other respects the type is doubtless quite different from the statue, still
it is probable that the engraver was in a measure influenced by the work of the greater artist.
B.
204
-#<-.
Rev.
\
Hirsch.
C. 365-323.
Obv. Head of Zeus laureate, r.

Aeginetic Stater 11.98gr.\ 2^.5 mm.
A Eagle perched on ram s head r., with closed wings in field, A
F
P.
;
Obv. Head of Zeus, laureate, r.

Aeginetic Stater 11.76 yr. 21 mm.
closed
with
\ F A Eagle standing r.,
wing, the tail of a serpent caught
H be
claw; the serpent rises before eagle threateningly; in field, 1., thunderbolt
205
^R.
Rev.
in
1.
tween eagle and serpent.
8pink $
206
JR.
Rev.
+*^
Son.
Obv. Head of Zeus, laureate, r.
Aeginetic Stater 12.11gr.\ 25.5mm.
F
A
Eagle standing r., with closed wings in field, 1., thunderbolt r.,
;
wreath and APIBenson Coll.

In this period the fine head of Olympian Zeus and the still finer head of Hera appear on the
But contrary to what one might reasonably expect the engraver of the coin made
coins of Elis.
no use of the famous chryselephantine statue by Phidias in the temple at Olympia. The concep
tion
seems new and plainly influenced
later engravers.
off the coast of Elis, was a part of the ancient kingdom of Ulysses, whose
the neighboring island of Ithaca.
Owing to its position near the entrance to the
Gulf of Corinth the islanders acquired great wealth from commerce. In the eighth century the
Zacynthus, not far
home was on
Zacynthians established a number of colonies, best known of which was Croton in

Circ.
r.,
207 fit. Aeginetic Stater

with long hair falling 011 neck.
Rev.
/ AIQ NO^
Hirsch.
B.
11.12
Graecia.
370-350.
C.
gr.
Magna
25 mm.
Obv.
Head
Lebes-tripod with three rings; between the feet, I A.
.>
.i
Probably struck by Dion, who having been banished from Syracuse by Dionysius made
Zacvnthus the rendezvous of the forces he was collecting in Greece for an expedition against that
incapable tyrant. The coins were struck with Dion named as magistrate to defray the expenses
of the enterprize.
The cult of Apollo
was supreme
at
Zacynthus as at the colony of Oroton.
MESSENIA.
cities whose origin was not shrouded in myth and pre
the defeat and death of the Spartan king Cleombrotos at the hands
Messene was one of the few ancient
When
historic uncertainty.
Epaminondas occurred in H. C. 579 at Leuctra the hegemony of Greece passed to Thebes.

Messenia was freed from Sparta after three centuries. To secure a strong ally on the very border
of Sparta, Kpaminondas appealed to Messenians everywhere to return to the land of their ances
tors, built and fortified the town of Messene at the foot of Mt. Ithome in less than three months,
and with magnificent pomp the repatriated Messenians entered the new walls.
of
^.
208
crowned with
fiev.
Attic Tetradrachm
16.7!)
<jr.
27 mm.
Obi
Head
of
Demeter
r.,
cereal leaves.
ME33ANIQN
perched on r. hand
Sir H. Weber Coll
;
in field,
Zeus Ithomatas striding r., striking with thunderbolt, eagle

to r., tripod and above, 212.
1., NI in wreath
;
Demeter and Zeus had temples on Mt. Ithome. The head of Zeus may reflect something of
made for the Messenians living at Xaupactus by Ageladas of Argos, the reputed teacher
the statue
of Phidias.
LACONIA.
Lacedaemon, the capital of Laconia, had the usual exalted origin boasted of by most Greek
cities, having been built by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus, who also discreetly named the city in honor
When a divided kingship had brought the state into trouble it fell to Lycurof his wife Sparta.
gus, in the early part of the ninth century, to rewrite the laws and reorganize the government.
From that time till the battle of Leuctra Sparta was a power in Hellas. In the arts of civilization
the country was backward, and gave very few
and
names
of importance to the lists of Greek artists
literateurs.
There is doubtless some truth in the story that iron was employed for monetary purposes at
an early period and was mentioned in the legislation of Lycurgus but no iron coins, rather iron
money, have come down to us, unless the iron obeliskoi. small iron rods, found in the excavations
of the Ileraeum at Argos are examples.
Sparta struck no coins until after the time of Alexander.
;
Kiwi
;..
209
demed,
1.
Areit*, H. C. 310-266.
Attic Tetradrachm:
around,
1637
gr.
20mm.
Obr.
Head
of
Areus, dia
circle of dots.
Archaic statue of Amyclaean Apollo standing to front, with head

turned r., wearing helmet, spear in r. and bow in 1. hand in field, 1., wreath to r.,
goat around, circle of dots.
Rev.
A A
60
This piece probably
is
earlier
than B. C. 306, else Areus would most certainly have used the
title /3acri\evs.
The archaic statue or agalma of Apollo, represented on the reverse, corresponds rather accu
rately to the one described by Pausanias as seen at Amyclae, some thirty miles from Lacedaemon,
where there was a shrine of that god. It was a mere wooden trunk with a helmet on his head, a
"
spear and bow
in his
hands
".
B. C. 266-207.
210
^.
Rhodian
in crested Corinthian
Tetradrachm
helmet
14-.72 gr.\
28mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Athena
r.,
border of dots.
Heracles seated 1. on a rock, over which lion s skin

Rev. f A A
r. hand, the 1.
border of dots.
club
with
resting on the rock
ing
Sir H. Weber Coll
is
thrown, hold
ARGOLIS.
Argos belonged to the ancient kingdom of Agamemnon. After the Dorian invasion Argos
became the center of a confederation of several cities under the protection of the Pythian Apollo
whose shrine was on the citadel of Argos. Tradition credits the introduction of coinage into
Europe to Phidon, king of Argos, in the last years of the eighth century. But he issued his first
coins from Aegina, which was also under his scepter, and not from Argos, because the former
was commercially important, while the latter was not.
Politically Argos declined in the face of the steady rise of Sparta, but long retained consid
In the sixth century Argos became one of the great
erable importance in alliance with Athens.
art centers of Greece, the school of sculpture identified with it long exercising a great influence
on the development of that art.
Oirc.
B.
C. 4-21-322.
Obv. Head of Hera r., wearing

adorned
with
floral
and
ornament
high Stephanos
earring, the hair in waves on forehead.
Rev. \ APFEION
Two dolphins swimming in opposite directions; between
2JJ
^K~
them, bucranium with fillets.

Sir H. Weber Coll.
The
head of Hera on
fine
great statue of the Argive
this coin not unlikely preserves
Hera executed by
some
of the high quality of the
Polyclitus and described by Pausanias.
Epidaurus was one of the Greek cities that lost ground in the changed conditions following
Situated on the Saronic Gulf opposite Aegina it had in early times been a
the Persian Wars.
wealthy commercial city and the mother of several colonies.
Later
its
greatest claim to consider
famous temple of Asklepios that stood on the supposed birthplace of the god
a few- miles out of the city. The cures of the physician-priests were sought by the afflicted from
many countries, and the shrine acquired vast wealth. Gradually its treasures were stolen and
The
finally Sulla appropriated the bulk of what remained to defray the expenses of his army.
temple, however, was in good state of preservation when visited by Pausanias.
ation rested on
its
CATALOGUE OF GRKRK COINS
61
H. C. 350-323.
Drachm
^0 mm.
Obv. Head of Apollo, laureate,

Rev. / E
Asklepios seated 1., holding sceptre with 1. hand, his r. extended, to
which rises a serpent; beneath throne, dog; on side of throne, BIK.
2*2
r.
<-K.
Aeginetic
./.77
(jr.
ARCADIA.
Pheneus was situated in the northern part of Arcadia near the foot of Mount Cyllene.
was a very ancient town, mentioned by Homer, and apparently of considerable si/e and wealth
later times, but not much is known of the place.
Circ. H. C.
2J3
<K.
crowned with
Aeginetic
Drachm
cereal leaves,
36V and
5.53 gr.
It
in
later.
2V mm.
wearing earring composed
Head
Obv.
of
Demeter
1.,
of three pendants attached to a
calyx.
Rev.
4>ENEQN
Hermes seated
hand, the 1. resting on rock

Sir If. Weber Coll.
ceus in
r.
^R.
2J4
on a rock, his chlamys thrown back, cadubefore, enpi and recumbent rain.
1.
Aeginetic Stater; 12.1$ yr.\
M>
mm.
Head
Obv.
of
Demeter
r.,
crowned with
grain-leaves, wearing necklace and earring composed of rive pendants at

tached to a crescent swung from a disc set with four pearls.
Rev.
ceus in
r.
4>ENEQN
Hermes walking
and carrying child Arkas
in
wearing petasos and chlamys, with cadu-
L,
1.
Billoin Sale, 1886.
There was a temple of Demeter at Pheneus, and Pausanias states that Hermes was speciallyworshipped there, facts that account for figures on these two coins. The reverse type of the
latter relates to the rescue of Kallisto s child Arkas, son of Zeus, which he is carrying to the
nymph Maia to be reared.
CRETE.
Cnossus, situated in the northern part of the island, is in process of being revealed as the
seat of an earlier civilization than had hitherto been credited to the northern part of the Mediter
The culture long designated Mycenaean was derived from Crete, and Cnossns was
the principal center.
It was the legendary capital of king Minos, the lawgiver of Crete ; and
there was the storied labyrinth Minos had the first artificer Daedalus build in which to confine the
monstrous offspring of Pasiphae s illicit love, the Minotaur. Although the cradle of a very ancient
ranean Sea.
civilization, yet Crete issued
no coins
until after the time of the Persian
B.
C.
Wars.
500-400.
Obv. The Minotaur, with head

of a bull and body of a man, running L, a stone in each hand
215
-#*..
62
Rev. Labyrinth in cruciform with maeander pattern, star in center and deep in
cuse at each corner.
Sir H. Weber
Coll.
That moment of the Minotaur myth is here presented when the Athenian hero Theseus,
with aid of the clew furnished him by the princess Ariadne, enters the Labyrinth to slay the
monster and free Athens from the tribute of youths and maidens annually furnished to feed him.
The Minotaur meets Theseus armed with rocks. The representation of the Minotaur points to
the influence of Egyptian art.
Oirc.
B. C. 350-200.
Obv. Head of Hera L, wear

Aeginetic Stater 11.13 gr. 25.5 mm.
with
floral
and
necklace.
ornament, earring,
ing high Stephanos
216
HL.
Rev.
\ KNQÎQN
Square labyrinth
spear-head
r.,
thunderbolt, and above,
Coll.
Oirc.
217
;
L,

Philipsen
r.
Attic Tetradrachm
^R.
B.
G. 200-67.
16.80gr.-,
30mm.
Obv.
Head
of Zeus, diademed,
beneath, A.
Rev.
KN
Q3
QN
Square labyrinth.
Sir H. Weber Coll.

Crete was the birthplace of Zeus and at Cnossus there was an annual festival to celebrate
the marriage of Zeus and Hera hence the types of these coins.
;
Cydonia in the northwestern part of Crete was one of the most powerful cities of the island.
by ancient writers to Kydon and to Samians expelled by Polycrates.
The city withstood the attack of Cnossus and Gortyna when they had reduced almost all
Its foundation is variously credited
the rest of the island.
B.
C. 200-67.
Obv. Head of Diktynna

2J8 1&. Attic Tetradrachm 13.93 gr. 29.5 mm.
with bow and quiver on shoulder in field, IIASIUN on border, circle of dots.
;
Rev.
r.,
/ KYAQNIATAN
long torch in
1.
hand
Diktynna standing to front, in hunting costume, holding

on left, hound seated r. and looking up at nymph on border,
;
olive-wreath.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
The legend
of Britomartis, daughter of Zeus and Charme and called Diktynna after she had
leaped into the sea to escape the pursuit of king Minos and was rescued in the fishing-nets (SI KTUO),
associated the nymph with Artemis and finally assimilated her with the huntress.
So on the coins
of Cydonia Diktynna appears in the usual guise of Artemis.
Eleuthernae was an important city situated in the interior of the island, on the northwestern
slope of Mt. Ida, where fable established the birthplace of Zeus.
Very little is recorded of the
the
ancient
but
the
seems
to
have
been
city by
writers,
place
prosperous and of considerable im
portance.
Giro.
219
r.
<*..
around,
Aeginetic Stater
circle of dots.
B.
10.80
C.
gr.-,
431-300.
27.5mm.
Obv.
Head
of Zeus, laureate,
CATALOGUK OF GKKBK COINS
\ EAEY0EP
Rev.
bow
in
;:;
Apollo, naked, standing to front, with rock in
r.
hand and
1.
The
was second only to that of Zeus in Crete. Game was abundant in the
hunting was a favorite pastime. It is Apollo as the patron of hunters this coin-type
cult of Apollo
island and
presents.
Gortyna, situated in the south central part of Crete, was a rival of Cnossus in wealth and
power. It was a prosperous place in the time of Homer, who mentions its mighty walls YbprwA.
Tt Tfixifxffffav.
Gortyna and Cnossus at one time shared the dominion of practically the whole
:
island, but subsequently they
became
hostile
Circ.
JR-
220
waist, seated
Rev.
in a tree, her
Bull standing
r.
r.
B.
C.
400-^00.
&7 mm.
Obv.
yr.
hand resting on a bough, with
Aeginetic Stater
r.
toward each other.
1S>7
Kuropa, nude
1.
down
to
raising corner of peplos.
with head turned back.
The abduction
of Europa, the Phoenician princess, by Zeus in form of a bull was for over a
the
chief
century
subject of Gortynian coin-types. The abandoned maid, seated in a plane-tree,
in numerous variations of pose, and the tauriform Zeus are the subjects of these types.
Very
unusual on Greek coins is the realism found here.

which Apollo is resting, on the following piece.
B.
Rev.
r.
Attic
hand resting upon
seen in the pile of rocks on
knee, his
Head
Ol>v.
r.
is
C. 200-67.
Drachm fj-Jfi gr. 21mm.

/ fOPTYNIQN
Apollo, naked, seated
/R.
22J
skin, his
similar touch
of Zeus, diademed,
r.
on a rock, over which is thrown a

holding bow resting on rock around, cir
1.
1.
cle of dots.
Collignon Coll.
Itanus was probably located near the promontory of the same name. Little is known of the
which seems to have originated as a Phoenician factory town. And such an origin is sug
gested by the type of these coins, the monster on the obverse suggesting a Syrian divinity.
place,
B. C. 4W-350.
222
swimming
vK.
Aeginetic Stater
striking
r.,
2G mm.
!
70.<SV7
downwards with
//r.
trident held in
Obr. Triton, half-man, half-fish,

r.
hand
in
1.,
net-cable.
Rev. Large eight-pointed star, with wreath on border.

Sir H. Weber Coll.
223
-*..
swimming
Rev.
Sir H.
r.,
Aeginetic Stater
striking
ITA
Weber
/OJM yr.
downwards with
Two
26 mm.
Obv. Triton, half-man, half-lish,
trident, conch-shell in
1.
hand.
sea-monsters face to face in a square of dots.
Coll.
The myth of Triton, son of Neptune and Amphitrite, or of Glaucos, whichever is meant by
the type of these rare coins, was naturally connected with the sea, and on the coins of Itanus ap
parently relates to the city s foundation by the sea-faring Phoenicians.
Phaestus, situated about five miles from the coast, was one of the very ancient of Cretan
towns. King Minos is mentioned as its legendary founder but also Phaestus, son of Heracles,
;
64
whom
Phaestus is mentioned by Homer in the

was the birthplace of the marvelous Epimenides, the story of whose fiftyyear sleep and awakening may have been the remote original of Irving s Rip Van Winkle tale.
from
the town was said to have been named.
Catalogue of Ships.
It
B.
224
Hydra,
O.
430-300.
25 mm.
Obv. Heracles attacking the
of
head
the
monster
with 1. and swinging
1. arm,
a
seizing
#*.
his lion s skin across
club with
r.
Rev. \
4>AI3TIQN.
Bull standing
r.
Polyrrhenium was situated on the northwest coast and its territory included all the western
The town had long been a subject ally of Cnossus, but during the civil wars
Strabo mentions a tem
in Crete, in latter part of the third century, it took sides against Cnossus.
ple of Dictynna, the Cretan Artemis.
coast of the island.
B.
225
#*..
NIQN
11. GO gr.
Bull
above, XAPiseENHS, magistrate

Consul Weber Coll.
330-280.
26.5mm. Obv. Head of Zeus, laureate, r.

head facing, with fillets hanging from the horns;
name on border, circle of dots.
Aeginetic Stater
TOAYPH
Rev.
0.
Praesus was situated in the eastern part of Crete, its territory extending across from sea to
In the territory of Praesus stood Mt. Dicte and the famous temple of Zeus Dictaeus. For
was on Mt. Dicte that legend had Zeus rest from all his labors both on earth and in the realm
sea.
it
Little has
of the gods.
come down
to us of the
Circ.
B.
commercial and
C.
political
importance of Praesus.
450-400.
Obv. Bowman kneeling r. on 1.

226 ^R. Aeginetic Stater 11.15 gr. 25 mm.
knee, shooting; his chlamys thrown across 1. arm and flying behind.
Rev. \ (No inscription).
Eagle flying L, in linear square the whole in incuse
;
square.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
CYCLADES.
Carthaea, situated on the southeastern coast of the island, was one of the three cities
island was fertile and besides had silver mines of some value as a source of wealth.
Ceos.
of Ceos.
The
The
island
best claim to fame
is
as the birthplace of the poets Simonides
and Bacchylides.
Sixth Century.
227
^R-.
Aeginetic Stater
12.35gr.\
20mm.
Obv.
Amphora and
beside
it,
dolphin.
Rev. Incuse square, divided into four triangular compartments.
Melos, perhaps best known in modern times from the famous statue of Aphrodite found
After the Dorian invasion Lacedaemonians settled on
there, was first colonized by Phoenicians.
the island and the population was Hellenized in a manner. Yet certain Phoenician elements en-
CATALOGUE OK GREKK COINS
05
Thus the coinage standard became Phoenician, whilst the rest of the
Cyclades employed the Aeginetic standard. Also the Phoenician forms of the letters M (M/) and
(lured for a long period.
(C)
were preserved.
Sixth Century.
Phoenician Stater
vK.
228
13.75
(jr.
23.5 mm.
Obi:
Pomegranate with
leaves.
Rev.
/WAAICN (Ma\tW)
Crescent; border of dots.
Hirsch.
The pomegranate
/x^Xov,
Doric âXov,
name
a lype parlant relating to the
is
of the island.
Naxos was the gem of the Cyclades, but civil discord in early times hampered its prosperity.
ancient oligarchic government was overthrown and succeeded by a tyranny headed by Lvgdamis. After Lygdamis had been twice expelled and each time restored with the aid of Pisistratus
The
of Athens, the nobles appealed to the Persians.

The fleet of the latter invaded the island, when
on its way to Greece in B. C. 4 JO, and destroyed the city of Naxos. Hut after the defeat at Mar
athon the Athenians obtained control of Naxos and held the place until the close of the Pelopon-
nesian War.
Xaxos. was famous in antiquity for its wines and

very early art centers of the Greeks, especially of sculpture.
B.
marbles.
It
was one
of the
600-4M).
Aeginetic Stater 11.98gr.; 21.5 mm.

hanging from handles above, ivy-leaf.
^R.
229
of grapes
C.
its
Obi: Cantharus, with clusters
Rev. Quadripartite incuse square.
H. Chapman.
The type of the Dionysiac cantharus with
its
clusters of grapes
and the ivy
relate to the cult
of the wine-god.
lies west of Naxos, from which it is separated only by a channel.
The island was first
by Cretans and Achaeans. The Parians refused to assist the Greeks at Salamis, being of
fended at Athens because, following Marathon, Miltiades had besieged them for three weeks in
an effort to subjugate them. Themistocles imposed a heavy fine upon them and they were forced
into the Delian League.
The marble of Paros was famous, specially pleasing to the gods, says
Plato in the Laws.
It was there the famous Parian Chronicle was found, embracing events of
Athenian history for thirteen centuries. Paros was the birthplace of the poet Archilochus.
Paros
settled
&.
230
r.,
Rhodian Tetradrachm
crowned with
Rei:
r.,
1^.92
<jr.
27 mm.
Obi:
Head
of
Dionysus
ivy.
PAPIQN
chiton, her peplos

field,
Demeter, crowned with cereal leaves, seated 1. on cista, in long

round her legs in r. hand, two ears of corn in 1., her sceptre in
;
SIAHNOS.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
myth
Seriphus was a rocky island of little importance except for being the scene of a part of the
of Perseus and Danae.
The Seriphians seem to have been the subject of many a Greek
joke.
Sixth Century.
23 J
<-K.
Aeginetic Stater
12.26
(jr.
18
mm.
Obv. Frog.
66
Rev. Incuse square, divided into triangular compartments.
H. Chapman.
There was a legend that the frogs of Seriphus were mute until transported elsewhere, hence
the proverb Bdrpaxos tic Zepôu, said of a dull and silent person who on occasion became loquacious.
But the frog was sacred to Apollo, hence the type of this rare early coin.
Ther$ was first colonized by Phoenicians, later by Dorians from Lacedaemon following the
Dorian invasion. The latter were led by Theras who gave his own name to the island. Com
pelled by volcanic disturbances to seek a home on a better soil some of the people emigrated and
founded Gyrene. The island is now called Santorin, and is interesting to numismatists for the
discovery there in 1821 of a hoard of 760 Greek coins of the seventh and sixth centuries.
/Sixth
232
#*-.
Aeginetic Stater
Century.
12.2^ gr.
20 mm.
Obv.
Two dolphins swimming in
opposite directions.
Rev. Incuse square, divided by bands into eight triangular compartments.
The
attribution of this coin
in the Santorin find
is
not certain.
It
may belong
and dolphin-types are found among the
to
Argos, but similar pieces were
later inscribed coins of Thera.
ASIA.
PONTUS.
Mithradates
VI, Eupator, the Great, B. C. 12
Within a few years after his accession this virile warrior and gifted king had extended the
comparatively small kingdom he had inherited into a vast empire. The Colchians, Cappadocia,
Paphlagonia, Armenia, Bithynia, were in one way or another brought under his scepter. In his
long struggle with Rome he inflicted repeated defeats upon the armies of that great power till
finally his armies, a mere shadow of their former greatness, were in B. C. (i(i defeated by Pompey.
During that long struggle with Rome Mithradates had won the sympathies of all the peoples of
Asia Minor, an attitude manifested in B. C. 88 when all Roman citizens were expelled from that
region and from the neighboring islands by his orders and over 80,000 were massacred by the in
habitants before they could get away.
Cicero probably states the Roman opinion when he calls Mithradates the greatest king since
Alexander the Great and the greatest general with whom Romans had ever dealt. Yet, later,
been deprived of
after having
his army through the treachery

Romans.
cide to escape capture by the
&.
233
Attic Tetradrachm
1C>JH)<jr.\
ing, the
foreleg raised
r.
monogram,
^<
234
JR.
Rev.
in field,
1.,
star
own
son, he committed sui
Head
Obv.
EYTTATOPOS
of Mithradates,
Pegasus standing
and crescent;
beneath inscription, H (== VIII month)
Coll.
Ha</en
32J mm.
with short beard, diademed, r.

Rev. f BA5IAEQS
MI0PAAATOY
of his
to
H3 (=year
r.,
1.
drink
2()ti~),
and
on border, ivy-wreath.
Cf. Waddington, II, 6.
Attic Tetradrachm
16.63 gr.
Similar to preceding, but
in
32 mm.
inscription
dated
0$
(= 2()i)) mono
;
gram, XWaddington, II, 9.

235 ^R. Attic Tetradrachm
Rev.
HiStl yr.
Similar to preceding, but undated
3% mm,

of Arch)(, monogram
behind Pegasus
elaus (?).
Paris, 1910.
This undated coin may have been struck at Athens in B. C. 88 when the Athenians had
to Mithradates for help against the Romans.
Archelaus was in command of the king s
forces in Greece and took possession of Athens.
appealed
236
Rev.
1.,
star
&.
\
Attic Tetradrachm
and crescent, and f
(= X month).
Lambros
IfUiJ yr.
32 mm.
Inscription as on No. 233, but with 0; stag standing
Coll.
to
r.,
[~K$
(=
year %23~) and
ffK
in field,
1., grazing;
beneath inscription,
I
68
^.
Olv. Similar to preceding.

16.75 gr. 33 mm.
/ Similar to No. 233, but dated AK^ (= year 224~}, and beneath inscrip
237
Rev.
tion,
Attic Tetradrachm
(XI month ).
Sutler
Coll.
Nos. 233 and 234 are dated in the Bithynian era which began in B. C. 297, so that the coins
were struck in B. C. 89 and 88 respectively, while Nos. 23(5 and 237were struck in B.C. 74 and 73.
The portrait on the earlier pieces is without doubt a very faithful likeness of the king. It is
strong and virile, whilst that on the latter betrays some flattery at the hands of the artist.
The Pegasus on the reverse of the earlier coins relates to Perseus, the Greek counterpart of
the Persian Mithras, from whom, through the royal Persian house, Mithradates claimed descent.
The star (or sun) and crescent are symbols of the same descent. On the later coins the Pegasus
has given way to a stag, alluding, perhaps, to the king
Pergamene Era, B.
At
fondness for the chase.
C. 89-
the height of his power Mithradates seems to have issued coins dated in a
from the mint
238
at
Attic Tetradrachm
-#*-.
diademed,
new
era
and
Pergamum.
;
16.35 gr.
35 mm.
Head
Olv.
of Mithradates,
r.
Rev. } BA3IAEQ3
MIT0PAAATOY| EYTTATOPOY
r.
in
field, 1., star and crescent; to
ing, the
foreleg raised;
Butler Coll.
Pegasus standing
B
r.,
(=
1.,
drink
year ^), and [AJK.
PAPHLAGONIA.
Amastris, situate on a small peninsula in the Euxine, was founded by a princess of the royal
Persian House named Amastris. She had become the wife of Dionysius, tyrant of Heracleia, after
the death of Alexander the Great, and still later the wife of Lysimachus. The younger Pliny
found the
civitas eleyans et ornata, Ep.

city charming in his days
there forming the subject of one of his pestiferous letters to Trajan.
B.
300-
C.
a bit of public works
X, 90
Obv. Head of Mithras r., in Phry

Persic Stater 9.65 gr. 23 mm.
bound
with
laurel-wreath and ornamented with star on border, circle of
gian helmet
239
^R.
dots.
-Rev.
AMA^TPIEQN
veil, calathos, peplos,
sceptre
in front,
ffirsch
XXV,
The head
bud
The Tyche
and chiton
;
in
r.
beneath throne,
of
on a throne, wearing
bestowing crown upon her in 1.,
Amastris seated
hand, Nike
r.
1.
A-
1663.
of Mithras relates, of course, to the Royal
House
of Persia, whilst the reverse type
does honor to the foundress in an indirect way.

Sinope had a purely commercial origin, for Milesians built the place in connection with their
But there was the usual legend of a divine or heroic foundation myth cred
trade to the Euxine.
daughter of Asopus, whom Apollo carried off from Boeotia to the coast of
After the fall of Persia the city became the capital of the Pontic kings and, favored by
Mithradates VI because it was his birthplace, Sinope became eventually a large and prosperous city.
iting
it
to Sinope,
Euxine.
CATALOGUE OP GRREK COINS

Circ.
240
r.,
/R.
Attic Tetradrachm
B. C. 220-180.
16.07 gr.
r,;i
20 mm.
Ol>.
Head
wearing turret-crown, earring, and necklace with pendants.

Her. | 3INQTTEQN
Apollo, nude, sealed r. on an omphalos,
and plectrum
in
r.
hand
in field,
A
|
of
nymph Sinope
holding lyre in
1.
(reading downward}.
BITHYNIA.
Calchedon, situate on the Bosporus nearly opposite Byzantium, was a Megarian colony. The
Persian satrap Megabyzus is said to have called it the City of the Blind because
they had not seen
that the site of Byzantium, founded later, was superior to the one they had selected.
The
city
was under the hegemony of Athens after Cimon had driven the Persians from Thrace and so
mained till B. C. 413, thereafter being under domination of, or against, Sparta, according to
re
cir
cumstances.
The modern form

also found
of the
name
is
Chalcedon, but ancient writers
spell
it
Calchedon, the form
on the coins.
B.
C.
400-300.
24J
Obv. KAAX
Persic Stater 15.07 gr. ^. mm.
Hull standing
head of barley.
Rev. Incuse square of four compartments with granulated surfaces.
H. Chapman.
^K-.
1.
on
The
coin-types of Calchedon and Byzantium in this period are very similar, the Byzantian
on a dolphin instead of a barley-head. Apparently there was a monetary agreement
between the two cities.
bull standing
Kings of Bithynia.
Prusia*
/,
B.
238-183.
C.
Bithynia reached the zenith of its greatness under this able monarch and his son Prusias II.
Polybius relates with evident admiration the former s campaigns against the Gaulish invaders,
whom he cleared out of Troas and away from the cities along the Hellespont (Jfist. J r ///). Ac
,
cording to Strabo Hannibal took refuge with Prusias

ing his surrender from Antiochus III.
sias,
Attic Tetradrachm
^R.
242
diademed,
MUM gr.
I,
probably
32 mm.
when
the
Obv.
Bearded head of Pru
Romans were demand
r.
Xeus, with himation thrown back across 1.

shoulder, standing to front, crowning the name of the king, his sceptre held in 1. hand
Rev.
BA3IAEQ3
TTPOYÎOY
in field,
1.,
thunderbolt, [^, and
f\ff.
H. Chapman.
Wdddington, PI. XXIX, 10.
The type of Zeus crowning the royal name probably
of
which the king was very proud.
relates to the victory over the Gauls,
70
Prusias II, B.
Attic Tetradrachm
^R.
243
king, diademed,
bolt,
O.
16.90 gr.
183-149.
36 mm.
and
ff=.
Bearded head
of the
r.
Inscription and type similar to preceding
Rev.
Obv.
SebastopouloB Coll.
Waddington, 29,
XXIX,
in field, L, eagle
on thunder
14.
MYSIA.
on the south coast of the Propontis, was colonized by Megarians in the eighth
an addition of Milesians early in the seventh century. The city was sub
and
received
century,
ject to Lydia till the fall of Croesus in B. C. 546, to Persia till B. C. 478, and was a part of the
Athenian empire till B. C. 405. Throughout its history, regardless of overlord, Cyzicus seems
to have been a sort of commercial mint, striking coins in that alloy which is known as electrum
from its amber color. Gold brought from the Altai or Ural mountains was evidently deposited at
Cyzicus for coinage in Cyzicene Staters or Cyzicenes, as they were generally known. While the
Athenians held the Pangaean district in Thrace they sent the gold from their mines to Cyzicus,
as Athens did not wish to strike gold and thus interfere with the wide circulation of her silver.
At an early period Cyzicene Staters attained a wide use in commerce and along with the
Cyzicus, situate
Persian pure gold Daric, first coined soon after the taking of Sardeis in B. C. 546, they made up
the world s gold currency till both were superseded by the gold of Philip of Macedon.
They are
mentioned among the reserve funds of Athens repeatedly they frequently are listed among the
;
When an agent of the Thirty went to the house of Lysias to secure

possessions of individuals.
the talent of silver the orator and shield manufacturer had offered as a bribe to spare his life he
also took 400 Cyzicenes
and 100 Darics.

Oirc.
244
Phoenician Hecte
El.
500-450.
2.81 gr.
1*2
mm.
pointed beard, the hair of dotted lines falling on neck

Rev. Incuse square, of
mill-sail
pattern.
Obv.
;
Head
of Triton
L,
with
L,
with
beneath, tunny-fish.
"
"
Hirsch.
245
Phoenician Hecte
El.
2.69 gr.
13 mm.
Obv.
head turned back, wearing Stephanos, holding tunny-fish in

chiton with 1.
Sir
II.
246
Weber
El.
running
hand, raising edge of
pattern.
15.87 gr.
18 mm.
Obv.
Youthful male head
L,
Obv.
Head
r.,

Sir H. Weber Coll.
247
r.
Coll.
Phoenician Stater
El.
with short hair
"mill-sail"
Nike
"
"
mill-sail
Phoenician Stater
pattern.
16.17 gr.
23 mm.
tunny-fish.

Sebastopoulos Coll.
"
"
mill-sail
pattern.
of lioness
1.
to
CATALOGUE OK GRKKK COINS

Phoenician Stater
248
tack; beneath, tunny-fish.

Rev. Incuse square,
16.20 gr.
20 mm.
Obv.
71
Dog
standing
1.,
ready to at
"
mill-sail
"
pattern.
Selxistopoulos Coll.
B.
Circ.
249
ing on
r.
C.
450-400.
Obv. Bearded satyr r., kneel

Phoenician Stater 16.87 gr. 18mm.
knee and drawing wine from an amphora into a cantharus beneath, tunnyEl.
fish.
Rev. Incuse square,

Sir H. Weber Coll
250
"
"
mill-sail
Phoenician Stater
El.
neath, tunny- fish.

Rev. Incuse square,
Sir H. Weber Coll
pattern.
16.03 gr.
mill-sail
Obv.
Bull
walking
Two
eagles
1.
be
pattern.
Phoenician Stater
facing each other, on netted omphalos
lo.t>7
Rev. Incuse square,

Sir H. Weber Coll.
20 mm.
"
"
El.
251
gr.
23 mm.
Obv.
perched,
"
"
mill-sail
pattern.
At first the tunny-fish constituted the type of the coins of Cy/icus, later it became merely a
symbol or mint-mark. The types of these fifth century and later coins, which are in great variety,
have been explained as either magistrates symbols or the badges of cities for which the Cyzicus
mint struck coins. These Staters retained till the last their thick, lumpy fabric, the form in which
they were best known and least apt to arouse suspicion of genuineness, but the types are often
done in the finest artistic style.
B. C. 330-280.
Rhodian Tetradrachm
^H.
252
Kore Soteira
-v.
25 mm.
wound round
15.22 gr.
wearing cereal-wreath, a veil
1.,
_ KYIIKHN QN
Lion
head
1.
SQTEIPA
Obv.
hair, earring,
beneath, tunny-fish
Head
of
and necklace.
behind, pecten.
Jihousopoulos Coll.
253
<*
arm
after

Rhodian Tetradrachm 13.28 gr.; 24mm.
1. on netted
nude
down
to
seated
II
waist,
omphalos, his 1.
Apollo,
;
Rev.
KY
resting on large lyre, in
r.
a patera
in field,
1.,
%.
The splendid silver coins with the head of Core Soteira, or Persephone, were first struck soon
Conon s victory off Cnidus in B. C. 394, when Cyzicus was freed from the Spartan domi
nation.
Legend had
it
that the abduction of Persephone occurred near Cyzicus, hence the type
of our coin.
Lampsacus, located on the Propontis, was one of several towns into which colonies of Mile
The first coinage of the city

sians settled for the purposes of the great trade with the Euxine.
dates from the end of the sixth century or, interestingly enough, from just about the time when
an alliance between Hippias of Athens and ilippocles of Lampsacus was formed and cemented by
After B. C. 394 Lampsa
the marriage of the daughter of the former with the son of the latter.
cus began to coin gold Staters in great quantities, which, like the Cyzicene Staters, acquired a
wide circulation.
72
B.
Oirc.
EL
254
beneath, I
15.21 gr.
the whole in vine-wreath.
Persic Stater
C.
21 mm.
500-450.
Obv. Forepart of
winged horse
1.
Rev. Incuse square divided into four compartments, alternate compartments sunk.
The winged horse is the well-known badge of Lampsacus.
B.
Circ.
255
ate,
Persic Stater
^V.
8.43 gr.
0.
394-350.
IS mm.
Obv.
Bearded head of Zeus, laure
1.
Rev.
/ Forepart of winged horse
r.,
in incuse square.
Allatini Coll.
N. Persic Stater 8.^7 gr. 18 mm.

ivy-wreath and diadem, necklace and earring.
256
Rev. f Forepart of winged horse

ffirsch, May, 1914.
M.
trait of
Obv.
Head
of
Maenad
1.,
wearing
in incuse square.
r.,
J. P. Six most ingeniously suggested that the Maenad head on this coin presents a por
but the type was not an unusual one at
Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great
;
Lampsacus.
N.
257
Persic Stater
8.39 gr.
19 mm.
Obv.
Female head
1.,
with hair in
sakkos, wearing lotos-wreath and earring.

Rev.
Forepart of winged horse r.
Sir H. Weber
Coll.
These gold Staters are struck on the standard of the Persian Daric, a fact indicative of the
rapidly rising power of Persia following the fall of Athens.
Pergamum was
country, and
later
originally a natural fortress rising in the plain in the southern part of the
citadel of the town that grew up about it.
Because of its great
became the
natural strength Lysimachus chose

treasure, said to have
charge.
The
Eumenes
I.
amounted
to deposit his accumulation of

and placed Philetaerus, a eunuch of Tium, in
of Arsinoe to prejudice her husband Lysimachus
Pergamum
as a safe place
to 9,000 talents,
latter, offended by the efforts

his allegiance and declared himself independent, but apparently recognized
withdrew
against him,
Seleucus Nicator of Syria as his suzerain. The misfortunes of Lysimachus prevented his recover
ing Pergamum, and after a reign of twenty years Philetaerus transmitted the crown to his nephew,
Philetaerus, B. C. 284-263.
258
Rev.
tre in
r.
Attic Tetradrachm
^K..
lion s skin,
16.86 gr.
29 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Heracles, in
r.
ÊAEYKOY BAÎAEft^
hand
in field,
r.,
bust of
Zeus aetephoros seated 1. on throne, holding scep

Athena r. in crested Corinthian helmet beneath
;
throne, crescent.
Eumenes
&.
259
laureate,
r.
Attic Tetradrachm
II,
B.
C.
16.85 gr.
197-159.
34 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Philetaerus,
Rev.
4>IAETAIPOY
\i
01
i:
<>,.i
<ii:i:i:K
78
Athena seated 1., wearing crested Corinthian helmet, long

name of Philetaerus she holds spear in 1. hand, the
chiton and peplos, crowning the
arm resting on
ard, and A3.
.HNS
shield, on which Gorgon head; behind, bow;
1.
in front, naval stand
Sebastopoulos Coll.
The founder
of the
whose nephew Attalus
kingdom was honored on coins of his successors down

bequeathed Pergamum to the Romans.
Proconnesus was a small island in the Propontis.

froni
which
its
modern name Marmora
Chian Drachm
ing sphendone, earring, and necklace.
Rev. / TPO KON
Oenochoe 1.
/K.
C.
2f>3
It
was
known
chiefly
for its fine marbles,
derived.
is
B.
260
to Attalus II,
III
</r.
400-
13 mm.
Obv.
Head
of Aphrodite
wear
1.,
Allatini Coll.
TROAS.
Abydus, located on the Asiatic side of the Hellespont at its narrowest point, was a Milesian
colony.
Abydus and Sestos on the opposite shore are renowned, partly for the story of Hero and
Leander, partly for being the place where Xerxes transported his vast army over a pontoon bridge
And numerous other armies have crossed the Hellespont at the same place. The
into Europe.
city
was burned by Darius on his return from Thrace; sacked after the Ionian Revolt
then,
after nearly a century of security and prosperity in the Athenian hegemony, fell into the hands
of Sparta and became a naval base of that power.
After the peace of Antalcidas in B. C. 3H7
Abydus again became autonomous.

freedom to Abydus and other cities
After the defeat of Philip
V (B.
C. 1JH5) the
Romans granted
of Asia Minor.
Circ.
B. C. 196-
30.5 mm.
Bust of Artemis r.
16.64 9 r
and
necklace
over
shoulder, bow and quiver
wearing chiton, stephane, earring,
261
A^.
Attic Tetradrachm
0!>v.
>

Rev. | ABY AH
grapes
262
;
below,
At.
NfiN
Eagle standing r., with open wings;

the whole in laurel-wreath.
TAPMENHKOY
in
front,
bunch
of
Attic Tetradrachm
W.X1
gr.
28ft mm.
Rev. I Similar to preceding, but symbol, torch; beneath eagle, AIONV3IOY.

Artemis had a temple at Abydus that seems to have had considerable fame.
Tenedos, situate about five miles off the coast, is well known to everyone who has read the
Aeneid of Vergil. The poet speaks of Tenedos as a prosperous place, Hires opi/m, attributing, no
doubt, to Homeric times the conditions in his own day.
After B. C. 180.
263
At.
Attic Tetradrachm
and female heads, the former
ltt.7<~>
gr.
31 mm.
Obv. Janiform head of male
laureate, the latter with stephane.
74
Rev.
a right
/ TENEAIQN
hand open
to
1.
of handle, cluster of grapes
and 4
to
r.,
around, laurel-wreath.
Spink $ /Son.
The types of the
the days of Aristotle,
Double ax
coins of Tenedos remain an enigma today, just as they evidently were in

tried to explain the battle-ax type. Many explanations of the Janiform
who
head have been offered, but none
is
satisfactory.
LESBOS.
Methymna was in the northern part of the Island of Lesbos. It was friendly to Athens
from an early time, and so was treated with great favor by the Delian League. The territory of
Methymna produced the famous Lesbian wines.
B.
C.
500-450.
Obv. MA0VMNAIOS
Boar stand
Euboic Stater 845 gr. 22 mm.
on
1.
his
snout
leg.
ing r., rubbing
Head of Athena r., wearing crested helmet with dotted spiral ornament,
Rev.
earring, and necklace, in square of dotted lines
264
1&.
->*
H. Chapman.
The Athena head may be due
more
goddess at Methymna, but

significance of the boar is yet
to the existence of the cult of that
likely to the close relations of the city
The
with Athens.
unexplained.
IONIA
AND ADJACENT ISLANDS.
Clazomenae stood on the coast west of Smyrna until the fall of Sardis, when, in fear of the
new city was built on the island a short distance off. Alexander the Great united the
two places by a causeway and formed one city. Clazomenae was a commercial and industrial city
of considerable importance, having been one of the three chief centers of the pottery industry
among the Greek cities of Asia Minor. It was the birthplace of Anaxagoras the Philosopher,
Persians, a
friend and intimate of Pericles and preceptor of Euripides.
B.
265
i&.
Attic
three-quarter face
Rev.
KA
Drachm
0.
4-09 gr.
387-301.
;
17 mm.
Obv.
Head
of Apollo,
laureate,
1.
Swan, with open wings, standing
1.
around, magistrate
name
APOAAAS.
Sanyorsky Coll.
The swan was sacred
to
Apollo and
is
here used as a symbol of the god.
Ephesus, situate at the mouth of the Cayster River, was famous in antiquity because of its
great shrine of Artemis. There was a legend that the city had been established by the Amazons,
and certainly the myth of the Asiatic Amazons connected them with Ephesus and the Ephesian
75
This great shrine seems to have been venerated throughout Asia Minor, and was
A column presented by Croesus has in our time been
specially patronized by the kings of Lydia.
found, inscribed with the king s name. Darius, too, when he conquered Asia Minor, showed the
Alexander the (Jreat re
great fane special respect and treated Ephesus with marked kindness.
quested permission to rebuild the temple, which had been burned, at his own expense, if his own
Artemis.
name be placed on it, but was refused. It was with the priests of the Kphesian Diana, led by
Demetrius the image maker, that St. Paul had serious trouble. Ephesus refused to participate in
the Ionian Revolt in B. C. 500-4U4 and so was spared the fate of Miletus and other cities.
B.
266
P
E,
Rhodian Tridrachm
/R.
C.
394-295.
11.19 gr.\ 22
signature of magistrate.
Rev. \ $VN
Infant Heracles kneeling
Sir H. Welter Coll.
The myth represented by the

Conon in command
the Athenian
r.
on
1.
reverse type of this coin
mm.
Obv.
Bee
4>
beneath,
knee and strangling two serpents.

is
mentioned under No.
When
174.
him by the Persians had destroyed the

the Spartan yoke.
For this purpose Ephesus,
of a fleet furnished
Spartan Meet the Ionian cities began to throw off

Rhodes, Cnidus, and others formed an alliance. They also struck coins with the common type of
Heracles strangling the serpents, symbol of the struggle of freedom against tyranny, and with the
legend
SYNâx
267
(federal money)
*"
for the other type each city used its
Rhodian Tetradrachm
/R.
IXJDyr.
2~>
mm.
own
Obv.
historic arms.
<t>
Bee
around,
circle of dots.
Rev.
Forepart of stag kneeling
TTAfKPATIAH^, name
r.
of magistrate; the
on
knee
r.
whole
behind, palm-tree
in
front,
in circular incuse.
Bouryey.
The bee and the stag were sacred to the Ephesian Artemis, even the High Priest of the
shrine bearing the title Effffjv,
while the priestesses were known as
King Bee
honey-bees
"
"
"
",
From
and the bee are found as coin types of Ephesus, sug

gesting that striking coins may have been practiced by priests in charge of the vast treasures of
the temple before the city undertook to issue coins.
or
MAc<r<r<u.
earliest times the stag
Erythrae stood on the coast near the base of the peninsula that separated the gulfs of Smyrna
The city was subjugated by Lydia, falling under Persian domination after the
It participated in the Ionian Revolt, for which it suffered severely, like the
defeat of Croesus.
rest of the cities, after the disaster at Lade.
Though located just opposite Chios, whose monetary
standard was widely adopted, yet Erythrae never used that standard till the fourth century.
and Ephesus.
Fourth Century.
268
^R.
Rhodian Tetradrachm
1^.35 gr.
24mm.
Obv.
Head
of Heracles
r.,
in lion s skin.
Rev.
wards,
EPY
AIOrEI4>HS:
Club and bow

in field,
H. Chapman.
There was a temple
1.,
in
ornamented case; between them, reading up
owl.
of Heracles at Erythrae, which accounts for these types.
Magnesia ad Maeandrum, so designated to distinguish

was colonized by people from Magnetes in Thessaly.
Sipylus,
it
from the Magnesia near Mount

was situated not far from Mile-
It
76
tus
and
came under the control
later
When Themistocles was compelled to

whom he was assigned Magnesia
of the latter city.
leave Athens, he sought the protection of the king of Persia, by

for support.
B.
^R
269
Attic Octobol
350-300.
O.
5.59 gr.
22.5
mm.
wearing crested helmet, cuirass, and chlamys

neath horse, A around, circle of dots.
r.,
Obv.
Armed horseman
holds couched spear in
r.
galloping
be
hand
Rev.
MArNHTfiN
Humped
the whole within circular
TPIOY;
Prowe
bull
below,
AHMH-
AIONY3I03
|
pattern.
Coll.
B.
270
1.
charging
Maeander
Attic Tetradrachm
<#*..
C. 190-133.
15.92 gr.
35 mm.
Obv.
Head
of Artemis
r.,
wearing stephane, with bow and quiver on shoulder.

Rev. I MAFNHTQN
Apollo, naked, standing slightly turned 1., on Maeander
in
r.
1.
hand resting on tripod, on which a quiver
fillet
hand,
before,
pattern,
HPorNHTos K2IITPIS2N02 the whole within laurel-wreath.
;
Baron
Coll.
Miletus was founded, or perhaps an existing town was only colonized, by Greeks, at the
time of the earliest emigrations from Greece. It early became one of the greatest commercial
cities of antiquity, possessed of a large fleet of merchant ships trading throughout the Mediterra
nean Sea and especially to the shores of the Euxine. Miletus, under the leadership of its tyrant
Histiaeus, led the Ionian Revolt and, though aided by Athens, was soon reduced by Darius and
The renowned temple of Apollo Didymaeus in Milesian territory was burned
virtually destroyed.
by Darius at that time and was not restored
The
the earliest known,
anywhere
until the time of
Alexander the Great.
credited to Lydia, hut coins with Milesian types are among

and the striking of coins at Miletus was probably but very little later than
coinage of
first
money
is
else.
B.
^R-
27J
Persic Stater
C. 250-190.
11.11 gr.
27 mm.
The
lion
Head
Obv.
with long hair falling on neck.

Lion standing L, looking back at sun
Rev. | \v\
Sir H. Weber Coll.
of Apollo, laureate, L,
in front,
below, HKOAA.
and the sun were emblems of the Didymaean Apollo.
Smyrna was
first built
near the mouth of the river
Hermus
that flowed under the walls of
therefore, occupied Lydia s natural outlet to the sea, and to get possession of the city
Lydian kings waged a long war. Smyrna was finally captured by Alyattes in B. C. 585 and de
Three centuries later a new Smyrna was built a few miles away by Antigonus and
stroyed.
Sardis.
It,
Lysimachus.
Second Century.
272
^-
Attic Tetradrachm
15.4-8 gr.
39 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Kybele
r.,
with
turret-crown, her hair in knot behind and long locks falling on neck.
Lion walking 1. below, HPAKAEIAHS
the whole in oakRev. | IMYPNAION
;
wreath.
H. Chapman.

Attic Tetradrachm
At.
273
Rev. |
IMYPJNAIQN
15.//.8 gr.
below, f
39mm.
01><\
the whole in oak-wreath.
PMlipsen Coll.
In the new Smyrna a splendid temple
front.
The lion was sacred to her.
77
of Kybele, the
mother of the gods, stood on the
sea-
Teos, situate on a peninsula southwest of Smyrna, was one of the very prosperous cities of
Ionia until the Persian invasion. Fearing harsh treatment from the Persians some of the people
of Teos abandoned their city in 13. C. 544 and settled at Abdera in Thrace.
Hut it seems that
who remained in the old home were evidently treated with greater consideration than had
been expected. For the city of Anacreon continued to prosper, and the apparently uninterrupted
coinage suggests that it remained autonomous.
those
Before B. G. fity.
At.
274
seated
r.,
with
Aeginetic Stater
1.
paw
raised
I1.7i)gr.\
in front,
club
Obv. Griffin, with curled wings,

24mm.
Rev. Incuse square, divided into four compartments with granulated surfaces.
The griffin on Tean coins has not yet been satisfactorily explained. It has been suggested
that it relates to the Hyperborean Apollo and the guardianship of the gold that .Jason sought, for
the Teans had extensive commerce with the Euxine long before they began to strike coins.
The Ionian Revolt against Persia started in H. C. 500 at Miletus, under the instigation of
Aristagoras, and quickly spread to nearly all of the Greek cities of Asia Minor. The Persian
The intervention of
tyrants were promptly expelled and Greek strategoi elected in their places.
Athens was sought, and that city, with Eretria, despatched a fleet, landed at Ephesus, reached
and burned
mand
Sardis.
But disaster overtook the combined Greek
of the sea the Persians soon reduced the rebellious cities.
Lade and with the com

Gardner has recogni/ed in
fleet at
Prof.
a group of Electrum Staters, of peculiar and uniform fabric, coins issued at various Ionian cities
The patrioticthe exact mint not always determinable
to meet the expenses of the war.
to use Persian gold Darics to pay their soldiers and sailors, and reverted to their
ancient practice of coining electrum.
cities refused
B. c.
275
Milesian Stater
Kl.
14-00
r>oo-W4.
(jr.
Obv.
Sow walking
Obv.
Cock standing
20 mm.
r.

Sir H. Weber Coll.
Doubtfully attributed to
276
floral
Milesian Stater
Kl.
ornament
Methymna
around,
in
Lesbos.
14-03 gr.
20 mm.
r.
above,
circle of dots.

Sir H. Weber Coll.
Quite possibly struck at Dardanus, where the coin-type
SATRAPY OF
is
a cock or cock-light.
IONIA.
The Persian satraps occasionally issued coins from the mints of western Asia Minor.
types vary, but sometimes resemble those of the Persian Daric.
The
78
B.
277
sia,
Rhodian Tetradrachm
1&.
bearded, kneeling
r.,
0.
400.
14-0^ gr.
mm.
23.5
wearing kidaris and candys
in
r.
Obv. The king of Per

hand, spear; in 1., strung
bow.
Rev. Incuse with granulated surface and various raised patterns.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
This specimen has, with considerable degree of probability, been attributed to Ephesus.
ISLANDS OF IONIA.
is a few miles off the coast of Ionia, between the islands of Samos and Lesbos.
The
was very fertile and early contained a prosperous population. The city of Chios on the
eastern shore had an excellent harbor and its commerce was large. The fine marbles of Chios
were famous in antiquity, but still more famous were its wines, celebrated by almost all the poets
and still in high favor.
Chios
island
B.
278
lj.78-lf.rn.
23 mm. Obv. Sphinx seated 1.,

amphora surmounted by bunch of grapes r., dolphin,
Rhodian Tetradrachm
P&.
C.
15.32 gr.
with curled wings in field, 1.,

the whole on circular raised shield.
;
1.
Rev. Incuse square, divided into four compartments.

Sir H. Weber Coll.
The sphinx
is
a symbol of the wine-god Dionysus, whose cult was specially favored in Chios.
Samos was one of the most prosperous of the Aegaean islands. At a very early period it
became a considerable naval power and in the time of its too fortunate tyrant Polycrates was re
spected or feared because of its fleet. In this period Samos had close political and commercial
The city joined in the Ionian Revolt and furnished sixty ships to the con
relations with Egypt.
After the defeat many of the Samians refused to submit to Persian domi
federate fleet at Lade.
nation and sailed away to Sicily and settled at Zancle (Messana). Samos was one of the first to
become an ally of Athens, but revolted in B. C. 439 and was conquered and punished by Pericles.
Samos was one of the earliest art centers of the Greek world.
Before B. C. 494.
279
Tetradrachm
#*
13.15
gr. ;
%<2
mm.
Obv.
Lion
scalp with lower jaws
displayed.
Rev.
$A
Bull
head
r.
in incuse square.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
B.
280
Tetradrachm
#*-
displayed.
Rev. |
$A
Hirsch.
15.35 gr.
439-365.
6 mm.
Obv. Lion s scalp, with lower
jaw
the right leg bent, truncation dotted; behind,

ErMONEns the whole in incuse square.
Forepart of bull
olive branch; above, [AAK]MEI2N
C.
r.,

^R.
281
Rhodian Tetradrachm
but of more advanced style.

Rev. I 3 A
Forepart of bull
ornamental band round the body

(Q)
JS.%6 gr.
79
26 mm.
Obr. Similar to preceding,
with r. leg bent under him, dotted truncation,

behind, olive-branch above, HTHÎANAE; below,
r.,
lion s
The bull on the Saniian coins is apparently a river-god. The

mask are obscure. Samoa was one of the principal centers of
origin
and meaning of the
the cult of Hera, where that

the lion-scalp might be a sym
goddess had a famous temple, whilst the cult of Heracles, of whom

bol, does not seem to have been important, if established in Samoa at
Babelon that the device
is
of Egyptian origin
is
The
all.
suggestion of
M.
certainly interesting.
CARIA AND ADJACENT ISLANDS.

Mausolus, B. C. 377-353.
This Satrap of Caria would have passed to that oblivion the most of such officials deserved
had not his sister and widow Artemisia erected for him at HalicarnasHiis the tomb which anti
quity regarded as one of the seven wonders of the world, a distinction the Mausoleum seems to
have well deserved. The names of such architects and artists as Pythis, Scopas, Bryaxis, Timotheus, and Leochares, who were engaged to build and adorn the great structure with a variety of
sculptures, are sufficient to warrant the renown it had in ancient times, even if some remains
were not still extant to confirm that estimate. A more enduring glory for Ilalicarnassus was in
being the birthplace of Herodotus.
^.
282
Rhodian Tetradrachm
Rev.
tion with
spear in
8.
r.
r.,
MAY^QAAO
end thrown across
14.90 gr.
mm.
Obv.
Head
of Apollo,
the hair so treated as to suggest rays.
Zeus Stratios walking

1.
24.5
arm
r.,
talaric chiton
wearing
holds labrys (double-ax) over
r.
and hima-
shoulder, inverted
hand.
H. Chapman.
The
Zeus Stratios, the Zeus of

facing Apollo-head is an imitation of a Khodian coin-type.
the piratical Carians, had a temple at Labranda, a village near the old capital city of Mylasa.
Hidrieus, B. C. 351-344.
This Satrap was a brother of Mausolus and succeeded
misia in B. C. 351. His wife was his younger sister Ada.
Rhodian Tetradrachm 14.7 If

Rev. f IAPIEQS
Type as No. 282.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
283
jR.
Euagoras
II,
King
gr.
to the satrapy
#0 mm.
on the death of Arte
Obv. Similar to No. 282.
of Salamis, B. C. 351-
Euagoras was king of Salamis when the Phoenician revolt against Persia broke out in B. C.
He declared for Persia, but the several other kings then reigning in Cyprus took the aide of
He went over to the Persians, was well
the Phoenicians and drove Euagoras from his kingdom.
received by Hidrieus, brother and successor of Mausolus on the throne of Caria, who aided him
351.
80
in equipping a fleet.
to take the city.
With the
aid of Phocion, the Athenian, they laid siege to Salamis, but failed
In the opinion of M. Babelon
this coin
was struck
in Caria during the preparations for this
expedition.
284
xerxes
Rhodian Tetradrachm 15.22 gr.

wearing kidaris and kandys, kneeling
JR.
III,

Rev. f Euagoras
lance
II,
r.
21 mm.
Obv. Persian King, Artaand discharging arrow from bow
;
mounted on horse galloping
r.,
striking
downwards with
beneath horse, wreath and letter 0-
ISLANDS OF CARIA.
Carpathos was a small island off the coast of Caria. It seems to have been one of the nu
merous Phoenician trading-points in the seventh century. There were but three small cities on
the island, of which Poseidium was the most important and the capital.
Sixth Century.
285
Phoenician Stater
#*-.
13.57
gr.
23 mm.
Obv.
Two
dolphins
swim
ming in opposite directions, the upper r., the lower 1. beneath, smaller dolphin
the whole in square of dotted lines with flowers in corners.
;
1.
Rev. Incuse square, divided by broad band into two parallel oblongs.
Mathey Coll.
The dolphins relate
tion of the type
to the name of the town Poseidium.

found on coins of Camirus in Rhodes.
The
reverse
is
evidently an imita
It is mentioned by Homer, so that it

Cos was one of the more important of the Sporades.
must have been colonized at a very early period. The population was Dorian and the chief city,
Cos, belonged to the Dorian pentapolis, that included also Camirus, Cnidus, and lalysus. The
is said to have been settled by people from Epidaurus who brought with them the cult of
island
At any rate there was a famous temple of that god at Cos, in which was the cele
Asklepios.
brated Venus Anadyomene painted by Apelles, a native of Cos. The island was also noted for its
wines and its purple dye, and for a diaphanous silken fabric that was long popular among Greeks
and Romans.
Against these Coan fabrics Juvenal levels some of his sharpest shafts.
Fifth Century.
25.5 mm.
K03 Discobolus,
naked, in attitude of throwing- the discus in field, 1., tripod; around, circle of dots.
Rev. -^ Crab in an incuse square border of dots.
Hirsch XXXIV, 489.
286
-*-.
Attic Tetradrachm
16.58 gr.;
Obv.
the Triopian Promontory opposite Cos was a temple of Apollo, where the Dorian
tapolis annually celebrated with games a great festival in honor of that god.
On
iv 8e
fj.iq.
ri/jiif.
Pen
Tpioirov Ka.ra.0eio KO\WVO.V,
Theocritus XVII, 689.

ytpcKT ^771)5
honor to the Dorians near."
headland
let
the
honor
share,
equal
Triopian
according
my
The coins of Cos of this type were probably agonistic, being issued on the occasion of those games.
The tripod was the capital prize.
The crab may have been a symbol of Heracles, whose cult was affected by part of the Coans.
tffov Awpiêcreri
"
And
in
V^/JLUV
tov<riv.

V. 300-HH).
//.
M.
287
Rhodian Tetradrachm
acles in lion s skin
Rev.
in a
81
14-09 gr.;
2$ mm.
Head
of
young Her
in case; the
whole with
Of>v.
r.
KQION
(/rah: beneath,
TIMOAYKOS, and bow
square of dotted lines in an incuse square.

Hirsch XVIII, 2481.
Following the death of Alexander the Great Cos
fell to
the share of Ptolemy of Egypt, and
the Alexander type was introduced on the obverse of the coins, but the old civic type was re
tained on the reverse.
ISLAND OK KHODKS.
Camirus was the greatest of the three cities of
early commercial relations with Aegina is shown by
Rhodes and
chiefly a
commercial town.
Its
coin standards.
its
Sixth Century B. C.
12.2$
288
/R.
Aeginetic Stater
Rev.
Two
incuse oblongs, parallel.
$.
(jr.
20 mm.
Oln<.
Fig-leaf.
H. Chapman.
The
significance of the tig-leaf
is
not clear, unless
it
relates to
an important
local product.
Rhodes was founded by the three chief cities of the island purely for commercial considera
tions, thus concentrating the wealth and commerce of the entire island in a single city on a better
But a nobler spirit seems to have controlled the building of the city for it was laid out
harbor.
;
by a famous expert in city-building, Ilippodamus, a native of Miletus. The same person also
designed the city of Thurium and the Piraeus. The well-known colossal statue of Helios was later
The cost of this Wonder of the World is said to have
erected by Chares at the harbor entrance.
been met largely from the material abandoned by Demetrius Poliorcetes when he raised the mem
In 13. C.
Rhodes was despoiled by the Romans of the large territory
orable siege of Rhodes.
granted in 189 including great portions of Caria and Lycia also her commerce suffered a fatal
1(>0
blow
but
much was
restored in
13.
C. 88 for tidelity during the Mithradatic war.
B. C.
-K
289
quarter face
Rev.
Chian Tetradrachm
1X.W
yr.
2fi
mm.
Obi
Head
of
Helios three-
r.
POA ION
Rose with bud
beneath,
4>.
Sotheby, 1019, No. 242.
The facing head of the patron divinity, Helios, on this coin shows the influence of Kimon s
before the
masterpiece of the facing Arethusa at Syracuse. The latter work had appeared just
sensation
a
artists,
aroused
espe
among
Rhodians projected their second coinage and must have
It has been pointed out that this Rhodian head be
cially engravers and sculptors, everywhere.
characteristic of the tendencies of the island s sculpture toward
the broader and boldef
style
trays
the colossal.
The
rose
is
a punning type relating to the
name
of the city.
B. C. 8S-43.
290
A.
Attic? Drachm:
radiate, three-quarter face
r.
.;./////.; 2/.X
mm.
Obi\
Youthful head of Helios,
82
Rev. Full-blown rose
head
above, magistrate
name,
KPITOKAH^
below, barley-
Merzbacher
Coll.
The almost cherubic
face of Helios on this coin, and the rays a duller imagination required
sun god, mark a great change in Rhodian art ; interesting, too,
in the first century to suggest the

is
the fact that the
commerce had
291
Drachm was then
the sun of her culture and
the largest coin the city issued
set.
-Ê-
%3.45 9r
>
>
35mm.
Obv.
Facing bead of Helios, with flowing hair and
rays.
PO
Rev. f
Full-blown rose facing; below,
$<t>AI^
PO^
the whole in an oak-
wreath.
UNCERTAIN MINT.
Sixth Century.
19.5 mm.
Obv. Forepart of lion
on
?
forward
bee
one
neck,
punchmark,
paw
lioness)
Rev. Incuse square, in four compartments.
Cf. Bab. XIX, 18.
^R.
292
Spink
1.,
(or
Son.
one of a considerable group of early coins with types suggestive of Caria, but whose
has
not yet been satisfactorily established.
mint-place
This
is
LYDIA.
The
fairly trustworthy history of Lydia begins with the accession of Gyges in B. C. 687, the
founder of the dynasty of the Mermnadae. Under this sovereign a policy of conquests was
launched that was pursued by his successors till the Lydian empire embraced nearly all of Asia
Minor.
The
lliver
biguous oracle,
destroyed his
Halys was
its
eastern boundary in the time of Croesus, who, misled by an am

of trying to carry his conquests beyond that stream and
made the fatal mistake

own mighty empire.
Victorious Persia then extended her domination to the
Aegaean Sea and the

It is
And
now
the most
islands contiguous to Asia Minor.

very generally conceded that the credit of inventing the coin belongs to Lydia.
primitive specimens of coins are the best proof of the claim, for they almost cer
These early coins are all of electrum or white gold

tainly are Of Lydian origin.
(\evKbs xpvo-6s),
an alloy of gold and silver found in the rivers and mines of Lydia. The proportion of gold in the
"
"
natural alloy varied from 55% to

so much as to hamper commerce.
80%,
To
so that coins struck with uniform weight varied in value
and numerous countermarked specimens,

marked by responsible merchants, shows that the evil was realized
the government of the
long famous Croesus carried through a great monetary reform. The two metals were separated
and existing specimens of pure gold and pure silver coins confirm the statement of Herodotus that
The Lydians were the first people, so far as we know, to make use of money struck in gold and
in silver
The purpose
5 qvOpuiruv TUV -r)fjLis idfj-ev v6/j.ur/j.a xpvvov /cat dpyvpov Ko^dfj.ei Oi txP TavTO
(irpCiroi.
For
of the great reform may have been primarily commercial, but it was hardly the sole motive.
cure this evil
so
"
"
n<
would readily find their way into the royal mint at

It is not
profits, which went directly into the royal fiscus.
in the recoinage of the electrum coins that
Sardis there
must have been enormous
CATAUMJUK OK (TKEKK COINS
88
improbable tbat it is to the operations of this mint that Croesus owed much of bis fabulous wealth;
and the same operations may account for the scarcity of the electrum issues of several cities whose
few known coins must be later than the actual beginning of their coinage.
293
and
r.
Time of Croesus, R.
Stater: X./Oyr.; JO mm.
Ol>v.
forward, facing forepart of bull
paw
Rev.
Two
Con.
Wct>er
lion
Wl-T^G.
Forepart of lion
r.,
with open month
1.
incuse squares, one larger than the other, side by side.

Coll, 3286.
Drachm
294 JR. Babylonic

H. Chapman.
The
C.
ft.
31
gr.
mm.
1(1
found as a type on the earlier coins of Lydia, but the bull first appears on the
It probably relates to some newly conquered country added to the empire.
is
coinage of Croesus.
PHRYGIA.
Cibyra became the
capital city of a confederation of four cities early in the second century

B. C. This Tetrapolis enjoyed excellent government and became remarkably prosperous. Strabo
states that Cibyra, meaning doubtless the Confederation, was capable of putting in the field 50, 0(10
.
After the conquest by the Romans Cibyra became the chief city of
infantry and 2,000 cavalry.
an extensive conventus. The town seems to have struck no coins till near the middle of the second
century.
295 1&.
Rhodian Tetradrachm 12.^7 gr.
wearing crested helmet border of dots.
:
r.,
30mm.
Obv.
Male bust, draped,
Rev.
KIBYPATQN
Horseman galloping
r.,
armed with crested helmet,
cuirass,
in field, L, 5IA, r., MA

beneath horse, B; below, MOshield, and spear; above, pilei
30 mm.
296 -/R. Rhodian Tetradrachm
12ft3(jr.
Rev. I Similar to preceding; behind horseman, bee; on cuirass, K: beneath
;
horse, A
KEA
OAI.
LYCIA.
Not much
is
known
of the history of Lycia prior to the conquest by Alexander the (Jreat.

names of petty princes, whose domains must have been, in most cases,
There are a great many

but next to nothing has been accomplished in deter
very small towns and the adjacent country
of
held
where
or
when
them
sway. Perhaps the obscurity of these individuals is due
mining
any
to the fact that they were unimportant members of a national federation, one of the most success
ful federal governments of antiquity.
These federal institutions were continued after the Persian
;
conquest in B. C. 545.
Circ.
297
/R.
Babylonic Stater
Rev. Triskeles
H. Chapman.
r.
R. C. 480-460.
V.S>0
f/r.
VO mm.
in linear square, in incuse square.
Obv.
Forepart of
l>oar
r.
CATALOGUE OF GKEEK COINS
84
B. C. 480-460.
Taththivaibi, Circ.
^R.
298
Aeginetic Stater
11.76
(jr.
19 mm.
Obv.
three rows of curls on forehead, hair confined by a cord

earring and necklace.
Rev. "P^XXFFÊFBE
Tetraskeles
r.
Head
of
Aphrodite
and drawn up behind
L,
with
wears
the whole in dotted square within incuse
square.
Merzbacher, 3143.
Vad
299
Babylonic Stater
#*-
Rev. p^/\
Triskeles
H. Chapman.
The triskeles, or
national
emblem.
who was
a crod of
1.
385-380.
0.81 gr.
25 mm.
Lion
Obv.
scalp facing.
in circular incuse.
tetraskeles,
is
found commonly on Lycian coins and seems to have been a

sun and therefore relates to the Lycian Apollo,
It apparently symbolizes the

liirht.
PAMPHYLIA.
Aspendus, situate near the mouth of the Eurymedon river, was a wealthy commercial city.
Strabo says it was an Argive colony. The city was evidently of considerable importance some
what early in the fifth century. It was at Aspendus that the Athenian patriot Thrasybulus was
by citizens who resented

was Estvedys.
slain
his levy of contributions.
Circ.
300
Persic Stater
10.72
gr.
B.
of the city in the vernacular
C. ^00-300.
24 mm.
The name
Two
Obv.
grasping the other by the wrists, while the latter thrusts

versary s legs on border, circle of dots.
r.
nude, the one

foot forward between ad
wrestlers,
\ E^TFEAIIY^
Slinger standing
in square of dotted lines.
the
whole
les;
Rev.
8.
r.,
hurling with sling; in
field, r., triske
H. Chapman.
scene from the palaestra forms the obverse type of this coin. The suggestion that the
Greek sphendonetes or slinger is meant as a punning type suggested by the similarity between the
word and the name of the town is interesting, possibly correct.
Perga, situate on the river Oestrus, was the metropolis of Pamphylia in the first century of
our era and probably long before. St. Paul visited Perga twice on his missionary journeys,
having Barnabas with him the second time. The famous temple of Artemis Pergaea stood on a
hilltop
near the
The
city.
festival celebrated
there in honor of the goddess was of national
importance.
B.
Attic Tetradrachm
30J
laureate
Rev.
behind neck, quiver

f
APTEMIAO^
TTEPfAIA^
|
hunting-boots, standing to front with
supporting scepter
at
r.
C. 190-27.
16.78 gr. 28 mm.

border of dots.
side, stag
Obv.
Head
of
Artemis Pergaea
r.,
Artemis, wearing short armless chiton, high
head turned
looking up
L,
holding wreath in r., the

r., thunderbolt?
in field,
1.
hand
CATALOGUE OF GUKKK COINS
85
CILICIA.
was located on the coast, northeast of the Aneinurian promontory. The place
by Phoenicians, hut later received Saurian colonists. The town occupied a natu
ral stronghold and was selected for the town site either for protection against pirates, who for
centuries infested that coast, or the town itself was originally a pirates retreat. On the
adjacent
plains horse-breeding was an important industry.
Celenderis
was
first
settled
Circ.
^K.
302
Persic Stater
ways galloping
r.,
B.
C.
10.59 gr.
holding whip
in
r.
450-400.
23 mm.
and rein
in
Nude horseman
Obv.
1.
hand
below, T
seated side
around, circle of
dots.
Rev. *-
KEAEN
Goat kneeling
on
r.
1.
head turned back; the whole
leg,
in cir
cular incuse.
Paris, 1909.
The obverse type shows the

Horse-racing was evidently a favorite sport at Celenderis.
jockey leaping from his mount at the end of the race. The goat on the reverse is thought to
allude to the abundance of those animals in the vicinity of the city.
Mallus was located on the river Pyranius at the point where the stream divided before reach
Although the town was evidently prosperous and of considerable importance from
ing the sea.
an early date, yet prior to the Macedonian conquest but very little
seat of a famous oracle, whose origin was associated with the myth of
foundation.
of
It
it.
was the
%% mmObv. Male figure, winged, running

J0.54 U r
weare long chiton, and holds in both hands a disc on which eight pointed star
303
r.
known
its
B. C. 425-385.
Circ.
^-
is
Persic Stater

Rev.
MAP Swan walking
Durujlt Sale, 587.
1.
in field,
1.,
dolphin
r.,
all in
circular incuse.
The running-figure type on this coin remains yet unexplained. The swan, like the goat on
the Celendris coin, perhaps betrays local influence, though that bird was also sacred to Astarte.
Soli, situate
ture of Rhodians.
near the mouth of the river Lamus, was an Argive colony with a later admix
It was the corruption of the Greek language of this city by contact with the
native speech that gave rise to the term solecism.

When Tigranes of Armenia wrested Cilicia
from the Seleucid kings he destroyed Soli and transported the inhabitants to his new city of
But in ]J. C.
Tigranocerta.
Pompey restored the town and settled there the pirates he had
subdued along that coast. Thereafter the city was called J ompeiopnlis.
G<>
Circ.
304
<-R.
Persic
Stater
1045
B. C. 450-386.
gr.
crested Athenian helmet adorned with griffin

circle of dots.
Jtt
r.,
ÔAEQN
and 1., TE.

H. Chapman.
AI,
Hunch
of grapes
mm.
23.5
on
Obv.
Head
of
Athena
wears necklace and earring
stalk,
r.,
in
around,
with tendrils and a leaf; in
field,
86
Athena on
It is possible that the
owed
B.
304a -fl^-. Stater 9.98 gr.
skin around neck border of dots.
;
was due
this coin
by, and, by popular error in etymology,

as a symbol on some of the coins of Soli.
to a tradition that the city
name
its
to,
was founded
The Athenian owl
Solon.
also occurs
386-333.
C.
22 mm.
Obv.
Bearded head of Heracles
r.,
lion s
Rev.
ÔAIKON
Head
of Satrap
r.,
bearded and wearing mitra.
CAPPADOCIA.
This Persian satrapy was erected into a kingdom that became independent after the death
The name
when Alexander invaded
of Seleucus I, of Syria, in B. C. 281.
or
who was on
Persia.
the throne
title
Ariarathes was inherited from the Satrap
Ariarathes V, B. 0. 163-130.
This prince, whose maternal grandfather was Antiochus III, the Great, had the misfortune
to incur the enmity of Demetrius of Syria, probably because he refused to support the latter
against Rome, but according to some authorities, because he had refused the hand of Demetrius
sister.
Demetrius, therefore, drove him from his throne and placed thereon the pretender Orophernes. Ariarathes went to Rome, where his appeal found sympathetic ears and returning was
1
Pergamum, doubtless by Rome s order or suggestion. A

was the demand Ariarathes made upon the peo
ple of Priene, in Ionia, for 400 talents Orophernes had deposited with them during his brief oc
cupancy of the throne of Cappadocia, B. C. 158-157. The Prienians refused to deliver the money
restored to his throne by Attalus of
famous incident
in connection with these events
any but the depositor and accepted war and a siege rather than recede from their position.
Ariarathes failed to secure the money, which was later returned to Orophernes.
to
305
Attic Tetradrachm
^-.
V, laureate,
16.03 gr.
29.15 mm.
Obv.
Head
of Ariarathes
r.
APIAPA00Y
EYSEBOY5 <NAOTTATOPOS Athena, in
/ BAIAEQ:>
crested helmet and talaric chiton, standing L, holding in r. hand Nike r. with wreath,
Rev.
her
1.
supporting spear and shield, on which gorgoneion
in exergue, f.
Ariarathes IX, B. C. 99-97.

This prince was the son of Mithradates VI, the Great, of Pontus, who placed him on the
throne of Cappadocia after putting Ariarathes VII to death. He was but eighteen years of age
when placed on the throne and, after a brief reign, was driven off by his own subjects.
306
IX ?,
^-.
Attic Tetradrachm
diademate,
Rev.
16.32 gr.
33.5 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Ariarathes
r.
BA3IAEQ3
APIAPA00Y
ing L, drinking; in field, L, star
EYSEBOYS
and crescent; to
r.,
4>IAOTTATOP03
|
/ty\
Pegasus stand
the whole in oak-wreath.
Consul Weber.
It is a
debated question whether the head on this coin is that of the young king or of Mith
It hardly resembles the latter, and M. Reinach is probably right in holding
radates the Great.
87
that it is the head of the young king, but made to appear older than he really was.
The pegasustype recalls the coin-types of his father, No. 230, while the star and crescent are the symbol of
his ancestral house.
M. Reinach interprets the monogram AM4>I as an abbreviation for Amphipolis,
taken in the
last
year of the reign, and the place of issue.
SYRIA.
Seleucus
/,
Nicator, B. O. 312-280.
The
reign of this monarch, the founder of the Seleucid Kingdom of Syria, dates from the
battle of Gaza in B. C. 312 when he recovered his satrapy of Babylon, from which he had been
driven by Antigonus.
In B. ( 301 Seleucus at the head of the coalition against Antigonus de
.
monarch and his son Demetrius Poliorcetes in the battle of Ipsus, when
lost
his
life
and Demetrius fled. Seleucus, then saluted Nicator,
Victor victorum
Antigonus
(Just. XVII, 2), soon thereafter became master of nearly all of Asia Minor and founded the new
monarchy with its capital at Antioch, which he built on the Orontes and named in honor of his
feated that powerful
"
"
father.
307
r.,
Attic Tetradrachm
pi.
helmet ornamented with bull
in
panther
13.22 yr.
horn and
skin also knotted about the neck
ear,
26 mm.
Obv.
of Seleucus
I,
skin, a
A
BA3IAEQ3 3EAEYKOY (from r. to /.). Nike, in talaric
]
and crowning a trophy in field, Boeotian shield around, circle of
1
r.
Head
and covered with panther
chiton, standing
dots.
H. Chapman.
Probably struck after the battle of Ipsus. Like Alexander the Great, Seleucus here appears
thus
young Heracles he also uses the title of King," which he had assumed in B. C.
removing the last vestiges of his former subordinate position.
Nike crowning the trophy recalls a similar type on the coins of Agathodes of Syracuse, and
is another illustration of the great influence of the Sicilian engravers throughout the Greek world
as
"
{()(>,
during the fourth and third centuries.
Antiochus II, Theos, B.

While
tus,
O.
266-261-246.
king was engaged in a fruitless war with Ptolemy Philadelphia of Egypt, Diodoof
revolted and set up an independent kingdom.
Bactria,
Satrap
308
niate,
this
N.
Attic Stater; 8.^2 gr.
17mm.
Obv.
Head
Antiochus
of
II,
diade-
r.
BA3IAEQ3 ANTIOXOY
Apollo seated 1. on omphalos, himation across r.

r. hand, and
in field, above, star
in
in 1. behind omphalos
arrow
bow
leg, holding
beneath hand, ^ (= AtoSoVo??) below, lyre.
Rev.
H. Chapman.
Probably struck in Bactria before the revolt of Diodotus in B. C. 258. The Apollo-on-theomphalos is simply an imitation of the similar Syrian type, and hardly has any reference to an
oracle of the god established in the East.
Antiochus IV, Epiphane*, B. C.

One of the memorable revolts of the Jews took place in the
was put down and punished with a harshness quite as memorable.
reign of this monarch, and it

cultured man, who patron-
88
ized the arts, Epiphanes evidently lacked either political judgment or sane political advisers and
marred his short reign with a futile attempt on Egypt, which was checked by the Romans, and by
another in Persia, which further disturbances in Jerusalem cut short. He perished miserably,
smitten by Jehovah, as the Jews believed, and by their gods, as the Persians thought.
#L
309
laureate,
r.
around,
about to crown him

iSpink
16.73 gr.
33 mm.
Bearded head
Obv.
of Zeus,
fillet.
BA5IAEQ3
Zeus, naked down
Rev.
ex.
Attic Tetradrachm
ANTIOXOY
0EOY
r.
I.
ETTI<1>ANOYS
NIKH<t>OPOY
in
to hips, laureate, seated
1.
on throne
in
r.
hand, Nike
r.
in L, sceptre.
Son.
$"
Some numismatists have regarded this splendid head as a portrait of Epiphanes. And it is
very probable that some of the monarch s features are portrayed in it, yet the head is doubtless
meant to represent that of the copy of the Olympian Zeus of Phidias, a replica of which Antiochus set up near Antioch, whether in the temple of Apollo at Daphne or in a new temple the king
had erected for Zeus. On the reverse is very likely a representation of the entire statue, but
with remarkable artistic liberties in the details.
Pentechalchus
3 JO
1&.
Rev.
\ BAÎAEQ^
31.12
gr.
ANTIOXOY
r.
33.5mm.
6EOY
Obv.
Bearded head
ETTI<t>ANOY^
|
I.
of
Zeus
Eagle standing
r.
r.
on thunderbolt.
The fabric of this great bronze piece, especially its size and the shallow cavity in the center
But Mr. Edward T. Newell,
of each side, has long led many authorities to attribute it to Egypt.
President of the American Numismatic Society, has shown conclusively that this is an error and
that it was issued from the mint at Antioch (A. J. N., LI, pp. 24-27). The reverse type of the
eagle on a fulmen
is
probably meant, Mr. Newell points out, to be commemorative of Epiphanes

it was the badge of the Ptolemies.
victories in Egypt, for
PHOENICIA.
Sidon was the oldest and most powerful
city of Phoenicia, celebrated at a very early period

for its manufactures of a varied sort, its skilled workmen, such as Solomon secured to build his
temple, and for enterprizing merchants who spread Phoenician commerce to every shore of the
known
world. After the Persian conquest (B. C. 537) Sidon became the chief naval reliance of
The city was destroyed in B. C. 321 by Artaxerxes III, Ochus, to punish the Phoe
that power.
nicians who had revolted.
B.
3fJ
one mast and four
sails
425-400.
Obv. Sidonian galley sailing L, with

7.03 gr. 18 mm.
the
row
of
shields
rail,
along
zigzag lines for waves around,
Half - shekel
#*
C.
circle of dots.
Rev. f
Persian King standing r. shooting with bow wears kidaris and kandys
head (Bes ?) incuse r., head of goat incuse the whole in incuse square.
Son.
;
to L, bearded
Spink
The king
<f
of Sidon was the high Admiral of the Phoenician

Persia while Sidon was under the domination of that country.
fleet,
the chief naval defence of
CATALOGUE OF GREKK COINS
89
In addition
Tyre, a colony of Sidon, rivaled the latter city in manufactures and commerce.
made of gold, silver, and bronze peddled in Phoenician commerce throughout
the world, the purple dyes of Tyre were famous. The dye was produced from the murex, a shell
The Old Tyre, as it was afterwards called, on the mainland,
fish abounding in the local waters.
to the usual articles
was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, and the new

the siege of Alexander in {32 B. C.
mous by
city built
on the island opposite was made
fa
B. C. 400-332.
3J2
a triple
shon
Obv. Dolphin swimming r.,

22.5 mm.
Phoenician Stater
gr.
zigzag line beneath representing waves; below, murex; in field, ^f^f (shilo-
*-
1/ao)
i
l\>
13.r>5
around, cable.
Owl standing
face of field
r., with scepter and

Mathey Coll.
The dolphin probably
flail
alludes both to the sea-born
under
1.
wing, depressed below sur
commerce and
the island seat of the
new
Tyre, whilst the murex refers to the source of the Tyrian purple dye. The Athenian owl
and the Egyptian flail indicate the countries with which Tyre had its principal commercial rela
To all appearance, then, these types are of purely commercial origin, unrelated to local
tions.
city of
religious ideas or myths.

Of interest to a citizen of this country are the
sunken type of the reverse, anticipating the
fabric of the recently issued Half-eagle.
PALESTINE.
The
issued no
Jews issued no coins till after the middle of the first century B. C. and even then they
coins of gold or silver, a form of money, especially the gold, that would mark their full
The Shekels of silver current with the merchant" were merely certain weights of
sovereignty.
the silver of commerce, while the sums of money mentioned in the Bible in later times were made
up of foreign coins, Persian Darics, Greek Tetradrachms, and others then current in their country.
Small bronze coins were struck by Simon Maccahaeus and his successors, both Asmonaean and
Idumaean Princes, till the Roman Procurators in A. D. 6. With the outbreak of the First Revolt
GO came a
in B. C.
new coinage born
of a
renewed hope of achieving
(heir
independence of Rome.
First Revolt, A. D. 66-70.
3J3
^nw
&.
"Shekel
Tyrian Shekel: U-Uffr.

of
Israel")
around, border of dots.

Rev. f
3WMP3 l?VZ.Wm
Triple
lily
around,
Mathey Coll.
The date, year
23S>
mm.
Obv.
/fqw^PW fttWI
Chalice with knop on stem; above, g\/V (y*
(nernpn D terr
"Jerusalem
= year 2)
the
Holy")
circle of dots.
in (50 A. D. and
points to the second year of the revolt which broke out
Dated Shekels and Half-shekels are known for each of the five years.
The types are interesting because so different from any of the vast number of ancient coin-types
known and specially interesting is the thick heavy flan that is characteristic of the Greek coins
continued for
2,
five years.
of five centuries earlier.
90
Second Revolt, A. D. 132-135.

Titus put down the first revolt long rankled in
the hreasts of the Jews, and smarting, indeed, were the measures taken to repress them. The
relief from the poll-tax of a Half-shekel, formerly paid to the Temple but then collected by Rome,
So in A. D. 132
since the Temple had been destroyed, was not sufficient to bring contentment.
The harshness with which Vespasian and
Simon Barcochba
("
Son of a
Star")
led the
Jews
determined revolt against Hadrian
in a
gov
ernment.
3J4
^.
Tyrian Shekel;
25 mm.
14.75 gr.\
Q]^ Q 7CO
Obv.
Simon) Tetrastyle building, with flattened columns, line of dots on architrave above,
a waved line
within, screen of Tabernacle with Ark of Covenant around, border of
;
dots.
Rev.} ^/.(JJ^ q_+^qg/,
(D^n nnn
s
dle of twigs (lulalf) with citron (ethrog) on
? "Deliverance
Bun
of Jerusalem")
1.
PARTHIA.
till
This was a part of a Persian Satrapy inhabited by a nomadic people, of which little is known
It was then that Arsaces established a royal govern
after the death of Alexander the Great.
ment and promptly began a campaign of conquests that ultimately embraced nearly the whole of
the old Persian monarchy. The defeat and capture of two Syrian kings, Demetrius II and Antiochus Sidetes, removed Parthia s only rival until she came into contact with the Romans. This
began with the fatal campaign of Crassus in B. C. 53 and ended with the virtual submission of
Phraates to Augustus, when the former returned the battle standards captured when the army of
Crassus was destroyed.
Period of Mithradates
315
-*..
Attic Tetradrachm
14.93
mate, r., draped.

Rev. t BASIAEQS
MEfAAOY
standing three-quarter
drinking-cup in
Montagu
The types
1.,
A. D. 171-138.
/,
gr.
AP3AKOY
r.
26 mm.
Bearded
Obv.
<t>IAEAAHNOS
|
and club in
1.
bust,
diade-
Heracles, beardless,
hand.
Coll.
of Parthian coins are generally imitations of the Seleucid coin-types.
Heracles
here takes the place of a standing Apollo.
Mithradates II, B. C. 123-88.
316
-*..
Attic Tetradrachm
15.71 gr.
28 mm.
Obv.
diademed, 1., the long ends of the diadem hanging at back

richly decorated cuirass
Bust
of Mithradates II,
wears spiral necklace and
BA3IAEQ3 METAAOY AP3AKOY ETTI4>ANOY3 Arsaces

holding bow in r. to r., outside legend, palm-branch.
Rev.
phalos,
seated
r.
on
om
H. Chapman.
In converting a Seleucid coin-type to their use the Parthians have substituted the founder
Arsaces. for Apollo on the omphalos.
CATALOGUK OF GREEK COINS

Artabanua
Next
to nothing is
known
77,
of this king,
91
B. (\ 88-77.
whose name has been added
to the list in recent

Parthia seems to have been forgotten by the historians in this period, when the Romans
were engaged in their great struggle with Mithradates the Great and Tigranes of Armenia was
years.
rapidly
expanding
his dominions.
Obv. Bust of Arttibanus

3J7 ^R. Attic Tetradrachm 15.43 yr. 32mm.
with short beard, broad diadem, spiral necklace, and decorated. cuirass; around,
;
1.,
II,
cir
cle of dots.
Rev.
in ex.
BASIAEQS
ETTI<J>ANOY3
MEfAAOY APSAKOY
<HAEAAN03 (tie)
was
decline.
GEOTTATPOS
Arsaces seated
1.
Orodes
It
r.
/,
r.
(*ic)
on throne;
EYEPfETO
in field,
B. C. 57-38.
in the reign of this
king that Parthia reached the zenith of its power and began to
In 53 B. C. the Roman invasion was crushed at Carrhae, when Crassus was killed and
10,000 of his men captured. Roman standards taken that day long graced the trophied walls of
Parthian temples. Years afterward Augustus recovered the standards through diplomatic means,
an event celebrated by Horace,

et
siyna nostro restituit lovi
derepta Parthorum superbis

postibus,
and by Augustus on coins SIGN (is) MiLiT(aribus) A PAKT

murdered by his son Phraates IV.
(his)
KEcvi
(eratis).
Orodes was
Obv. Bust of Orodes I L,

Attic Tetradrachm 7/7.7,9 gr. 33.5 mm.
with short beard, wart on forehead, broad diadem, and long hair in three rows of formal
locks; wears spiral necklace and cuirass; around, circle of dots.
3J8
/R.
BASIAEfiS BASIAEQN
AP5AKOY EYEPTETOY AIKAIOY ETTI4>AINOY5 4>IAEAAHNO
Orodes I, in long chiton and pantaloons, seated 1. on throne; in
outstretched r. hand, Nike r. offering him a crown
holds sceptre in 1. hand.
H. Chapman.
Rev.
This coin may have been struck soon after the victory over Crassus, Orodes considering him
new founder of a greater Parthia and so takes the place of Arsaces on the reverse and Nike
crowns him.
self a
PERSIA.
Not
until the taking of Sardis in B. C. 546 and the subjugation of the Greeks in Asia Minor
did the Persians come into contact with the institution of coined money and learn its value. AVhat
means of exchange they had employed before that time is not clearly known, but barter was prob
ably the chief one, supplemented, no doubt, by the use of ingots and personal ornaments of gold,
silver, and other metals.
Cyrus, the conqueror of Lydia, seems to have struck no coins. But we
have the statement of Herodotus that Darius Hystaspis struck coins of the purest quality of
These were the gold Darics (5apic6i), a term derived from the king s name. The coinage
gold.
of the Daric was enormous from its inauguration till the fall of Persia.
It very soon acquired tincharacter of an international medium of exchange and supplied the needs of gold coinage to com
merce everywhere.
From
But they probably circulated outside Persia more than inside that empire.
the obverse type of the archer-king the Darics were known in antiquity as To6ra<.
92
Obv. The king running

3J9 Af. Double Daric 16.65 gr. 19 mm.
with kidaris and wearing long kandys, with bow in 1. and lance in r. hand.
Rev. Irregular form incuse.
;
Sir H. Weber
r.,
crowned
Coll.
Throughout the two centuries they were issued the types of the Darics remained unchanged,
except for slight modifications of details or variations of the physiognomy of the king. It is,
therefore, impossible to attribute the Darics to particular kings with any degree of certainty. The
Double Darics were struck outside the regular royal mints for special military or other purposes ;
for the most part they were struck in Babylon, perhaps all of them.
BACTRIA.
The civil discords and the wars among the Macedonian rulers in Europe, Asia, and Egypt
offered the peoples of the eastern Satrapies an opportunity to regain their freedom from the SeleuSo in about B. C. 246 Diodotus, Satrap of Antiochus II, raised the standard of revolt
cid kings.
in establishing an independent kingdom.
Near the close of the third
the
invaded
Bactria
and
the
Greek
class
was driven out. The
Scythians
century, however,
ruling
latter invaded the territory now known as Afghanistan and the Panjab and there erected a Graecoin Bactria
and succeeded
Indian kingdom. The history of this latter kingdom has been almost entirely lost, and
what we have would never have been known had not the discovery of coins issued by
made
it
possible to
draw up a meager
much
its
of
kings
outline of that history.
Diodotus II?, after B. C. 250.
own son soon
Justin states that Diodotus was slain by his

that the son then reigned under the same name.
N.
320
demed,
arm
8.30 gr.
18.5
mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Diodotus
II,
and
dia
r.
Rev.
1.
Attic Stater
after his successful revolt,
AIOAOTOY
BAÎAEQ^
|
at his feet, eagle
Zeus standing
1.,
hurling thunderbolt, aegis on
in field, wreath.
H. Chapman.
Because of the youthfulness of the head
this gold Stater is here assigned to the
younger
Diodotus.
The types of the coins issued by the Greek kings of Bactria betray the best of Greek art.
Evidently the native population had no influence in the government, the types of their coins be
ing purely Greek and untouched by local ideas of any sort.
Euthydemus
J,
Circ.
B.
C. 230.
This king met a crushing defeat at the hands of Antiochus the Great in 210 B. C., when the
latter made an expedition into the East to recover the lost provinces.
But Euthydemus proved
able to keep by his eloquence what he had virtually lost by arms.
He appealed to the generous
nature of the king, pointed out that he had not rebelled, but had destroyed the rebellious House
and besides that the Scythian nomads were preparing to invade the country, so that
he should be left undisturbed on the throne. Antiochus agreed and even bestowed one of his
daughters upon the son and envoy of Euthydemus, his successor Demetrius. The extension of
of Diodotus,
the
kingdom
into India
was
effected by these two, father
and son.

Attic Tetradrachm
/R.
32J
diademed,
r.
over which
thrown
is
mm.
O/>v.
Head of Euthydemus
I,
in
Bearded Heracles, naked, seated

hand, club which rests on rock, the
r.
H>S>6
yr.i
mm.
29.r>
1.
on a
1.
rock,
also rest
Elderly head of Eu-
<%/-.
diademed,
Legend and type similar to preceding.
Butler
;t()
r.
I,
Rev.
EY0YAHMOY
lion s skin
ing on the rock; in field, ^.

/R.
Attic Tetradrachm;
322
thydemus
gr.
>2
BA5IAEQS
Rev. |
10.,
03
Coll.
Demetrius, King of India.
323
trius,
Attic Tetradrachm
/R.
diademed,
r.,
10.79 gr.\
wearing elephant scalp
3T>
iillet.
mm.
Obv.
Draped bust
of
Deme
on border.
AHMHTPIOY Heracles, nude, standing to front, his club

f BASIAEQS
r. hand,
crowning himself with ivy in field, ^ around, fillet.
1012.
Hinch, May,
Rev.
and
lion s skin in
The portrait of Demetrius on this Tetradrachm is one of the finest known on coins of any
period, while the rendering of such accessories as the elephant mask is in every way masterly.
Equally admirable, too, is the figure of Heracles, betraying, as has been pointed out, a strong
Praxitelean influence.
This figure of Heracles crowning himself with ivy
ing a drinking-cup on a Parthian coin. Xo.
Euthifdemus
Early
recalls that
god hold
. {!/>.
IT,
King of
India.
Second Century.
in
Probably a sou of Demetrius and apparently contemporary with Eucratides, the powerful
(iraeco-Indian king.
324
demus
II,
?&.
Attic Tetradrachm
diademed,
r.
BA3IAEQ3
Rev. \
10.30 gr.
30 mm.
EY0YAHMOY
Young
crowned with ivy and holding another ivy-crown

across 1. arm; in field, ^.
Hirsch,
Ohv.
Draped bust of Euthy
nude, standing to front,

his club in 1. and lion s skin
Heracles,
in
r.,
May, 1912.
Anfimachu*, King of India.
325
^R.
diademed,
Rev.
r.,
wreath and
field,
KNP
in
Butler
Attic Tetradrachm: 17.00 gr.-,
^ mm.
Ohv.
Draped bust
of the king,
wearing kausia.
BAÎAEQS 0EOY
Initiation
ANTIMAXOY
holds sceptre in
r.
hand,
Poseidon standing to front, wearing

1.
palm-branch bound with fillet: in
in
monogram.
Coll.
Eucratides,
King of Bartria and
Circ.
B. C. 190-
India.
?.
According to Justin Eucratides engaged in a prolonged war, or in several wars, with Deme
and finally became master not only of Hactria and the Indian kingdom, but also extended
his conquests.
He assumed the title of the Great (No. 328), and the apparent extent of his do
minions justified his pride.
trius
94
326
tides,
^.
Attic Tetradrachm
diademed,
r.
around,
16.05 gr.
3$.
mm.
Obv.
Draped bust
of Eucra-
fillet.
BAÎAEft^ EYKPATIAOY Apollo standing to front, with head turned

wearing chlamys and high boots, holding arrow in r. hand, in 1. bow, which rests
Rev.
1.,
on ground; in
field, y.
Spink $ Son.
327 JR. Attic Tetradrachm
tides,
diademed,
Rev.
in
r.
/ BAÎAEQÊ
16.!)!
tides,
J&.
diademed,
%% mm.
Obv.
Draped bust
The Dioscuri galloping
EYKPATIAOY
Attic Tetradrachm
r.,
.gr.
1.
shoulders
10.69 gr.
below,
SO mm.
Obv.
r.,
with long spears
c|>.
Draped bust
wearing a crested kausia-shaped helmet adorned with bull
around, fillet.
Rev. | BASIAEQ^
of Eucra-
fillet.
around,
hands, carrying palm-branches across

Butler Coll.
328
horn
r.
of Eucras
ear and
horse,
METAAOY
|
EYKPATIAOY
Similar to preceding; beneath
fl.
H. Chapman.
Heliocle*, Circ.
B. C. 150-125.
tria
In the reign of this son and successor of Eucratides the Scythian hordes overwhelmed Bacand drove the reigning House south of the Caucasus, into the Kabul valley. He was thus the
last
Greek king of Bactria.
329
r.
^.
around,
Rev. |
Attic Tetradrachm
BAÎAEQ^
16.9$. gr.
HAIOKAEOY^
hanging from
in field, Q.
front, himation
ing sceptre
33 mm.
Obv.
Draped bust diademed,
fillet.
1.
ex.
AIKAIOY
shoulder and hips
Zeus, laureate, standing to

thunderbolt in r. hand, 1. support
AFRICA.
EGYPT.
Ptolemy
7,
Soter, B. C. 323-305-2X5.
After a conquest made easy because the native population would not light for their Persian
masters Alexander the Great established his own authority over Egypt with the least possible dis
turbance of the old constitution.
In the division of the Macedonian Empire, following the death
of Alexander, the governorship of Egypt fell to Ptolemy, son of Arsinoe and Philip II of
Macedon,
who had distinguished himself as a general in Alexander s army. From :! to 51 1 15. C. Ptolemy
2:>
ruled Egypt as governor, first for Philip Aridaeus, then for Alexander IV, son of Koxana, finally,
after an interregnum lasting from 311 to 505, becoming the independent king of the
country.
.
Hoth before and after bis assumption of the crown Ptolemy extended bis dominions in Asia and
He was an unusually enlightened man. He estab
Africa, and notably to the island of Cyprus.
lished the famous library and school at Alexandria, making that city one of the chief culture cen
ters of his time.
He was himself the author of a life of Alexander the Great, a work much praised
in antiquity, but lost at an early period.
The name Ptolemy was borne by several of his successors on the throne, so that the inscrip
tions on their coins was always the same, a fact that contributes much toward
making the attribu
tion of the rich series of
330
demed,
r.,
Rev..
Phoenician Stater
wearing
|
Egyptian coins very

;
7.15
difficult.
(jr.
18.5
mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Ptolemy
I,
dia
aegis.
BA2IAEQ2
TTTOAEM AIOY Elephant quadriga 1., driven by Alexan

Ammon, holding reins in 1. and thunderbolt in r. hand
der the Great as son of Zeus
in exergue, spray of
silphium.
Son.
Spink
The title of Ba<nXJs, assumed by Ptolemy
<f
in
15. ( ., fixes the date after which this piece
must have been struck. Ptolemy bad proceeded very slowly and cautiously in dropping what per
tained to Alexander from the coins, and perhaps in pursuance of that policy he is here introduced
as an Egyptian deity.
The silphium refers to Cyrene, where the piece may have been coined.
Ptolemy
{(.)<">
II, Philadelphus,
B. C.
The enlightened
The great
policy of Ptolemy Soter was followed by his son and successor.
was rapidly developed, and tradition has it that Philadelphia had the Septuagint version
of the Hebrew Scriptures made, or at least begun, for the use of authors and scholars attracted to
Alexandria.
Celebrated among the writers lured to the court was Theocritus, whose 15th Idyl is
a fulsome enconium upon Philadelphia and a clever bid for royal favor. The Pharos lighthouse
library
long stood as a
331
I,
of the progressive reign of Philadelphia.
17.85 yr. 2^ mm.

wearing aegis; around, circle of dots.
Phoenician Pentedrachm
Soter, diademed,
Rev.
r.,
-V.
monument
r.,
BA2IAEQ2 TTTOAEMAIOY
n d buckler
H. Chapman.
Eagle standing
1.
Obv.
Head
of
on thunderbolt
Ptolemy
in Held,
CATALOGUE OF GKEEK COINS
96
An
eagle standing on a thunderbolt was the personal badge of Ptolemy II.

symbol in the field, later as the main type. Ptolemy II issued
his coins, first as a
It is
found on
many
coins with
the portrait and types of his father.
N.
332
jugate
of
r.
Phoenician Octadrachm
Ptolemy
in field, buckler
II,
27.80 gr.
28mm.
Philadelphus, diademed, and Arsinoe
Obv.
II,
Busts
AAEA4>QN
diademed and veiled

Rev. | 8EQN
Busts jugate r. of Ptolemy I, Soter, diademed and wearing aegis,
and Berenice I, with veil and diadem around, circle of dots.
;
Earle
Coll.
N.
333
Phoenician Distater
13.88
<jr.
81 mm.
Legends and types similar
to preceding.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
nice,
These remarkable coins were struck in honfir of the deified, 6eol, Soter and his queen Bere
by Philadelphus and Arsinoe, brother and sister, dSeXôi. These medallic pieces and numer
ous other great coins attest to the magnificence of the reign.
Arsinoe II, wife of Ptolemy II.

Obv. Head of Arsinoe
334
Phoenician Octadrachm 27.80 yr. 27.5 mm.
II, r., with horn of Zeus Ammon,, wearing high stephane and veil; behind, E (==.5th
year?} around, circle of dots.
Rev. t APÎNOH^
Double cornucopiae bound with long fillet.
N.
4>IAAAEA<t>OY
Con. Weber.
N.
335
Phoenician Distater
14-03
(jr.
21.5 mm.
Obv.
but behind, K (=.year 10?}.
Legend and type
Rev. f
Sir
II.
336
noe
^K..
II, r.,
year 2?}
Rev.
Weber
similar to preceding; around, circle of dots.
Coll.
with horn of Zeus
Ammon,
14-00
</r.
20.5 mm.
wearing high stephane and
Head
Obv.
veil
of
Arsi
behind, B (
APÎNOHS
Eagle standing
<t>IAAAEA<t>OY
1.
on thunderbolt; around,
circle of dots.
Son.
Spink
337 IK. Phoenician Dekadrachm
<f
ceding behind, YY.

Rev. | Similar to No. 834
35.33
<jr.
37.5 mm.
Obv. Similar to pre
270 B. C. and was promptly deified. It has been suggested that a new era
was established dating from her death and that these coins with her portrait are dated in that era.
Arsinoe died
in
Ptolemy III, Eueryetes, B.
The most important
C.
246-221.
king were the reunion of the Cyrenaica with Egypt and his long war with Seleucus II of Syria. The Cyrenaica was brought under
In prosecuting
the crown of Egypt by marriage with Berenice who had inherited the kingdom.
political facts in the reign of this
the war against Syria Ptolemy carried his campaign as far east as Bactria, returning home only
when disturbances there required his presence, lie is said to have won the affections of Egypt
ians by bringing back with him the statutes of their gods Cambyses had carried away.
CATAI.OOUK OK GKKEK COINS
Phoenician Octadrachm; 27.80 yr.; 26mm.

diadem and aegis, trident-sceptre across
V.
338
r., wearing radiate

of dots.
AV
field,
II.
BASIAEQS TTTOAEMAIOY
Mv. Bust
1.
shoulder
of
Ptolemy
around,
Radiate cornucopiae bound with
III
circle
fillet;
in
97
Chapman.
lit- re nice
was the
II.
of the dynasty to bear the title of Queen, having inherited it from

her adoptive father Magas, king of the Cyrenaica. While Ptolemy was absent with his armies in
Asia Berenice was regent of Kgypt and in control of the fleet. At this time she apparently struck
Tliis princess
a large
number
first
of coins, including
many
of high value, required no doubt by the extraordinary
expenses of the war.
339
Attic Pentedrachm
wearing diadem,
Rev.
two
stars
veil,
and necklace
21.37
ijr.
around,
f>
mm.
Bust of Berenice
01>v.
r.,
BA5IAI55H5 BEPENIKH2
and E
26.
Cornucopiae bound with
fillet;
in
field,
circle of dots.
Sir H. Weber Coll.
340
Attic Dekadrachm
-V.
Rev.
Consul Weber
JR.
34J
$2.77
<jr.
/>
mm.
/?.
Coll.
Phoenician Dekadrachm;
34-^(>
yr.
^ mm.
Obv, Similar to preced
ing.
/ft r.
Similar to preceding, but no stars or letter in
field.
Virzi Coll.
CYKENAICA.
Cyrene was founded by people from Thera, who seem to have been the first Greeks to suc
ceed in establishing a successful and permanent settlement in this fertile section of the northern
coast of Africa.
The
but that was about
land had been often visited by Greeks and its resources were appreciated,
The city was named for the nymph Cyrene, whom Apollo loved and
all.
transported to that coast, where she gave birth to Aristaeus. There was a cult in the Cyrenaica
of Aristaeus as protector of crops and Hocks.
The country early became prosperous through agri
culture, gra/ing, trade with the native populations of the interior, and particularly from the culture
n^w extinct silphium-plant. Silphium produced a widely-used and costly medicine and
was alsoân excellent forage plant. The revenues of the government were largely derived from
this plant.
The plant became the badge of the country and is found as a type on its coins from
of the
first to last.
Circ.
342
Euboic-Attic Tetradrachm
with two leaves on each side

Rev.
B.
:
C.
630-480.
//?5
gr.
23 J) mm.
two grains of same

Grain of silphium between two dolphins.
;
at sides,
Obv. Stalk of silphium
plant.
Virzi Coll.
The
but it has been rather aptly suggested that

significance of the dolphins is still doubtful
home of the Therans who founded Cyrene.
they refer to the island
98
B. 0. 480-431.
Circ.
In this period
the brilliant reign of Arcesilas IV.

The Cyrenaica had been tributary
Cambyses, but after the reign of Darius the Persian domination was
falls
to Persia since the time of

felt less,
Ode
and the country attained a high degree of prosperity.

Olympia in B. C. 400.
Arcesilas
IV
is
known from
the
of Pindar in honor of his victory at
Euboic- Attic Tetradrachm
343
16.75
26 mm.
<jr.
Obv. Stalk of silphium with
leaves and berries.
Rev.
KVPA
Bearded head
Zeus
of
Ammon,
with ram
horns,
r.
around,
cir
cle of dots.
Son.
Spink
B. C. 431-323.
reign of Arcesilas IV ended in B. C. 450 and not many years thereafter a republican
form of government was established. There followed over a century of prosperity if one may
rely upon the evidence of the abundant and splendid coinages, the evidence furnished by the
The
remains of her potteries, as well as what historians have stated.
N.
344
Euboic- Attic Stater;
8.62 gr.
20 mm.
KYPANAION
Obv.
driven by nymph Kyrene, wearing long chiton, holding whip

walking
the reins in both above, part of sun s disk around, circle of dots.
r.
riga,
Rev.
Zeus
N.
345
quadriga
r.
r.
Rev.
Ammon
hand
seated on throne
in front, thymiaterion
Euboic-Attic Stater
Zeus
Ammon,
era above thymiaterion with

with ram
Rev.
8.62 gr.
himation around legs, holding eagle in

behind, XAIPI02
;
10mm.
Obv.
horn,
V P
r.
KYPANAION
Walking
hand, the reins in both.
laureate, standing to front, wearing himation, holding pat

in field, r., roAiANGETS (reading upwards);
r., sceptre in 1.
;
fc.
346
Ammon,
hand,
1.,
driven by Nike, in long chiton, holding whip in
r.
outstretched
Quad
in
12.87
gr.
27.5 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Zeus
below, [APIS] TOMHAEOS.

Stalk of silphium.
A N
A
1.
After the marriage of Berenice to Ptolemy III it appears that a large measure of autonomy
Cyranaica, probably as a favor, for Ptolemy could have quickly and easily put down a
revolt.
This privileged republic struck bronze coins in its own name.
was
left to
347
Ê.
Rev.
10.72 gr.
26 mm.
N
Obv.
Head
of
Zeus
Stalk of silphium
Ammon,
with ram
horn
r.
ZEUGITANA.
Carthage occupied one of the very favorable commercial sites on the Mediterranean Sea.
Ships bound for either western or eastern ports passed through the narrow stretch of water be
tween Sicily and Africa and necessarily put in at Carthage for safety and trade or at a Sicilian harbor
which was often a Carthaginian colony. Thus

came one of the greatest and wealthiest cities of
this early ninth century colony of
antiquity.
control of the western basin of the Mediterranean, including
It
was for long
much
of Sicily.
in
Tyre soon be
almost complete
The
policy of
mak-
OF (IKKKK COINS
CATALO<;UK
91)
ing that commercial domination complete occasioned long wars with Massilia. Ktruria, and with
Her first great effort to seize Sicily was* checked hy the defeat at Ilimera in
the Greeks of Sicily.
B. C. 480.
Resuming the invasion in 410 B. C. Carthage destroyed or captured many of the
Though defeated hy
greatest cities and hold her gains till defeated by Timoleon in B. C. 340.
Agathocles of Syracuse in B. C. 310, hy Pyrrhus of Epirus in B. C. 278-275, yet it was not until
after the long first struggle with Rome, B. C. 2(54-241, that the African power was forced from
The commercial and
the island.
tation of the rich silver
Rome and
Rome imposed hy
postponed her destruction
the timely discovery or profitable exploi
These revenues financed another long struggle with

B. C 14(5 following the short Third Tunic War.
Many
mines of Spain.
of these events bear directly

tively late date.
importance of Carthage, however, was saved from im
political
mediate ruin hy the hard peace terms
till
upon the history
of the city s coinage, which
began at a compara
Coins Struck in Sicily, B. C. 410-3JO.
The Carthaginians struck no coins

C. when they were probably compelled
about the time of their invasion of Sicily in 410

do so to meet the demands of the great force of
mercenaries they were then employing against the Greeks. They had long since known and used
For their first coinage they em
coins, but these were the coins of various cities and countries.
of
the
of
with
which
their
Greek
cities
the
troops were already familiar.
Sicily
types
ployed
B.
Attic Tetradrachm
crowned by Nike flying
^K-
348
galloping
Rev.
r.,
v<
M3
H?
until
to
77.77
r.
(ntnn mil)
(jr.
mm.
3/>
Obv.
Forepart of free horse
in front, barley-grain.
"New
City (of
Carthage)".
mm.
OI\ Free
Date-palm
tree.
Virzi Coll.
Attic Tetradrachm
/R.
349
crowned by Nike flying

Rer. f Date-palm
r.
17.30
2fi
:
</r.
horse running
r.
tree
Hirsch.
The obverse
of No. 348
is
probably an imitation of a gold coin of Gela, while a Syracusan

is an appropriate device for a Carthaginian
But the horse

piece suggested the type on No. 340.
tree
whilst
the
date-palm
suggests Africa.
coin-type
;
350
/R.
Attic Tetradrachm
77.27
</r.
wearing barley-wreath, earring, and necklace
2fW mm.
Obv.
Head
around four dolphins
of Proserpine
r.,
the whole with
in circle of dots.
Rev.
f Free horse galloping
Mathey
35 J
^R.
Attic Tetradrachm
wearing barley-wreath, earring,

Rev.
r.
in
background, palm-tree.
Coll.
17.30
//r.
and necklace
\ Free horse leaping
r.
in
25 mm.
Obv.
Head
of Proserpine
1.,
background, date-palm
tree.
H. Chapman.
352
but
^K.
Attic Tetradrachm:
in front of head,
17.2>1
(jr.;
%$ mm.
Obv.
thymiaterion.
Free horse standing r. before palm-tree, crowned by Nike flying 1. in

beneath horse, 9M (3!~l).
field, r., kerykeion
Obv. Similar to last, but head
25 mm.
I7.1
Attic Tetradrachm
353 /R.
Itev.
turned to
r.
+<jr.
100
Rev. I Similar to
^ (n
^
H. Chapman.
^R-.
horse turned to
the kerykeion also in
1.,
1.
field
the Punic
3) separated by foreleg of horse.
letters
354
last,
Attic Tetradrachm
1740 gr.
wearing barley-wreath, earring, and necklace

dolphins
27 mm.
Obv.
Head
below chin, escallop
of
shell
Persephone
;
L,
around, four
Rev.
head
1.
MM
(HJriD ftp "Am Machanat"

behind, palm-tree around, circle of dots.
t)
"
"!)
People of the
Camp
").
Horse
Benson
Coll.
Nos. 350-354 have for obverse type a more or less successful imitation of the Persephone
head on the Syracusan Dekadrachms by Euainetos. Some of them, such as the rather crude No.
351, may be the work of a Carthaginian artist, while others were probably engraved by inferior
Greek artists.
In connection with the type of the horse s head the lines of Vergil pertaining to the found
ing of Carthage have been very aptly quoted:
Quo primum,
iactati undis et turbine,
effodere loco signum,
Poeni
quod regia luno
monstrarat, caput acris equi.
Aen.
I,
442.
Coins Struck at Carthage, B. C. 3^0-242.
Toward the end of the fourth century B. C., probably about the time Agatliocles carried the
war over to the gates of Carthage, the issue of Siculo-Punic coins came to an end. It was in this
period that the first coins were struck at Carthage. They were of gold and electrum and were no
doubt occasioned by such special expenditures as were caused by the First Punic War.
355
sephone
Obv. Head of Per

Phoenician Pentehemidrachm 0.36 gr. 20 mm.
wearing barley-wreath, earring, and necklace with long pendants around,
Af.
L,
circle of dots.
Rev.
Free horse standing
r.
Coll.
Sangorski
356 El. Phoenician Stater
17. 48 gr.
10 mm.
Obv.
Head
of
Persephone
1.,
wearing barley-wreath, earring, and necklace.

Rev. \ Free horse standing r.
Earle
Coll.
B.
C.
Immediately following their first war with Rome and the loss of Sicily the Carthaginians
launched new enterprises in other of their possessions, notably the mining industry in Spain. In
the last year of the war Hasdrubal had founded Nova Carthagena at the center of the richest
The revenues from these mines were enormous and the coinages of the
silver mining district.
period doubtless reflect the fact.
El.
Obv. Head
Phoenician Tridrachm 10.40 gr. 21.5 mm.
crowned
with
and
necklace
with
L,
barley, wearing earring
pendants.
Rev f Free horse standing r. above, radiate disc flanked by uraei.
357
one
of
Perseph
CATALO<;UK
OK (IIIKKK COINS
101
r
mm Obv. Head of Per
Phoenician Dodekadrachm
!l
crowned with barley-wreath, wearing earring composed of three pendants,
358
J<.
44^
>
sephone 1.,
and necklace.
Rev.
Free horse galloping
1.
RhoussopouloB Coll.
sephone
1.,
Rev.
"
Byrsa
Oln\
Head
Phoenician Dekadrachm 30.07 gr. 3!)M mm.
crowned with barley-wreath, wearing earring of single drop.
^R.
359
",
--
fpSf S (nin&O)
was the name
of
Pegasus flying
The Punic
r.
"
legend,
Per
rtsth
",
of the citadel of Carthage.
Collignon Coll.
NUMIDIA.
There were two Nuiuidian kingdoms up to the close of the Second Punic War, of one of
which (Jala was king, of the other Syphax. The latter sided with the Carthaginians, while (Jala s
son and successor Masinissa espoused the cause of Koine, and gave Scipio excellent assistance in
For this Masinissa received a large portion of Carthaginian territory and
the African campaign.
the entire kingdom of Syphax, who was captured and taken to Home to adorn Scipio s triumph.
After the death of Masinissa the kingdom, then large and powerful, was divided by Scipio among
the three sons, two of whom soon died leaving Micipsa sole monarch.
Masinissa inaugurated the
Numidian coinage.
Micipsa, B. C.
360
RL.
of Melkart, laureate,
Rev.
1.,
Elephant
his club across
r.,
with
rider.
r.
7^<S
//. /T
shoulder
-7/,S
//>.
27.^
mm.
Obv.
Bearded head
SUPPLEMENTARY.
LUCANIA.
Thurium.
36 J
^.
Rev.
\ QOYPIQN
15.78 gr. 26 mm.

Obv. Head of Athena
crested Athenian helmet adorned with Scylla, both hounds forward.
Siris
Italic Distater
and Pyxus.
Bull charging
The former
r.
in exergue, fish
of these cities
r.,
wearing
r.
was located on the Gulf
of
Tarentum near the
mouth
of the River Siris, from which the city derived its name.
The poet Archiloclms (v. Atkementions
and
Siris
its
was
the
which
naeus, 12, 5)
praises
territory,
evidently very fertile and the
Sirites shared with the Sybarites a reputation for wealth and extreme luxury in their manner of
living.
Sometime
in the latter half of the sixth century Siris
was destroyed by Sybaris and Meta-
pontum.
Pyxus, of which very little is known, stood on the western coast of Bruttium. This Stater
The nature of this alliance cannot be determined
points to an alliance between the two cities.
but it was probably commercial, Pyxus being the western port through which the commerce of
Siris, after crossing the peninsula, reached central and northern Italy.
Circ.
362
standing
Stater
7.84 gr.
on line of heavy dots,
-*..
1.
B. O. 550-520.
29 mm.
his
Obv.
QM
head turned back
? 1 ?
(St/atvo?).
Bull
around, linear circle within
circle of dots.
Rev.
[0
bull
on
E;
M] X V 1
(IIv|oe<?)
Same type
as obverse incuse
on border, wreath
incuse.
The
this coin is probably a river-god,
and very
likely of the
the more important city being adopted for the coinage of the two towns.
to the cities of Magna Graecia.
See No. 31.
River
Siris,
the badge of
The
fabric
was peculiar
CILICIAE.
Mallus.
Circ.
363
Persic Stater
R^>
10.75
wearing broad ornamented taenia
M AA
Rev.
done, walking
r.
Demeter
with torch in
B.
gr.
0.
;
behind
385-b
24 mm.
fish
Obv.
Bearded head
of
Kronos
r.,
in long chiton and peplos, wearing stephane

r. and ears of
grain in 1. hand.
and sphen-
Satrapal, Circ. B. C. 385.
364
JR.
Persic Stater
10.43 gr.;
23mm.
Obv. Persian
King running r., wear-

ing kidaris and kandys,
bow
in
1.
and* in
1(K{
hand lance ending
r.
in
an apple
behind, grain
of barley.
/ MAA
Rev.
Young
strangling lion with both
Heracles, nude, standing
arms
behind, club
r.
on capital of a column and
border of dots.
was the Satrap who struck this coin, but it

reverse almost certainly represents a group of sculpture, possibly by Myron.
It is probable that Tiriba/us
The
not certain.
is
CYPRUS.
on the southern coast of Cyprus, was one of the oldest cities of the island
Amathus,
and later one of the most powerful of the numerous petty kingdoms of Cyprus. Tin; cult of Venus
was established at Amathus as well as at several other Cyprian cities E*t ArtHithus, exl celfiii inihi
I aphns .... Idaliaeque doinux .... (Verg. Aen. X, ol) says Venus in her prayer to Jupiter in
situate
behalf of Ascanius.
Zotimosi, B. C. 385At.
365
r.
Rhodian Stater
on a platform, the jaws open

/ Forepart of lion
Rev.
The
attribution to
r.
Amathus
04 /
yr.
(
21
mm.
above, eagle flying

with jaws open; in
Lion lying
Obv. ()|// (in ex.).

r.
field,
of the group of coins to
()T//
which
this
(Zo>
/i<o).
specimen belongs
is
not
certain.
Citium, situated on the southern coast, was the Phoenician capital of Cyprus, whilst Salamis
The line of kings of Citium extends from the sixth
city of the Greek population.
was the chief
the time of the Ptolemies.

Under the latter one of the chief mints of Cyprus was at
and there also was established the cult of Aphrodite, or Astarte. It was the birthplace
of Zeno, the founder of the Stoic Philosophy.
century
Citium
till
Baalmelek
366
moving
r.,
Persic Stater
bow
in
1.
B. G. 425-400.
Rev.
/ [-/
(ibfcbyzb)
dots, within incuse square.
<J^4
II,
10.00 gr.
19mm. Obv. Heracles wearing lion
and his club raised above head in r.
At.
[9^>]
Lion bringing
down
stag, both
r.,
in
s skin,
square of
Golgi was situated on the southern coast of Cyprus opposite Cilicia according to Habelon ;
And equally, or even more, uncertain is the
site of the city is not known with certainty.
attribution of a considerable series of coins to the place.
but the
367
ergue^
Rev.
At.
Persic Stater
10.56 gr.
23.5
mm.
Obv.
Lion crouching
r.
in
ex
\ Bull standing
1.
below, A
the whole in dotted square in an incuse
square.
Idalium was situated but a few miles from Citium, with which city it was evidently in close
relations from early times and by which it was conquered and annexed in the reign of
Azbaal, IJ. C. 449-42;>. The place was chiefly famous in antiquity for the groves and temple of
political
Aphrodite.
104
After B. O. 460.
368
seated
1.
(Ba),
Rev.
L,
22 mm.
J&.
Obv. Sphinx with curled wing,
Persic Stater 10.98 gr.
on a tendril with bud and flower on which she places r. paw in field, r., ||
;
t Y (Ka
pa}.
Lotos-flower on two spiral tendrils in field, r., ivy-leaf, L, astragalos.

Both the sphinx and the lotos flower of these types are related to the worship of Aphrodite;
Astarte.
Paphos, situate near the lliver Bocarus on the southwestern side of the island, was an ancient
Phoenician or Syrian origin. Greek writers differ as to the founder of the city and of the
famous temple of Aphrodite or Astarte, some claiming that Aerias and others that Cinyras was
Tacitus (II. II, 3) gives an account of the
the founder. For ages the temple remained famous.
city of
Titus to Paphos, especially to visit the shrine of Aphrodite, and describes the worship.
continuus orbis latiore
goddess was not in human form hut a mere conical stone
tenuem in ambitum metae modo exsurgens ....
visit of
The
initio
effigy of the
Circ.
369
Persic Stater
#<..
head, standing 1.
Rev. / Eagle
head, guilloche
head
1.
in
B. C. 460.
10.72 gr.
mm.
2%.
dotted square
in
with bearded
Obv. Bull,
upper
left corner,
palmette
human
beneath
PHOENICIA.
Sidon.
370
^.
Phoenician Shekel
14-16 gr.
29 mm.
ing turreted crown, veil, and earring, in circle of dots.

Rev. 1 2IAQN02 TH2
lEPA^ KAI ASYAOY
of galley, palm-branch over
r.
side
in field, L,
LN (year
Obv.
Head
of
Tyche
Eagle standing
<5#),
r.,
,.
1.
r.,
wear
on a prow
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
Abdera Thraciae
106
Magnesia ad Maeandrum loniae

Mallus Cilciae
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX
INDEX OF KINGS AND DYNASTS.

Alexander of Epirus
Alexander I of Maeedon
5,
Alexander III (the Great) of Maeedon

Alexander of Pherae
....
Maeedon
Antigonus Gonatas of Maeedon
Amyntas
III of
Antimachus
Archelaus
of
47
Ileliocles of Hactria
38
Hicetas of Syracuse
Hidrieus of C aria
40
Ilieronyiuus of Syracuse
32
39
25
41
93
39
Arsinoe II of Egypt
96
Berenice II of Egypt
97
Demetrius of Hactria
93
II of Bactria
Gelon of Syracuse
41
79
72
Mithradates
Philip II of
Prusias
42
VI
Pyrrhus
of
45
Pontusand Bosporus
67
....
72
Pergamum
Maeedon
II,
III,
Philadelphia
39
II of Hithynia
I, Soter, of Egypt
I,
Ptolemy
Ptolemy
Ptolemy
93
25
Lycceius of Paeonia
Lysiiuachus of Thrace
Philetaerus of
Euthydemus
79
Ilieron I of Syracuse
Ilieron II of Syracuse
Maeedon
Euagoras II of Salamis Cypri

Eurnenes II of Pergamum
31
.
47
of Hactria
Demetrius Poliorcetes of Maeedon
94
....
....
69, 70
95
95
96
Euergetes
of Epirus
Taththivaibi of Lycia
5,
48
84
Clarence S. Bement Collection
Plate
ANCIENT GREEK COINS
Plate
ANCIENT GREEK COINS
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Plate
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111
Plate
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IV
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Plate VIII
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Plate
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XI
Clarence S. Bemenl Collection
Plate XII
ANCIENT GREEK COINS
Plate XIII
ANCIENT GREEK COINS
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Plate
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Clarence S
Bement
Collection
Plate
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Plate
244
ANCIENT GREEK COINS
XVII
Plate
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XVIII
Plate
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XIX
Plate
Clarence S. Bemenl Collection
ANCIENT GREEK COINS
XX
Plate
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XXI
Plate
ANCIENT GREEK COINS
XXU
Plate
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XXIII
Plate
ANCIENT GREEK COINS
XXIV
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1975
LD21
A-40m-l2, 74
(S2700L)
General Library
University of California
Berkeley
CJS17
C.S.
A descr iptiv
catalogue of Greek
coinE .
Berne nt,
B4
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

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UC-NRLF

THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

agents of public education.

Mr. Bement s interest in books and prints resulted in the forma

into the possession of a distinguished

Bement devoted the most of his leisure

and the greatest

following catalogue includes only a small portion of the col

seemed useless, therefore, to include the hundreds of speci

cluded because of their exceedingly fine state of preservation, being

forming a large library of rare books and prints as well as in bringing

The catalogue has been prepared with notes of a varied character,

would appeal. No effort has been made to contribute*

T. Newell, President of the American Numismatic Society, for helpful

tracing the provenience of

as well as for various sug

CATALOGUE OF GREEK COINS

chiefly with the last century or

Uncertain Mint, Fifth Century B. C.

11.11 gr. 1 22.5 mm.

and marks of value characterize many of the Etruscan coins.

around, circle of dots.

generals standing face to face, wearing cuirasses,

paludamenta, and high boots, holding a pig

This abbreviation is, in all cases, for grammes.

CATALOGUE OF GREEK COINS

Youthful male head, with ram

behind, cantharus; around, circle of dots.

There are no satisfactory explanations of the types on

but they probably refer to

silver coins of Phistelia

Rev. 4- ^IVJT^IS (retrograde).

myths, and the man-headed bull very

Obv. Similar to preceding.

continue the struggle with Hannibal.

demands and forced the

regarded their course as a revolt, doubled the

other allied cities Suessa struck no coins until about H. C. 2SO,

Italian mints ceased to coin silver.

with long hair

CATALOGUE OF GREEK COINS

Horseman, wearing pileus and carrying

(Ad Aen. XI, &6), by Diomed, who went from Troy

Argos Hippion, which was

later corrupted to Argyrippa,

Persephone 1., crowned with barley, wearing earring and necklace

above, eight-pointed star

doubtless an imitation, derived directly or indirectly from a

The name AAIOT on

sort of tyrant at Arpi.

induced his townsmen to desert

for Hannibal, but

Romans drew near

thian helmet, with earring above,

CATALOGUK OF CKKKK COINS

wines of the territory of Venusia, and the consequent cult of

1., the further horse in advance; the nearer horse

Italic-Tarentine Stater; 8.57 gr.

CATALOGUE OF GREEK COINS